Department of Mechanical Engineering

B. Tech Student Handbook

2019 - 2020

IV YEAR I SEM

GURU NANK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS

(AUTONOMOUS)
(School of Engineering & Technology
School of Pharmacy
School of Computer Appliations
School of Management Studies)

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 CONTENTS

Sl. No. Particulars Page

COLLEGE INFORMATION
Management 3
I Vision & Mission 4
II Quality Policy 4
III Goals 4
IV General Information 4
V Central Facilities 8
VI GNI Highlights 10
VII Guidelines, Rules & Regulations of campus 25
VIII Training & Placement 34
IX Library 35
X Student Activities 36
XI Contact Information 39
XII Committees 40
XIII Class Mentors List 41
XIV Academic Calendar 42
DEPARTMENT INFORMATION
I Vision, Mission & Quality Policy 43
II About the Department 43
III PEO’s, PO’s and Mapping of PEO’s & PO’s 47
Subject Information includes:
 Syllabus
 Consolidated Unit Wise Lesson Plan
 University Question Bank
 Answers for PART-A
 Objective Questions
 Assignment Questions-from University Question Bank

IV 1) Renewable energy systems 49

2) Production Planning and Control 72
3) Robotics 86
4) Refrigeration &Air Conditioning 110
5) CAD/CAM 145
6) CAD/CAM Lab 169
7) Refrigeration &Air Conditioning Lab 178
8) Mechanics of Solids & Metallurgy Lab 179
9) Fuels & Lubrication Lab 180
V R&D / Projects / Consultancy 180

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 TIME TABLE
(To be filled by the student with graphite pencil only)

I II III IV V VI VII
Day /
Perio
09:20- 10:15 11:05- 12:45- 01:30- 02:20- 03:10-
d 10:15 11:05 11:55 01:35 02:20 03:10 04:00

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thurs

Fri

Sat

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 MANAGEMENT
President,
Guru Nanak Educational Society,
Sardar Tavinder Singh Kohli
Chairman,
Guru Nanak Institutions.
Vice Chairman,
Sardar Gagandeep Singh Kohli
Guru Nanak Institutions
Managing Director,
Dr. Harvinder Singh Saini
Guru Nanak Institutions

Sardar Tavinder Singh Kohli-Chairman (Right) & Dr. H. S. Saini-Managing Director

Sardar Gagandeep Singh Kohli-Vice-Chairman (Left)
FUNCTIONAL HEADS

NAME DESIGNATION

Dr.M.Ramalinga Reddy Director

Prof. P.Parthasaradhy
Dr. R.K.Singh
Dr. Rishi Sayal
Dr. K. Chanthirasekaran
Dr. S. V. Ranganayakulu
Dr. D.Srinivas Reddy
Associate Director-I
Associate Director-II
Associate Director –III
Dean Academics
Dean R&D and FD
Dean(SW) & Controller of Exams

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I. VISION & MISSION
Vision:
To be a world-class educational and research institution in the service of humanity by promoting
high quality education in Engineering, Management and Pharmacy

Mission:
M1: Develop the faculty to reach the international standards.
M2: Maintain high academic standards and teaching quality that promotes the analytical thinking
and independent judgment.
M3: Promote research, innovation and product development by collaboration with reputed
foreign Universities.
M4: Offer collaborative industry program in emerging areas and spirit of enterprise.
M5: Improve employability potential through soft skills and technical skills

II. QUALITY POLICY

GNITC is committed to provide quality education through dedicated and talented faculty, world
class infrastructure, labs and updated research center to the students.

III. GOALS
 To evolve as an autonomous (Deemed University) institution offering viable programmes of
relevance for the upliftment of rural students and populace.
 To undertake Nationally and Internationally acknowledged Research and Development
works in all disciplines by forging alliances with research organizations, government
entities, industries and alumni.
 GNITC has taken strategic steps to ensure a gradual enhancement of all infrastructural
facilities to make the campus even more advanced to simply put it; it will soon resemble a
foreign university on this side of the globe.
 To achieve the status as provider of Quality Education and Excellent Research Center on par
with IISCs and IITs.
IV GENERAL INFORMATION
A. Location
Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus is located in the outskirts of Hyderabad, on
Nagarjuna Sagar highway, near Ibrahimpatnam. The campus is located on a sprawling and lush
green campus with a congenial atmosphere for learning. The premises are spread over 50 acres
of scenic land. The open spaces, lawns and gardens supplement to elevate the grandeur of the
environment and provide calm and peaceful atmosphere conducive for academic pursuits.

B. Promoter Society
Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus is one of the campuses of Guru Nanak Institutions
sponsored by Guru Nanak Educational Society, which have been founded to educate, enrich
and empower the youth who in turn will play a decisive role in shaping the destiny of the nation.
The endeavor at the Institution stretches beyond just offering degrees to the building of
character and personality of the young professionals transforming them into complete
professionals equipped with technological competence and social consciousness.

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More Than a Decade of Academic Excellence
In a short span of twelve years, GNI has achieved many impressive milestones that are worth
mentioning. GNI emphatically states, academic excellence is a direct result of serious
commitment to uncompromising quality. Adding a new professional college year on year, GNI
scaled to new heights purely based on collective efforts and team work. At GNI the
management and the faculty share the same vision which says ‘Excellence in Education”.

GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS

HYDERABAD:
 Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus
School of Engineering and Technology
(NBA Accredited & NAAC Accredited)
School of Management {Guru Nanak Institute of PG Studies (MBA)}
School of Pharmacy (Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmacy)
 Guru Nanak Institute of Technology
 Panineeya Hospital, Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre
 Guru Nanak Business School
 Guru Nanak School of Management

NAGPUR:
 Guru Nanak Institute of Engineering & Technology
 Guru Nanak Institute of Engineering & Management
 The Edify School, DRS Education

ROORKEE:
 Hermes College of Engineering & Management
 Hermes Business School

Global Academic Partners:

 DEAKIN UNIVERSITY AUSTRALIA
 UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD
 NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY
 NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY
 PITSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY
 VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY
 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY, EDWARDSVILLE
 BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY
 NEW YORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
 FEDERATION UNIVERSITY OF AUSTRALIA GNI is

now MICROSOFT certified Gold Partner.

C. Growth of the Institution:

Guru Nanak Engineering College was established in the year 2001 with the sole objective of
providing a perfect platform to students in the field of Technology and Management to invent
applications for their academic and overall personality development. Within a span of 12 years,
GNEC has come a long way to become one of the Premiere Engineering Colleges in the state
with an overall intake of more than 2500 students in various Undergraduate and Post Graduate

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Courses including B.Tech.,M.Tech., M.B.A. and M.C.A. GNEC is an NBA, NAAC accredited

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and ISO 9001 certified institution with state-of-the-art laboratories, highly qualified and
dedicated teaching professionals and a sprawling lush green campus with a congenial
atmosphere for learning. As part of expansion of GNI, Guru Nanak Institute of Postgraduate
Studies in Management Studies and Guru Nanak Institute of PG studies in Computer
Applications was started in 2005, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmacy was started in 2006 and
Guru Nanak Institute of Engineering & Technology was started in 2010.

In the year 2013 a new gem was mounted in the crown of Guru Nanak Institutions. Five
colleges of GNI main campus Guru Nanak Engineering College, Guru Nanak Institute of
Engineering & Technology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmacy, GNIPG – MBA and GNIPG –
MCA were integrated to a Technical Campus in the name of “Guru Nanak Institutions
Technical Campus”.

In the year 2016, GNITC has become an Autonomous Institution which is one step towards the
University Status in coming years. With such landmark achievements already in place, GNI is
poised to go farther and higher in its endeavors – dedicated completely to the cause of quality
education – a mission that GNI practices every day.

The campus has a rich tradition of soaring high with academic excellence and overall personal
growth of the students. This is achieved by providing to them excellent academic environment,
state-of-the-art infrastructure and dedicated and highly qualified faculty members with decades
of teaching and industrial experience. Currently, ours is the only accredited private institute
in Telangana with NAAC A + by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

Guru Nanak Institute of Technology was established in the year 1999 with the sole objective
of providing a perfect platform to the students in the field of Technology and Management
applications for their academic and overall personality development. GNIT has become one of
the Premiere Engineering Colleges in the state with an overall intake of 732 students in various
Undergraduate and Post Graduate Courses including B. Tech., M. Tech and M.B.A.

Courses @ GNITC

UG COURSES PG COURSES
B. Tech. CSE M.Tech(CSE)
B. Tech. ECE
B. Tech. IT
B. Tech. EEE
B. Tech. Mechanical M.Tech(TE)
B Tech. Civil
B. Tech. Aeronautical
MBA (Specializations: HR, Finance and Marketing)
B.Pharmacy
M.Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics)
Pharma D

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HIGHLIGHTS:

Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus has been granted Autonomous status by
University Grants Commission, India and Conferred by Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University Hyderabad.

• High Academic Results and 80 % placements.

• Largest number of PhD Qualified and Research minded faculty.
• Andhra Pradesh’s (prior to bifurcation of state) first campus to become Microsoft Gold
Partner for Corporate Internships and Placements
• Tie-ups with Global Universities for Student exchange programmes, Scholarships and
Higher studies
• Established Centers of Excellence:
o Computational Civil Engineering
o Embedded Systems in collaboration with Texas Instruments
o 3D Printing
• Established Centers for Expertise:
o Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation
o Acoustic Emission
o Geomatics
o Mobile Application Development
• Established Innovation Centers:
o Robotics and Industrial Controls
o Solar Application Development
o SAE BAHA
o Big Data
• Incubation Centers:
o Entrepreneurship Incubation Center
o Engineering Incubation Centre

Awards and Achievements

1. The only private Institution in the State, to be accredited with NAAC A + by National
Assessment and Accreditation Council.
2. Most of the offered courses are NBA accredited
3. A multifaceted institution having tie-ups with Global Universities
4. Industry based Training with 13 Centers of Excellence
5. Recognized as “ Quality Professional Institution of the Year, Telangana” and was
conferred with “ Certificate of Excellence Award” at the Global Quality Awards
6. Received the “ Award for Educational Excellence” at the Indo-Global Education
Summit
7. Awarded “ The Excellent Campus Recruitment in the State” at the National Education
Summit & Award supported by Department of MNRE, GOI, Department of MSME –
GOI, AICTE, Association of Indian Universities, JNTUA
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D. Future Plans
GNI with its progressive views and visionary zeal has plans for continuous and sustained
growth, and to gain the numerous statuses in all aspects. Having a huge campus with the state-
of-the-art facilities, the institute is trying to get Deemed University status for which the process
is under progress. The campus is also planning to collaborate with MNCs and reputed
Universities within India and abroad to facilitate the students to get acquainted with the latest
trends in their respective engineering fields.

V. CENTRAL FACILITIES
1. Buildings
GNI Campus consists of various departments which are established in spacious well
built blocks. Each block with well-ventilated classrooms, staff rooms, labs, libraries,
drinking water, toilets facility, other amenities and also equipped with Wi-Fi facility.
2. Internet Facility
Apart from the internet facility, 1200 systems are connected to the Central server.
Students can access the facility at all working hours and after hours as part of their
research and practical work and for seminars & conferences that will be held from time
to time. It provides access to e-books, study materials, previous question papers,
teaching schedules, internal marks, attendance reports, daily circulars etc. Through the
college Local Area Network (LAN), the internet facility with 20Mbps connection is
available to students 24X7.
3. Open-Air Auditorium
A huge open-air auditorium with a capacity of over 2500 has been constructed in the
campus to enable the conduct of all types of meetings, seminars, cultural activities and
all other celebrations like Annual Day, Orientation Programmes etc.
4. Air – Cooled Auditorium
An Air - Cooled Auditorium is available in the campus that can comfortably seat 600
students – this is the ideal seating for holding seminars, workshops, interactive sessions,
National and International Conferences and various other events.

5. Bank
To provide an easy access to deposit and withdraw of money, there is an exclusive bank
counter in the campus. Students who have the accounts with respective bank are given
ATM cards. Additionally, the bank also extends student loans that can be obtained by the
parents of the students for the education of their children. The ATM is available on
campus.
6. Sports
Students are encouraged to engage in physical education for their all-round
development. They are encouraged to participate in inter-college competitions and also
offer themselves for selection to the University team. Cricket, Volley ball and Foot ball
grounds along with a spacious Student Activity Center for indoor sporting facilities are
provided. An annual Sports day is conducted and prizes are awarded to teams and
individuals who prove their mettle.

7. Canteen
College Canteen “Refuel” provides delicious and hygienic food at affordable prices.
South Indian, North Indian and Chinese food, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian items
are available.
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8. Drinking Water
Water treatment plant is erected in the campus to cater to the drinking water needs of the
students and staff. Purified drinking water is supplied to all the departments / blocks
through water coolers made available in each building.
9. Hostel
The hostel is the second home for the students who come from far off places. All hostel
rooms furnished with modern furniture to provide comfort for students. Facilities
available at the hostel:
 Sports room
 Internet center
 24hrs. Internet in the rooms
 Solar water heating system
 Entertainment room
 Gym and Indoor sports
 Drinking water treatment plant
 Two generators for power backup and security arrangements
 A separate library
 Separate Mess for Boys and Girls
Girls Hostel
Exclusive girls’ Hostel with lady warden and separate mess with total security is available
in the campus. Wi-Fi, internet centre and separate library is available in the hostel.
10. Transport - College Buses
College has its own fleet of 60 buses plying from all corners of the twin cities. They are
comfortable, safe and fast. Please visit: www.gniindia.org for bus routes. Students can
deposit fee with the accounts department for availing the bus facility. A number of
APSRTC buses are also available to reach the college well in time. APSRTC will issue
Bus passes after the commencement of the class work.

11. Medical Facilities

College has a tie-up with a medical practitioner, who is available in the college. First
Aid kits with emergency medicines are made available in all the departments. Full time
nursing assistant is available in the campus.

12. Seminar Halls

College has dedicated and well-furnished seminar halls, where activities like Student
Seminars, Group Discussions, and Mock Interviews etc are conducted.
13. Gymnasium
The college has a modern Gym with the latest equipment for fitness enthusiasts to flex
their muscles and get in shape – body, mind and soul together.
14. Guest House
Modern Guest house with excellent class furniture is constructed to provide the
accommodation for Trainers, Expert Faculty, Visiting Faculty, Foreign University
Professors, Parents and VIPs.

15. Faculty Quarters

Well furnished Two Bed Room, Single Bed Room and Bachelor rooms for faculty have
been constructed inside the campus. This will be much useful for research scholars and
faculty those who love to live in pollution free with greenery.

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 VI. GNI HIGHLIGHTS

(A) Earn While Learn Scheme:

Earn While Learn is a unique programme which would enable students to work closely with
various departments of the organization thus developing their skills apart from earning through
the same. Earn While Learn would enable students to attain managerial skills, administrative
skills, leadership skills, communication skills (written and oral) etc. thus being a better
individual. Eligibility:
 Students should be a resident of GNI hostel (can be relaxed for meritorious students)
 Student should be having all clear subjects at B Tech II level and should be in B Tech/ B.
Pharma (III/IV year). M Tech (non faculty)/ M Pharma/MBA/MCA students of all
semesters are eligible for scheme. Students need to maintain minimum 75%
attendance.

Job Description:
Under the scheme the students could be engaged by Guru Nanak Institutions for jobs in the
following areas:
a) Laboratories, b) Library, c) Offices
In the labs/workshops the students can be engaged for making them responsible for handling the
equipment/machinery, upkeep etc. In the library jobs they can be used to do cataloguing,
arrangement and display of books, repair of damaged books, issue and return of books etc. In
the offices they can be used for jobs like preparation of statements, maintenance of service
records, compilation of data, preparation of bills, store inventory, student’s attendance, hostel
records, sending of letters to parents, making calls to parents, escorting delegates for various
events, participating in various education fair etc. Since the students are having knowledge of
computer, skill can be utilized in a positive way and increasing efficiency. The above job
descriptions are only illustrative and not exhaustive.

Rules and Regulations:

 Equal opportunity to all students is given at GNI.
 A student can work maximum up to 10 hours a week, provided allowed by
higher authorities in special cases. However students can work up to 30 hours a
week in Summer/Winter breaks.
 Student will register (on Performa available) for this scheme at department of
Training, Placement and Industrial relations.
 Opportunity will be given at first come first serve basis.
 Maximum 20 UG and 15 PG will be provided work/experience.
 Student can earn maximum of Rs 500 in a day.
 Scope of work and duration would be decided by the reporting officer who is
deputing the student for the job.
 Training /discussion period will also be included.

Compensation Rate:
FOR UG STUDENTS: Rs 75 per hour
FOR PG STUDENTS: Rs 100 per hour

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Experience:

Students will be given certificate of work experience a ‘Teaching Associate ’ or ‘Admin Associate ’ after
completion of 100 hour of work

(B) Innovation Centre

Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus has established the Innovation Centre exclusively
for Research, trainings and consultancy in multidisciplinary Engineering and Sciences. The
main objective of establishing centre is to provide exposure and participation to faculty and
students to the research activities through Centers of Excellence enabling them to teach and
learn from a higher platform, acquisition of new knowledge, create specialized product
development and testing laboratories with leading edge technologies.

13 centers of excellence are established in the campus to promote the research,

consultancy and trainings
1. Adobe Creative Technology Academy
2. Internet of Things
3. Robotics & Industrial Applications
4. Big Data
5. Mobile Computing
6. Software Development
7. VLSI and Embedded Systems
8. Non-Destructive Evaluation
9. BAJA SAE
10. 3D Printing
11. Geomatics
12. Computational Civil Engineering
13. Solar Applications

1. Adobe Creative Technology Academy

GNI PARTNERS WITH ADOBE TO OFFER ADD-ON

SPECIALIZATION IN UI/UX
Adobe,a $ 107 Bn (Rs. 7 Lakh Crore) company, world's third 3rd biggest software giant is
opening a 10,000 people facility at Hyderabad and an Artificial Intelligence Lab. As IT industry
is re- skilling, there will be a large number of jobs in the area of UI & UX (User Interface and
User Experience) for fresh graduates in the span of next 4-5 years. While automation is taking
away jobs in certain areas, UI/UX is one of the few key skill areas where the number of jobs are
increasing. Keeping this in mind, GNI is the leading education institutes in India to sign an
agreement with Adobe to setup One-of-its-Kind Center offering internships, courses, mini-
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projects and major-projects to B. Tech. students as an Add-on specialization to the B. Tech
Degree. The add-on will make them highly employable in the new areas like UI & UX. The
UI/UX skills are in great demand with highest pay packages in the industry. Only a couple of
top institutions across India are offering few subjects where the demand is very high.

Adobe,a $ 107 Bn (Rs. 7 Lakh Crore) company, world's third 3rd biggest software giant is
opening a 10,000 people facility at Hyderabad and an Artificial Intelligence Lab. As IT industry
is re- skilling, there will be a large number of jobs in the area of UI & UX (User Interface and
User Experience) for fresh graduates in the span of next 4-5 years. While automation is taking
away jobs in certain areas, UI/UX is one of the few key skill areas where the number of jobs are
increasing. Keeping this in mind, GNI is the leading education institutes in India to sign an
agreement with Adobe to setup One-of-its-Kind Center offering internships, courses, mini-
projects and major-projects to B. Tech. students as an Add-on specialization to the B. Tech
Degree. The add-on will make them highly employable in the new areas like UI & UX. The
UI/UX skills are in great demand with highest pay packages in the industry. Only a couple of
top institutions across India are offering few subjects where the demand is very high.

GNI aims to transform ‘Fresh Graduates’ into ‘Skilled Engineers’.

2. Internet of Things

Internet of Things is among the newest technology in the industrial and development sector. It
has created a huge wave and influenced the manner we communicate and share the information.
The IoT technology connects devices to each other, and to the people who use it in their daily
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life. Leading Industries have transformed their development towards Internet of Things;
therefore, companies are in search of professionals who have strong fundamental knowledge in
the concepts

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of Internet of Things. With specialization in this field, the young and talented graduates can
develop lucrative IT careers.

Internet of Things (IoT) has already transformed the way the world works. Just take a look at
the way things are becoming smart and autonomous – most of the IoT devices don’t need human
intervention anymore - they can self-maintain, self-propel and self-drive. A car is becoming
smart enough to avoid sudden mishaps. The cameras on the road are intelligent enough to take
pictures of any casualty and inform the emergency team, or the police. All this is possible
because of sensors, microcontrollers, and network security embedded in IoT objects. This is
why IoT is seen as the next big thing in technology, which will transform the employment
landscape in the IT industry.

Between 2014 and 2017, the demand for IoT talent has accelerated by 300%. With IoT fast
approaching, Gartner predicted that by 2020 there would be more than 50 billion devices
connected to the Internet of Things. These are the professionals who keep an eagle eye on the
execution part of the project. Their job roles vary from development to marketing. They
collaborate with development teams to take care of
business requirements and implementations.

3. Robotics & Industrial Applications

500 plus students have successfully completed their mini and major projects.

The technology of Robotics deals with building automated machines that replace humans in
dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance,
behavior, and/or cognition. Guru Nanak Institutions has established robotics center of
excellence with focus on pneumatics, electronics and mechanical section. This center consists of
connectors and fittings with respect to the entities like union straight, different diameter and
elbow to list out few.

The preparation includes training on robots, sensors, micro controllers with separate guidance
for mechanical and non-mechanical engineers. It covers modules on Hacksaw aluminum
sections, design of chassis, grippers. For non-mechanical engineers, design of micro controllers
with different sensors and design of motor drivers are offered. The exercise includes practical
exposure to manufacturing, assembling and control of robots through software (pneumatic
simulation and Google sketch up. Around 10 faculties are involved in training the students.

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Some of the innovative and creative projects developed by our students include:

 Intelligent fire fighting robot

 Pneumatic powered robotic crane
 Miniaturized Mars rover
 Collision avoidance robot
 Wireless surveillance robot
 Pick and place robot

Big-Data (Analytics) & Mobile Computing

600 plus students have successfully completed their mini and major projects.

4. BIG-DATA (ANALYTICS)

BIG DATA center of excellence has been established with Big data appliances with multicore
SDMOS, DB SERVER, WEB SERVER and 30 client machines for training aspects. Students
are taught advanced oncepts of BIG DATA like Hadoop Distributed File System and
MapReduce framework. They get a hands on experience on setting up a Hadoop Cluster,
programming and Data Loading Techniques using Sqoop and Flume OOZIE and NoSql.

Few of the projects which have been executed by our students for various industrial
sectors include:
 Data analysis on customer complaints
 Criminal data set analysis
 Log analysis
 Social network data set analysis
 Weather Dashboard

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5. MOBILE COMPUTING

350 plus students have successfully completed their mini and major projects.

Mobile computing center of excellence has been established with mobile application life
management tool suite and app development emulators for OEM’s through Samsung, Nokia,
Google, Motorola. The 7-week training program includes installation of node.js, apache, SDK
by hard core industry experts from Nokia, Samsung. The training involves discussions related to
the pros and cons of different frameworks. High importance is given to app development. At the
end of the training program, students will be able to implement, test and launch the application
as their final project. Around 6 faculties are involved in training the students.

Some of the innovative projects done by our students include numerous mobile apps along
with number of gaming apps. Few worth mentioning as real time apps are:

 Daily expense app

 Device tracking
 Component converter
 Traffic signal app

6. Software Development

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JAVA is one of the most used programming languages in IT and software companies worldwide.
The training of Advance JAVA course introduces students to web Applications. JEE 6, JAVA
servlets, JAVA platform and programming skills. JAVA is everywhere on phones, embedded
technology, robotics, and applets. Due to the huge requirement and growing demand for
responsive web application development, JAVA professionals are in demand. Our training is
specially designed to let students become expert creators for network and web applications. A
trained student can join the industry as an Advance JAVA Developer, Advance JAVA
programmer, or an Advance JAVA Consultant.

Numerous Java based projects handle different domains such as

cloud computing data mining

 network security
 networking
 mobile computing
 software engineering
 Image Processing
 Grid Computing
 Multimedia
 J2EE

This 78-hours course is designed for current developers who wish to upgrade to the latest Java 8.

Few of the projects on which students are trained/guided by experts from industry on
various domains:
 Cloud Computing
 Networking
 Data Mining
 Network Security
 Software Engineering

.NET is in other words the future of web technology. Our training course focuses on
introduction to .NET, ADO.NET and ASP.NET. Students are being trained in Web Application
using ASP
.NET,Web services, Data Binding, State Management, IIS6 and IIS7 authorization. Few of the
projects implemented by our students are IEEE research based which are further extended to
innovative ideas.

7. VLSI & Embedded Systems

The trainings in Embedded System technologies are related to Electronics, Electrical, Computer
and Mechanical fields. They offer set of tools to deal with the Design and Manufacturing issues
at commercial & industrial level.

Our training includes introduction to:

 Embedded systems
 LCD,
 7 segment displays
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 LEDs

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  Bluetooth technologies
 GSM and RFID modules
 Exposure to VSP software
 LCD interfacing, programming
 micro controllers,
 Installation of required software

650 plus students have successfully completed their mini and major projects. Around
20 faculties are involved in training the students.

A hands on experience is provided on building up a research project kit for understanding the
implementation.

Following are few of the innovative and research projects designed and developed by our
students as part of major project:

 Smart energy saving system for roads

 PC/LAPTOP based wireless security system with appliance control
 Smart automated system for house using Bluetooth
 Smart Energy Management System

8. Non-Destructive Evaluation

This center was established to study the quality assurance of aero space and nuclear engineering
materials. Basic NDT methods such as magnetic particle inspection, liquid penetrant test, visible
inspection and ultra sonic flaw detector are installed to study the various defects of metal
materials. This center is supported by department of atomic energy under Nuclear Fusion
programme and AICTE under RPS programme.

Non Destructive Testing- Training

CNDE offers training to the students to get exposure in Non destructive testing and evaluation.
The course curriculum for design and development of real time projects consists of the
following methods:

 Liquid Particle Inspection

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  Visual Particle Inspection
 Magnetic Particle Inspection
 Ultrasonic Flaw Detector
 Acoustic Emission setup

500 plus students have successfully completed their mini and major projects. Around
15 faculties are involved in training the students.

Rs 29.55 Lakh & Rs 17 Lakh Research Grants have been funded by BRFST under DAE under
Nuclear Fusion Programme and AICTE respectively.

9. Baja SAE

BAJA SAE India is a National Level Inter-collegiate event where the objective is to provide
graduate students with a challenging project that helps them acquire design experience, hands-
on manufacturing skills and in-depth technical knowledge. The objective of the competition is
to build an All Terrain Vehicle which is supposed to compete in a series of off-road
competitions. The judges are veteran automotive engineers from GM, Cummins and John
Deere; putting students face-to- face with some of the most experienced people in the industry.
It provides an appropriate forum to gain unparalleled real world experience.

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32
GNI established centre for developing vehicles to be part of BAJA SAE and other national
level inter college events. In this project students learn and gain experience in designing,
machining, fabricating and financing real time reliable vehicle and also communicating
with vendors, suppliers and sponsors. SAE India Baja gives an exposure to various
automotive items.

Project Offered
 Designing and Fabrication of All Terrain Vehicle

Student Centric Training Methodology

Two faculties provide guidance to the students. Twenty-four Mechanical Engineering students
associated with Team Wraith Racing completed this powerful training module. For four years
the team has been participating in the event SAE BAJA sponsored and hosted by automotive
giants such as Mahindra and Mahindra, Chevrolet.

10.3 D Printing & Geomatics

350 plus students have successfully completed their mini and major projects. Around
8 faculties are involved in training the students.

3D PRINTING
Centre of Excellence for 3D – Printing has been established in Guru Nanak Institutions in the
year 2013. 3D printing also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Rapid Prototyping
(RP). 3D - printing realizes complex objects in layers directly from their CAD definitions. Two
higher end Fused Deposition Technology (FDT) printers installed in the center. These printers
consist of exceptional smart key features, such as dual extrusion, multi-material support, Wi-Fi
and ETHERNET, auto power lost recovery, touch screen, and leveling free.

Typical Applications of 3D Printers @ GNI

 Automobile, aircraft component design, manufacturing and assembly

 Consumer durable
 Special purpose machinery design
 Electrical and electronic equipment design
 Accessory design and manufacturing for fashion designers
 Shoe making
 Pattern making for casting

33
 Toy making

34
  Statue making and sculpting
 Furniture making
 Defence equipment design and manufacturing

11. GEOMATICS

350 plus students have successfully completed their mini and major projects and around
8 faculties are involved in training the students.

GNI has established this center with an aim to train the students in the field of Remote Sensing,
GIS & Surveying. The students are being trained with the Arc-GIS software in the center. The
training covers wide applications on remote sensing, preparation of geo database and work on
Google earth, geo referencing.

