Data Base

S u b m i t t e d t o
S i r S h a h i d
S u b m i t t e d b y
Z a r n i g a r a l t a f
B C S V

Entity:-

Anything in the real world that has a set of different attributes or properties is known as Entity. An
entity may be an object with a physical existence such as a person, a place, a car, a computer etc.
similarly, an entity may be an object with a conceptual existence such as university course,
account, a job, an event etc. An entity is given a unique name.

Data:-

A collection of facts, figures and statistics related to an object (or entity) is called data. It can be
processed to produce meaningful information. The data may be in the form of text, numbers,
images, sounds or even videos.
Assignment # 1
For example:

The data of a student’s of a college may be collected to prepare the results of students. The data
may include, names, roll numbers, obtained marks in different subjects etc.

Data Base:-

A collection of logically related data is called database. For example, the telephone directory, your
personal address book, dictionary etc are examples of database. The database may be created
and maintained manually or it may be computerized. The library card catalog is an example of a
database that may be created and maintained manually.

Data base management system:-

A system which is used for managing database and for performing different operations on
database is called database management system (DBMS). In DBMS, the major component is the
software known as database manager that controls the overall database management system. We
can say that database management system is just a computerized record keeping system. Today
the most popular and commonly used DBMS is Microsoft Access.

Field:-

A set of related characters that represent a unit of data is called field. Each field is given a unique
name known as the field name. For example, roll no, name, address and marks of a student of a
class represents the field.

Record:-

A collection of related fields is called record. A record is treated as a single unit. So we can say
that, a collection of related data items treated as a single unit is called record. In Ms-Access, each
column in a table represents a field while each row in the table represents a record.

Primary Key:-
An attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely identify a record in a relation is known as
primary key. In a relational database, each relation must have a primary key. And primary key is
always unique.

Foreign Key:-

A foreign key is an attribute (or combination of attribute) in a table whose values must match a
primary key in another table. The foreign key is used to link data from one table to another. We
can repeat a foreign key or it is not unique like a primary key.

RDBMS:-

RDBMS is a Relational Data Base Management System Relational DBMS. This adds the additional
condition that the system supports a tabular structure for the data, with enforced relationships
between the tables. This excludes the databases that don't support a tabular structure or don't
enforce relationships between tables.

An important feature of relational systems is that a single database can be spread across several tables. This
differs from flat-file databases, in which each database is self-contained in a single table.
database system

A database system is a way of organizing information on a computer, implemented by a set of computer

programs. Most commercial and non-commercial organizations use a database for storing their important
information.
NOT NULL
The NOT NULL constraint enforces a column to NOT accept NULL values.
The NOT NULL constraint enforces a field to always contain a value. This means that you cannot insert a new
record, or update a record without adding a value to this field.
Constraints
constraint is a mechanism it is used to prevent the invalid
data entry in to the table is called constraint
A constraint is a property assigned to a column or the set
of columns in a table that prevents certain types of
inconsistent data values from being placed in the columns.

There are 4 Types of Constraints.

• Entity Integrity - Primary and Unique
• Domain Integrity - Default, Check and Not Null
• Referential integrity – Foreign Key
• User-Defined Integrity - enforces some specific
TYPES GROUP
1.DEFAULT = DOMAIN INTEGRITY
2.NOT NULL = DOMAIN INTEGRITY
3.CHECK = DOMAIN INTEGRITY
4.FOREIGN KEY = REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY
5.UNIQUE KEY = ENTITY INTEGRITY
6.PRIMARY KEY = DOMAIN INTEGRITY
7.RULE = USER DEFINED INTEGRITY
Use
Constraints are used to limit the type of data that can go
into a table.