Few of the real time projects where students have shown their skills are:

 Identification of accident zones in Hyderabad Between L B Nagar to Himayat Nagar

Slum free city
 planning using RS
 GIS Intelligent transport system
 GIS Proposal of new water retaining structures for Ranga Reddy district
 RS and GIS Surveying & Mapping of GNI by total station ArcGIS

12. Computational Civil Engineering

This center of excellence consists with 24 BENTLEY’s Academic Perpetual offering Solution.
GNITC is the first institute to place entire range of products provided by Bentley Inc. USA. The
list of softwares include Structural solutions like STAAD Pro, 3D CAD design, MXROAD
(Transportation solutions), 3D IMAGING & MAPPING Solutions, BUILDING
INFORMATION MODELING solutions and WATER & WASTE WATER solutions.

These applications are useful for construction organizations. The students are trained on these
applications from second year to final year (i.e., all semesters) to enhance their computational
knowledge in the Civil Engineering and improve their employment opportunities.

35
36
 300 plus students have successfully completed their mini and major projects. Around
8 faculties are involved in training the students.
They learn extensively on 2D and 3D frame modeling, geometric tools, analysis and design of
circular dooms and 3D frames. Design of duplex building the students have been able to get
trained on the STAAD Pro software and work on real time projects like:

 Design of a residential building

 Design of a public building
 Design analysis of earth quake resistant commercial building
 Design of model school building
 Design of shopping malls & shopping complexes

13. Solar Applications & DECODE IT-Park

400 plus students have successfully completed their mini and major projects. Around
9 faculties are involved in training the students.

SOLAR APPLICATIONS
Guru Nanak Institutions has established solar power center of excellence with focus on
awareness of green power, to excel in research area of solar power and generate various
research applications as major projects for 4th year students.

Students are trained on a simulation machine on the following aspects:

 Parameters effecting the generation of solar power
 Designing the solar generating plant

37
 Working of charge controllers like MPPT & PWM

38
  Knowledge regarding the conversion from DC-DC to DC-AC at different levels
 Usage of above parameters as knowledge base in fabrication of solar based projects.

Students are able to work on research projects like:

 Automated control of home appliances by solar power
 Solar water pumping system
 Design and development of low cost solar energy system for rural area
 Solar power based bicycle
 Design of solar panel energy measurement system

DECODE IT-PARK

Decode IT-Park inaugurated by Honorable K. T. Rama Rao

Minister of Information Technology, Government of Telangana Centre.

Digital Engineering Center for Offshore and Domestic Enterprise (DECODE) IT Park

India's First IT Park Within an Institute Campus Providing Part Time Employment to
Current Students & Full Time Employment to Passed out Engineers.

 A full fledged IT park where companies employ and train students.

 Fix the employability skills problem & technical skills problem.
 Students can attend interviews with multiple companies.
 Students can join a different company in a new academic year.
 Once employed students should complete employment formalities.
 Students will be paid industry salary and will be given employment certificates.

(C) Entrepreneur Development Cell:

The GNI-EDC functions as a regular department and the communication network processes via
edc@gniindia.org
 Gifteria- www.gifteria.co android app at play store GIFTERIA
 Flush Farmers- in Association with agricultural and Marketing department of Telangana
State
 Enlighten- a portal for Student Learning Engineering Course via ONLINE LECTURE
VIDEOS of GNI experts
 MEDICAL STORE under Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendra being charged by
39
BPPI for GNI campus and common public

40
  GNI ‘s Institutional DATABASE Startup for List of colleges and Universities under
AICTE and UGC for 40,000 Links
 Blue Planet Herbs in association with HERITAGE for Promoting Green Wheat grass for
health
benefits

Currently, Entrepreneurship is the buzzword. Globally every country attracts creative

and edgy entrepreneurs to develop business communities, to boost innovation and overall
growth of the economy.

We at GNI, actively encourage students to take up tasks of courage and build on break
through ideas as they have several start up ideas. We are proud of the following creative
talents that have emerged.

Fire Breathing Racers

This is a team of Mechanical Engineering students of GNITC is striving in designing and

fabricating GO-KART Vehicle competing in International Series of Karting (ISK). An event is
initiated by Mean Metal Motors for under graduates from across the world to build and race
their own Go-Karts.

Team Super Ignite

This fabulous team has proven to be a challenging and successful platform for the Mechanical
Students of GNIT towards designing and fabricating various automobiles. The team takes part
in various design challenges organized by different organizations across the globe.

Flush Farmers T-Hub

It is a venture firm started by the team of Electronics and Communication Engineering students
of GNI. The Android Application of Flush Farmers is inaugurated by Honorable Minister, Shri
Thanneeru Harish Rao, Cabinet Minister for Irrigation, Telangana State, India.

Gifteria
Gifteria is the first student venture into Make in India initiative in Booming technology
solutions. The venture aims to meet the exponential growing demands of online store for variety
gifts for every occasion. The team strives for launching all new GIFTERIA APP & WEB
PORTAL with advanced features.

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“LEARNING IS A TREASURE THAT WILL FOLLOW ITS OWNER EVERY WHERE.
GNI IMPARTS THAT TREASURE”.

42
(D) IUCEE activities of the Campus:

GNITC is conducting webinars, interaction with professors from universities of USA

universities as part of IUCEE collaboration-

IUCEE Student chapter leaders

Chapter secretary GauravBaid, TY, CSE

Joint Secretary AbhilashKulkarni, TY, IT
Internal Affairs Officer ChandanDadwar, TY, IT
Finance Officer Rahul Reddy, TY, CSE

IUCEE Student chapter leaders (Guru Nanak Institute of Technology)

Chapter secretary ChanchalGanrai, CSE 3rd Year

Joint Secretary L.Manish, IT 2nd Year
Internal Affairs Officer Kirandevikar, CSE 2nd Year
Finance Officer B.Alekhya, IT 2nd Year

(E) Industry Institute Partnership (IIP) programmes

1. Oracle Work Force Development Programme

Oracle Corporations Work Force Development Program (WDP) is a unique programme which
is utilized to address the skill shortage challenge in the global Information Technology Industry.
Oracle is providing training to faculty and students at low cost so that they are able to enhance
their skill sets. The students after undergoing this programme are more employable and become
tech savvy. The faculties on the other end learn new technologies and keep abreast with the
growing scenario.

1.1 The modules conducted by Oracle include:

 Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL 1.1

 Introduction to Oracle9i: SQL 1.1
 Data Warehousing Fundamentals 1.0
 Data warehouse Database Design
 Oracle9i Database Administration Fundamentals I, 2.0
 Oracle 9i Database Administration Fundamentals II, 2.0
 Oracle9i Forms Developer: Build Internet Applications
 Oracle9iAS: Discoverers for End Users 4.0
 Oracle9i Database Performance Tuning 2.1 etc.

(F) Microsoft Faculty Connect Summer School

This is a unique programme which is launched by Microsoft to help the academicians build
upon their knowledge on the new technology front. This is of significance importance as it
presents an opportunity for faculty members to build bridges with industry as well as network
with their peers. In addition, Faculty will be able to gain recognition from their peers as they get
43
invited to attend this exclusive Symposium which is planned to be held annually.

44
Topics Include:
Cloud Computing, Windows Phone, Windows 8, .NET, Developer Tools, Lync, SharePoint,
Office 365, Xbox 360+Kinect technology, Accessibility etc.

(G) Infosys Campus Connect Programme:

Campus Connect is an Infosys sponsored industry-academia collaboration program to align

engineering student competencies with industry needs. Infosys, in this Campus Connect
program, shares with academia its mature technology training methods, courseware, student
project samples and other such learning resources that have been developed, practiced and
perfected over the last 15 years. Campus Connect helps the students in applying their learning to
practical situations, with special emphasis on teamwork, project management, cross functional
networking and effective communication.

(H) Guru Nanak Institutions tie up with Skill Matters

GNITC has tied up with Skill Matters for the development of its students. After these trainings
the students are more employable and this has been seen from the excellent track record of
placements for 2012 batch. Guru Nanak Institutions runs exclusive Center of Excellence with
Skill Matters which provides all the resources to its students to be more employable and more
effective in the turbulent times of economic turmoil and growth.

VII. GUIDELINES, RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE CAMPUS

A. General:
1. Dress Code
Students should be dressed in a presentable manner. T-Shirts with round neck are not
allowed. Students have to follow the department dress code on Monday, Tuesday and
Wednesday.
2. Ragging and Indiscipline
Ragging is strictly banned / prohibited on campus. Any student who found guilty would
be dealt with severe punishments. All senior students of this college have been warned
about ragging, a written undertaking has been taken from all senior students. There is
zero tolerance for ragging. Students are advised to be aware of students of other
colleges. Students who misbehave with staff or other students will also be dealt with
severely. Students involving in indecent acts like smoking, consuming liquor and
involving in fights may be suspended up to one semester /academic year. Separate buses
will be provided for first year students.
3. College Timings
The College starts at 09:20 a.m. and ends at 04:10 p.m. with a 50 minutes break for the
First year / Third year students at 12;00 noon. andSecond year / Fourth year students at
12.50 p.m. Students should reach the college well before the time and must be in the
class by 09:20 a.m. Students should not move outside without permission when the class
work is in progress.
4. Bonafide Certificates
The Academic branch will issue bonafide certificates for bus passes and other purposes
to the college students.
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46
5 Bus Passes
Administrative officer will attest APSRTC bus pass applications. College bus Id-cards
will be issued by the transport in-charge.
6. Notices/Notice Boards
Students are expected to see the College notice boards, Department notice board and
Lab notice board regularly. The Main notice board is placed near the Administration
Building.
7. Original Certificates
The Original certificates of each student have to be deposited with the college and the
same will be returned after the completion of the course.
8. Memorandum of Marks
The memorandum of marks of a particular year / semester will be issued once they are
received from the University by the Examination branch at the respective Department
offices.
9. Intimation of Change of Address
Students are asked to intimate the change in Address / Phone number immediately, if
any, to the academic branch through their Class Mentor or HOD.
10. Wearing ID cards
Wearing ID cards is mandatory for all the students as long as they are in the college
premises. They will not be allowed to attend the classes and labs or write the
examinations without the identity cards.
11. Obtaining Gate Passes
Students found bunking classes or leaving the college without prior permission will not be
permitted to attend the classes the next day, till proper explanation is given by the
student and the parent / guardian to the concerned Head of the Department.
12. Ban on Usage of Mobile Phones
No student shall use the cell phone during instruction periods in the college campus. If
any student is found violating this rule, a stern disciplinary action will be taken. All
students are permitted to carry a simple mobile without any special features like camera,
MP3 or FM.
13. Absenteeism
No student shall absent from the class without prior permission of the HOD. If a student
is absent for three days continuously without reason/prior permission, disciplinary action
will be taken. The Student must submit leave application in advance to the HOD, if
he/she wants to go on leave for a day on some valid reason.
14. Electronic Items for Music and Entertainment
No musical gadgets shall be allowed in the college campus. If any student found using
such items, the items would be seized and severe disciplinary action will be initiated.
15. Discipline in Buses
The students must commute in the allocated buses. In case of emergency they will be
permitted to change route, with the permission of the concerned authority/bus in- charge.
If any student behavior is objectionable to the staff/ other students then suitable
disciplinary action will be taken. No student is permitted to travel without bus ID.
16. Late Comers
No student shall come late to the class. In case late to the class, the student may be
permitted to attend the class with the permission of the respective Department Head. If
the student is a regular late comer, appropriate disciplinary action will be taken.
17. Interaction with seniors
To curb the practice of ragging on the pretext of interaction, the junior students are
instructed not to meet the seniors and engage in any sort of conversation. The students
are instructed not to spend their time with the seniors even if they are known or related
47
to them.

48
18. Leave / Sick Leave
The student must intimate to the concerned HOD, the reason for being absent and submit
the medical certificate on the following day, if the absence is on medical grounds.
Disciplinary action will be initiated if any student is absent without any intimation to the
Class teacher/ HOD for more than three days.
19. Assignments / Lab Records Submission
The students are supposed to submit their Lab records and Assignments given by the
concerned faculty and get them corrected and graded in time. Late submission is not
accepted.
B. Attendance:
Attendance Requirements
 A student shall be eligible to appear for University examinations if he/she acquires a
minimum of 75% of attendance in aggregate of all the subjects.
 A student will not be promoted to the next semester unless he/she satisfies the
attendance requirement. They may seek re-admission for the corresponding class
when offered next.
 Students whose shortage of attendance is not condoned are not eligible to take
their end examinations of that class and their registration shall stand cancelled.
C. Ragging:
Students should not involve in ragging. Ragging is uncivilized besides being an offence.
 Ragging is prohibited as per Act 26 of A.P. Legislative Assembly -1997.
 Ragging entails heavy fine and / or imprisonment.
 Ragging invokes suspension and dismissal from the college
 Outsiders are prohibited from entering the college and hostel without permission.
 Girl students must be in their hostel rooms by 6:00pm.
 Suspended students are debarred from entering the campus except when required
to attend enquiry and to submit an explanation.
 Whenever any student complains of ragging, that complaint shall be enquired into
or an enquiry will be made into the same forthwith and if the complaint is found
true, the student or students complained against shall be suspended for a period as
may be deemed necessary.
 Students have to give an undertaking to the college that he/she will not indulge in
ragging.
 Student’s parent/guardian will also give an undertaking that he / she will see to it
that to the best of his / her son / daughter / ward will not indulge in ragging and
also comply with all the guidelines, rules and regulations concerning prevention of
ragging.
 All students should carry identity cards with them both inside and outside the college.
 Two tiered Anti Ragging Committee has been constituted with a) HODs as members
and Principal as Chairman (High Power Committee) and b) Faculty, Staff and senior
students as members.
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PROHIBITION OF RAGGING
 Ragging within or outside any Educational Institution is prohibited.

50
  Ragging means doing an act which causes or is likely to cause insult or annoyance or
fear or apprehension or threat or intimidation or outrange of modesty or injury to a
student.

S.N
Nature of Ragging Punishment
o.
Teasing, embarrassing and Imprisonment upto 6 months or fine up
1
humiliating to Rs.1,000/-

Assaulting or using criminal force or Imprisonment upto 1 Year or fine up up

2
criminal intimidation Rs.2000/- or both.

Wrongly restraining or confining or Imprisonment up to 2 years or fine up to

3
causing hurt Rs.5000/- or both.
Causing grievous hurt kidnapping
Imprisonment up to 5 years and fine up
4 or raping or committing unnatural
to Rs.10,000/-
offence
Imprisonment up to 10 years and fine up
5 Causing death or abetting suicide
to Rs.50,000/-

Note:
 A student convicted of any of the above offences will be dismissed from the college.
 A student imprisoned for more than six months for any of the above offences will not
be admitted in any other college.
 If a student commits suicide due to or in consequence of ragging, the person who
commits such ragging shall be deemed to have abetted such suicide.
 The full text of Act 26 is placed in the college library.

D. Examinations:
Students are advised to refer the syllabus book given by the university to be aware of the
rules and regulations.
E. Malpractice:
Students should not indulge in any malpractice in the Internal/External examinations.
Malpractice cases are dealt as per the rules / guidelines as mentioned below by the JNT
University. A malpractice prevention committee consist the Principal, Head of the
Department of the concerned branch (to which malpractice student belongs), Officer In-
charge of Examinations and subject Teacher.

F. DSA activities
The department regularly organizes technical quiz, seminar, group discussions etc. as part of
promote curricular and extracurricular activities.

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52
DISCIPLINARY ACTION FOR MALPRACTICES/IMPROPER CONDUCT IN
EXAMINATIONS
Nature of Malpractices/Improper conduct
If the candidate:
1. Possesses or keeps accessible in examination
(a) hall, any paper, note book, programmable
calculators, Cell phones, pager, palm
computers or any other form of material
concerned with or related to the subject of the
examination (theory or practical) in which he
is appearing but has not made use of (material
shall include any marks on the body of the
candidate which can be used as an aid in the
subject of the examination)
Gives assistance or guidance or receives it
(b) from any other candidate orally or by any
other body language methods or
communicates through cell phones with any
candidate or persons in or outside the exam
hall in respect
of any matter.
2. Has copied in the examination hall from any
paper, book, programmable calculators, palm
computers or any other form of material
relevant to the subject of the examination
(theory or practical) in which the candidate is
appearing.
53
Punishment
Expulsion from the examination hall and
cancellation of the performance in that
subject only.
Expulsion from the examination hall and
cancellation of the performance in that
subject only of all the candidates
involved. In case of an outsider, he will be
handed over to the police and a case is
registered
against him.
Expulsion from the examination hall and
cancellation of the performance in that
subject and all other subjects the
candidate has already appeared including
practical examinations and project work
and shall not be permitted to appear for
the remaining examinations of the
subjects of that Semester/year. The Hall
Ticket of the
candidate is to be cancelled and sent to
the University.
3. Impersonates any other candidate
connection with the examination.
in The candidate who has impersonated shall
be expelled from examination hall. The
candidate is also debarred and forfeits the
seat. The performance of the original
candidate, who has been impersonated,
shall be cancelled in all the subjects of the
examination (including practicals and
project work) already appeared and shall
not be allowed to appear for examinations
of the remaining subjects of that
semester/year. The candidate is also
debarred for two consecutive semesters
from class work and all University
examinations. The continuation of the
course by the candidate is subject to the
academic regulations in connection with
forfeiture of seat. If the imposter is an
outsider, he will be handed over to the
police and a case is registered against
him.

54
4. Smuggles in the Answer book or additional Expulsion from the examination hall and
sheet or takes out or arranges to send out the cancellation of performance in that
question paper during the examination or subject and all the other subjects the
answer book or additional sheet, during or candidate has already appeared including
after the examination. practical examinations and project work
and shall not be permitted for the
remaining examinations of the subjects of
that semester/year. The candidate is also
debarred for two consecutive semesters
from class work and all University
examinations. The continuation of the
course by the candidate is subject to the
academic regulations in connection with
forfeiture of seat.
5. Uses objectionable, abusive or offensive Cancellation of the performance in that
language in the answer paper or in letters to subject.
the examiners or writes to the examiner
requesting
him to award pass marks.
6. Refuses to obey the orders of the Chief In case of students of the college, they
Superintendent/Assistant Superintendent / any shall be expelled from examination halls
officer on duty or misbehaves or creates and cancellation of their performance in
disturbance of any kind in and around the that subject and all other subjects the
examination hall or organizes a walk out or candidate(s) has (have) already appeared
instigates others to walk out, or threatens the and shall not be permitted to appear for
officer-in charge or any person on duty in or the remaining examinations of the
outside the examination hall of any injury to subjects of that semester/year. The
his person or to any of his relations whether candidates also are debarred and forfeit
by words, either spoken or written or by signs their seats. In case of outsiders, they will
or by visible representation, assaults the be handed over to the police and a police
officer- in-charge, or any person on duty in or case is registered against them.
outside the examination hall or any of his
relations, or indulges in any other act of
misconduct or mischief which result in
damage to or destruction of property in the
examination hall or any part of the College
campus or engages in any other act which in
the opinion of the officer on duty amounts to
use of unfair means or misconduct or has the
tendency to disrupt
the orderly conduct of the examination.

55
7. Leaves the exam hall taking away answer
script or intentionally tears of the script or any
part thereof inside or outside the examination
hall.
Expulsion from the examination hall and
cancellation of performance in that
subject and all the other subjects the
candidate has already appeared including
practical examinations and project work
and shall not be permitted for the
remaining examinations of the subjects of
that semester/year. The candidate is also
debarred for 2 consecutive semesters from
class work and all University
examinations. The continuation of the
course by the candidate is subject to the

56

8. Possess any lethal weapon or firearm in the
examination hall.
9. If student of the college, who is not a
candidate for the particular examination or
any person not connected with the college
indulges in any malpractice or improper
conduct mentioned in clause 6 to 8.
10. Comes in a drunken condition to the
examination hall.
11. Copying detected on the basis of internal
evidence, such as, during valuation or special
scrutiny.
12. If any malpractice is detected which is not
covered in the above clauses 1 to 11 shall be
reported to the University for further action to
award suitable punishment.
57
academic regulations in connection with
forfeiture of seat.
Expulsion from the examination hall and
cancellation of the performance in that
subject and all other subjects the
candidate has already appeared including
practical examinations and project work
and shall not be permitted for the
remaining examinations of the subjects of
that
semester/year. The candidate is also
debarred and forfeits the seat.
Student of the colleges expulsion from the
examination hall and cancellation of the
performance in that subject and all other
subjects the candidate has already
appeared including practical examinations
and project work and shall not be
permitted for the remaining examinations
of the subjects of that semester/year. The
candidate is also debarred and forfeits the
seat.
Person(s) who do not belong to the
College will be handed over to police and
a police case will be registered against
them.
Expulsion from the examination hall and
cancellation of the performance in that
subject and all other subjects the
candidate has already appeared including
practical examinations and project work
and shall not be permitted for the
remaining examinations of the subjects of
that
semester/year.
Cancellation of the performance in that
subject and all other subjects the
candidate has appeared including practical
examinations and project work of that
semester/year examinations.
58
 Malpractices Identified by Squad or Special Invigilators

1. Punishments to the candidates as per the above guidelines.

2. Punishment for institutions (if the squad reports that the college is also involved in
encouraging malpractices)
(i) A show cause notice will be issued to the college.
(ii) Impose a suitable fine on the college.
(iii) Shifting the examination centre from the college to another college for a specific
period of not less than one year.

G. Computer Labs

 Students should leave their footwear outside before entering into the computer lab.
 Students should not enter the computer lab with the personal belongings, like bags etc
 Students should maintain silence and cleanliness in the computer lab.

H. Laboratories:

Procedures for Laboratories

Computer Programming Lab:

 Lab can be used in free time / lunch hours by taking prior permission from the lab in-
charge.
 Lab records need to be submitted on or before the date of submission.
 Students are not supposed to use pen drives/data cards.
 Use of computer network is encouraged.
English Language Communication Skills Lab:
 Advanced equipment in the lab for the use of student community. Students need to
maintain a proper decorum in the computer lab. Students must use the computer &
head phones with care. Any damage caused is punishable.
 Students must carry their observation books with completed exercises (activities) while
entering the lab.
 Students are supposed to occupy the machines allotted to them and the allocation is
displayed on the lab notice board.
 Students must be active in responding to the questions and to practice the exercises.
Engineering Drawing:
 All the students are required to bring drawing instruments including drawing sheets to
every class without fail. Borrowing is not allowed.
 The students are required to bring the Drawing records regularly to the class, as the
submission is on weekly basis.
 The number of problems in assignment sheet are designed in such a way that student
should complete all the problems and submit on the same day.
 All the students are required to keep a piece of paper while fixing the Drafter to the
drawing board.
 The students are required to bring the observation books to the Drawing hall.
 The students are required to occupy the seats in drawing hall according to the roll numbers.
 In case of any problem while drawing, students are supposed to raise the hands, so that
faculty will come and clarify the doubts instead of moving around the Drawing Hall.

59
 MISCELLANEOUS
Students are expected to be punctual and regular to the lab classes and follow the lab dress code.
 Students are expected to carry out all the experiments prescribed by the University.
 They will not be permitted to attend the end practical examinations unless they carry
out the minimum number of experiments prescribed by the University.
 They should attend the lab fully prepared, with clear concept of the theory underlying
the experiment and other experimental details with a pre-plan on how to carry out the
experiment, after consulting the lab manual.
 Observation notebooks should be neatly maintained.
 Experiments must be recorded only in the books approved by the departments / college.
 Observation notebook should be compulsorily shown to the teacher in charge of the
lab and got signed by the teacher at the end of the experiment.
 Records must be submitted as per the schedule prescribed by the teacher in charge of
the lab.
 Records must be got certified before appearing for the end examinations.
 Student should not move from one table to another.
 Student should handover the equipment to the technician in good condition before
leaving the lab.
 Students should maintain utmost cleanliness in the lab.
 Breakages / damages of equipment should be reported immediately to the lab in- charge.
 Students are advised to clear all dues to the lab before taking end practical
examinations to avoid complications at a later date.
 Laboratory session marks will be awarded on the basis of continuous evaluation.
 They should clear the work bench soon after the experiment is over.
 Waste material, if any, should not be strewn on the floor of the laboratory. Students
should use the waste material baskets kept for the purpose.
 Experiments should be carried out following all the instructions meticulously and
observing all the precautions to avoid personal injuries and damage to equipment.
I. Undertaking from Students and Parents:
Students and their parents / guardians should execute an undertaking in the prescribed
format that they shall abide by all the rules and regulations of the college. Even before
executing an undertaking, a student who has taken admission in this Institute shall be
deemed to have agreed to the rules and regulations of the Institute as given in this
handbook and also that may be framed from time to time.
J. Letters to Parents:
Parents will be communicated of the performance of their son / daughter / ward in
attendance and examinations through letters from time to time. The parents are also
contacted by HOD/ Class Mentor as and when required. The parents are expected to
keep in touch with the Class Mentor/HOD and monitor the academic progress of their
ward. In case of poor academic performance and/or attendance, the student and the
parent/guardian should promptly respond to and comply with the reports and
suggestions for improvement as and when informed.
K. Hostel:
Rules of Admission
 Students who join the hostel should pay the prescribed admission fee and caution
deposit at the time of admission.
 Admission shall be made only after clearing all the dues to the college and previous
60
 dues (if any) to the hostel.
 Separate Identity Card will be issued to every hosteller.

 Suspension/dismissal of a hosteller from the college will automatically result in his/her

suspension/ dismissal from the hostel.
Rules of Discipline
 Every inmate should return to the hostel by 5 P.M.
 Inmates can avail the college library facility after 6 P.M. from Monday to Saturday by
taking prior permission from the warden.
 Inmates are not allowed to leave the hostel. However, in exceptional circumstances
they may take permission from the warden if they need to go outside. Leaving the
hostel without the written permission of the warden shall be considered a violation of
hostel rules and will be dealt with a firm hand.
 All inmates must carry their college identity cards whenever they leave the hostel
premises. They will be permitted to enter the hostel only on production of the identity
card at hostel main gate.
 Parents/guardians of inmates will be allowed to visit their son / daughter / ward
between 5 and 6 P.M. on all college working days and between 1 P.M. and 6 P.M on
Sundays and other college holidays. Visitors will be allowed to meet the inmates after
making required entries in the visitors register.
 No inmate will be permitted to go out with parents or local guardians without prior and
proper authorization from the warden. Any request for permission from parents to take
their son / daughter / ward out during college working hours will not be entertained.
 No inmate will be permitted to go home except during vacation with the permission of
Associate Director.
 Hostellers’ parents and first degree blood relatives who need to stay with them
overnight should first take the consent of their roommates and then the written
permission of the warden/ AD well in advance.
 Hostellers are not allowed to stay in the hostel rooms during the college timings.
 Collective gatherings of any kind are prohibited within the hostel premises.
 Hostlers should not indulge in any act or activity that is unacceptable and detrimental
for the smooth and proper running of the hostel.
 The hostel premises and buildings should be kept clean.
 Hostellers shall be held responsible for any damage caused to hostel property and the
loss to the property shall be recovered from them.
 Hostellers are prohibited from using any electronic or power consuming appliances
without permission fro
 m the warden.

VIII. TRAINING & PLACEMENT

Counseling and Career Guidance

Placement Cell encourages students to opt for higher education programs like MBA, M.Tech,
MS in India and abroad, by giving proper guidance. It also conducts and organizes career
counseling sessions, training programs, mock tests etc.
Placement Cell conducts career counseling to all students from First to Final years and
maintains their individual records. It also provides feedback to the parents about students’
aspirations and achievements. Students can contact Placement Officer for guidance.
61
Pre-Placement Training
GNITC Placement cell organizes pre-placement training to the students in the areas of
enhancing personality, communication skills, resume preparation, aptitude tests, group
discussion, Interview etc.

62
The college gives a lot of importance to the industry institute interaction. To achieve this, the
college organizes industrial fairs, seminars, research projects and also organizes field trips for
the benefit of the students. This initiative encourages students and also offers them a firsthand
learning experience. Placement cell is actively working and interacting with corporate
organizations to understand and analyze the skill sets required in different sectors to bridge the
gap between industrial recruitments and academics.

1 Mr.Vinay Chopra Head, Training & Placement

2 Mr.Srikanth Training and Placement Officer

IX. LIBRARY

The library has 57,600 volumes of books and 13,150 of titles. The Campus has subscribed 225
IEEE Journals/magazines and 187 Indian Journals/magazines. Reference books are also
provided in the library. Also, large number of E-Books, NPTEL and SONET CDs are available
for all subjects.
Rules & Regulations for the Central Library & Information Centre are as follows
 Student should compulsorily carry their identity cards to the Library.
 Students should enter their roll number and sign in the Gate register before entering
the Library.
 Printed matter and personal belongings such as books, bags, or any other materials
should not be carried into the Library. They should be kept on the Property Counters
provided at the entrance of the Library; if they are carried inside the Library, they will
be confiscated and treated as library property.
 Strict silence should be maintained inside the library.
 Cell phones are not allowed into the library.
 Students shall not misplace books from their positions in the racks.
 No books will be issued without producing Identity Cards.
 The student can barrow the books for a period of 14 days, failure to return the books
within the time will attract penalty as mentioned bellow:
 For first 7 days @ 1.00/- per day
 For the next 3 weeks @ 2.00/-per day
 After 4 weeks, card will be cancelled for one semester.
 The Librarian, at his discretion, may not reissue until some days the returned book to
the same student.
 Books will not be issued or renewed for the same student if there is a demand for
the book.
 Number of books to be lent – 03 per Student.
 Students must check the physical condition of the books before borrowing. The last
borrower will be held responsible for any damage or mutilation noticed at the time
of return of books.
 Borrowed books are not permitted to be taken inside the library unless they are to
be returned.
 If the borrowed book is damaged or lost, the student shall be liable. He/she shall
replace the book or pay double the value of the book immediately, along with the
fine payable.
 Reference books and periodicals are not issued.
 The Librarian may take appropriate action on any student under intimation to the
Principal, if found misbehaving in the library.
63
 The infringement of the Library rules shall make the student forfeit the privileges of
membership of the Library, in addition to the action taken as per the disciplinary
rules of the college.

64
 Book Bank Scheme
The scheme runs on the premise that each student requires at least one textbook for each
subject throughout his/her 4 years of study. Many students buy the books from the market,
which is an expensive proposition.
The scheme involves taking reasonable discounted amount towards (for B.Tech. students
only) at the time of admission in I year, which is non refundable
Working of the Scheme
The Campus Director, Associate Director, Department Heads and faculty have carefully
chosen the best books for the maximum benefit of the students. The books thus purchased are
put in the library and issued to each student (one set) for a period of one year / semester. At the
end of the year/semester the student has to return all the books. Then next year / semester
textbooks will be issued.
Benefits to Students
a) The system of one-time payment ensures availability of best text books for each subject
throughout his/her four years of study.
b) Books are handed over to him at his/her college only.
c) The presence of textbook for all time under his possession will improve his
performance in internal and external examinations.
d) No need to spend time and money in buying books from market at higher prices and
with difficulties.
Digital Library
Digital Library consists of e-text books, ppts, lectures of IIT professors. This facility is
much useful for both students and faculty members

X. STUDENT ACTIVITIES
Fresher’ s Day
The college organizes Fresher’s Day where the II year students welcome Freshers. The
Principal and Department Heads will grace the occasion. Second Year students will organize
cultural events and conduct competitions for freshers.
Annual Day
Annual Day is celebrated in a grand manner. Chief Guest is invited from Industry, R &
D Institutions or reputed Universities. Principal/Director presents the annual report of the
college for the academic year.
IGNITE (Technical Fest)
Apart from paper presentations the college has conducted other events such as Auto- Expo,
Model Presentation, Photo Shot, Treasure Hunt, and Riddle Solving and so on. This year the
college is proud to have Cultural Fest by renowned international singers and dancers. The flash
mob by our students was a big success in Hyderabad.
Felicitations
Academic prizes are given for department wise toppers in semester exams and to the
students who have secured more than 80% in Examinations. Prizes are distributed to the
winners in different activities like sports, cultural, games, circular, and co-circular events.

65
Sports Events
Outdoor events like Cricket, Foot ball, Volley ball for boys & Throw ball, Tennikoit for
girls are held. Indoor events like Chess, Table Tennis, and Caroms at College level may be held
once in every month and also for Annual Day.
Cultural Events
Competitions like Painting, T-Shirt Painting, Quiz, Rangoli and Mehendi are conducted.
Literary Events
Competitions like Essay writing, Elocution, Debate, Group discussion, Quiz, Dumb
Charades are conducted
Extra-Curricular Events
Events like painting, flower-arrangement, card-board arrangement, vegetable carving,
classroom decoration etc., are held as part of Annual Day celebrations.
Work Shops & Student Paper Presentation Contests
The College has also been very active in organizing Workshops, Student Paper Contests
like Techno Fest, and Project exhibitions like Innovations.
Student Seminars
Students are encouraged to prepare and present seminars in subjects in the scheduled
hours given in the Time Table by using LCD Projector and PowerPoint presentations.
Symposium
College organizes Symposia to encourage, inspire and challenge students by inviting
eminent personalities like renowned Academicians, Researchers, Scientists, CEOs, and
important Government Officials and Politicians.
Training
Industry-academia interaction has made our education being more industry specific, guided and
structured by different industries. The placement cell conducts short term value added courses
(like J2EE, GIS, .Net, Testing tools, embedded systems etc.) in the vacation for interested
students.
Industrial and Study Tours
Local industrial visits are arranged for II and III Year students. Outstation Industrial
tours will be permitted for final years only during the semester break.
Guest Lectures
Eminent personalities from Research, Industry and Academics are invited to enrich the
knowledge of the students with latest technology.
Professional Societies / Student Chapters
 Today’s industry and other organizations providing career opportunities look for the
following capabilities in students
 Latest knowledge in their respective fields and knowledge about related fields
 Communication skills, interactive skills and professional acquaintances
 Technical writing skills
 There are a couple of societies related to each discipline / branch where students can
become members to achieve above capabilities. These societies organize lectures,
seminars, workshops, and conferences for students and professionals. These societies
publish magazines and journals with latest knowledge, which they send to the students
at their addresses as a part of membership package. These publications are monthly /
66
 quarterly / half-yearly and annual. It is beneficial for students to become members of
these societies.

S.
Branch Name of the Institution
No.
1. Computer Society of India (CSI)
2. Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE)
1 CSE 3. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
4. Institution of Engineers India (IE)
1. Computer Society of India (CSI)
2. Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE)
2 IT
3. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
4. Institution of Engineers India (IE)
1. Institute of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE)
2.Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE)
3 ECE
3.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
4.Institution of Engineers India (IE)
1. Institution of Engineers (IE)
4 EEE 2. Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE)
3. Institution of Engineers India (IE)
1. Institution of Engineers (IE)
2. Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE)
5 ME 3. Society of Automobile Engineering (SAE)
4. Mechanical Engineering Association (MEA)
5. Institution of Engineers India (IE)
1. Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE)
6. AE 2. Aeronautical Society of India (ASI)
3. Institution of Engineers India (IE)
1. Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE)
2. Civil Engineering Students Association (CESA)
7. CE
3. Help In Time Association (HITA)
4. Institution of Engineers India (IE)
1. Acoustical Society of India – Hyderabad Chapter (ASI-H)
8. H&S
2. Andhra Pradesh Society for Mathematical Sciences(APSMS)
9 Pharmacy Indian Pharmaceutical Association (Student Forum)

NSS:
NSS Unit was started at this college on 02.09.2002 under the approval of JNTU.
Programmes being conducted are
 Blood Donation Camp
 Aids Awareness Camp
 Village Survey
 Free Medical Camp
 Hygiene & Cleanliness Awareness Program in nearby villages etc.
 Save Water and Trees
 Tree Plantation
Alumni Association:
College maintains a database of all students’ recruitments, higher studies abroad and in Indian

67
Universities through regular interaction over E mail, Social Networking and Group mailing etc.
The college conducts an alumni meet in even semester every year.

68
 XI. CONTACT INFORMATION
Contact Information:
Website Address : http://www.gniindia.org
E-mail : gnes_hyd@yahoo.com
Phone Number : 08414 or 958414 –

202120/21 For any administrative problems and information, please

General Manager (Admn)

contact: Col. Rajesh ( Retd) 8096611000
Asst. Manager (Admin) Mr. V.K.Chary 8096609815
Asst. Administrative Officer Mr. J.VenkataSwamy 8886094170
Boys Hostel Warden Mr. L B Ray 8096609838
Girls Hostel Warden Mrs.Satyavani 8096971767

GNITC (please disturb only if urgent)

Designation Name Mobile No.
Director Dr. M. Ramalinga Reddy 8497900081
Associate Director Prof. P. Parthasarathy 8096175678
Associate Director Dr. R. K. Singh 8096185678
Associate Director Dr. RishiSayal 8096609846
Dean (R&D) Dr. S.V. Renga Nayakalu 8096609824
Dean Academics Dr. K. Chanthirasekaran 8498055718
Dean Students’ Welfare Dr. Srinivas Reddy 8498056997
Dean (ME) & HOD, ME 1 Dr. G. Shankaranarayanan 8096609816
HOD,ME-2 Dr. A. Raj kumar 9948849578
HOD, H&S Dr.G. Anjaneyulu 8497900082
HOD, Civil Engineering Dr.SS Manugla 8497900083
HOD, CSE Dr. J. Rajeshwar 9948442288
HOD-CSE-2 Mr. Devashekar 9704084121
Dr. Shatrughna Prasad 8096609843
HOD - ECE Yadav
Prof. S. Maheswara Reddy 8096609842
HOD, EEE Dr. K Shanthi 8096609840
HOD, IT Dr. Thariq Hussain 8096215678

69
XII. COMMITTEES
Various Committees have been constituted to streamline the administration of the entire
institution. These committees, in consultation with the Principal, plan and execute various
programs for the smooth functioning and the general development of the institution. Committee
members are drawn from both the teacher and student community. Student members are
nominated by the respective Department Heads based on academic record of the students. The
following committees have been constituted for the ongoing academic year:

COMMITTEE

1 Anti-Ragging Committee 2 Discipline Committee 3 Academic Audit

Committee
4 Library Committee 5 Transport Committee 6 Canteen Committee

7 Sports Committee 8 NSS cell 9 EDC Cell

Grievance
Women’ s Empowerment Professional Active
10 11 12 &Students
Committee Committee
Redressal Committee
Staff Grievance redressal Internal Quality
13 14 15 Sports Committee
Committee Assurance Committee
Entrepreneurship
Career Guidance
16 Library Committee 17 18 Development
Committee
Committee

70
71
 XIII. MENTORS

Phone
S.No Year Section Name of the Mentor Email Id
Number
1 Mr. T. V. Seshi Reddy 9963838757
1 Mech17section1.gnitc@gmail.com
2 Mr. M. Sarath Chandra 9948244156
3 Mr. CH. Jeevan Kumar 9959864515
2
4 Mr. V. Shyamu 9393869232 Mech17section2.gnitc@gmail.com
5 Mr. Avisek tripathy 9861269009
3
6 II Mr. K Ekanath 9014887010 Mech17section3.gnitc@gmail.com
7 Ms. Maimuna Siddiqui 7416664032
4
8 Mr. K. Srinivas 9533887585 Mech17section4.gnitc@gmail.com

9 Mr. B. Bhaskar 9642247348

5
10 Mr. D. Rajasekhar Reddy 9966716322 Mech17section5.gnitc@gmail.com
11 Mr. P. Satish Kumar 9959158818
1
12 Mr. Muztaba Ahmed 7569133965 Mech16section1.gnitc@gmail.com
13 Mr.T. Sangamesh 8095754209
2
14 Mr. Y.M.K. Raghunath 7842333698 Mech16section2.gnitc@gmail.com
15 Mr. A. Swarnendra Goud, 7416610016
III 3
16 M. N. Suresh 8142502864 Mech16section3.gnitc@gmail.com
17 Mr. M. Chakrapani 9396205249
4
18 Mr. Syed Mohammad 9391999215 Mech16section4.gnitc@gmail.com
19 Mr. A. Harshavardhan
5 8121911662
Reddy, Mech16section5.gnitc@gmail.com
20 Mr. Md. Dilawar 8686848001
21 Mr. B. Siva Prasad Reddy , 8500742365
1
22 Mr. G. Kedarnath 7842274757 Mech15section1.gnitc@gmail.com
23 Mr. Hazi Banothu 9010496795
2
24 Mr. M. K. Singh 9177912231 Mech15section2.gnitc@gmail.com
25 Mr. B. Kammi Reddy 8500742365
IV 3
26 Mr. A. Naresh 9550007169 Mech15section3.gnitc@gmail.com
27 Mr.R.Syam Sudhakar Rao 9701491480
4
28 Mr. S. Balasubramanyam 9603646470 Mech15section4.gnitc@gmail.com
29 Mrs. M. Vijaya Nirmala 9032644930
5
30 Mr. CH. Praveen 8185837369 Mech15section5.gnitc@gmail.com

72
 XIV. GNI ACADEMIC CALENDER
The Proposed Academic Calendar for IV year B .Tech. - I Sem. (Regular) for the
Academic year 2019-20 is given below
For the Course of B. Tech – IV yr –I sem :

GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS

(AUTONOMOUS)
ACADEMIC CALENDER FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR: 2019-20
The Approved Academic Calendar for IV year B .Tech.- I Sem. (Regular) for the Academic
year 2019-20 is given below. For the Course of B. Tech – IV yr – I Sem:
ACADEMIC CALENDER (A.Y: 2019-20 - I – SEMESTER)
B.Tech – IV Year
S.No. EVENT DATE DURATION
th
1 Commencement of class – work 24 June,2019 …..
2 First Spell of Instructions for covering 24th June,2019 to 11(8+3) weeks (63 Days-18
Unit-I, II & Part of III Unit. 11th Sep,2019 days=45 days)-3 weeks for
internship/Training
3 1st Mid Term examinations 12th,13th & 14th 03 days
Timings: Sep,2019
10.30 A.M To 12.00 noon (Forenoon
Session)
02.30 P.M To 04.00 P.M (After noon
Session
4 2nd Spell of Instruction s for covering 16th Sep,19 to 13th 8 Weeks (43 Days)
Units-Part of III,IV and V. Nov,2019
5 Dussehra Recess 7th to 12th Oct,2019 1 Week
6 2nd Mid Term Examinations th th
14 to 16 Nov,2019 03 days
Timings:
10.30 A.M To 12.00 noon (Forenoon
Session)
02.30 P.M To 04.00 P.M (After noon
Session
7 Last Date of Instruction (Attendance) 16th nov, 2019 Total – 16 Weeks
8 Preparation Holidays and Practical 18th - 23rd Nov, 2019 06 days
Examinations
9 End Semester Examinations (Regular) + 25th Nov-07th 02 Weeks
supplementary + Special MID Dec,2019
examinations
10 Reopening for the Academic Year 2019- 09th Dec, 2019 ----
20
(II Sem.)

** Mid-Term examinations are to be conducted during both (Forenoon and Afternoon) sessions
and they are to be completed within 3 working days as per the schedule given above.

No. of Working days: 96 [excluding the Govt. holidays, Sundays & Exam dates.]

73
 PART B: DEPARTMENT INFORMATION
(Syllabus, PEOs, POs, CEOs, COs, Teaching Schedules & Assignments Etc.)

I. VISION, MISSION & QUALITY POLICY

The Vision of the Mechanical Engineering Department is:

To be a premier Department of Mechanical Engineering in the region.

The Mission of the Mechanical Engineering Department is:

1. Nurture young individuals into knowledgeable, skillful and ethical professionals in their
pursuit of Electronics and Communication Engineering.
2. Nurture the faculty and expose them to world-class infrastructure.
3. Sustain high performance by excellence in teaching, research and innovations.
4. Extensive partnerships and collaborations with Foreign Universities for technology up
gradation.
5. Develop Industry-Interaction for innovation and product development.

The Quality policy of the Mechanical Engineering Department is:

We, at GNITC are committed to ensure high standards to educate enrich and excel, in imparting
professional education, by top quality – faculty who endeavor to mould the students into quality
professionals through teamwork innovation and research.

II. ABOUT DEPARTMENT

The department of Mechanical Engineering was established in the year 2003, offering under
graduate and post graduate programs with the annual intake of 300 & 18 students respectively.
The prime objective course is to provide students with a sound mechanical engineering
education, advance the understanding and application of mechanical engineering principles.
The department is accredited by NBA, NAAC for its excellent infrastructure and facilities. The
Department provides facilities for students to learn soft skills and achieve holistic personality.
Majority of the faculty members are actively involved in research activities in the fields of their
specialization. They have published a good number of research papers in International /
National Journals and International / National Conferences. The faculty in the department
interacts closely with industry enabling the graduates completely successful not only at the
national level but also at the global level. Nano technology, Vibration and Stability of Fluid
conveying pipes and Exhaust emission analysis of Dual fuel engines are the thrust areas of
research.
III. HIGHLIGHTS:

74
 Teaching methodology involves technical case studies, creative exercises, online assignments
& descriptive tests.

75
  E-Class rooms
 Industry focused knowledge is imparted by R & D and Industry peer
members.
 Digital Library
 Tie up with MNC companies and Foreign Universities.
 State-of-art laboratories, sophisticated equipment and advanced
software.
 Library is equipped with National and International Journals,
50000 volumes and more than 7500 titles of books, NPTEL,
SONET CDs and internet lab for students and staff.
 IEEE Online Journals and IEL Online journals
through AICTE INDEST CONSORTIUM.
 Wi-Fi campus with 12 Mbps bandwidth.
 State of art English Language Lab and 800 computers
connected with dedicated high- end servers.
 Scholarship and free books for meritorious students.
 Book Bank Scheme facility to the students.
 A new and unique Laptop lab with latest configuration. Most of
the classrooms are fixed with LCDs and screens.
 All major Professional Societies Student Chapters like ISTE, SAE,
CSI, IETE and IEEE etc.

Releasing of Souvenir by Dr B N Reddy, Ex- VC - JNTUH, in the 1 st

International Conference organized by Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
GNITC, Hyderabad .

IV. FACULTY
The faculty in the Department consists of Senior and well experienced
Professors, Associate Professors and Assistant Professors with Ph. D. / M.
Tech qualifications. An experienced System Administrator and well-
qualified Lab staff support the conduct of Laboratories

76
77
 Date of
Sl.No Name of the faculty Designation Contact No.
Joining
Professor
1 Dr. M Ramalinga Reddy 15-Nov-16 9248727200
&Director
Professor, Dean
2 Dr. G. Sankaranarayanan 08-Jan-18 9444366717
& HOD 1

3 Dr. M. Harinatha Reddy Professor 17-Jun-14 8096609816

4 Dr. S. Nagakalyan Professor 17.08.2017
9293130151
5 Dr. T. Thirumalai Professor 9942462769
01-Jul-17
Assoc. Professor &
6 Dr. A Raj Kumar 22-Jan-07 9948849578
HOD 2
7 Dr. M Prakash Babu Assoc. Professor 31-Dec-14 9573219821
8 Mr. M Anjaiah Assoc. Professor 09-Jul-05 9440341797
Mr. Ananda Mohan
9 Assoc. Professor 16-Jun-14 9866455080
Vemula
10 Mr. Vanga Gopal Assoc. Professor 09-Jun-14 7799655401
11 Mr. N V Mahesh Babu T Assoc. Professor 06-Oct-14 9440495073
12 Mr. Sekhar Reddy P Assoc. Professor 01-Jun-15 9618260141
13 Mr. A Venkata Swamy Assoc. Professor 20-Jul-15 9491382109
14 Mr. Manoj Kumar Singh Assoc. Professor 09-Dec-15 9177912231
15 Mr. R. Syam Sudhakar
Rao Assoc. Prof. 07.07.2017 9701491480
16 Mr. G. Kiran Reddy Asst. Prof 29-Dec-10 9985165268
17 Mr. V. Shyamu Asst. Prof 01-Aug-11 9393869232
18 Mr. A. Swarnendra Goud Asst. Prof 20-Aug-11 7416610016
19 Mrs. R. Pushpa Asst. Prof 04-Jun-12 9700872040
20 Mr. T. V. Seshi Reddy Asst. Prof 07-Jun-12 9963838757
21 Mr. Chityala Praveen Asst. Prof 07-Jan-14 8185837369
22 Mr. Mohod Dilawar Asst. Prof 25-Sep-14 8686848001
23 Mr. K Srinivas Asst. Prof 25-Sep-14 9533887585
24 Mr.Satish Kumar P Asst. Prof 15-Sep-14 9959158818
25 Mr. N Suresh Asst. Prof 15-Sep-14 8142502864
26 Mr.YM K Raghunath Asst. Prof 19-Sep-14 7842333698
27 Mr. Mohd Mujtaba Ahmed Asst. Prof 25-Sep-14 7569133965
28 Mr. B. Kammi Reddy Asst. Prof 01/06/15 8500742365
29 Mr. A. Naresh Asst. Prof 04-May-15 9550007169
30 Mr. Ch. Jeevan Kumar Asst. Prof 01-Jun-15 9959864515
31 Mr. B Bhaskar Asst. Prof 20-Jul-15 9491127988
32 Mrs. Vijaya Nirmala M Asst. Prof 02-Dec-15 9032644930
33 Mr. Avisek Tripathy Asst. Prof 15-Dec-15 9861269009
34 Ms. Maimuna Siddiqui Asst. Prof 21-Dec-15 7416664032
35 Mr. Haji Banothu Asst. Prof 11-Jan-16 9010496795
36 Mr. Syed Mohammad Asst. Prof. 01-Jul-16 7386742583
Mr. B.V. Siva Prasad
37 Asst .Prof 04-Jul-16 9666525378
Reddy 78
38 Mr. M.Chakrapani Asst. Prof 8.Nov-10 9396205249
39 Mr. T Sangamesh Asst. Prof 05-Dec-16 8095754209
 SUPPORTING STAFF:

S. No Name of Staff Designation

1. Mr. P Madhava Reddy Office Asst.
2. Mr. Ch. Kumara Swamy Lab Asst.
3. Mr. S Prabhakar Lab Technician
4. Mr. Ch Rama Murthy Lab Technician
5. Mr. Kallepu Ravinder Lab Technician
6. Mr. Srinivas Reddy T Lab Technician
7. Mr. A. Subhaskara Rao Lab Technician
8. Mr. Venkateswara Rao B Lab Asst.
9. Mr. G. Kumara Swamy Lab Technician
10. Mr. Sardar Pratap Singh Lab Asst.

79
 V. PEOs, POs, MAPPING:
Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)
Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs) of Mechanical Engineering
Department are as below mentioned

PEO No. Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

Graduate Shall have the ability to applied knowledge across the
I disciplines and in merging areas of mechanical engineering on higher
studies, research, employability and handle the realistic problems
Graduates shall have good communications skills, to possesses ethical
II conduct, sense of responsibility to serve the society, to protect the
environment
Graduates shall have strong foundation in academic excellence, soft
III skills, managerial skills, leadership qualities and understand need for
life long earning for a successful professional career

Programme Outcomes:
Program outcomes are narrower statements that describe what students are expected to
know and be able to do by the time of graduation. These relate to the skills, knowledge,
and behaviors. Engineering programs must demonstrate that their students attain t h e
following out comes.
1. Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
2. Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex engineering
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences,
and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design
system components or processes that meet t h e specified needs with appropriate consideration for the
public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern Tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering activities with
an understanding of the limitations.
6. The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.

80
7. Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions
in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms
of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in
diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear
instructions.
11. Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader
in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
Program Specific outcomes ( PSO)

13. An ability to explore the opportunities for the development of renewable energy like Solar, Wind
mill, alternative fuels etc in the functioning of Mechanical engineering systems.
14. An ability to design automobile parts and components on CAD /CAM and apply their knowledge in
manufacturing, fabricating and assembling of automobile specially for All Terrain Vehicle (ATV),
GO-Kart, and so on by in-corporating 3D scanning & Printing, Non Destructive Testing [NDT] etc.

PEO- PO – PSO MAPPING

Program outcomes PSO
PEOs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
I
2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
2 1
II
1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 2
1 2
III
1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1
3 1
1-low 2- medium 3- high

81
 GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
(AUTONOMOUS)

IV Year B.Tech. I-Sem L T P C

4 0 0 4
(ME0751) Renewable energy systems
Professional Elective -III
Prerequisites: None

OBJECTIVES:
 To explain the concepts of Non-renewable and renewable energy systems

 To outline utilization of renewable energy sources for both domestic and industrial applications

 To analyse the environmental and cost economics of renewable energy sources in comparison
with fossil fuels.

OUTCOMES:
 Understanding of renewable energy sources

 Knowledge of working principle of various energy systems

 Capability to carry out basic design of renewable energy systems

UNIT-I: Global and National Energy Scenario: Over view of conventional & renewable energy
sources, need & development of renewable energy sources, types of renewable energy systems,
Future of Energy Use, Global and Indian Energy scenario, Renewable and Non-renewable Energy
sources, Energy for sustainable development, Potential of renewable energy sources, renewable
electricity and key elements, Global climate change, CO 2 reduction potential of renewable energy-
concept of Hybrid systems.

UNIT-II: Solar Energy: Solar energy system, Solar Radiation, Availability, Measurement and
Estimation, Solar Thermal Conversion Devices and Storage, Applications Solar Photovoltaic
Conversion solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, applications of solar energy systems.

UNIT-III: Wind Energy: Wind Energy Conversion, Potential, Wind energy potential measurement,
Site selection, Types of wind turbines, Wind farms, wind Generation and Control. Nature of the wind,
power in the wind, factors influencing wind, wind data and energy estimation, wind speed
monitoring, classification of wind, characteristics, applications of wind turbines, offshore wind
energy – Hybrid systems, wind resource assessment, Betz limit, site selection, wind energy
conversion devices. Wind mill component design, economics and demand side management, energy
wheeling, and energy banking concepts. Safety and environmental aspects, wind energy potential and
installation in India.

UNIT-IV : Biogas: Properties of biogas (Calorific value and composition), biogas plant technology
and status, Bio energy system, design and constructional features. Biomass resources and their
classification, Biomass conversion processes, Thermo chemical conversion, direct combustion,
biomass gasification, pyrolysis and liquefaction, biochemical conversion, anaerobic digestion, types

82
of biogas Plants, applications, alcohol production from biomass, bio diesel production, Urban waste
to energy conversion, Biomass energy programme in India.
UNIT-V: Ocean Energy: Ocean wave energy conversion, principle of Ocean Thermal Energy
Conversion (OTEC), ocean thermal power plants, tidal energy conversion, Tidal and wave energy its
scope and development, Scheme of development of tidal energy.
a. Small hydro Power Plant: Importance of small hydro power plants and their Elements, types of
turbines for small hydro, estimation of primary and secondary power.

b. Geothermal Energy: Geothermal power plants, various types, hot springs and steam ejection.

References:
1. Power plant technology by J Wakhil
2. Non-Conventional Energy Sources by G.D Rai
3. Solar Energy - Principles of thermal collection and storage S. P.Sukhatme
4. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes J. A. Duffie and W. A.Beckman
5. Biomass Regenerable Energy D. D. Hall and R. P. Grover.
6. Twidell, J.W. and Weir, A., Renewable Energy Sources, EFN SponLtd., 1986.
7. Kishore VVN, Renewable Energy Engineering and Technology, Teri Press, New Delhi, 2012
8. Peter Gevorkian, Sustainable Energy Systems Engineering, McGraw Hill,2007
9. Kreith, F and Kreider, J. F., Principles of Solar Engineering, McGraw- Hill, 1978.
10. Godfrey Boyle, Renewable Energy, Power for a Sustainable Future, Oxford University Press,
U.K, 1996.
11. Veziroglu, T.N., Alternative Energy Sources, Vol 5 and 6, McGraw- Hill, 1990
12. Anthony San Pietro, Biochemical and Photosynthetic aspects of Energy Production, Academic
Press, 1980.
13. Bridgurater, A.V., Thermochemical processing of Biomass, Academic Press, 1981.
14. Bent Sorensen , Renewable Energy, Elsevier, Academic Press, 2011

83
 Consolidated unit wise lesson plan
SU SUBJECT RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS ( Code: ME0751)
FACULTY Mr. B. BHASKAR

Text Book (to be acquired by the students)

Book 1 Non- Conventional Energy Sources / G.D. Rai
Book 2 Renewable energy sources – Twidell & Wier ,CRC Press
Reference books
Book 3 Renewable energy sources / Tiwari and Ghosal / Narosa

CHAPTERS
UNIT TOPIC No of Classes
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5

I Global and National Energy

Scenario 1, 2 1,2, 1 13

II Solar Energy 1,3 4 1 12

III Wind Energy 4 6 2 18

IV Biogas 4 6 2 08

Ocean Energy
V a. Small hydro Power Plant 4. 8 6 2 13
b. Geothermal Energy
Contact classes for syllabus coverage 64
Lectures beyond syllabus 02
Special Descriptive Tests 02
Tutorial classes 10
Remedial classes 02
Total No. of classes 80

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

84
 Explains the concept of various forms of renewable energy Analyze the environmental and cost economics of
using renewable energy sources compared to fossil fuels Compare different renewable energy technologies and
choose the most appropriate based on local conditions Describe the main components of different renewable
energy systems Determine the requirements for interconnecting a renewable electrical energy system to the
utility electric power grid

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to

S.NO DESCRIPTION

1. Global and National Energy Scenario: Over view of conventional & renewable energy sources,
need & development of renewable energy sources, types of renewable energy systems
2. Describe the use of solar energy solar energy system, Radiation, Availability, Measurement and
Estimation, Solar Thermal Conversion Devices and Storage, Applications Solar Photovoltaic
Conversion solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, applications of solar energy systems.
3. Need of Wind Energy, generation, classification, various components used in energy generation
various applications & safety measures.
4. Need of Wind Energy, generation, classification, various components used in energy generation
various applications & safety measures.
5. Explain about the exploration of nonconventional energy resources like geothermal, OTEC, tidal
energies and their effective tapping technologies various types & its developments.

MAPPING OF COs versus PSOs and POs:

Sr. PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
No.
1 CO1 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
2 CO2 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
3 CO3 3 3 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2
4 CO4 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
5 CO5 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1

3 –Strong, 2 - Moderate, 1 - Poor, 0 - No Mapping

85
 Renewable Energy Sources
Question Bank

PART A

UNIT-I
1. Define altitude angle, zenith angle and Azimuth angle. (R13 May 2017)

ANS :
 The altitude angle is defined as the angle is measured between an imaginary line between the
observer and the sun and the horizontal plane the observer is standing on.
 The solar zenith angle is the angle between the zenith and the centre of the Sun's disc.
 The Azimutal angle is defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line or
meridian
2. Why do use pyranometer and its uses? (R13 May 2017)

ANS :
A pyranometer is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar irradiance on a planar surface and it
is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m2) from the hemisphere above within a
wavelength range 0.3 μm to 3 μm.
 Thermopile pyranometers are frequently used in meteorology, climatology, climate change research
 Thermopile pyranometers are frequently used in building engineering physics.
 Thermopile pyranometers are frequently used in photo voltaic systems
3. Explain the solar spectral irradiance in detail. (R13 May 2015)

Ans:-
The spectral irradiance as a function of photon wavelength (or energy), denoted by F, is the most common
way of characterizing a light source. It gives the power density at a particular wavelength. The units of
spectral irradiance are in Wm-2µm-1. The Wm-2 term is the power density at the wavelength λ(µm).
Therefore, the m-2 refers to the surface area of the light emitter and the µm-1 refers to the wavelength of
interest.
In the analysis of solar cells, the photon flux is often needed as well as the spectral irradiance. The spectral
irradiance can be determined from the photon flux by converting the photon flux at a given wavelength to
W/m2 as shown in the section on Photon Flux. The result is then divided by the given wavelength, as
shown in the equation below.
F(λ)=ΦE1Δλ in SI unitsF(λ)=ΦE1Δλ in SI units
The primary instrument used to measure global solar irradiance is the pyranometer, which measures the
sun’s energy coming from all directions in the hemisphere above the plane of the instrument directions in
the hemisphere above the plane of the instrument • The measurement is of the sum of the direct and the
diffuse solar irradiance and is called the global solar irradiance.
4. Briefly explain the role and potential of new and renewable energy with reference to India (April
2014)
Ans:-
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally
replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat.
India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources, and it has one of the largest programs in the
world for deploying renewable energy products and systems. Indeed, it is the only country in the

86
world to have an exclusive ministry for renewable energy development, the Ministry of Non-
Conventional Energy Sources (MNES).
The demand-supply gap, especially as population increases.
 A large untapped potential.
 Concern for the environment.
 The need to strengthen India’s energy security.
 Pressure on high-emission industry sectors from their shareholders.
 A viable solution for rural electrification.
 Sources and scope of renewable energy available in India: What are the renewable energies in the
Indian market?
 Solar Energy

5. What is a solar constant. Differentiate direct and diffused solar radiation? (May 2012)
Ans:-
“Direct radiation" is also sometimes called "beam radiation" or "direct beam radiation". It is used to
describe solar radiation traveling on a straight line from the sun down to the surface of the earth.
"Diffuse radiation", on the other hand, describes the sunlight that has been scattered by molecules and
particles in the atmosphere but that has still made it down to the surface of the earth.
Direct radiation has a definite direction but diffuse radiation is just going any which way. Because
when the radiation is direct, the rays are all travelling in the same direction, an object can block them
all at once. This is why shadows are only produced when direct radiation is blocked.
6. Explain the construction and operation of any two instruments used for measuring. Solar radiation?
( May 2013)
Ans:-
There are two important types of instruments to measure solar radiation:
• Pyrheliometer is used to measure direct beam radiation at normal incidence. ...
• Pyranometer is used to measure total hemispherical radiation - beam plus diffuse - on a horizontal
surface. ...
• Photoelectric sunshine recorder

7. Explain how to estimate solar radiation on tilted surface? (April 2014)

ANS :
The amount of solar radiation incident on a tilted module surface is the component of the incident
solar radiation which is perpendicular to the module surface. The following figure shows how to
calculate the radiation incident on a tilted surface (Smodule) given either the solar radiation measured
on horizontal surface (Shoriz) or the solar radiation measured perpendicular to the sun (Sincident).

8.Explain the construction and operation of any two instruments used for measuring.Solarradiation.
( May 2013 )
ANS :

87
Types of Solar Radiation
Solar radiation instruments may be produced to measure different types of solar energy. When
sunlight encounters the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is absorbed or scattered by water vapor,
aerosols, clouds, and other air molecules. The radiation which penetrates to the Earth's surface is
termed direct solar radiation. Conversely, the radiation which scatters out of the direct beam is
referred to as diffuse radiation. The sum of direct and diffuse solar radiation is global solar radiation.
Global solar radiation is sometimes referred to as "sun+sky" radiation.
Pyranometers
Pyranometers measure hemispherical solar irradiance, or broadband solar radiation within a 180-
degree field of view; this may be considered the global solar radiation of a given hemisphere. A
typical analog pyranometer does not require power to operate and consists of a thermopile sensor
beneath a glass dome. The thermopile absorbs all the solar radiation which encounters it and
generates a small, proportional output voltage. Pyranometers are typically used on or near solar
panels to facilitate optimum panel positioning.

9. What is a solar constant. Differentiate direct and diffused solar radiation?(May 2012)
Ans:-
The solar constant, a measure of flux density, is the mean solar electromagnetic radiation (the solar
irradiance) per unit area that would be incident on a plane perpendicular to the rays, at a distance of
one astronomical unit (AU) from the Sun (roughly the mean distance from the Sun to the Earth). The
solar constant includes all types of solar radiation, not just the visible light. It is measured by satellite
as being 1.361 kilowatts per square meter (kW/m²) at solar minimum and approximately 0.1% greater
(roughly 1.362 kW/m²) at solar maximum.[1] The solar "constant" is not a physical constant in the
modern CODATA scientific sense; that is, it is not like the Planck constant or the speed of light,
which are absolutely constant in physics. The solar constant is merely an average of the actually
varying value. It has been shown to vary in the past 400 years over a range of less than 0.2 percent.
10.Explain the solar spectral irradiance in detail
Ans:-
Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic
radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument. The solar irradiance integrated over
time is called solar irradiation, insolation, or solar exposure. However, insolation is often used
interchangeably with irradiance in practice.
The spectral irradiance as a function of photon wavelength (or energy), denoted by F, is the most
common way of characterising a light source. It gives the power density at a particular wavelength.
The units of spectral irradiance are in Wm-2µm-1. The Wm-2 term is the power density at the

88
wavelength λ (µm). Therefore, the m-2 refers to the surface area of the light emitter and the µm-1
refers to the wavelength of interest.
11. Explain the working of sun shine recorder with a neat sketch? (May 2013)
Ans:
Sunshine recorder essentially consists of a glass sphere mounted in a spherical bowl and a metallic
groove which holds a record card. Sun's rays are refracted and focused sharply on the record card
beneath the glass sphere, leaving burnt marks on the card.

12. Briefly describe the impact of solar power on environment ( April 2014)
Ans:
The potential environmental impacts associated with solar power — land use and habitat loss, water
use, and the use of hazardous materials in manufacturing — can vary greatly depending on the
technology, which includes two broad categories: photovoltaic (PV) solar cells or concentrating solar
thermal plants (CSP).
13. Explain Extraterrestrial and terrestrial solar radiation? (May 2012)
Ans:
Extraterrestrial radiation is the intensity (power) of the sun at the top of the Earth's atmosphere. It is
usually expressed in irradiance units (Watts per square meter) on a plane normal to the sun.
Solar radiation is a term used to describe visible and near-visible (ultraviolet and near-infrared)
radiation emitted from the sun. ... Terrestrial radiation is a term used to describe infrared radiation
emitted from the atmosphere.
14. Explain the construction and operation of any two instruments used for measuring. Solar
radiation. ( April 2014)
Ans:-
Pyranometer:
It is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar irradiance on a planar surface and it is designed to
measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m2) from the hemisphere above within a wavelength
range 0.3 μm to 3 μm. A typical analog pyranometer does not require power to operate and consists of
a thermopile sensor beneath a glass dome. The thermopile absorbs all the solar radiation which
encounters it and generates a small, proportional output voltage. Pyranometers are typically used on
or near solar panels to facilitate optimum panel positioning
Pyrheliometers:
Pyrheliometers are similar to pyranometers, but they are designed to measure only direct beam solar
irradiance. To this end they are occasionally used in identical pyranometer applications, but are also
used with solar tracking systems to ensure the system is consistently aimed toward the sun. The
device itself is often mounted directly on the tracking system so that it is always measuring direct
beam sunlight.
Sunlight enters pyrheliometers through an integral lens, which projects sunlight onto a thermocouple
within the device. Most pyrheliometers can convert a thermopile's small voltage output into watts per
square meter and either output or record this data.

89
 UNIT-II

1. Explain Electromagnetic energy storage method. (R13 May 2017)

2. ANS :
Once the superconducting coil is charged, the current will not decay and the magnetic energy can
be stored indefinitely. The stored energy can be released back to the network by discharging the coil.
MES loses the least amount of electricity in the energy storage process compared to
other methods of storing energy.

3. What is meant by solar green house? (R13 May 2017)

ANS :
Unlike regular greenhouses, solar greenhouses enable gardeners to grow out-of-season vegetables and
fruits since the solar greenhouses retain solar heat. Solar greenhouses are normally oriented towards
the south in order to maximize heat absorption. Economical and sustainable, these types of
greenhouses are also enhanced with fans to maintain an even temperature, preventing the plants from
becoming overheated. Their function is primarily to deliver water and store and harvest plants.
According to botanists, solar greenhouses can last forever, as long as they’re probably cared for.

3.Describe the basic components of flat plate collector with a neat sketch?(May 2012)
Ans:-
The flat-plate solar collectors are probably the most fundamental and most studied technology for
solar-powered domestic hot water systems. The overall idea behind this technology is pretty simple.
The Sun heats a dark flat surface, which collect as much energy as possible, and then the energy is
transferred to water, air, or other fluid for further use.
These are the main components of a typical flat-plate solar collector:
Black surface - absorbent of the incident solar energy
o Glazing cover - transparent layer that transmits radiation to the absorber, but prevents radiative
and convective heat loss from the surface

o Tubes containing heating fluid to transfer the heat from the collector

o Support structure to protect the components and hold them in place

o Insulation covering sides and bottom of the collector to reduce heat losses

4.Differentiate flat plate collector and parabolic collector with their salient features (April 2012)
Ans:-
parabolic trough is a type of solar thermal collector that is straight in one dimension and curved as a
parabola in the other two, lined with a polished metal mirror. The energy of sunlight which enters the
mirror parallel to its plane of symmetry is focused along the focal line, where objects are positioned
that is intended to be heated. the mirror is oriented so that sunlight which it reflects is concentrated on
the tube, which contains a fluid which is heated to a high temperature by the energy of the sunlight.
The hot fluid can be used for many purposes. Often, it is piped to a heat engine, which uses the heat
energy to drive machinery or to generate electricity. This solar energy collector is the most common
and best known type of parabolic trough.
5. Explain the various configurations for the concentrating collectors.
Ans:-
90
 There are four basic types of concentrating collectors
Parabolic trough system
Parabolic dish
Power tower
Stationary concentrating collectors
6.Explain the working of solar concentrator (April 2013)
Ans:-
A solar concentrator uses lenses, called Fresnel lenses, which take a large area of sunlight and direct it
towards a specific spot by bending the rays of light and Focusing them. Some people use the same
principle when they use a magnifying lens to focus the Sun's rays on a pile of kindling or paper to
start fires.

7. Explain the thermal analysis of flat plate collector with necessary equations? (May
2013)
Ans:
Figure shows the schematic of a typical solar system employing a flat plate solar collector and a
storage tank.

Typical solar energy collection system If I is the intensity of solar radiation, in W/m2 , incident on the
aperture plane of the solar collector having a collector surface area of A, m 2 , then the amount of
solar radiation received by the collector is:
Qi=I*A
8. With the aid of neat sketch classify flat plate collectors for water/air heating. (April 2012)
Ans:-
Flat plate collectors: These collectors consist of airtight boxes with a glass, or other transparent
materia,l cover. There are several designs on the arrangement of the internal tubing of flat plate
collectors as shown in Figure 1.
9. what is meant by Traditional collectors?
Ans:-
Traditional collectors, like the Serpatine and Parallel tube examples above, consist of a number of
copper tubes, known as risers that are orientated vertically with respect to the collector and placed in
thermal contact with a black coloured, metal absorbing plate. The use of selective surfaces on
absorbers improves the efficiency of solar water heaters significantly due to a very high absorbance

91
(percentage of incoming energy that a material can absorb) and low emittance (percentage of energy
that a material radiates away) of electromagnetic radiation. At the top and bottom of the metal
absorbing plate, thicker copper pipes, known as headers, assist in the removal of heated water and the
arrival of colder water to be heated. Insulation is placed between the absorbing plate and the external
wall to prevent heat losses.
10. Explain the various configurations for the concentrating collectors.
( May 2013)
Ans:-
Collectors : These are oriented to track the sun so that the beam radiation will be directed onto the
absorbing surface
Collector: Receiver and the concentrator Receiver: Radiation is absorbed and converted to some other
energy form (e.g. heat).
Concentrator: Collector that directs radiation onto the receiver. The aperture of the concentrator is the
opening through which the solar radiation enters theconcentrator

11. Differentiate flat plate collector and parabolic collector with their salient features ( April 2012)
Ans

Sl.no Flat Plate collector Concentrating type collector

It is less efficient solar collector It is the most powerful type of collector.
Maximum Temperature of fluidFluid is temperatures up to around 5000oC can be achieved
o
300 C
It can be used in water heating. It can be used in solar furnaces and solar power plants.

12. Describe the basic components of flat plate collector with a neat sketch (May 2012)
Ans:-
Describe the basic components of flat plate collector with a neat sketch
(May 2012)
A flat plate collector, as shown in the image to the right, consists of the following components:
1) An absorber plate, treated with a selective surface coating to increase the fraction of incoming
radiation absorbed
2) A transparent cover, or glazing, which limits the radiation and convection heat losses
3) A layer of insulation, which reduces conduction losses
4) An enclosure to contain the different elements
5) Flow tubes through which the heat transfer fluid circulates

13. Explain Solar applications

92
Ans:-
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP): Concentrating solar power (CSP) plants are utility-scale generators
that produce electricity using mirrors or lenses to efficiently concentrate the sun’s energy. The four
principal CSP technologies are parabolic troughs, dish-Stirling engine systems, central receivers, and
concentrating photovoltaic systems (CPV).
Solar Thermal Electric Power Plants: Solar thermal energy involves harnessing solar power for
practical applications from solar heating to electrical power generation. Solar thermal collectors, such
as solar hot water panels, are commonly used to generate solar hot water for domestic and light
industrial applications. This energy system is also used in architecture and building design to control
heating and ventilation in both active solar and passive solar designs.
Photovoltaics: Photovoltaic or PV technology employs solar cells or solar photovoltaic arrays to
convert energy from the sun into electricity. Solar cells produce direct current electricity from the
sun’s rays, which can be used to power equipment or to recharge batteries. Many pocket calculators
incorporate a single solar cell, but for larger applications, cells are generally grouped together to form
PV modules that are in turn arranged in solar arrays. Solar arrays can be used to power orbiting
satellites and other spacecraft, and in remote areas as a source of power for roadside emergency
telephones, remote sensing, and cathodic protection of pipelines.
Solar Heating Systems: Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. The systems are
composed of solar thermal collectors and a storage tank, and they may be active, passive or batch
systems.
Passive Solar Energy: It concerns building design to maintain its environment at a comfortable
temperature through the sun’s daily and annual cycles. It can be done by (1) Direct gain or the
positioning of windows, skylights, and shutters to control the amount of direct solar radiation
reaching the interior and warming the air and surfaces within a building; (2) Indirect gain in which
solar radiation is captured by a part of the building envelope and then transmitted indirectly to the
building through conduction and convection; and (3) Isolated gain which involves passively capturing
solar heat and then moving it passively into or out of the building via a liquid or air directly or using a
thermal store. Sunspaces, greenhouses, and solar closets are alternative ways of capturing isolated
heat gain from which warmed air can be taken.
Solar Lighting: Also known as daylighting, this is the use of natural light to provide illumination
to offset energy use in electric lighting systems and reduce the cooling load on HVAC systems.
Daylighting features include building orientation, window orientation, exterior shading, saw tooth
roofs, clerestory windows, light shelves, skylights, and light tubes. Architectural trends increasingly
recognize daylighting as a cornerstone of sustainable design

UNIT-III

1. What the significance of strip chart and magnetic tap. (R13 May 2017)

ANS :
a) Strip Chart recorders may record several inputs using different colour pens and may record
onto strip charts or circular charts. Roll chart recorders are similar to strip chart recorders except that
the recorded data is stored on a round roll, and the unit is usually fully enclosed.
b) Magnetic tape is a long and narrow strip of plastic that thin magnetic material is coated
on. Magnetic tape recording uses magnetic tape which moves on a recording head. Electrical signals
are fed to the recording head, inducing a pattern of magnetization similar to the signal.

93
2. Explain what is meant by tip speed ratio. (R13 May 2017)
ANS :
The Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) is an extremely important factor in wind turbine design. TSR refers to
the ratio between the wind speed and the speed of the tips of the wind turbine blades. The further
away from the center, the faster the blades spin.
3.Explain the process of anaerobic digestion. (May 2013)
Ans:-
Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable
material in the absence of oxygen.[1] The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to
manage waste or to produce fuels. Much of the fermentation used industrially to produce food and
drink products, as well as home fermentation, uses anaerobic digestion.
4. Explain various configurations of wind turbines in details with neat diagrams? (April 2012)
Ans:-
A wind turbine is a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy into electrical energy.
Wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis types. The smallest
turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or
to power traffic warning signs. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making contributions to a
domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid.
Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, are becoming an increasingly important source of
intermittent renewable energy and are used by many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their
reliance on fossil fuels. Wind was shown to have the "lowest relative greenhouse gas emissions, the
least water consumption demands and... the most favourable social impacts" compared to
photovoltaic, hydro, geothermal, coal and gas
5. Classify different wind turbines with diagram ? (May 2012)
Ans:-
Types of wind energy conversion devices
1.Horizontal axis wind turbine
2.Vertical axis wind turbines
1.Horizontal axis wind turbine
It can be further divided into three types:
• Dutch type grain grinding wind mills
• Multiblade water pumping windmills
• High speed propeller type windmills
2.Vertical axis wind turbines
It comes in two different designs
• The savonius rotor
• The darrieus rotor
6. Describe the potential for wind power in India ? (April 2012)
Ans:-
the solar potential of India is around 749 GW. Out of which only 12 GW has been commissioned
stating the fact that only 1.6% of the total solar potential have been exploited properly. Because of
this high solar potential, India is considered to be as one of the leading country in terms of solar
energy. You can get the whole state wise solar potential from the Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy (MNRE) site.The wind potential may vary from 748 GW- 946 GW depending upon its
various capacity factor.
7. Explain various configurations of wind turbines in details with neat diagrams.( May 2013)
Ans:
The basic wind energy conversion device is the wind turbine. Although various designs and
configurations exist, these turbines are generally grouped into two types:
94
1. vertical-axis wind turbines, in which the axis of rotation is vertical with respect to the ground (and
roughly perpendicular to the wind stream),

2. horizontal-axis turbines, in which the axis of rotation is horizontal with respect to the ground (and
roughly parallel to the wind stream.)

The Figure illustrates the two types of turbines and typical subsystems for an electricity generation
application. The subsystems include a blade or rotor, which converts the energy in the wind to
rotational shaft energy; a drive train, usually including a gearbox and a generator; a tower that
supports the rotor and drive train; and other equipment, including controls, electrical cables, ground
support equipment, and interconnection equipment

8. Explain the process of anaerobic digestion. (April 2012)

Ans:-
Anaerobic digestion is a series of biological processes in which microorganisms break down
biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. One of the end products is biogas, which is
combusted to generate electricity and heat, or can be processed into renewable natural gas and
transportation fuels. Gaseous oxygen is excluded from the reactions by physical containment.
Anaerobes utilize electron acceptors from sources other than oxygen gas. These acceptors can be the
organic material itself or may be supplied by inorganic oxides from within the input material. When
the oxygen source in an anaerobic system is derived from the organic material itself, the 'intermediate'
end products are primarily alcohols, aldehydes, and organic acids, plus carbon dioxide. In the
presence of specialised methanogens, the intermediates are converted to the 'final' end products of
methane, carbon dioxide, and trace levels of hydrogen sulfide. In an anaerobic system, the majority of
the chemical energy contained within the starting material is released by methanogenic bacteria as
methane
9. Discuss about the performance curves of wind turbines. (May 2012)

95
Cut-in speed.
At very low wind speeds, there is insufficient torque exerted by the wind on the turbine blades to
make them rotate. However, as the speed increases, the wind turbine will begin to rotate and generate
electrical power. The speed at which the turbine first starts to rotate and generate power is called
the cut-in speed and is typically between 3 and 4 metres per second.

Rated output power and rate output wind speed.

As the wind speed rises above the cut-in speed, the level of electrical ouput power rises rapidly as
shown. However, typically somewhere between 12 and 17 metres per second, the power output
reaches the limit that the electrical generator is capable of. This limit to the generator output is called
the rated power outputand the wind speed at which it is reached is called the rated output wind
speed. At higher wind speeds, the design of the turbine is arranged to limit the power to this
maximum level and there is no further rise in the output power. How this is done varies from design
to design but typically with large turbines, it is done by adjusting the blade angles so as to to keep the
power at the constant level.

Cut-out speed.
As the speed increases above the rate output wind speed, the forces on the turbine structure continue
to rise and, at some point, there is a risk of damage to the rotor. As a result, a braking system is
employed to bring the rotor to a standstill. This is called the cut-out speed and is usually around 25
metres per second.
10. Discuss about the energetic involve in anaerobic digestion. ( April 2014)
Ans:
Anaerobic digestion is a series of biological processes in which microorganisms break down
biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. One of the end products is biogas, which is
combusted to generate electricity and heat, or can be processed into renewable natural gas and
transportation fuels. Gaseous oxygen is excluded from the reactions by physical containment.
Anaerobes utilize electron acceptors from sources other than oxygen gas. These acceptors can be the
organic material itself or may be supplied by inorganic oxides from within the input material. When
the oxygen source in an anaerobic system is derived from the organic material itself, the 'intermediate'
end products are primarily alcohols, aldehydes, and organic acids, plus carbon dioxide. In the
presence of specialised methanogens, the intermediates are converted to the 'final' end products of
methane, carbon dioxide, and trace levels of hydrogen sulfide. In an anaerobic system, the majority of
the chemical energy contained within the starting material is released by methanogenic bacteria as
methane
96
11. List out the differences between horizontal and vertical wind mills.(May 2013)
Ans:-
Axis of rotation: It is the main and biggest difference they have. As the name say horizontal axis wind
turbine have axis of rotation parallel to the ground and vertical axis wind turbine have axis of rotation
perpendicular.

Number of blades working at a time: If we take 3 blades wind turbine then in horizontal axis wind
turbine all three blades work at a time while in vertical axis wind turbine one blade work at a time.

12. Classify different wind turbines with diagram.(May 2012)

13. Describe the potential for wind power in India . (April 2012)
Ans:-
Wind power generation capacity in India has significantly increased in recent years. As of the end of
October 2017 the total installed wind power capacity was 32.72 GW, mainly spread across the South,
West and North regions.[1] By the end of 2015, India had the fourth largest installed wind power
capacity in the world.[2][3] The levelised tariff of wind power reached a record low of ₹2.64(4.1¢
US) per kWh (without any direct or indirect subsidies) during auctions for wind projects in October
2017. Before that the tariff was Rs. 3.42/kWh in August 2017 in a competitive bid managed by
TANGEDCO (Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation).

14. Describe the potential for wind power in India . (April 2012)
Ans:-
Wind power generation capacity in India has significantly increased in recent years. As of the end of
October 2017 the total installed wind power capacity was 32.72 GW, mainly spread across the South,
West and North regions. By the end of 2015, India had the fourth largest installed wind power
capacity in the world. The levelised tariff of wind power reached a record low of ₹2.64(4.1¢ US) per
kWh (without any direct or indirect subsidies) during auctions for wind projects in October 2017.

97
Before that the tariff was Rs. 3.42/kWh in August 2017 in a competitive bid managed by
TANGEDCO (Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation).
UNIT-IV

1. Draw the hydrothermal convective region. (R13 May 2017)

ANS :

2. What is meant by Bio fouling. (R13 May 2017)

ANS :
Biofouling or biological fouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or animals on
wetted surfaces. Such accumulation is referred to as epibiosis when the host surface is another
organism and the relationship is not parasitic.

3. Classify various geothermal resources. (May 2013)

Ans:-
Geothermal energy comes in either vapor-dominated or liquid-dominated forms. Larderello and
The Geysers are vapor-dominated. Vapor-dominated sites offer temperatures from 240 to 300 °C
that produce superheated steam.
Liquid-dominated plants
Liquid-dominated reservoirs (LDRs) were more common with temperatures greater than 200 °C
(392 °F) and are found near young volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean and in rift zones and
hot spots. Flash plants are the common way to generate electricity from these sources. Pumps are
generally not required, powered instead when the water turns to steam. Most wells generate 2-10
MWe. Steam is separated from liquid via cyclone separators, while the liquid is returned to the
reservoir for reheating/reuse. As of 2013, the largest liquid system is Cerro Prieto in Mexico,
which generates 750 MWe from temperatures reaching 350 °C (662 °F). The Salton Sea field in
Southern California offers the potential of generating 2000 MWe.[18]
Lower temperature LDRs (120 –200 °C) require pumping. They are common in extensional
terrains, where heating takes place via deep circulation along faults, such as in the Western US
and Turkey. Water passes through a heat exchanger in a Rankine cycle binary plant. The water
vaporizes an organic working fluid that drives a turbine. These binary plants originated in the
Soviet Union in the late 1960s and predominate in new US plants. Binary plants have no
emissions
4. What is geothermal energy?List out the geothermal regions in India.(April 2012)
Ans:-
Geothermal energy comes from the heat within the earth. The word "geothermal" comes from the
Greek words geo, meaning earth," and therme, meaning "heat." People around the world use
geothermal energy to produce electricity, to heat buildings and greenhouses, and for other
purposes.The earth's core lies almost 4,000 miles beneath the earth's surface. The double-layered

98
core is made up of very hot molten iron surrounding a solid iron center. Estimates of the
temperature of the core range from 5,000 to 11,000 degrees Fahrenheit (F). Heat is continuously
produced within the earth by the slow decay of radioactive particles that is natural in all rocks.
Surrounding the earth's core is the mantle, thought to be partly rock and partly magma. The
mantle is about 1,800 miles thick. The outermost layer of the earth, the insulating crust, is not
one continuous sheet of rock, like the shell of an egg, but is broken into pieces called plates.
These slabs of continents and ocean floor drift apart and push against each other at the rate of
about one inch per year in a process called continental drift.Magma (molten rock) may come
quite close to the surface where the crust has been thinned, faulted, or fractured by plate
tectonics. When this near-surface heat is transferred to water, a usable form of geother- energy is
created.Geothermal energy is called a renewable energy source because the water is replenished
by rainfall, and the heat is continuously produced by the earth.
5. Briefly describe the classes of geothermal regions ( May 2012)
Ans:-
there are three basic types of geothermal power plants:
Dry steam plants use steam directly from a geothermal reservoir to turn generator turbines. The first
geothermal power plant was built in 1904 in Tuscany, Italy, where natural steam erupted from the
earth.
Flash steam plants take high-pressure hot water from deep inside the earth and convert it to steam to
drive generator turbines. When the steam cools, it condenses to water and is injected back into the
ground to be used again. Most geothermal power plants are flash steam plants.
Binary cycle power plants transfer the heat from geothermal hot water to another liquid. The heat
causes the second liquid to turn to steam, which is used to drive a generator turbine.

6. What is the potential of geothermal energy worldwide

Ans:-
Direct use potential has similar multiples to current use. While estimating geothermal energy
potential is difficult, the industry consensus is that growth will not be resource constrained over the
next half century.
At the end of 2015, global installed geothermal power capacity reached 13.2 GW. The countries with
the largest installed capacity were the US, Philippines, Indonesia, Mexico and New Zealand.
World geothermal heat use (direct & storage) reached in 2014 563 PJs. Roughly 40% represents
direct use; the balance comprises energy used from heat pumps. China dominates heat usage with
over half of the world’s consumption. Europe is the second largest user with 30% of world
consumption. Direct heat use is geographically concentrated in regions above 35o latitude due to
heating requirements during winter.

7. Explain the operation of various geothermal systems with schematic diagrams. (May 2013)
Ans:
The heat removed from the indoor air during the summer can also be used to provide a free source of
hot water. There are four types of geothermal heat pumpsystems. Three of these—horizontal,
vertical, and pond/lake—are closed-loopsystems. The fourth type is open-loop.

8.What is geothermal energy? List out the geothermal regions in India.

Ans:
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of
geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles
beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten
rock called magma.

99
• Puga Valley (J&K)
• Tatapani (Chhattisgarh)
• Godavari Basin Manikaran (Himachal Pradesh)
• Bakreshwar (West Bengal)
• Tuwa (Gujarat)
• Unai (Maharashtra)
• Jalgaon (Maharashtra)

9. Discuss about the potential of geothermal energy in India.

Ans:
Plans to build India's first geothermal power plants are underway. Indian states Gujarat,
Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal are the first of many to announce interest in
developing the BRIC country's first geothermal energy plant, with power capacity in the range of
3MW to 5MW.The news follows reports in July that the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
of India (MNRE) plans to set up a geothermal energy policy later this year to guide future
projects.
The news came from the "Geothermal Energy - Initiative and Development" conference. Pandit
Deendayal Petroleum University organised the event, which took place on 26 July 2013 in
Gujarat's capital city Gandhinagar.
Companies involved in the Indian geothermal projects include ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas
Corporation) in Gujarat. The company has started exploring clean energy to create growth
opportunities and maximise shareholder value.

10. What is geothermal energy? List out the geothermal regions in India. (April 2012)
Ans:-
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of
geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles
beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten
rock called magma.
• Puga Valley (J&K)
• Tatapani (Chhattisgarh)
• Godavari Basin Manikaran (Himachal Pradesh)
• Bakreshwar (West Bengal)
• Tuwa (Gujarat)
• Unai (Maharashtra)
• Jalgaon (Maharashtra)
11. What is the potential of geothermal energy worldwide?

Ans:-

Plans to build India's first geothermal power plants are underway. Indian states Gujarat, Chhattisgarh,
Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal are the first of many to announce interest in developing the BRIC
country's first geothermal energy plant, with power capacity in the range of 3MW to 5MW.The news
follows reports in July that the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy of India (MNRE) plans to set
up a geothermal energy policy later this year to guide future projects.

The news came from the "Geothermal Energy - Initiative and Development" conference. Pandit
Deendayal Petroleum University organised the event, which took place on 26 July 2013 in Gujarat's
capital city Gandhinagar.

100
Companies involved in the Indian geothermal projects include ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas
Corporation) in Gujarat. The company has started exploring clean energy to create growth
opportunities and maximise shareholder value.

12. Give various applications of geothermal energy. (April 2012)

Ans:-
Near-surface geothermal energy, known as “very low enthalpy” energy, is produced by extracting heat
(at a maximum of 40°C) from the subsoil or in near-surface aquifers at depths of a few metres to 200-
300 metres.
These applications can be used for heating, cooling and producing domestic hot water in individual
housing, but also in the tertiary sector and in collective housing
UNIT-V

1. What are the Limitations of Carnot cycle in DEC? (R13 May 2017)
ANS :
Isothermal process is possible if it is very slow and Isentropic process is possible if it very fast. This
alternate combination of very fast, very slow, very fast and very slow is not possible to achieve in
actual practice and these are thus the limitations of this cycle.

2. Explain the concepts of see beck effect. (R13 May 2017)

ANS :
The See beck effect is a phenomenon in which a temperature difference between two dissimilar
electrical conductors or semiconductors produces a voltage difference between the two substances.
When heat is applied to one of the two conductors or semiconductors, heated electrons flow toward
the cooler one.

3. What is fuel cell? Classify fuel cells..( May 2013)

Ans:-
A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity
through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.[1] Fuel
cells are different from batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen (usually from
air) to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemical energy comes from chemicals
already present in the battery. Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as fuel and
oxygen are supplied.
There are many types of fuel cells, but they all consist of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte that
allows positively charged hydrogen ions (protons) to move between the two sides of the fuel cell

4. Write Short notes on Need for DEC ( April 2014)

Ans:-
Direct energy conversion (DEC) or simply direct conversion converts a charged particle's kinetic
energy into a voltage. It is a scheme for power extraction from nuclear fusion

5. Describe Carnot cycle ( April 2014 )

Ans:-
The Carnot cycle is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle proposed by French physicist Sadi Carnot in
1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s. It provides an upper limit on the
efficiency that any classical thermodynamic engine can achieve during the conversion of heat into
work, or conversely, the efficiency of a refrigeration system in creating a temperature difference (e.g.

101
refrigeration) by the application of work to the system. It is not an actual thermodynamic cycle but is
a theoretical construct.
Every single thermodynamic system exists in a particular state. When a system is taken through a
series of different states and finally returned to its initial state, a thermodynamic cycle is said to have
occurred. In the process of going through this cycle, the system may perform work on its
surroundings, thereby acting as a heat engine. A system undergoing a Carnot cycle is called a Carnot
heat engine, although such a "perfect" engine is only a theoretical construct and cannot be built in
practice. However, a microscopic Carnot heat engine has been designed and run

6.Explain the principle of MHD generation. (May 2013)

Ans:-
The principle of operation of MHD generators as well as conventional electrical generators is
based on Faraday's induction law. In an electrically conducting fluid, moving at velocity in a
magnetic field , an electromotive force ( × ) is induced.

7.Write short notes on Carnot cycle (April 2012)

The Carnot cycle when acting as a heat engine consists of the following steps: Reversible isothermal
expansion of the gas at the "hot" temperature, T 1 (isothermal heat addition or absorption). Isentropic
(reversible adiabatic) expansion of the gas (isentropic work output).

8.Explain the working of solar concentrator ( April 2014, May 2012)

Ans:-
A solar concentrator uses lenses, called Fresnel lenses, which take a large area of sunlight and direct it
towards a specific spot by bending the rays of light and focusing them. Some people use the same
principle when they use a magnifying lens to focus the Sun's rays on a pile of kindling or paper to
start fires.
9.Explain Biogas for IC Engines
Ans:-
Biogas derived from organic waste materials is a promising alternative and renewable gaseous fuel
for internal combustion (IC) engines and could substitute for conventional fossil fuels. The aims of
102
this study are to review the past researches on biogas fuelled IC engines and from this review, to
identify current research needs. A detailed analysis of the previous results of biogas fueling on the
emissions and performance of spark ignition (SI) and dual fuel compression ignition (CI) engines is
presented. The literature review reveals that the published research on biogas fueled IC engines are
not rich in number and the scenario of biogas-diesel dual fuel engines is even worse. According to the
analysis, biogas fueling in IC engines causes lower power output compared to natural gas,
irrespective of the engine operating conditions. However, the use of biogas allows exhaust nitrogen
oxides (NOx) emissions to be reduced substantially. Both experimental and computational analyses
have been done in the case of SI engines. However, there are needs to investigate the exhaust
emissions for the biogas-diesel dual fuel engines both experimentally and computationally. Also the
effect of H2 S on engine emissions and life/durability, which is neglected very often in the literature,
needs to be investigated.
10. Write Short notes on Need for DEC. ( April 2014)
Ans:-
Electrostatic direct collectors. In the middle of the 1960s direct energy conversion was proposed as a
method for capturing the energy from the exhaust gas in a fusion reactor. Post reasoned that capturing
the energy would require five steps: Ordering the charged particles into linear beam.
11. Explain the Principles of DEC systems. (May 2012)
Ans:-
1. Thermo nuclear fusion power generation
2. Magneto hydro dynamic systems
3. Thermo ionic power generation
4. Thermo electric power generation
Each part will explains the principles of DEC
12. Explain Biogas for IC Engines.
Ans:-
Biogas derived from organic waste materials is a promising alternative and renewable gaseous
fuel for internal combustion (IC) engines and could substitute for conventional fossil fuels. The aims
of this study are to review the past researches on biogas fuelled IC engines and from this review, to
identify current research needs. A detailed analysis of the previous results of biogas fueling on the
emissions and performance of spark ignition (SI) and dual fuel compression ignition (CI) engines is
presented. The literature review reveals that the published research on biogas fueled IC engines are
not rich in number and the scenario of biogas-diesel dual fuel engines is even worse. According to the
analysis, biogas fueling in IC engines causes lower power output compared to natural gas,
irrespective of the engine operating conditions. However, the use of biogas allows exhaust nitrogen
oxides (NOx) emissions to be reduced substantially. Both experimental and computational analyses
have been done in the case of SI engines. However, there are needs to investigate the exhaust
emissions for the biogas-diesel dual fuel engines both experimentally and computationally. Also the
effect of H2 S on engine emissions and life/durability, which is neglected very often in the literature,
needs to be investigated.
Renewable Energy Sources
Question Bank
PART -B

UNIT-I
1) a) What are the reasons for variation in solar radiation reaching the earth than received at the
onside of the atmosphere.
103
b) Calculate the angle made by the beam radiation with normal to a flat plate collector, point due
south located new Delhi (20 º 38' N,77 º 17' E at 9:00 hr, solar time on December 1. The collector is
tilted at an angle of 36 with the horizontal.(R13 May 2017)

2) a) How do you calculate solar radiation on tilted surfaces?

b)List out the steps involved in the calculation of local solar time and day length and give needed
formulae.(R13 May 2017)
3) Briefly explain the role and potential of new and renewable energy with reference to India April
2014
4) Explain solar energy (R13 May 2014)
5) Explain how to estimate solar radiation on tilted surface? (April 2014)

UNIT-II
1) a) Derive the equation for solar energy balance equation and collector efficiency their advantages
and limitations
b) Enumerate different types of concentrating collectors and also list out advantages and
limitations.(R13 May 2017)

2) a) Describe the layout and working of a continuous solar cooling system.

b)Explain the principle of solar photovoltaic power generation. (R13 May 2017)
3) Explain Solar applications
4) Describe thermal analysis of Owen-Illinois collector . (April 2013)
5) Describe Photovoltaic energy conversion (April 2014)
6) Explain the construction and operation of any two instruments used for measuring. Solar radiation.
(April 2015)
UNIT-III
1) a) Explain the advantages and limitations of wind energy conversion systems
b) Derive the expression for power developed due to wind.(R13 May 2017)

2) a) Compare and contrast the biomass and bio-gas.

b) What is a community biogas plant? Explain the problems encountered in it. (R13 May 2017)
3) List out the differences between horizontal and vertical wind mills (May 2016)
4) Explain the S.I. engine operation using biogas. (May 2015)
5) Explain the working of solar concentrator (April 2014)
6) What is photovoltaic cell? Discuss about its characteristics ( May 2013 )
UNIT-IV
1) a) With Line diagram Explain the heat extraction from hot dry rocks
b) What are the possible sources of geo thermal pollution? How to avoid them ?(R13 May 2017)

2) a) Draw the line diagram and explain the working of hybrid OTEC cycle.
b) Explain the working of single basin tidal power plant. (R13 May 2017)
3) Give various applications of geothermal energy. (April 2012)
4) Explain the harnessing techniques of geothermal energy. (April 2012)
5) Briefly describe the classes of geothermal regions. (May 2012 )
6) Discuss about the energetic involve in anaerobic digestion. (May 2014 )
UNIT-V
104
1) a) Explain the concept of joule Thompson effect and its applications.
b) Explain the working details of MHD accelerator.(R13 May 2017)

2) a) Draw the line diagram and explain the working of hydrogen fuel cell.
b) What is meant by Electron gas dynamic conversion and where do you use this principle.
3) Explain Biogas for IC Engines (R13 May 2017)
4) What is fuel cell? Classify fuel cells. Explain the construction and operation of any three cells in details.
(May 2013)
5) What is fuel cell? Classify fuel cells. Explain the construction and operation of any three cells in
details. (May 2015)
6) What is the source of Tidal Energy? What is the minimum tidal range required for practical power
plant? How much is the potential in tides. (May 2014)
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS

105
 UNIT-I

Classify various energy sources and explain them?

Explain the construction and operation of any two instruments used for solar
radiation ?

Write short notes on extraterrestrial and terrestrial solar radiation?

Define Solar constant, incident angle, latitude angle?

Explain solar distillation?

UNIT-II

Explain the various configurations for the concentrating collectors.

Write short notes on selecting absorber coatings?

Write short notes on materials for flat plate collectors?

Write short notes on evacuated solar collectors?

Describe the method of testing of solar collectors using water and air as heat
transfer fluid?
UNIT-III

Explain different methods of storing solar energy?

Describe a passive solar space heating system?

Explain solar distillation?

4 Explain solar photovoltaic conversion system with the simple sketch?

Write short notes on wind store energy storage?

UNIT-IV

What are the various advantages of anaerobic digestion?

Discuss in detail with a neat sketch about the working of a windmill?

Write short notes on applications wind store energy

Prove that maximum power coefficiency Cp for a windmill is 0.593?

Briefly explain about solid bio-fuels. Also write about their applications?

UNIT-V

Write short notes on need for direct energy conversion?

Describe the operation of a thermionic convertor.

Explain the thermoelectric generator.

Explain the following a. seebeck effect b.peltier effect c. Thomson effect.

Draw the diagram of mini hydel power plant and explain the operational features?
106
 GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS (AUTONOMOUS)

IV Year B.Tech. I-Sem L T P C

4 0 0 4
Course Objectives: Understand the importance of Production planning & control. Learning way
of carrying out various functions it so as to produce right product, right quantity at right time with
minimum cost.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to, Understand production
systems and their characteristics. Evaluate MRP and JIT systems against traditional inventory
control systems. Understand basics of variability and its role in the performance of a production
system. Analyze aggregate planning strategies. Apply forecasting and scheduling techniques to
production systems. Understand theory of constraints for effective management of production
systems.

UNIT – I
Introduction: Definition – Objectives of Production Planning and Control – Functions of
production planning and control - Types of production systems - Organization of production
planning and control department.
Forecasting – Definition- uses of forecast- factors affecting the forecast- types of forecasting-
their uses - general principle of forecasting. Forecasting techniques- quantitative and qualitative
techniques. Measures of forecasting errors.

UNIT – II
Inventory management – Functions of inventories – relevant inventory costs – ABC analysis –
VED analysis – Basic EOQ model- Inventory control systems –continuous review systems and
periodic review systems, MRP I, MRP II, ERP, JIT Systems - Basic Treatment only.
Aggregate planning – Definition – aggregate-planning strategies – aggregate planning methods
– transportation model.

UNIT – III
Line Balancing: Terminology, Methods of Line Balancing, RPW method, Largest Candidate
method and Heuristic method.
Routing – Definition – Routing procedure – Factors affecting routing procedure, Route Sheet.

UNIT – IV
Scheduling –Definition – Scheduling Policies – types of scheduling methods – differences with
loading – flow shop scheduling – job shop scheduling, line of balance (LOB) –
objectives - steps involved.

UNIT – V
Dispatching: Definition – activities of dispatcher – dispatching procedures – various forms used
in dispatching.
Follow up: definition – types of follow up – expediting – definition – expediting procedures-
Applications of computers in planning and control.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Production Planning and Control - M.Mahajan-Dhanpati rai & Co
2. Production Planning and Contral-Jain & Jain - Khanna publications
REFRENCE BOOKS:
1. Production Planning Control – Text & Cases / SK Mukhopadhyaya/PHI
2. Production and operations Management- R Panneer Selvan-PHI.
107
 3. Operations management by chase/PHI.
Consolidated unit wise Lesson plan:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
Introduction: Definition - Objectives of Production Planning and Control -
Functions of production planning and control Types of production systems
– Organization production planning and control department.
I Forecasting Definition- uses of forecast- factors affecting the forecast- 18
types forecasting- their uses general principle of forecasting. Forecasting
techniques -quantitative and qualitative techniques. Measures of
forecasting errors.
Inventory management - Functions of inventories relevant inventory costs
– ABC analysis - VED analysis - Basic EOQ model- Inventory control
systems –continuous review systems and periodic review systems, MRP I,
II 15
MRP II, ERP, JIT Systems Basic Treatment only.
Aggregate planning - Definition - aggregate-planning strategies-aggregate
planning methods - transportation model.
Line Balancing: Terminology, Methods of Line Balancing, RPW method,
III Largest Candidate method and Heuristic method. Routing-Definition - 13
Routing procedure Factors affecting routing procedure, Route Sheet
Scheduling-Definition Scheduling Policies types of scheduling methods-
IV difference with loading - flow shop scheduling - job shop scheduling, line 12
of balance (LOB) - objectives - steps involved.
Dispatching: Definition activities of dispatcher - dispatching procedures
–various forms used in dispatching.
V 12
Follow up definition types of follow up expediting definition expediting
procedures-Applications of computers in planning and control.
TOTAL 70
TUTORIAL HOURS 10
DESCRIPTIVE TEST 02
CLASSES BEYOND SYLLABUS 02
REMEDIAL CLASSES 02
CONTACT CLASSES FOR SYLLABUS COVERAGE 02
TOTAL HOURS 88

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
T1 Production Planning and Control - M.Mahajan-Dhanpati rai & Co
T2 Operations management - Heizer- Pearson.
R1 Production Planning and Contral-Jain & Jain - Khanna publications
R2 Production and operations Management/ Ajay K Garg / Mc Graw Hill
R3 Production Planning Control – Text & Cases / SK Mukhopadhyaya/PHI

COURSE OBJECTIVES: PPC

108
 Understand the importance of Production planning & control. Learning way of carrying out
various functions it so as to produce right product, right quantity at right time with minimum
cost.

COURSE OUTCOMES: PPC

SNO DESCRIPTION PO
MAPPING
1 At the end of the course, the student will be able to, Understand production 1,3
systems and their characteristics.
2 Evaluate MRP and JIT systems against traditional inventory 2,6
control systems.
3 Understand basics of variability and its role in the performance of 1,3
production system.
4 Analyze aggregate planning strategies. 1
5 Apply forecasting and scheduling techniques to production systems. 3
6 Understand theory of constraints for effective management of production 1
systems.

Course outcomes / Program Outcomes

Program Outcomes
Course outcomes
BTL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
At the end of the course, the student will
be able to, Understand production systems 1,2,6 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
and their characteristics.
Evaluate MRP and JIT systems against
2,5 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
traditional inventory control systems.
Understand basics of variability and its
role in the performance of production 3,2 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
system.
Analyze aggregate planning strategies. 3,4 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Apply forecasting and scheduling
3 3 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
techniques to production systems.
Understand theory of constraints for
effective management of production 2,4 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
systems.

Question bank
part A
1. Define Production planning control?

DEFINITIONS OF PPC: Production planning and control may be defined as the direction and co-
ordination of firm's material and physical facilities towards the attainment of pre-specified
product goals, in the most efficient and economical manner.
Samuel Elion
"The highest efficiency in production is obtained by manufacturing the required quantity of the

109
 product, of the required quality, at the required time, by the best and cheapest method."
2. Differentiate between job order production and batch order productions?

Job Order Production Batch Order

1. A small number of pieces produced
only once.
2. A small number of pieces produced
intermittently when the need arises.
3. A small number of pieces produced
periodically at known intervals of time.
1. A batch produced only once.
2. A batch produced repeatedly
irregular intervals when the need arises.
3. A batch produced periodically at
known intervals to satisfy continuous
demand

3. What are the general principles of forecasting?

1. Business Forecasting is Usually Wrong.

2. Business forecasting is more accurate for smaller time periods.
3. Your business forecast must include an estimate of error
4. The forecast must rely on historical data and external environmental factors.
4. Function of forecasting?
 Creation of plans of actions
 General use of forecasting is to be found in monitoring the continuing process &
progress of plans based on forecasting.
 Forecasting provides a warning system of the critical factors to be monitor regularly .
5. List uses of forecasting?

1. Help in effective planning

2. Help in removing the weakness of organized on STRUCTURE
3. Help in better Coordination.
4. Provides basis for effective control.
6. Define forecasting error and percentage forecasting error?
Forecasting error is the difference between actual demand and forecasted demand, stated as an
absolute value or as a percentage.
Forecasting Error = |A-F|
Forecasting Error as percentage = |A-F| / A
Where A = Actual Demand
F = Forecast Demand

UNIT-2,
Q1. What are the symptoms of poor inventory management in an organization?
Answer:
Few symptoms of poor inventory management are,
I. The amount of inventory increases much faster than the rise in sales.
2. Items which are out of stock leads to inconvenience in production on delay in deliveries to
customers
3. Increase in clerical costs relating to processing, expediting and maintaining inventories.
4. The stock of some items is in excess whereas few items are scarce.
5. Some items are misplaced and spoiled and rates of obsolescence are also high.

Q2. Enumerate the differences between ERP and MRP.

Answer:
Some of the differences between ERP and MRP are tabulated below
110
 ERP MRP
ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning. MRP stands for Materials Requirement
Planning.
ERP is an integrated information system which MRP is defined as a planning and scheduling
act as a basis for processing and storing various system to meet time-phased material
enterprise related information. requirements for performing the production
operations.

ERP deals with broadest capabilities of
manufacturing systems such as finance,
purchasing, sales and distribution, inventory
management, production management and so on.
ERP is a forward scheduling system, which is
considered as an advanced version of MRP-Il.
MRP deals with storage, production, order
processing, materials requirement planning,
scheduling etc.
MRP is a backward scheduling system. It has
modified and led to the development of
MRP-Il.

Q3. Write a short note on Kanban.

Kanban is one of the most important tools ofJIT systems. It is regarded as the heart of JIT
system. Kanban is a scheduling system which quickly and vividly communicates the demand of
the customers to the delivery system. It collects the information of what and when customers
demand so that they can produce and deliver them accordingly. Kanban' is a Japanese word which
means "card". The Kanban i.e., cards are used as the means of communication. The Kanban
system is also known as the pull scheduling system.
Q4. Explain briefly the significance of maintaining inventory.
The significance of maintaining inventory can be understood from the following points,
1. Inventory improves customer service.
2. Inventory maintenance provide scope for economies of scale.
3. Inventory helps in overcoming the problems related to uncertainties such as demand
fluctuations and variations in suppliers replenishment lead times. Inventory management enables
the firms to continue their production process even in case of natural calamities such as cyclones,
fires, floods and other problems creating variables.

Q5. What are the activities involved in the JIT manufacturing?

The following are the activities involved in the JIT manufacturing
1. JIT systems are mainly used for reducing the inventory levels at all the production stages i.e.,
raw materials, work-in- progress and finished goods.
2. JIT system develops such procedures which not only help in enhancing the quality within the
organization but also outside the organization. The use of JIT system results in reducing the set up
and lead times.
3. It makes use of preventive maintenance for decreasing the chances of equipment break-downs.
4. It acts as an important tool which helps the firm to attain competitive advantage over its rivals
in the market.

Q6. Define Inventory. What are the various types of inventory?

Inventory:- The goods or commodities that are stored in an organization to ensure efficient and
smooth running of business are called inventories. The goods or commodities refer to finished
products, raw materials in process, packaging Spares etc
Types of Inventories
Classification is done has
1. Direct Inventories
2. Indirect Inventories

111
 UNIT-3
Q1. What do you understand by Route Sheet and Work Sheet?
Route Sheet
A route sheet: Shows the details of section (department) and the specific machine, on which the
work is to be performed a written specification or document which gives essential information
and working data for conversion of raw materials into finished parts or products is termed as
'route sheet'. In fact, route sheet specifies each and every step in the production operation
Work Sheet
Work sheet usually includes the following.
1. All the details to be considered while manufacturing,
2. The routing instructions about each part with identification machines and work place of
operation
However, this sheet is made for manufacturing and maintenance

Q2. Define and explain the following terms: Work station

It is the location on the assembly line where a combination of a few work elements is performed
on the part or component of the product. Minimum number of workstations cannot be less than
one.
Q3. What are the objective of Routing?
Objectives of Routing
The main objective of routing is to select the best and cheapest way to carryout a job. Following
are some of the objectives of routing,
(a) The types of available machines.
(b) Capacity of each machine.
(C) Labour needed for each machine.
(d) Employees efficiency.

Q4. Define and explain the following terms: Work element

The job is divided in to its component tasks so that the work may be spread along the line at
various workstations. Work element is a part of the total job content in the line. Work element is
the minimum rational division of work beyond which it is impractical to further sub-divide the
work. The time in a work element is assumed as constant.
Q5.What is Line of Balance (LOB)? Discuss the assumptions and significance of LOB
The Line of Balance (LOB) technique is useful in scheduling and control of production. It helps
in identifying the review date, quantity of items that are completed by that date and quantity of
the items that have passed through the previous stages of operations so as to ensure that the
production of goods are completed as per the delivery schedule.
Q6. Define and explain the following terms: cycle time.
Cycle time is detected by the specific desired rate of production. It is the time required to
complete one job. That is, it represents the time, after which a finished product comes of the
production line.
For a given assembly line, the cycle time equals the time of bottleneck operation or the maximum
station time.

UNIT - IV
1. Define scheduling?
Scheduling is the process of arranging, controlling and optimizing work and workloads in a
production process or manufacturing process. Scheduling is used to allocate plant and machinery
resources, plan human resources, plan production processes and purchase materials.
2. What are scheduling polices?
 Operation monitoring dates

112
  No work pay guaranties
 Short work schedules
 Period and pile UPS.

3. Define line of balance?

Line of Balance (LOB) is a management control process for collecting, measuring and presenting
facts relating to time (see Schedule Control), cost and accomplishment – all measured against a
specific plan.
4. What are the objectives of line of balance?
The main objective of line balancing is to distribute the task evenly over the work station so that
idle time to man of machine can be minimized and to minimize total of idle time on the whole
work station on a certain level of output. In general, the main purpose of line balancing is how to
minimize the number
5. Difference in loading?
A load means the quantity of work, and allocating the quantity of work to the processes necessary
to manufacture each item is called loading. It is performed in the CRP (Capacity Requirements
Planning) of the manufacturing planning. This method enables loading for each process or each
period
UNIT-V
1. Definition of dispatching?
Dispatching is the routine of setting productive activities in motion through the release of orders
and necessary instructions according to pre-planned times and sequence of operations embodied
in route sheets and loading schedules.
2. Describe any 2 forms used in dispatching?
Dispatch is a procedure for assigning employees (workers) or vehicles to customers.
Industries ... Theskills required of a dispatcher are greatly enhanced with the use of ... Each
vehicle working the current shift has a peg with a tag describing the .... One evaluation looked at
1) peak of busy hour usage, 2) average hourly
3. What are the dispatching rules?
A dispatching rule is a rule that prioritises all the jobs that are awaiting for processing on a
machine. Whenever a machine has been freed, a dispatching rule inspects the waiting jobs and
selects the job with the highest priority.
4. Describe the follow up?
It is one stage of production control which involves the Conversation of the palns in to action
The follow up is known as Expediting or progressing
Purpose:
(1) To analyses the current position of production.
(2) It guides to those department who are lagging behind in order to improve their Operations
5. What are Types of Follow up?
1. Materials follow up
2. Work-in-process follow up
3. Assembly and Erection follow up

GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS (Autonomous)

Branch: Mechanical Engineering Year / Sem: 4TH / 1ST
Sub: Production planning control Sub code: ME0741
QUESTION BANK
Part –B: Marks Questions: 10
Unit No Question Type/Category
113
 1. a) Explain the relationship between ‘production’, ‘planning’, and Derivation/
‘control’ describe briefly the three phases of PPC. Explanation
b) Distinguish between the continuous and intermittent
production systems. R09 (MAY 2016)
What are the objectives & functions of PPC? Derivation/
Explanation
What are the factors affecting forecasting? Derivation/
Explanation
a) Define sales forecasting and List out the methods of sales Derivation/
forecasting. R09 (MAY 2016) Explanation
b) What are the levels of aggregation in forecasting for a
U-1 manufacturing organization? R13 (MAY 2017)
a)Briefly explain the prerequisites of PPC R13 (MAY 2017) Difficult
b) Explain the production lifecycle with the aid of a graph
A)"PPC regulates and controls "how,"where," and when work is to Difficult
be done. What do Problem/ Analysis
you understand by this statement? R13 (MAY 2017)
b)State the principles of good production planning and control
a) What are the different methods of aggregate planning? List out Derivation/
the guidelines for aggregate planning? Explanation
b) How does Chase planning differ from expediting? R09 (MAY
2016)
a) Explain the procedure involved in carrying ABC analysis. Derivation/
b) What are short comings of ABC classification. APRIL 2011 Explanation
Compare and contrast ABC and VED analysis for classifying of Derivation/
items. Apr/May 2009 Explanation
Explain briefly the need for Aggregate Planning. Derivation/
Explanation
.Define Just-in-Time (JIT) Inventory. What are its objectives and Difficult
characteristics?
U-2
DAT Inc produces a digital audiotapes to be used in the consumer Difficult
audio division. DAT lacks sufficient personnel in its inventory Problem/ Analysis
supply section to closely control each item stoked. So assume that it
has asked you to determine an ABC classification.
Here is a sample from the inventory:
Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
no
Annua 700 200 2000 1100 4000 100 3000
l use
Price 6 4 12 20 21 10 2

Develop an ABC classification for these 10 items. April/May 2012

UNIT 6. Define Inventory. What are the various types of inventory? Derivation/
III Explanation
Q1. What do you understand by Route Sheet and Work Sheet? Derivation/
Explanation
Q2. Define and explain the following terms: Work station Derivation/
Explanation
114
 Q3. What are the objective of Routing? Derivation/
Explanation
Q4. Define and explain the following terms: Work element Difficult

Q5.What is Line of Balance (LOB)? Discuss the assumptions and Difficult

significance of LOB Problem/ Analysis

Q6. Define and explain the following terms: cycle time. Derivation/
Explanation
a) State and explain standard scheduling rules? Derivation/
b) State the objectives of routing? (New) Explanation
Describe briefly line of balance technique of project scheduling? Derivation/
(New) Explanation
UNIT a) What is scheduling and what its objectives? (New) Derivation/
IV b) Describe the factors effecting scheduling? (New) Explanation
Describe A) master scheduling and Difficult
B) Production scheduling? (New)
Describe route sheet with suitable example? Difficult
Problem/ Analysis
A) Differentiate between centralized dispatching and decentralized Derivation/
dispatching. Explanation
b) Describe the follow up or control face of PPC?
R09 (MAY 2016)
a)What are the functions of dispatching? Derivation/
b) When do you prefer decentralized dispatching to centralize Explanation
dispatching? Explain their features? R13 (MAY 2017)
UNIT What are the stages of follow up? Explain any two. R13 (MAY Derivation/
V 2017) Explanation
What is dispatching? State various activities of dispatching? (New) Difficult

A) Name and describe common forms used for dispatching? (New) Difficult
B) what are uses of dispatching? Problem/ Analysis
Write a sequence of dispatching activities? (New) Derivation/
Explanation

OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is not a part of Five M’s?
a. Material
b. Machine
c. Motion
d. Method
(Ans:c)
2. The correct sequence of operations in production planning and control is
a. Routing-Scheduling-Dispatching-Follow up
b. Scheduling-Routing- Dispatching-Follow up
115
 c. Dispatching-Routing-Scheduling- Follow up
d. Routing-Scheduling-Follow up-Dispatching
(Ans:a)

3. Which of the following is true for ‘Routing’?

a. It is flow of work in the plant
b. Route sheets include list of machine tools that are to be followed
c. It depends upon material handling facilities
d. All of the above
(Ans:d)

4. Loading may be defined as

a. Sending the raw material to the machine
b. Sending the finished material to the store
c. Assign the work to the facilities
d. Uploading a software in machine control panel
(Ans:c)

5. Dispatching authorizes the start of production operations by

i. Release of material and components from stores to first process
ii. Release of material from process to process
iii. Issue of drawings instruction sheets

Which of the following is (are) true?

a. Only i
b. Only ii
c. i & ii
d. i , ii & iii
(Ans:d)

6. The bill of material does not consists of

a. Part number
b. Specifications of part
c. Name of the part
d. Price of the part
(Ans:d)

7. Procurement cycle time is time consumed for

a. Receiving of raw material
b. Inspection of various raw materials
c. Inspection of purchased components parts
d. All of the above
(Ans:d)

8. The transit time consist of

a. Time taken by raw material from machine to machine
b. Time consumed in moving the work between various departments
c. Time taken by a worker to machine a component
d. None of the above
116
(Ans:b)

9. Master schedule is prepared for

a. Single product continuous production
b. Multi product batch production
c. Assembly product continuous production
d. Single product batch production
(Ans:c)

10. Which of the following chart is drawn Machine vs time?

a. Man machine chart
b. The load chart
c. The progress chart
d. Curve chart
(Ans:b)

11. Gantt chart is mostly used for

a. Routing
b. Scheduling
c. Follow up
d. Inspection and quality control
(Ans:b)

12. Key to chart is provided in

a. Man machine chart
b. The load chart
c. The progress chart
d. Gantt chart
(Ans:d)

13. Centralized and decentralized are the types of

a. Routing
b. Dispatching
c. Scheduling
d. Follow up
(Ans:b)

117
 GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS (AUTONOMOUS)

IV YEAR B.Tech ME- I SEM L T/P C

4 0/0 4

(ME0756) ROBOTICS
Professional Elective -V

Pre-requisites: Basic principles of Kinematics and mechanics.

Course Outcomes:
 Describing the configurations of robots, sensors and various grippers’.
 Analyzing the basic rotation matrices and the manipulator kinematics.
 Application of differential kinematics and robot dynamics for solving problems on manipulators as
well as designing and planning the trajectory.
 Comparing different actuators and feedback components.
 Evaluating the application of robots in material handling, assembly, inspection etc.

Unit – I
Introduction: Automation and Robotics, CAD/CAM and Robotics – An over view of Robotics – present
and future applications.
Components of the Industrial Robotics: common types of arms. Components, Architecture, number of
degrees of freedom – Requirements and challenges of end effectors, Design of end effectors, Precision of
Movement: Resolution, Accuracy and Repeatability, Speed of Response and Load Carrying Capacity.

Unit – II
Motion Analysis: Basic Rotation Matrices, Equivalent Axis and Angle, Euler Angles, Composite Rotation
Matrices. Homogeneous transformations as applicable to rotation and translation – problems.
Manipulator Kinematics-H notation-H method of Assignment of frames-H Transformation Matrix, joint
coordinates and world coordinates, Forward and inverse kinematics – problems on Industrial Robotic
Manipulation.

Unit – III
Differential transformation of manipulators, Jacobians – problems. Dynamics: Lagrange – Euler and
Newton – Euler formations – Problems.
Trajectory planning and avoidance of obstacles, path planning, Slew motion, joint interpolated motion –
straight line motion.

Unit – IV
Robot actuators and Feedback components:
Actuators: Pneumatic, Hydraulic actuators, electric & stepper motors, comparision of Actuators,
Feedback components: position sensors – potentiometers, resolvers, encoders – Velocity sensors, Tactile
and Range sensors, Force and Torque sensors.
Unit – V
Material Transfer - Material handling, loading and unloading- Processing - spot and continuous arc
welding & spray painting - Assembly and Inspection.
Text Books:
1. Industrial Robot Mikell, P. Groveer & Mitchell Wesis / MGH
2. An Introduction to Robot Technology, / P. Coiffet and M. Chaironze / Kogam Page
3. Robot Dynamics and Controls / Spond and Vidyasagar / John Wiley
4. Robotics/ k.S.Fu / R.C.Gonzalez/C.S.G. Lee
5. Robotic Engineering / Richard D Klafter

118
 COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 Understands the configuration of robotics which is used in industrial purpose

2 Develop mechanism using robotics to do the specific need

3 Formulate kinematic equations to calculate the position of a joints

4 Solve the forces in robotics joints
5 Design the path for moving parts in robotics

COURSE OUTCOMES:

PO
SNO DESCRIPTION
MAPPING
1 Describing the configurations of robots, sensors and various 1,2,3,6,12
grippers’.
2 Analyzing the basic rotation matrices and the manipulator kinematics. 1,2,3,4,12
3 1,2,3,9,12
Application of differential kinematics and robot dynamics for solving
problems on manipulators as well as designing and planning the trajectory.
4 Comparing different actuators and feedback components. 1,3,5,7,9
5 Evaluating the application of robots in material handling, assembly, 2,3,6,7,9,11
inspection etc.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

Course BTL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Outcomes
CO1 2 3 2 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
CO2 4 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
CO3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0
CO4 4 1 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0
CO5 5 0 2 3 0 0 2 2 0 3 0 2 0 0

Blooms Taxonomy Level

1. Remember
2. Understand
3. Apply
4. Analyze
5. Evaluate
6. Create

3 –Strong , 2 - Moderate, 1 - Poor , 0 - No Mapping

119
Consolidated unit wise lesson plan
SUBJECT ROBOTICS
FACULTY Mr.Avisek Tripathy

Text Book (to be acquired by the students)

Book 1 Industrial Robot Mikell, P. Groveer& Mitchell Wesis / MGH
Reference books
An Introduction to Robot Technology, / P. Coiffet and M. Chaironze / Kogam Page Ltd.
Book 2
1983 London.
Book 3 Robot Dynamics and Controls / Spond and Vidyasagar / John Wiley
Book 4 Robotics/ k.S.Fu / R.C.Gonzalez/C.S.G. Lee
Book 5 Robotic Engineering / Richard D Klafter

CHAPTERS No of
UNIT TOPIC
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 Classes

I Introduction 1,20 1
1 13

Motion Analysis 2,3

II 4, 5 12
Manipulator Kinematics 8
Differential Kinematics
Robot Dynamics, Trajectory
III 2,5
planning 4 1 8 18
3

IV Robot Actuators and 8,9 4

5 08
Feedback components 3,6 6

Robot application in
V 7,13,15 13
manufacturing
Contact classes for syllabus coverage 64
Lectures beyond syllabus 02
Special Descriptive Tests 02
Tutorial classes 10
Remedial classes 02
Total No. of classes 80

120
 GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS (A)
Branch: Mechanical Engineering Year / Sem: 4TH / 1ST
Sub: Robotics Sub code:
ME0756
QUESTION BANK
Part –B:
5 Marks Questions:
Unit Question Type/Category
No
1a. Describe at least three types of Kinematic devices used to Derivation/
actuate the finger moment of the mechanical gripper. Explanation
1b. Frame the resulting rotation matrix of the orientation of WVU Derivation/
or RPY Euler angle representation. Explanation
2a. What are the consideration in gripper selection and design? Derivation/
U-1 Explain? Explanation
2b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Magnetic Derivation/
grippers? Explain the two categories of magnetic grippers. Explanation
3a. Sketch and explain the four basic robot configurations Difficult
classified according to the coordinate system.

3b. What are the types of automation? Explain them with Difficult
examples.
4a. State and describe the general considerations of robot actuators Difficult
in selection and design?

4b. Explain the concept of accuracy and reputability of a robot? Difficult

5a. Explain the various robot configurations with the aid of Problem/ Analysis
sketches?
5b. Explain point to point controlling robotics? Problem/ Analysis
06. Explain mechanical grippers and their linkage mechanisms Derivation/
with neat sketch. Explanation

7a. How do you classify of robot by control system. Derivation/

Explanation
7b. What are various coordinate systems and control systems? Derivation/
Explain. Explanation

8a. Name any three types of end effectors of robots. State the Derivation/
advantages of each. Explanation

8b. How many DOF is required to position end effectors at any Derivation/
point in 3D space? Justify. Explanation

121
 1a. Describe the kinematic model and joint link parameters for the Derivation/
RPP (3 DOF) manipulator arm. Explanation
1b. Calculate the velocity of the tip of two link planner RR Derivation/
manipulator arm. Explanation
2a. Classification the Robot by the any two coordinate systems. Derivation/
Explanation
2b. Write the forward kinematics for any manipulator based on D- Derivation/
H convention. Explanation
U-2 3a. Write homogeneous transformation matrices for rotation, Difficult
translation and sealing in 3D.
3b. Find the Composite rotation matrix that represents ø angle Difficult
about OZ axis followed by a rotation of α angle about OV axis
followed by a rotation of β angle about OW axis.Explain the roll,
pitch and Yaw angle system.
4a. Differentiate joint coordinates and world coordinates. Difficult
4b. Define Link Length & Link Twist. (or) link parameter Difficult
5a. What is a homogeneous transformation? Problem/ Analysis
5b. For the figure2 shown below , find the 4*4 homogeneous Problem/ Analysis
transformation matrices i-1 A i and 0A I for i=1 2 3 4 5?

Derivation/
Explanation

06. Establish orthogonal link co-ordinate systems (xi yi zi) for i=1 2
3 4 5 for the minimover robot arm shown in the figure 1 below and
complete the table.

MINI MOVER ROBOT ARM LINK CO-ORDINATE

PARAMETERS
JOINT I Θ Α a d
1
2
3
4
5

122
 7a. Compute the basic rotations matrix representing rotation about Derivation/
x- axis by an angle of 600. Explanation

7b. For the point auvw = (6,2,4)T rotate 300 about x-axis followed by Problem/ Analysis
translation of 6 units along Y- axis
8a. Derive rotation in Z-X plane using geometric approach. Derivation/
Explanation
8b. Explain the inverse kinematics for any manipulator based on Derivation/
D-H notation. Explanation

1a. Describe the dynamic models of 2 DOF manipulator using Derivation/

Newton- Euler formulation. Explanation
1b. Derive the expressions for joint torques of a planner R-P Derivation/
manipulator by using the Lagrange- Euler formulation. Explanation
2a. Find the Jacobian Matrix of planar two link revolute jointed Derivation/
manipulator. Explanation
2b. For the point a uvw = (6, 2, 4) T Translate 6 units along Y-axis, Derivation/
followed by rotation of 30o about X-axis. Explanation
U-3 3a. Write the forward kinematics for any manipulator based on D- Difficult
H convention.
3b. Find the manipulator jacobain matrix J (q) of the five-axis Difficult
spherical coordinate robot.
4a.Describe Newton-Euler formulation in Dynamic modeling of Difficult
Robotics control.
4b. How will you compute jacobian matrix for spherical robot? Difficult
5a. Determine the equation of motion for 2 DOF RR-planar Problem/ Analysis
manipulator arm using Lagrange –Euler formation.
5b. The two link robot arm shown in the figure 3 is attached to the Problem/ Analysis
CELING and under the influence of gravitational acceleration
G=9.8062m/s2, (xo, yo, zo) is the reference frame, θ1 θ2 are the
generalized coordinates, d1d2 are the lengths of the links and m1 m2
are the respective mass Under the assumptions of lumped
equivalent masses, the mass of each link is lumped at the end of
link.
a) Find the link transformation matrices i-1 A I =1,2.
b) Find pseudo inertia matrix ji for each link
c) Derive the LaGrange euler equations of
motions by first finding the elements of d(θ) , h(θ, θ) & c(θ)
matrices?

123
 06.With references to the cube of mass M and side 2a shown 10 Marks qtn
in the figure 4 below (xo, yo, zo) with the reference co-
ordinate frame uvw is the body attached coordinate frame
and xo, yo, zo cm is another body attached coordinate frame at
the center of mass of the cube.Find inertia tensor in the xo, yo,
zo coordinate system
Find the inertia tensor at the center of mass in the XYZ cms
coordinate system.

7a. Derive the expression for joint torques for a planer R-P robotic Derivation/
manipulator using Lagrangian- Euler formulation. Explanation

7b. What is jacobain of a robot system, how does the study of Derivation/
singularity help in robot analysis? Explanation

8a. Differentiate clearly with reference to 2- Jointed manipulator of Derivation/

RR type. Explanation

8b. Establish the dynamic model of a one-axis robot with Derivation/

Lagrangian- Euler formulation. Explanation

U-4 1a. Describe 4-3-4 Trajectory with various possibilities to obtain Derivation/
position, velocity and acceleration. Explanation
1b. Differentiate between Pneumatic and hydraulic actuators. Derivation/
Explanation
2a. Explain the different types of feedback components. Derivation/
Explanation
2b. Explain the working of DC servo motor. Derivation/
Explanation
3a. Discuss the principle of a resolver. Difficult
Difficult
3b. A manipulator is required to move along a straight line
from point A to point B, where A and B respectively
described by

124
The motion from A to B consists of translation and two
rotations. Determine θ, α, β,and x,y,z for the drive
transformation. Also find three intermediate
transformations between A and B.

4a. A single link rotary robot is required to move from θ(0) = Difficult

300 to θ(2) = 1000 in 2 sec. the joint velocity and

acceleration are both zero at the initial and final position.

4b. What is the highest polynomial degree to accomplish the Difficult

motion?
5a. What is the lowest degree polynomial that can be used to Problem/ Analysis
accomplish the motion?

5b. Determine the coefficient of a cubic polynomial that can Problem/ Analysis
be used to accomplish the motion.
06. A jointed arm robot of configuration RRR is to move all three Problem/ Analysis
axes so that the first joint is rotated through 50 deg, the second
joint is rotated through 90 deg, and the third joint is rotated through
25 deg. Maximum speed of nay of these rotational joints is
100mm/sec. Ignore effects of acceleration and deceleration. ( a )
Determine the time required to move each joint if skew motion is
used. (b) Determine the time required to move the arm to the
described position and the rotational velocity of each joint if joint –
interpolation motion is used.

7a. Differentiate between path planning and Trajectory planning. Derivation/

Explanation

7b. Explain 3-5-3 trajectory plan to represent a pick and place Derivation/
movement for an assembly operation. Explanation

8a. A manipulator with single link is to rotate from 300 to 1000 in 2 Problem/ Analysis
seconds. The joint velocity and acceleration are both zero at the
initial and final positions. Determine the coefficient of a cubic
polynomial that accomplishes the motion.

8b. List the advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic actuators. Derivation/

Explanation
1a. What are the considerations of robots in processing Derivation/
applications? Explanation

125
 1b. What are the features of robot in machine loading and Derivation/
unloading applications? Explanation
2a. Describe various material handling and inspection methods Derivation/
U-5 carried out by the Robot. Explanation
2b. Describe the material handling operations. Derivation/
Explanation
3a. Explain Simple pick-place operation of the robot. Difficult
3b. Describe the pelletizing operation of material transfer Difficult
application of a Robot.
4a. Explain loading and unloading of material handling in die Difficult
casting process.
4b. State and explain the applications of robot in machine loading Difficult
and unloading how robot will be integrated in an automated
inspection system?
5a. How robot will be integrated in arc welding facility? Problem/ Analysis
5b. How palletizing operation is carried out by an industrial robot? Problem/ Analysis
Derivation/
06. Explain the following assembly operations:
Explanation
a) Stacking, b) Fastening screws, c) Snap fits.

7a. Explain the loading and unloading of material handling in Application

plastic molding process.

7b. Explain the robot role in machining operations. Application

8a. Explain the robot role in stamping process operations. Application

8b. Explain the use of robots in the field of spot welding. Application

126
 PART A ANSWERS
UNIT-1, PART-A (Q & A)

1. Give the classification of robots by control systems? (R13 Nov/Dec 2016)

ANS:
a. Servo systems.
b. Closed loop system.
c. Open loop system.
d. Non servo systems

2. What are the different types of grippers that are used in the robotics? (R13 Nov/Dec 2016)

ANS:
a. Mechanical grippers
b. Vacuum grippers
c. Magnetic grippers
d. Electrical grippers

3. Distinguish moving and rotating coordinate system? (R13 Nov/Dec 2016)

ANS:
Si.no Moving coordinate Rotating coordinate
System system
It is also known as CartesianIt is also known as Articulated co-
1
Coordinate system ordinate system
2 Work volume is high Work volume is little
3 It is P-P-P configuration It is R-V-T configuration

4. Define degrees of freedom (R13 Mar 2017)

ANS: The number of independent ways by which a dynamic system can move without violating
any constraint imposed on it, is called degree of freedom. In other words, the degree of freedom
can be defined as the minimum number of independent coordinates which can specify the position
of the system completely.

5. What are the different types of control modes in a robot system? (R13 Mar 2017)

ANS: Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Electric drives.

6. Define Manipulator. (R13 Mar 2017) (R13 Nov 2017)
ANS: Robot manipulators are created from a sequence of link and joint combinations. The links
are the rigid members connecting the joints, or axes. The axes are the movable components of the
robotic Manipulator that cause relative motion between adjoining links.

7. Define the term robotics (R13 Nov 2017)

ANS: A Robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material

parts, tools or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of
variety of task.
127
8. Describe the relation between Automation and Robotics (R13 NOV 2017)

ANS: Automation — Automation means using computer software, machines or other technology
to carry out a task which would otherwise be done by a human worker. There are many types of
automation, ranging from the fully mechanical to the fully virtual, and from the very simple to the
mind-blowing complex and Robotics is a branch of engineering which incorporates multiple
disciplines to design, build, program and use robotic machines. Robots are used to automate some
physical tasks, such as manufacturing.
9. What is SCARA?
ANS: SCARA is selective compliance Assembly Robot Arm. It is special version of jointed arm
robot. It is characteristics of articulated and cylindrical configuration are combined, the result
will be another type of manipulator with revolute motions, confined to the horizontal plane. It has
vertical major axis rotations such that gravitational load, carioles and centrifugal forces do not
stress the structure.
9. Define Robot Anatomy.

ANS: It is concerned with the physical construction of the body arm and write of the machine.
10. What is the function of potentiometer? (R 13 April/May 2018)

ANS: The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for
measuring electric potential difference. (Voltage)
11. What is the limitation of Adhesive gripper? (R 13 April/May 2018)
ANS: It has the following limitations:
 Adhesive cannot be disabled immediately to release the object.
 It will work until the adhesive maintains its stickiness.
 Not suitable for heavy objects.

12. Define the term industrial Robot? (R15 Nov/Dec 2018)

ANS: A Reprogrammable Multifunctional Manipulator design to move tools, parts and
specialized devices through variable programmed motions for performing variety no of tasks for
number of times and independent of environment conditions.

13. Define Automation. (R15 Nov/Dec 2018)

ANS: Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal
human assistance. Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical,
hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in combination

****
UNIT-2, PART-A (Q & A)

1. State the importance of Denavit-Hartenberg algorithm for robot kinematics? (R13

Nov/Dec 2016)

ANS: To define the joint and link parameters of a robot Joint parameters are
 joint offset(a)
 Joint angle(α)
Link parameters are
 Link length(d)
 Link twist (α)

128
2. What is joint coordinates (R13 Mar 2017)
ANS:

The joint co-ordinates will define the position and orientations of the end- effector position to
perform given task.
3. What is the difference between forward and inverse kinematics? (R13 Mar 2017)
ANS: Forward kinematics:
It is a scheme to determine joint angles of a robot by knowing its position in the world coordinate
System.
Reverse kinematics:
It is a scheme to determine the position of the robot in the world coordinate system by knowing
the joint angles and the link parameters of the robot.
The main difference between forward and inverse kinematics:
In Inverse kinematics define position of end-effectors joint angles calculates by Robot. In
Forward kinematics define the Joint angles the position reaches by the end- effectors.

4. What is robot arm dynamics? (R13 NOV 2017)

ANS: The robot dynamics is concerned with the analysis of the torques and forces due to
acceleration and deceleration. Torque experienced by the joint due to acceleration of the links and
force experienced by the links due to torques applied by the joints are considered.
5. Write the types of kinematic model? (R15 Nov/Dec 2018)
ANS: Direct kinematic model, Inverse kinematics model

6. Define Link Length & Link Twist. (or) link parameter.

ANS: shortest distance along the common normal is defined as link length and (a i) the angle
between the projection of axis ( i – 1 ) and axis i , on plane perpendicular to the common normal
AB , is known as link twist (  i )

7. What is a homogeneous transformation? (R 13 April/May 2018)

ANS: A system of linear equations is homogeneous if all of the constant terms are zero: A
homogeneous system is equivalent to a matrix equation of the form. Where A is an m × n matrix,
x is a column vector with n entries, and 0 is the zero vectors with m entries.
8. Differentiate joint coordinates and world coordinates. (R 13 April/May 2018)
ANS: Joint coordinate: The angle-position and length of each axis of an articulate robot axes
describe the orientation of the TCP exactly. With the joint coordinate-system each robot axis can
be moved particularly in positive or negative sense rotation.
World coordinate: The WORLD-coordinate system is a Cartesian coordinate system for
describing the location of the points within the workspace. The coordinate systems
'BASE' and 'ROBOOT' base to the WORLD-coordinate system.
129
9. What is equivalent angle and axis? (R15 Nov/Dec 2018)
ANS: The axis–angle representation is predicated on Euler's rotation theorem, which dictates that any
rotation or sequence of rotations of a rigid body in a three-dimensional space is equivalent to a pure
rotation about a single fixed axis.

*****
UNIT-3, PART-A (Q & A)

1. What do you understand by recursive equation? (R13 Nov/Dec 2016)

ANS: The recursive equation is also known as inverse kinematic model. In this case the position
of end effectors is defined and joint angles calculate by robot. A recursive equation always uses
the preceding term to define the next term of the sequence.

2. What are the Euler angels? (R13 Nov/Dec 2016) (NOV 2017)

ANS: The Euler angles are three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the
orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed coordinate system.
Euler angles are typically denoted as α, β, γ, or φ, θ, ψ.

3. Discuss about planar two link manipulators. (R13 Mar 2017)

ANS: Two-link planar manipulator involves the linear and rotational dynamics of the links. For
simplicity it is assumed that the two-link manipulator has two revolute joints and is an open
kinematic chain type. Fig shows the schematic diagram of the two-link manipulator. Let L1and
L2 be the length of the first and second link respectively. Angle θ1 and θ2 represent the joint
rotations of the first, and second joint respectively.
130
4. What is DH Parameter?
ANS: i – Joint angle, di – joint distance, i= – link angle, ai – link length
5.Define inverse kinematic?
ANS: For a given position and orientation of the end effectors with respect to an immobile or
inertial reference frame it is required to find n set of joint variables that would bring the end
effectors in the specified position and orientation.
6. What do you mean by jacobian matrix? (R 13 April/May 2018)

ANS: Formally, a Jacobian is a set of partial differential equations:

With a bit of manipulation we can get a neat result:

Where and represent the time derivatives of and . This tells us that the end-effectors

Velocity is equal to the Jacobian, multiplied by the joint angle velocity.

7. Explain the significance of Newton – Euler formulations. (R 13 April/May 2018)

ANS: In classical mechanics, the Newton–Euler equations describe the combined translational
and rotational dynamics of a rigid body.lmao

8. What is dynamic modeling? (R15 Nov/Dec 2018)

ANS: The robot dynamics is concerned with the analysis of the torques and forces due to acceleration and
deceleration. Torque experienced by the joint due to acceleration of the links and force experienced by the
links due to torques applied by the joints are considered.

9. What it means by differential transformation. (R15 Nov/Dec 2018)

ANS: Differential kinematics relates the velocities of the manipulator components .In both descriptions the
direct differential kinematics is usually obtained by calculating the Jacobian and, after this, the inverse
kinematics is obtained by inverting the Jacobian matrix.
*****

UNIT-4, PART-A (Q & A)

1. What is 4-3-4 joint trajectory? (R13 Nov/Dec 2016)

ANS: 4-3-4 joint trajectory means from origin to destination it is divided in to three segments For
first segment is a 4th order polynomial Equation For second segment is a 3 rd order or cubic
polynomial Equation For third segment is a 4th order polynomial Equation

131
 2. How do you plan straight line trajectories using quaternion? (R13Nov/Dec 2016)
ANS:

Path constraints

132
Path specification {q(t
Trajectory ),
Joint space Planner or
q (t), q (t)}

{P (t), v (t), a (t)}

Cartesian space

3. What is trajectory planning? (R13 Mar 2017) (R13 Nov 2017) (R15 Nov/Dec 2018)

ANS: Trajectory planning is a major area in robotics as it gives way to autonomous vehicles
Trajectory planning is sometimes referred to as motion planning and erroneously as path planning.

4. What is hydraulic Actuator? (R13 NOV 2017)

ANS: An actuator is a component of a machine that is responsible for moving and controlling a
mechanism or system, for example by opening a valve. In simple terms, it is a "mover".
An actuator requires a control signal and a source of energy. The control signal is relatively low
energy and may be electric voltage or current, pneumatic or hydraulic pressure, or even human
power. Its main energy source may be an electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure,
or pneumatic pressure. When it receives a control signal, an actuator responds by converting the
signal's energy into mechanical motion. An actuator is the mechanism by which a control system
acts upon an environment. The control system can be simple (a fixed mechanical or electronic
system), software-based (e.g. a printer driver, robot control system), a human, or any other input.

5. What is a proximity sensor?

ANS: Proximity sensors are located on the wrist or end effectors. It is used to detect the presence
or absence of work part or other objects. It senses the human beings in the work cell. It indicates
when an object is close to another object before contact has been made.
6. Write the use of sensors in robotics?
ANS: Safety monitoring interlocks in work cell control part inspection for quality control
determine positions and related information about objects in the robotic cell.

7. Write actuation and feedback components of robots?

ANS: Feedback components are velocity sensors and position sensors give feed back to the input.
Actuators and power transmission devices are used as control action indicated by the controller.
8. Write a short note on slew motion. (R 13 April/May 2018)

ANS: The simplest form of motion. As the robot moves from point A to point B, each axis of the
manipulator travels as quickly as possible from its initial position to its final position. All axis
begin moving at the same time, but each axis ends it motion in a length of time that is
proportional to the product of its distance moved and its top speed (allowing for acceleration
and deceleration)

133
9. What do you mean by blending scheme? Explain. (R 13 April/May 2018)

ANS: • Note: slew motion usually results in unnecessary wear on the joints and often leads to
unanticipated results in the path taken by the manipulator.

10. What is path planning? (R15 Nov/Dec 2018)

ANS: Path-planning is an important primitive for autonomous mobile robots that lets robots find the
shortest – or otherwise optimal – path between two points. Otherwise optimal paths could be paths that
minimize the amount of turning, the amount of braking or whatever a specific application requires.
*****

UNIT-5, Part-A (Q & A)

1. What are the characteristics of robot

in assembly?(R13 Nov/Dec 2016)
Accuracy: how closely a robot can reach a commanded position. When the absolute position of
the robot is measured and compared to the commanded position the error is a measure of
accuracy. Accuracy can be improved with external sensing for example a vision system or Infra-
Red. robot calibration. Accuracy can vary with speed and position within the working envelope
and with payload (see compliance).
Repeatability: how well the robot will return to a programmed position. This is not the same as
accuracy. It may be that when told to go to a certain X-Y-Z position that it gets only to within
1 mm of that position. This would be its accuracy which may be improved by calibration. But if
that position is taught into controller memory and each time it is sent there it returns to within
0.1mm of the taught position then the repeatability will be within 0.1mm.

2. How do you design work volume?(R13

Nov/Dec 2016)
The volume of the space swept by the robot arm is called work volume. It is the maximum
reachability of the end-effector to complete the given task to the robot.
3. Explain about applications of encoders (R13 Mar 2017)
An encoder is a device that converts information from one format or code to another, for the
purposes of standardization, measures speed and position of an object.
Types:
(a) Linear encoder
(b) Rotary encoder
(i) Absolute encoder (ii) Incremental encoder

134
 4. Describe role of robot in inspection (R13 Mar 2017)
Inspection is a quality control operation that involves the checking of parts, assemblies or
products. The inspection function is commonly done for incoming raw materials at various stages
of the production process and at the completion of manufacturing. Testing is the quality control
operation often associated with inspection.

5. Explain about robot cell layout design (R13 Mar 2017)

The work cell is a association of conveyors, production machines, fixtures and tools. Robot work
cell can be organized into various arrangements or layouts. These layouts can be classified into
three basic types.
1. Robot centered cell
2. In-line robot cell
3. Mobile robot cell

6. Define Robot Applications in Manufacturing? (R13 NOV 2017) (R15 Nov/Dec 2018)
An industrial robot is a robot system used for manufacturing. Industrial robots are automated,
programmable and capable of movement on two or more axes.
Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, pick and place for printed
circuit boards, packaging and labeling, palletizing, product inspection, and testing; all
accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision. They can assist in material handling.

7. Describe Material Transfer applications? (NOV 2017)

Ans:Applications include material transfer and machine loading and unloading. Material-transfer
applications require the robot to move materials or work parts from one location to another.
Many of these tasks are relatively simple, requiring robots to pick up parts from one conveyor and
place them on another. Other transfer operations are more complex, such as placing parts onto
pallets in an arrangement that must be calculated by the robot. Machine loading and unloading
operations utilize a robot to load and unload parts at a Production machine. This requires the robot
to be equipped with a gripper that can grasp parts. Usually the gripper must be designed
specifically for the particular part geometry. In robotic processing operations, the robot
manipulates a tool to perform a process on the work part. Examples of such applications
include spot welding, continuous arc welding, and spray painting. Spot welding of automobile
bodies is one of the most common applications of industrial robots in the United States. The robot
positions a spot welder against the automobile panels and frames to complete the assembly of the
basic car body. Arc welding is a continuous process in which the robot moves the welding rod
along the seam to be welded. Spray painting involves the manipulation of a spray-painting gun
over the surface of the object to be coated. Other operations in this category include grinding,
polishing, and routing, in which a rotating spindle serves as the robot’s tool.
8. List out the applications of robot in machine loading and unloading? (R 13 April/May 2018)
ANS: Machine loading:

In this operation, the robot loads raw work parts in the machine, and some other systems are
used to unload the finished work parts from the machine.
135
Example: In a press working process, a robot is used to load the sheet metal in the press, and the
finished work parts are removed from the press with the help of gravity.

Machine unloading:

In machine unloading, the finished work parts are unloaded from the machine by a robot, while
the loading of raw materials are done without any robot support.

Example: Plastic modeling and die casting.

10. “A computer is a work cell controller”. Justify the statement. (R 13 April/May 2018)

ANS: A programmable controller (PC) is the advanced control device in the robot cell. It has got
several hundreds of input and output ports for connecting to the equipment directly. This feature
is a benefit of a PC over a computer. Apart from this advantage, there are also some
disadvantages on a programmable controller in the data processing and programming
languages. These drawbacks have certainly brought the computer into the act, which is capable
of performing it.

When comparing the digital computers and programmable controllers, there are one similarity
and one difference. To be precise, these control devices are used in different applications, but
their basic technology is almost the same one.

11. What are the considerations in robot material handling? (R15 Nov/Dec 2018)
ANS: The term material handling encompasses a wide variety of product movements on the shop floor.
Part selection and transferring, palletizing, packing, and machine loading are just a few of the applications
that are considered material handling.

Robotics Objectives Unit – 1

1. In case of problem inputs are the

joint angles and link lengths and the output is the position and orientation of the end effectors [
]
(a) Direct or forward Kinematics (b) Inverse Kinematics
(c) Partial Kinematics (d) None
2. A Cartesian coordinate robot should have joints [ ]
(a) One revolute and two prismatic (b) Three prismatic
(c) Two revolute and one prismatic (d) a, b & c
3. joints
permit only angular motion between links. [ ]
(a) Prismatic (b) Revolute (c) a & b (d) None

4. If a frame moves in space without any change in its , the transformation is pure
translation [ ]

136
(a) Position (b) Orientation (c) a & b (d) None
5. The
speed of production in hard automation is [ ]
a). High b) Slow c) Moderate d). No change
6. A robot
with polar configuration has [ ]
a) Three prismatic b) One rotary and two prismatic
c) Two rotary and one prismatic c) All three rotary
7. The term Robotics was popularized by [ ]
a). Issac Asimov b). Issac Newton c) Einstein d) Galileo
8. “A robot must not harm a human being or through inaction, allow one to come to harm ”
This is
[ ]
a) I law of robotics b) II law of robotics c) III law of robotics d) IV law of robotics
9. The
suction cups in a robot gripper are typically made up of [ ]
a) Copper b) Aluminum c) Mild steel d) Soft plastic
10. Ferrous
materials can be easily handled by using [ ]
a) Adhesive grippers b) Vacuum grippers c) Magnetic grippers d) Scoops
11. Flexible automation first appeared in early 1950 ’s with the introduction of the following[
]
a) NC machine tools b) Milling machines c) Drilling machines d) Lathe machines
12. “ A robot must protect itself from harm unless that is in conflict with the first law ” This is [
]
a) Zeroth law of robotics b)II law of robotics c) III law of robotics d) law of robotics
13. If two gripping
devices are attached to the wrist of a robot and is used to handle two separate objects then it
called as [ ]
a) Single gripper b) Double gripper c) Hammer d) Striker
14. A reprogram able multi functional manipulator designed to move material,
parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of
a variety of tasks is called as a [ ]
a) Robot b) Machine c) Tele-operator d) Pallet
15. Robotics is often considered as a combination of [ ]
a) Machine and machine tool b) Machine and arts c) Machine tool technology and computer
science d) Machine design and machine tool technology
16. A machine that has
functions similar to human upper limbs and moves the objects specially can be called as [
]
a) Manipulator b) Cursor controlled device c) Mechanical stop d) Automated system
17. One of the device used to remove air between the cup and the part surface to create the
vacuum is [ ]
a) Vacuum cup b) Venture c) Adhesive d) Hook
18. One of the following devices can be attached to the wrist end for multi-tool operations in
a work cycle [ ]
a) Tool changer b) Screw c) SPCT d. Hook
19. Hydraul
ic drives used in robot gripping systems are usually [ ]
137
a) Electro hydraulic drive systems b) Actuator systems
c) Control valves d) Servo motors
20. Devices
used to accomplish rotary motion in a hydraulic drive system are [ ]
a) Hydraulic pistons b) Limit switches c) Mechanical stops d) Rotary vane actuators
21. A device that attaches to the wrist of the
robot arm and enables the general purpose robot to perform a specific task is known as
22. The operation involving picking and placing the material from one place
to desired place is called as operations.
23. encoders provide actual position relative to fixed reference position
24. In applications the end effectors are tools instead of grippers
25. is a device that attaches to the wrist of the robot arm and enables
the general- purpose robot to perform a specific task
26. A cylindrical coordinate robot
should have joints
27. can handle the flat, smooth, and clean objects better than other
grippers.
28. T
he total number of degrees of freedom that a rigid body free in space has is
29. “A robot must always obey human beings unless it is in conflict
with the first law” This law is called as
30. The flexibility in fixed automation
is

Unit – 2
1. Rotation of 90 degrees about the
X-axis Rot (X, 90) is [ ]

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2. is the necessary
Cartesian coordinate motions that need to be made in order to position the origin of the hand
frame of a Cartesian robot at point P=[4 3 6] [ ]
(a)
( b) (c) (d) none

3. configuration/s
can be followed to rotate the frame appropriately in order to achieve a desired orientation
without changing its position [ ]
(a) Roll, pitch, yaw angles (b) Euler angles (c) a & b (d) None
4. In a
138
 Homogeneous Transformation Matrix, the order of the rotation matrix is [ ]
(a) 4x4 (b) 3x3 (c) 2x2 (d) 1x1
5. A robot with cylindrical configuration has [ ]

a). Three prismatic b) One rotary and two prismatic

c). Two rotary and one prismatic d) All three rotary
6. The
number of ways a robot can move is described by [ ]
a) Degrees of freedom b) Number of links c) Number of joints d) Number of rotations
7. configuration/s can be followed to rotate the frame appropriately in order to
achieve a desired orientation without changing its position [ ]
(a) Roll, pitch, yaw angles (b) Euler angles (c) a & b (d) none
8. The matrix
representing the Euler angles orientation change is [ ]
(a) Rot(a, φ)Rot(o, θ) Rot(a,ψ) (b) Rot(o,θ) (c) Rot(a, θ)Rot(a, ψ)Rot(o, φ ) (d) none
9. If the
two links are joined by a pin above the axis of which the links can rotate with respect to each
other, that type of joint is called as [ ]
a) Revolute joint b) Prismatic joint c) Twist joint d) Planar joint
10. One important consideration in calculating gripper force is [ ]
a) Weight of the object b) Color of the object
c) Surface finish of the object d) Texture of the object
11. A joint with n degrees of freedom can be modeled as n joints with one degree of freedom
each connected with links of zero length. [ ]
(a) n (b) n+1 (c) n-1 (d) None
12. Velocity vectors belong to a class of vectors called [ ]
(a) Free vectors (b) Forced vectors (c) a & b (d) None
13. In RPY movements, rotation about o - axis (y-axis of the moving frame) is called
_
14. Rotation of θ degrees about the Z-axis is given by Rot (Z, θ )= ---------------
15. RPY stands for
16. If one end of the chain in a manipulator is connected to the base or ground with a joint, such
a manipulator form kinematics chain.

17. If two links are so joined that these can slide or linearly move with respect to each other, that

139
 type of joint is called as

18. allows the conversions of differential motions or velocities of individual

joints to differential motions and velocities of the points of interest
19. The kinematics of manipulators refers to differential motion that is,
velocity acceleration and all higher order derivatives of position variables
20. The rotation matrix representing differential rotation about the X-axis is given by

21. transformation consists of a number of successive translations and rotations

about the fixed reference frame axes or the moving current frame axes.
22. Roll,
Pitch, and Yaw angles will orientate the hand of the robot to a desired
23. A mechanical manipulator whose motions are controlled by programming techniques very similar
to those used in numerical control can be called as
24. SCARA stands for

Unit – 3
1. The
manipulator Jacobian for a prismatic joint is given by Ji (q) = [ ]

A) B) C) D)

2. The
following is the robot programming language. [ ]
A) PASCAL B) AML C) C++ D) BASIC
3. For a P – degree polynomial will have
No. of constrains [ ]
A) P-1 B) P C) P+1 D) 2P
4. The Newton-euler formulations to dynamic modeling of robotic manipulator is
based on law.
[]
A) Newton’s First B) Newton’s second C) Newton’s third D) None
5. The
formulation is the systematic procedure for obtaining the dynamic model of
an n-DOF manipulator [ ]
A) Newton B) Lagrange C) Lagrange –Euler D) Euler
140
6. The Newton-Euler (NE)
dynamic modeling is a based approach
7. The Lagrange-Euler (LE)
dynamic modeling is a based approach
8. Differential motions of a frame can
be divided into
(a) differential translations (b) differential rotations (c) differential transformations (d) a, b, & c
9. If all the robot joint variables are
known, using kinematic equations, one can
calculate where the robot is at any instant [ ]
(a) inverse (b) forward (c) a & b (d) none
10. vectors could be displaced anywhere in space without changing their
meaning
11. singularities occur when the end- effector is on the boundary of the
workspace, that is, the manipulator is either fully stretched out or fully retracted
12. If the orientation changes without the change of position then the transformation is

Unit - 4
1. In
Applications requires continuous path motions, the trajectory planning is [ ]
A) Joint space technique B) Cartesian space technique
C) Lagrange technique D)None
2. is the
process of stacking the material on a pallet in a specified manner.[ ]
A) Storing B) Depalletizing C) Machine loading D) Palletizing
3. schemes
can be used in joint-space trajectory planning. [ ]
(a) Third- order polynomial (b) fifth- order polynomial (c) a & b (d) none
4. With number of constraints, a third-degree polynomial can be
used [ ]

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

5. If a frame moves in space without any change in its orientation, the transformation is [
]
(a) pure translation (b) pure rotation (c) combined transformation (d)none
6. The
141
minimum number of constraints for a smooth motion between two points are [ ]
(a) initial and final positions (b) initial and final velocities (c) a & b (d) none
7. For measuring the interaction forces, sensors mounted between wrist and end
effector are known as sensors [ ]
A) Optic B) Pneumatic C) Wrist force torque
D) Pressure
8. is the
manufacturing process in which molten metal is forced into the cavity of a mould under pressure.
[ ]
A) Die casting B) Upset Forging C) Stamping D) Machining
9. In pneumatic drives, transnational movement of sliding joints can be provided by the
actuation of. [ ]
a) Piston devices b) Limit switches c) Mechanical stops d). Rotary actuators
10. In pneumatic drives, rotational joints can be operated by using [ ]
a) Piston devices b) Limit switches c) Mechanical stops d) Rotary actuators
11. Advanta
ge of hydraulic drive system over other drive systems in case of robot is [ ]
a) Great speed and strength b) Speed only c) Strength only d) Rigidity
12. Sensors which indicate contact between themselves and some other solid object
are of the type, [ ]
a) Proximity b) Range c) Tactile d) Vision sensor
13. The
device which provide the actual motive force for the robot joint is, [ ]
a) Sensor b) Potentiometer c) Actuator d) Encoder
14. Encoder
s are used in robot system to control [ ]
a). Position of the arm b) Motion of the arm c) Speed of the arm d) Rotation of the arm.
15. Basic
three types of actuators used in robot control system are [ ]
a) Rotary, sliding and twist type b) Pneumatic, hydraulic and electric type
c) Magnetic, electronic and acustic type d) Linier, circular and angular type
16. Two
types of commonly used digital encoders are [ ]
a) Incremental and absolute type b) DC and AC type
c) Current and voltage base type d) Display and memory type

142
17. If five cubic polynomials
with six path points have No. of constraints.
18. is the time sequence of position velocity acceleration of end effecter of a
manipulator.
19. The instruction means the robot should move its end-effector to the point
in space called SAFE.
20. is the locus of points to be traversed by the manipulator to execute the specified
task.
21. are the constraints additionally needed if we use a Fifth- degree polynomial
instead of third- degree polynomial for motion between two points.
22. Fifth- degree polynomial needs number of constraints.
22. The robots with electric drive systems have the devices like which are actuated
for required motion in the joints.
23. is the digital device works with photo transmitter and photo receiver for
controlling the position of the robot arm.
24. Potentiometers and resolvers are analog devises used for of the robot arm.
25. A series of discrete electric pulses are given as input to to get output in the form
of discrete angular motion increments.
26. Sensors used in robotics for part inspection for quality control. [True / False]
27. Hydraulic and pneumatic actuator are used in robots to provide position control at the joints.
[True / False]
28. Proximity and range Sensor selections depend on type of contact, force or pressure,
sensitivity, response, and repeatability. [True / False]
29. A resolve is an analog device whose output is proportional to the angle of rotation of a
rotating element with respect to a fixed element. [True / False]
30. A load cell mounted between the gripper and the wrist is acting as a force sensor in robot
arm with force sensing wrist. [True / False]

Unit – 5
1. The material like
aluminum, copper and stainless steel are joined by Type of welding
[ ]
A) Arc welding B) MIG welding C) TIG welding D) None
2. Robot applications include
(a) welding (b) medical applications (c) assembly operations (d) a, b, & c
143
3. Spot welding tools, heating torch, spray painting nozzle can be used as
in robot application.
[ ]
(a) sensors (b) actuators (c) manipulators (d) end effectors
4. SCARA
robot is mainly used for [ ]
a) Painting b) Spot-welding c) Assembly tasks d) Arc-welding
5. In spray
painting operation by a robot, the end effectors takes the form of [ ]
a) Spray painting gun b) Paint holder c) Cleaner d) Water jet
6. Welding wire is used _ type of welding.
7. In assembly operations RCC Stands for
.
8. are some of the tasks that a robots can do better.
9. are the non- industrial applications of robot.
10. The end effectors of the robot arm used for spot welding application

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
UNIT – I
Part – A: Q1 & 3; Part-B: Q 5,7&8
UNIT-II
Part-A: Q2, 3; Part-B: Q 4, 5 & 8
UNIT-III
Part-A: Q2 & 3; Part-B: Q3, 6 & 8
UNIT – IV
Part-A: Q1, 2 & 3; Part-B: Q2, 7 & 8
UNIT – V
Part-A: Q1 & 3; Part-B: Q5, 6 & 7

144
 GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
(AUTONOMOUS)

IV Year B.Tech. Mech I-Sem LT PC

4 10 4

REFRIGERATION &AIR CONDITIONING (ME0741)

Pre-requisite: Thermodynamics

Objective:
 Understand Basic concepts of refrigeration
 Develop applications of refrigerator system
 Formulate components deviations of practical (actual cycle) from ideal cycle
 Solve construction and use of P.H chart problems
 Design Load concepts of RSHF, ASHF. ESHF and ADP

Outcome:
 Student able to identify Necessity of mechanical types of ideal cycle of refrigeration and application, unit
of refrigeration.
 Student can able to explain about the working principle of VCR.
 Student can able to analyze working and classification of system components.
 Student can able to Calculate of Maximum COP principle operation of ammonia-water, Li Br-water system
UNIT – I
Introduction to Refrigeration: - Necessity and applications – Unit of refrigeration and C.O.P. –
Mechanical Refrigeration – Types of Ideal cycle of refrigeration.
Air Refrigeration: Bell Coleman cycle and Brayton Cycle, Open and Dense air systems –
Actual air refrigeration system – Refrigeration needs of Air crafts- Air systems – Actual Air
refrigeration system – Refrigeration needs of Air crafts – Application of Air Refrigeration,
Justification – Types of systems – Problems.
UNIT – II
Vapour compression refrigeration – working principle and essential components of the plant –
Simple Vapour compression refrigeration cycle – COP – Representation of cycle on T-S and p-h
charts – effect of sub cooling and super heating – cycle analysis – Actual cycle Influence of
various parameters on system performance – Use of p-h charts – Problems.
UNIT III:
System Components: Compressors – General classification – comparison – Advantages and
Disadvantages. Condensers – classification – Working Principles Evaporators – classification –
Working Principles
Expansion devices – Types – Working Principles
Refrigerants – Desirable properties – common refrigerants used – Nomenclature – Ozone
Depletion – Global Warming – Azeotropes and Zeotropes
UNIT IV:
Vapor Absorption System – Calculation of max COP – description and working of NH3 – water
system – Li – Br system. Principle of operation Three Fluid absorption system, salient features.
Steam Jet Refrigeration System – Working Principle and Basic Components
Principle and operation of (i) Thermoelectric refrigerator (ii) Vortex tube or Hilsch tube.
UNIT – V:
Introduction to Air Conditioning:
Psychometric Properties & Processes – Sensible and latent heat loads – Characterization –
Need for Ventilation, Consideration of Infiltration – Load concepts of RSHF, ASHF, ESHF and
145
ADP.
Concept of human comfort and effective temperature –Comfort Air conditioning – Industrial air
conditioning and Requirements – Air conditioning Load Calculations.
Air Conditioning systems - Classification of equipment, cooling, heating humidification and
dehumidification, filters, grills and registers, deodorants, fans and blowers.
Heat Pump – Heat sources – different heat pump circuits – Applications.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. A Course in Refrigeration and Air conditioning / SC Arora & Domkundwar / Dhanpatrai
2. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning/ Manohar Prasad/ New Age
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / CP Arora / TMH.
2. Principles of Refrigeration - Dossat / Pearson Education
3. Basic Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning – Ananthanarayanan / TMH
Course Objectives:

1 Understand Basic concepts of refrigeration

2 Develop applications of refrigerator system
3 Formulate components deviations of practical (actual cycle) from ideal cycle
4 Solve construction and use of P.H chart problems
5 Design Load concepts of RSHF, ASHF. ESHF and ADP

Course outcomes:
s.no Description PO
MAPPING
1 Student able to identify Necessity of mechanical 3,3,1,1
types of ideal cycle of refrigeration and
application ,unit of refrigeration
2 Student can able to explain about the working 3,3,1,2,1,1,1
principle of VCR
3 Student can able to analyze working and 3,3,1,2,1,1
classification of system components
4 Student can able to Calculate of Maximum COP 3,3,2,1,1,2,2
principle operation of ammonia-water, Li Br-water
system
5 Student can able to Calculate of Maximum COP 3,1,2,1,1,3
principle operation of ammonia-water, Li Br-water
system

146
 MAPPING OF CO’ s AND PO’ s:

B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 1
C
T 0
O
L

.1 C 0
O 1 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
2 C 0
O 3 3 3 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
2
C 0
O 2 3 3 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
3
3
C 0
O 4 3 3 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 2 0
4
4
C 2
O 5 3 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3
5
5
Blooms Taxonomy Level

1. Remember
2. Understand
3. Apply
4. Analyze
5. Evaluate
6. Create

3 –Strong , 2 - Moderate, 1 - Poor , 0 - No Mapping

S Refrigeration and air conditioning

u
b
j
e
c
t
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
Text Books (to be purchased by the Students)
B Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / CP Arora / TMH.
o
o
147
 k

1
B
o
o A Course in Refrigeration and Air conditioning / SC Arora&Domkundwar /
k Dhanpatrai

Reference Books
B
o
o
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning / Manohar Prasad / New Age
k

3
B
o
o
Refrigaration and air conditioning -- Kurmi
k

4
B
o
o
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning-P.L.Bellaney
k

5
B
o
o
Basic Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning – Ananthanarayanan / TMH
k

Chapters Nos N
o

o
B f
B B B B
o
Uni o o o o
Topic o c
t o o o o
k l
k k k k
a
2 3 4 5
1 s
s
e
s
I Introduction to 1 1 1 1 1 1
Refrigeration: Necessity and , , , , , 4
applications-unit of 2 2 2 2 2
Refrigeration and C.O.P- , , , , ,
refrigerators- mechanical 3 3 3 3
refrigrations-types of ideal 3 , , , ,
cycle of refrigetarion. , 4 4 4 4
Air refrigeration-Bell 4
Coleman and Brayton cycle, ,
open and dense air system- 5
actual refrigeration syatem ,
REfrigetions need of aircrafts 6
– air system- Applications of
148
 air refigration, Justification-
Types of sytems - Problems
II Vapour compression
refrigeration- Working
Principal and essential
componpents of the plant
–Simple VCR-COP –
Represntations of cycle on Ts
7 5 3 5 5
and ph charts- effect of sub 1
, , , , ,
cooling of liquid- super 3
8 6 8 6 6
heating and cycle analysis-
Actual cycle influence of
various parameters on system
performance and use of P.H
chart problems.

III Components:
Compressors-General
classification- comparison
-Advantages and
1
Disadvantages.
2 7
Condensers- classification- 9
, ,
Working Principles , 7
1 7 8
Evaporators – classification- 1 ,
3 , , 1
Working Principles 0 8
, 1 1 3
Expansion devices- Types - , ,
2 0 0
Working Principles 1 9
, ,1
Refrigerants- Derisable 2
1 1
Properties- common
4
refrigerants used-
Nomeclature-Ozone
Depletion – Global Warming-
Azeotropes and zeotropes .
IV Vapour Absorption
refrigeration- Calculation of
Maximum COP- Description
1 1
and working of ammonia- 9
8 4
water, Li-Br-water system-, ,
, ,
Principle and operation of 1
2 1
Three Fluid vapour 1 0 1
2 5
absorption refrigeration 0 , 0 1
, ,
system, Silent features, ,1 1 ,1 2
1 1
Steam Jet Refrigeration 1 4 1
4 6
System - Working Principle- ,
, ,
basic operation . 1
1 1
Principle and operation of 5
5 7
thermoelectric refriegetaion
and vortex tube or Hilsch
tube.
V Psychometric Properties & 1 1 1 1 1
Process- sensible and latent 1 8 0 6 8 2
heat loads- characterization- 8 , ,1 , ,
Need for ventilation- , 2 1 1 2
consideration of infiltration- 2 0 , 8 0
load concepts of RSHF, 2 1
ASHF, ESHF, and ADP. 2
Concept of human comfort ,
and effective temperature- 1
comfort air conditioning- 3
industrial air conditioning ,
and Requirements- Air 1
conditioning load 4
calculations.
Air conditioning systems:
classification of equipment,
cooling, heating
humidification and
dehumidification, filter, grills

149
 and registers fans and
blowers.
Heat pump – heat sources –
different heat pump circuits –
Applications

Contact classes for syllabus coverage 6

7
Lectures beyond syllabus 0
1
Special Descriptive Tests 0
2
Tutorial classes 1
0
Remedial classes 0
2
Total No. of classes 8
2

Question Bank
Answers for Part A of Question bank
UNIT-I
1. What is the application of refrigeration?
Ans: Application of refrigeration:
1. Food processing, preseravtion and distribution,

2. Chemical and process industries,

3. Cold treatment of metals,

4. Storage of human tissue,

5. Dry Ice Manufacturing,

6. Air conditioning.

2. Explain the term “tonne of refrigeration”. (R-13 May- 2017)

Ans: The standard unit of refrigeration is ton of refrigeration or simply ton denoted by TR. It is
equivalent to the rate of heat transfer needed to produce 1 ton (2000 lbs) of ice at 0 0C from
water at
0 0Cin one day, i.e., 24 hours.
Also ton of refrigeration is defined as refrigeration effect produced by melting of 1 ton of ice from
and at o0 c in 24 Hrs

150
 3. Explain the cycle of Carnot refrigerator. (R-13 Oct/Nov- 2016 )
Ans: Refrigerator that operates on Reversed Carnot
cycle is called Carnot refrigerator
figure shows the schematic of Carnot refrigerator
A reversed Carnot cycle comprise of
four reversible cycles
1-2: isentropic compression
2-3: isothermal energy rejection
3-4: isentropic expansion
4-1: isothermal heat transfer

5. Distinguish between Engine and Refrigerator. (R-13 May- 2016)

Ans: A heat engine is any closed-cycle device that extracts heat from a hot reservoir, does
useful work, and exhausts heat to a cold reservoir
The efficiency η of a heat engine is the ratio of the work done W to the heat extracted from the
hot source QH
Q2 is the heat supplied to the engine and
Q1 is the heat rejected from the engine, then the net work done
by the engine is given by
W =Q2 –Q1
The performance of a heat engine is expressed by its efficiency.

Heat engine
Refrigerator is a reversed heat engine which either cool or maintain the temp. of a body (T1)
lower than the atmospheric temp. (Ta)
This is done by extracting heat (Q1) from a cold body and delivering it
to a hot body (Q2). In doing so work WR is required to be done on the
system. According to first law of thermodynamics WR= Q2-Q1
The performance of refrigerator is expressed by the ratio of heat
taken from the cold body (Q 1) to the amount of work required to be
done on the system (WR). This ratio is called coefficient
of performance.

Refrigerator
UNIT-II
1. Explain the importance of superheating vapors before suction to compressor. How does
it affect COP of the system?
Ans: Superheating in the evaporator which obtains the increase in the refrigeration
effect is usually offset by a decrease in the refrigeration effect in the compressor .Because the
volumetric flow rate of a compressor is continuous, the mass flow rate and the refrigeration

151
effect are reduced by reductions in the refrigerant density caused by the super heating.
Since the increase in refrigerating effect is less as compared to the increase in work supplied, the
net effect of superheating is to reduce COP.

2. Discuss the effect of sub -cooling on COP. Would you desire large sub-cooling and
Why? (3m) (R-13) May- 2017
Ans: : Refrigeration effect without sub cooling= h1- h4
Refrigeration effect with sub cooling = h1- h4,
The ultimate effect of undercooling is to increase
the value of COP
Sub cooling is desirable because
1. Under cooling increases the refrigeration effect
for a same capacity.
2. Reduces the required mass flow rate.
3. Sub cooling ensures liquid entry into expansion
device and ensures its proper function
4. Reduces the vapour fraction at inlet to the
evaporator leading to the reduced pressure drop in
evaporator
Effect of sub cooling
3. What is the effect of superheating on COP of a
system? (R-13 Oct/Nov – 2016)
Ans: 1. Superheating increases the refrigeration effect from h1-h4 to h1-h4,
compressor
2. The energy for compression of refrigerant vapor will
increase
compressor
3. Specific volume increases from v1 to v1,. This implies
the reduction in mass flow rate for the same
displacement volume of compressor

4. Draw the refrigeration cycle on Ts diagram when

the refrigerant is dry and saturated at end of
compression.
(3m) (R-09) April-2011Ans:

152
 UNIT-III
1. What are the advantages of compressor in a refrigerator? (3M)(R-15) DEC-2018
Ans: Advantages of compressor in a refrigerator
1. It is not infrequent that the refrigerants dissolve oils and the lubrication conditions of compressor
deteriorate;
2. The aspirated steam has a low temperature and often carries drops of liquid;
3. Sometimes it can be observed a condensation of refrigerant in the cylinder (with intensive
cooling);
4. Often the refrigerants are very fluid and have a high permeability;
5. Increased requirements are always demanding to the refrigerating compressors: greater
reliability, considerable life-time, high efficiency, etc.
6. Operated over a wide range of changes in the suction and discharge pressures;

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of centrifugal compressors over

Reciprocating compressors? (3M)(R-15) DEC-2018
Ans: Advantages of centrifugal compressors over Reciprocating compressors:
1. Compressors have better mechanical efficiency due to absence of sliding parts.
2. Installation cost for setting up centrifugal compressors is lower.
3. It runs continuously and delivers steady and pulsating free air.
4. Large amount of volume is handled.
Disadvantages :
1. Pressure ratio is less, up to 4.
2. It is not suitable for multistage.

3. Give the advantages of hermetic sealed compressor? (R-13 May- 2017)

Ans: In a hermetic sealed, compressor and driving motor coupled to the same shaft, and are
enclosed in a common rigid casing made of welded steel.
Advantages:
1. Leak proof / completely sealed housing
2. There is no shaft sales since both compressor and motor sealed in the same casing.
153
 3. Portable compressor and motor act as a single unit.
4. No belt pulley coupling arrangement - No need disassembles the compressor from the motor to
move the system from one place to another.
5. Since there is no belt coupling or crankshaft, cost involved with the maintenance is less.
6. It is compact; they require small space.
7. Lubrication is simple; there is no external lubrication is required.
8. It is less noisy
9. Installation of hermetic sealed compressor is very easy.
4. Differentiate between low-side float valve and high side float valve.
(R-13 May- 2017)
Ans:
1. The high-side float valve and its chamber are located at the high-pressure side of the
system, while the low-side float valve is located at the low-pressure side of the system.
2. The needle and seat of the valve are at the outlet of the chamber as against the needle
valve being at the inlet of the chamber in the low-side float.
3. In the high-side float valve, the valve opens on a rise in the liquid level in the chamber,
just the opposite action of the low-side float valve, which closes on a rise in liquid level in
the chamber.
5. Explain the effect of condenser pressure on the efficiency of the cycle.
(R-13 Oct/Nov- 2016)
Ans:
The refrigeration effect is reduced by an area on the
T-S diagram (shown in fig) under the process 5-5˝. At
the same time, the condenser work increases by an
area 2-2"-4'-4 compared to the normal cycle. Thus,
the COP and refrigeration effect are reduced
compared to the ideal cycle. Further, the work input
has increased but is somewhat less than the
increase when there is a change in the evaporator
pressure.

6. Bring out the principles of working of capillary tube. (R-13 Oct/Nov- 2016)
Ans:
When the refrigerant leaves the condenser and enters the capillary tube its pressure drops
down suddenly due to very small diameter of the capillary. In capillary the fall in pressure
of the refrigerant takes place not due to the orifice but due to the small opening of the
capillary. The decrease in pressure of the refrigerant through the capillary depends on
the diameter of the capillary and the length of the capillary. Smaller is the diameter and
more is the length of the capillary more is the drop in pressure of the refrigerant as it
passes through it.

7. What is the difference between expander and compressor? (R-13 May-2016)

Ans:
Compression takes place in compressor. It is used to raise the pressure of the refrigerant, so that
it can condense at a higher temperature. When all the vapour has condensed in the condenser. It
works as a pump to control the circulation of the refrigerant.
154
 Expansion takes place in the expander and it lowers the pressure of refrigerant to evaporator
pressure, so that it evaporates in evaporator.
8. Differentiate between expansion cylinder and expansion valve. (R-13 May-2016)
Ans:
The functions of the expansion valve are:
(a) To reduce the pressure of the liquid from the condenser pressure to evaporator pressure,
(b) To keep the evaporator fully active and
(c) To modulate the flow of liquid to the evaporator according to the load requirements of the
evaporator so as to prevent flood back of liquid refrigerant to the compressor.
Expansion takes place in the expander and it lowers the pressure of refrigerant to evaporator
pressure, so that it evaporates in evaporator. Regulation of flow of refrigerant to evaporator
cannot be regulated.
9. State the various types of evaporations used in refrigeration and air conditioning
systems. (R-13 May-2016)
Ans:
Various types of Evaporators used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems are
1. Heating medium separated from evaporating liquid by tubular heating surfaces
2. Heating medium confined by coils, jackets, double walls, flat plates etc
3. Heating medium brought into direct contact with evaporating liquid
4. Heating with solar radiation

10. What are the properties of ideal refrigerant? (R-13 May- 2016)
Ans:
1. Low boiling and freezing point
2. High critical pressure and temperature
3. High latent heat of vapourisation
4. High thermal conductivity
5. Non- flammable and non- explosive
6. Non toxic, low cost
7. Mixes well with oil
8. High coefficient of performance
UNIT-IV
1. What are the components of vapor absorption refrigeration system
(2M)(R-15) April – 2018
Ans- The most basic components of a vapor absorption cycle are the evaporator,
absorber, pump(s), and generator. a condenser and throttle valves. Two major types
of absorption refrigeration system design exist: the two fluids and the three
fluid absorption systems.
2. What are the differences between vapor compression and absorption refrigeration
systems? (3)(R-15) Apl-2018

Ans-
Vapor Vapor
.no Aspect Absorption Compression
System System

155
 In Vapor
The only moving
compression the
part of Vapor
moving part is
Moving part in absorption
1 the compressor
the system refrigeration
which operated
system is the
by electric motor
pump.
or engine .

Load Variation Vapor

does not have compression
Workability at any effect on the system does not
2 Load varying performance of work well at
load the vapor partial load. The
absorption performance is
system very poor.

3. “ The steam jet refrigeration system is usually not economical above 350C condensing
temperatures” . Justify the statement. (3)(R-15) - Dec-2018
Ans- This system uses the principle of boiling the water below 1000 C. If the pressure on the
surface of the water is reduced below atmospheric pressure, water can be made boil at low
temperatures. Water boils at 60 C, when the pressure on the surface is 5 cm of Hg and at 100 C,
when the pressure is 6.5 cms of Hg. The very low pressure or high vacuum on the surface of the
water can be maintained by throttling the steam through jets or nozzles.

4. Discuss the function of absorber in vapor absorption refrigeration system.

(2M) ( R-13) May- 2017
Ans- The evaporator absorbs heat from the energy source. The energy absorbed evaporates
some of the refrigerant vapour from the liquid absorbent. The vapour passes into the absorber
where it is dissolved into the absorbent, releasing some energy and concentrating the solution.

5. What are desirable characteristics of absorbent in vapour absorption refrigeration

cycle? (3m) (R-13) Dec-2017
Ans- Heat is then used to drive off these refrigerant vapors thereby increasing the concentration
again. Lithium bromide is the most common absorbent used in commercial cooling equipment,
with water used as the refrigerant. Smaller absorption chillers sometimes use water as the
absorbent and ammonia as the refrigerant.
6. Under what situation in steam jet refrigeration system recommended? What are its
limitations? Can it be used for obtaining sub-zero temperatures? (2M) (R-13) May- 2017
Ans-
A. It is flexible in operation; cooling capacity can be easily and quickly changed.
B. It has no moving parts as such it is vibration free.
C. It can be installed out of doors.
D. The weight of the system per ton of refrigerating capacity is less.
E. The system is very reliable and maintenance cost is less.
F. The system is particularly adapted to the processing of cold water used in rubber mills,,
distilleries, paper mills, food processing plants, etc.
156
G. This system is particularly used in air-conditioning installations, because of the complete safety of
water as refrigerant and ability to adjust quickly to load variations and no hazard from the leakage
of the refrigerant.

7. What are different refrigerant and absorbers are used in different applications.
Ans- (2M) (R-13) Oct/Nov- 2016
In the vapor absorption system the refrigerant used is ammonia, water or lithium bromide.
The refrigerant gets condensed in the condenser and it gets evaporated in the evaporator. ...
Thus the absorber and the generator replace the compressor in the vapor absorption cycle
8. Explain the principle of steam jet refrigeration system.(3M) (R-13) Oct/Nov- 2016
Ans- A method of cooling involving the use of steam nozzles to reduce the pressure in a water
chamber so that the water boils at a low temperature; since heat is drawn from the water, it is
thus cooled
Principle: Steam is passed through a vacuum ejector of high efficiency to exhaust a separate,
closed vessel which forms part of a cooling water circuit. The partial vacuum in the vessel causes
some of the water to evaporate, thus giving up heat through evaporative cooling.
9. Explain about recuperation. (2M) ( R-13) May - 2016
Ans- The push-pull recovery method is used for transferring large volumes of liquid refrigerant.
During this process, the recovery unit pulls vapor from the recovery cylinder and produces high
pressure discharge gas that pushes liquid out of the HVAC system and back into
the recovery cylinder.

UNIT-V
1. What is wet bulb temperature? (2M)(R-15) Dec 2018
Ans- The wet-bulb temperature (WBT) is the temperature read by a thermometer covered in
water-soaked cloth (wet-bulb thermometer) over which air is passed.At 100% relative humidity,
the wet-bulb temperature is equal to the air temperature (dry-bulb temperature) and it is lower at
lower humidity. It is defined as the temperature of a parcel of air cooled to saturation (100%
relative humidity) by the evaporation of water into it, with the latent heat supplied by the parcel. A
wet-bulb thermometer indicates a temperature close to the true (thermodynamic) wet-bulb
temperature. The wet-bulb temperature is the lowest temperature that can be reached under
current ambient conditions by the evaporation of water only

2. Classify air conditioning systems. (3M)(R-15) Dec2018

Ans-

3. What is the concept of human comfort? (3M)(R-15) April 2018

Ans- The human body has ways to adjust (increase or decrease) its heat loss, for example by
bringing more or less blood to vessels right under the skin or by changing the total amount of
157
 blood in the body, with more blood produced under warmer conditions to expel heat more
effectively. Sweating and the resulting evaporation is another physiological mechanism to expel
heat, but it is not one that we would call comfortable. Thus, we can feel thermally comfortable
within a range of temperatures, but that this range is limited. Experience reveals that the comfort
range for most people extends from 68oF (20oC) to 78oF (25oC).
4. What are the applications of air conditioning? (2M)(R-15) April 2018
Ans- Airedale air conditioning systems are adaptable and cover a range of air conditioning
applications including data centre cooling, process cooling, commercial air conditioning,
healthcare air conditioning, laboratory cooling and pharmaceutical cooling
Industrial, such as in textiles, printing, manufacturing, photographic, computer rooms, power
plants, vehicular etc .Comfort – commercial, residential etc
7. Distinguish sensible and latent heat loads. (3M)(R-15) Dec – 2017
Ans-Latent and sensible heat are types of energy released or absorbed in the
atmosphere. Latent heat is related to changes in phase between liquids, gases, and
solids. Sensible heat is related to changes in temperature of a gas or object with no change in
phase.
8. Prove that the partial pressure of water vapour in the atmospheric air remains constant
as long as the specific humidity remains constant. (2M)(R-
15) Dec – 2017
Ans- Water Vapor Partial Pressure: Unlike other gases in air, water vapor may condense under
common conditions. Since the boiling point of water at normal atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa)
is 100oC, the vapor partial pressure of water is low compared to dry air partial pressure in
moist air.
Specific humidity, mass of water vapour in a unit mass of moist air, usually expressed as grams
of vapour per kilogram of air, or, in air conditioning, as grains per pound. The specific humidity is
an extremely useful quantity in meteorology.
9. What is the difference between Refrigeration and Air Conditioning? (2M)(R-15) Dec –
2017
Ans- A major difference between refrigeration and air conditioning is the point of supply for the
gases. Refrigeration systems have gas installed in a series of tubes. Air conditioning systems
use built-in chemicals, but also air from the room or rooms being heated.

10. What do you understand by effective room sensible heat factor? (2m) ( R-13) May-
2017
Ans- Effective Room Sensible Heat (ERSH) is the sum of all sensible heat gain that occurs in
the room including the gain due to the portion of the ventilation air which is bypassed.The supply
air to a conditioned space must have the capacity to offset simultaneously both the room
sensible and room latent heat loads. ... This line represents the psychometric process of the
supply air within the conditioned space and is called the room sensible heat factor line
11. With the help of psychometric chart, explain sensible heating and sensible cooling
process (R-13 May-

158
2017)
Ans- Sensible cooling During this process, the
moisture content of air remains constant but its
temperature decreases as it flows over a cooling coil.
For moisture content to remain constant, the surface of
the cooling coil should be dry and its surface
temperature should be greater than the dew point
temperature of air. If the cooling coil is 100% effective,
then the exit temperature of air will be equal to the coil
temperature.
Sensible heating During this process, the moisture
content of air remains constant and its temperature
increases as it flows over a heating coil. The sensible
heating process is represented by a straight horizontal
line on the Psychometric chart. Sensible heating of the
air is important when the air conditioner is used as the
heat pump to heat the air. In the heat pump the air is
heated by passing it over the condenser coil

12. What is the need of ventilation in A/C

applications? (2m) (R-13) Oct/Nov- 2016
Ans: The main purposes of a Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system are to
help maintain good indoor air quality through adequate ventilation with filtration and provide
thermal comfort. HVAC systems are among the largest energy consumers in schools

13. Draw comfort chart and indicate comfort zone. (3m) (R-13) Oct/Nov- 2016
Ans-

14. What is the meaning of air conditioning? (2m) ( R-13) May- 2016
Ans- a system for controlling the humidity, ventilation, and temperature in a building or vehicle,
typically to maintain a cool atmosphere in warm conditions.

15. Explain the relation between wet bulb temperature, sensible heaters, sensible cooling.
159
 (3m) ( R-13) May- 2016
Sensible Heating of the Air
Sensible heating process is opposite to sensible cooling process. In sensible heating process the
temperature of air is increased without changing its moisture content. During this process the
sensible heat, DB and WB temperature of the air increases while latent of air, and the DP point
temperature of the air remains constant.
Sensile Cooling of the Air
Cooling of the air is one of the most common Psychometric processes in the air conditioning
systems. The basic function of the air-conditioners is to cool the air absorbed from the room or
the atmosphere, which is at higher temperatures. The sensible cooling of air is the process in
which only the sensible heat of the air is removed so as to reduce its temperature, and there is
no change in the moisture content (kg/kg of dry air) of the air. During sensible cooling process the
dry bulb (DB) temperature and wet bulb (WB) temperature of the air reduces, while the latent
heat of the air, and the dew point (DP) temperature of the air remains constant. There is overall
reduction in the enthalpy of the air
Wet-bulb temperature. The wet-bulb temperature(WBT) is the temperature read by a
thermometer covered in water-soaked cloth (wet-bulb thermometer) over which air is passed. At
100% relative humidity, the wet-bulb temperature is equal to the air temperature (dry-bulb
temperature) and it is lower at lower humidity.

OBJECTIVE TYPE R&A/C

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: UNIT-I
1 The heat removing capacity of one tonne refrigerator is equal to [ b ]
a. 21 KJ/min b. 210 KJ/min
c. 420 KJ/min d. 620 KJ/min
2 The coefficient of performance is always__________ one. [c ]
a. equal to b. less then
c. greater than d. no answer
3 The ratio of heat extracted in the refrigerator to the work done on the refrigerant is
call
a. coefficient of performance of refrigeration
b. coefficient of performance of heat pump
c. relative coefficient of performance
d. refrigerating efficiency
4 The COP of reversed Carnot cycle is most strongly depend upon
a. evaporator temperature b. condenser temperature
c. specific heat d. refrigerant
5 The efficiency of Carnot heat engine is 80%. The COP of a refrigerator operating on
the reversed Carnot cycle is equal to
[ ]
a. 0.25 b. 0.40
c. 0.60 d. 0.80
6 The COP for a reversed Carnot refrigerator is 4. The ratio of its highest temperature
to the lowest temperature will be
[ ]
a. 1 b. 1.25
c. 1.75 d. 2

7 Air refrigeration cycle is used in [ ]

a. commercial refrigerators b. domestic refrigerators
c. air conditioning d. gas liquification
8 Air refrigerator works on [

160
 ]
a. Carnot cycle b. Rankine cycle
c. reversed Carnot cycle d. Bell-Colleman cycle
9 In air conditioning of aeroplanes, using air as a refrigerant, the cycle used is [
]
a. reversed Carnot cycle b. reversed Joule cycle
c. reversed Brayton cycle d. reversed Otto cycle
10 A boot strap air cooling system has [
]
a. one heat exchanger b. two heat exchanger
c. three heat exchangers d. four heat exchanger
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1 1) __________ is the ratio between the heat extracted and the work done.

2 2) The COP for Carnot refrigerator is equal to __________

3 3) The COP for a Carnot refrigerator is __________ than that of Carnot heat pump.

4 4) The ratio of actual COP to theoretical COP is called as __________

5 5) The reduced ambient air cooling system is used for very __________ speed
aircrafts.

6 6) In a closed or dense air refrigeration cycle, the operating pressure ratio can be
reduced, which results in _________ coefficient of performance.

7 7) In a refrigerating machine, heat rejected is __________ heat absorbed.

8 8) The COP for Carnot heat pump is equal to __________

9 9) One tonne of refrigeration is equal to __________

10 In air conditioning of aeroplanes, using air as refrigerant, the cycle used

is__________

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: UNIT-II

1 2) The function of compressor in vapour compression refrigeration system is
[ ]
a. to continuously circulate the rfrigerant through the system

b. to compress the vapour from low pressure to high pressure

c. to compress the vapour from low temperature to high temperature
d. to do all of the above
2 Dry evaporator is one [
]
a. in which the exit from evaporator is dry saturated refrigerant

b. in which the exit from evaporator is super heated refrigerant

c. in which the exit from evaporator has refrigerant with high dryness fraction

161
 d. in which the inlet to the evaporator has refrigerant with some dryness fraction

3 10) In a liquid chillers when the liquid to be chilled is the shell and refrigerant
flows in the tubes it is fitted with

a. float valve b. thermostatic

expansion valve
c. thermostatic d. none
4 11) The work input to air compressor is minimum if the compressor law followed
I [ ]
a. isentropic PVr = C b. isothermal PV = C
1.2
c. PV = C d. PV 1.35 = C
5 18) The pressure at the outlet of a refrigerant compressor is called
[ ]
a. suction pressure b. discharge pressure
c. critical pressure d. back pressure

6 19) The work requirement for a reciprocating compressor is minimum when the
compression process is
[ ]
a. Isothermal b. Isentropic
c. Polytrophic d. Adiabati
7 20) The pressure at the inlet of a refrigerant compressor is called [ ]
a. suction pressure b. discharge pressure
c. critical pressure d. back pressure
8 Which device is used for the expansion of refrigerant in vapour compression
refrigeration cycle?
[
]
a. throttling valve b. capillary tube
c. either throttling valve or capillary tube d. none of the above
9 Wet compression is [
]

a. more dangerous than the dry compression in vapour compression refrigeration

system
b. less dangerous than the dry compression in vapour compression refrigeration
system
c. equally preferable in vapour compression refrigeration system
d. cannot say
10 What is flash gas fraction?
[ ]
a. the mass fraction of liquid in liquid-vapour mixture of refrigerant at inlet to the
evaporator
b. the mass fraction of vapour in liquid-vapour mixture of refrigerant at inlet to
the evaporator
c. the mass of vapour actually compressed to the mass of vapour should have
compressed ideally
d. none of the above
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1 Vapour compression cycle using R-12 gives maximum __________

162
2 In a compound vapour compression refrigeration system, the compression
refrigerant carried out in ________ compressor.

3 COP of vapour compression refrigeration system is quite __________ as

compared to air refrigeration system
4 Hydrogen is used in electrolux refrigeration system so as to __________ the
vapour pressure ammonia in evaporator.

5
What is the result of superheating of vapour at the evaporator outlet?
__________

6
The accumulator in a refrigeration system is installed at the__________

7 To improve the COP of a refrigeration system, the sub-cooling in the condenser

should be __________

8 The boiling point of a liquid increases with the __________

9 With the decrease of suction pressure, refrigeration effect__________

10 With the decrease in discharge pressure, COP of a refrigeration system

__________

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: UNIT-III

3) Centrifugal refrigerant compressors are employed for the following refrigerants

1 [ ]
a. R-113 b. R-22
c. R-717 d. R-21
2 4) In a shell and tube condenser
[ ]
a. water flows in the shell and refrigerant flows in the tube
b. water flows in the tube and refrigerant flows in the shell
c. any one a or b could be there
d. none the above
3 5) In shell and coil condenser
[ ]
a. water flows in the coil and refrigerant in shell
b. water flows in the shell and refrigerant flows in the coil
c. any one a or b could be there
d. none the above
4 6) When capillary is used as an expansion device in vapour compression
refrigeration system
[ ]
a. the refrigerant charge is critical b. the varying load conditions cannot be
satisfied
c. the receiver cannot be installed between the condenser and capillary
d. all of the above
5 7) Direct expansion coil evaporator is
[ ]
163
 a. flooded type evaporator b. dry type evaporator
c. wet type evaporator d. none of the above
6 8) Flooded evaporator is fitted with
[ ]
a. accumulator b. float valve
c. liquid eliminator d. all of these
7 Dry evaporator is one
[ ]
a. in which the exit from evaporator is dry saturated refrigerant
b. in which the exit from evaporator is super heated refrigerant
c. in which the exit from evaporator has refrigerant with high dryness fraction
d. in which the inlet to the evaporator has refrigerant with some dryness fraction

8 10) In a liquid chillers when the liquid to be chilled is the shell and refrigerant
flows in the tubes it is fitted with
[ ]
a. float valve b. thermostatic
expansion valve
c. thermostatic d. none
9 12) Natural convention air cooled condenser are used for
[ ]
a. domestic refrigerators b. water coolers
c.room air conditioners d. all of these
10 13) The Bare tube evaporators are also known as
[ ]
a. prime surface b. extended surface
c. both a & b d. none the above
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1 1) Evaporator condenser use __________.

2 2) The heat rejection ratio defined as __________.

3 3) A thrust bearing is generally necessary in __________.

4 4) Reciprocating refrigerant compressors are very suitable for __________.

5 5) A condenser is used in the _____________ pressure side of a

refrigerating system.

6 6) The heat rejection factor (HFR) is given by _____________

7 7) The water cooled condenser operates at a _______________

condensing temperature than an

8 8) An evaporator is used in the ________________ of a refrigeration

system.

9 9) Thermostatic expansion valve is used in _______________ type of

evaporators.

10 Most thermostatic expansion valves are set for a superheat of ________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: UNIT-IV

1 The refrigerant, commonly used in vapour absorption system is [ ]

164
 a. water b. ammonia
c. Freon d. aqua- ammonia
2 A vapour absorption system
a. gives noisy operation
b. gives quiet operation
c. requires little power consumption d. cools below 00 C
3 1) Work of compression of the fluid in vapour absorption for refrigeration
as compared to that in vapour compression refrigeration system is
2) a. more b. less
c. may be more or lessd. unpredictable
4 3) COP of practical vapour compression system as compared to that for
vapour absorptions system is
a. more b. less
c. unpredictable d. more for sub-zero temperature and less for temperature
above zero
5 In a lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system
a. lithium bromide is used as a refrigerant and water as an absorbent
b. water is used as a refrigerant and lithium bromide as an absorbent
c. ammonia is used as a refrigerant and lithium bromide as an absorbent
d. none the above
6 The fluids used in the Electrolux refrigerator are [ ]
a. water and hydrogen b. ammonia and hydrogen
c. ammonia, water and hydrogen d. none the above
7 4) An Electrolux refrigerator is called a [ ]
a. single-fluid absorption system b. two-fluid absorption system
c. three-fluid absorption system d. none the above
8 Electrolux system of refrigeration has [ ]
a. only one liquid pump b. only two liquid pump
c. no liquid pump d. none
9 5) A rectifier is fitted in an ammonia absorption pant to [ ]
a. to superheat ammonia vapour
b. remove the unwanted water vapour by heating the vapour mixer
c. remove the unwanted water vapour by cooling the vapour mixer
d. remove the unwanted water vapour by cooling the vapour mixer and
condensing the wter vapour
10 In aqua ammonia absorption refrigeration system, incomplete rectification leads
to accumulation of water in

a. condenser b. evaporator
c. absorber d. none of these
11 6) The freon group of refrigerants are [ ]
a. hollow-carbon refrigerants b. azeotrope
refrigerants
c. inorganic refrigerants d. hydro-carbon refrigerants
12 Which of the following refrigerants is highly toxic and flammable [ ]
a. ammonia b. CO2
c. sulphur dioxide d. R-12
13 In a stem jet refrigeration system the motive steam expands in [ ]
a. convergent nozzle b. divergent nozzle
c. convergent-divergent nozzle d. any nozzle
14 The velocity of steam at the exit from nozzles is [ ]
165
 a. supersonic b. sonic
c. subsonic d. none of these
15 COP of the steam jet refrigeration system varies from
a. 0.5 to 0.8 b. 2 to 4
c. 5 to 10 d. none the above
16 Air refrigerator works on

a. Carnot cycle b. Rankine cycle

c. reversed Carnot cycle d. Bell-colemon cycle
17 The cooling system used for supersonic aircrafts and rockets is [
]
a. simple air cooling system b. boot strap air cooing
system
c. reduced ambient air cooling system d. regenerative air
cooling system
19 An ordinary passenger aircraft requires a cooling system of capacity
a. 2 TR b. 4 TR
c.8 TR d. 10 TR
20 A jet fighter travelling at 950 km/hr needs a cooling system of capacity
a. 2 to 4 TR b.4 to 8 TR
c.8 to 10 TR d. 10 to 20 TR
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. COP of practical vapour compression system is __________ as
compared to that for vapour absorption system.
2. Hydrogen is used in electrolux refrigeration system so as to __________
the vapour pressure ammonia in evaporator.
3. The refrigerant widely used in domestic refrigerators is __________
4. The boiling point of ammonia is __________
5. In larger industrial and commercial reciprocating compression systems,
the refrigerant widely used in __________
6. Environmental protection agencies advise against the use of chloro-
fluoro- carbon (CFC) refrigerants since __________ these react with
__________
7. Clearance factor is a ratio of __________
8. Pressure at the inlet of a refrigerant compressor is called ___________
9. A condenser is used in the __________ pressure side of a refrigerating
system.
10. Condensing medium used in evaporative condensers is __________
11. The evaporator used in house hold refrigerators is __________
12. The spoilage of food is due to ___________
13. Steam jet refrigeration cycle employs the compressor device called
__________
14. The triple point for CO2 at 5.18 bar is __________
15. The COP of the steam jet refrigeration system varies from
_________________
16. The compression device used in a steam jet refrigeration system is a
_______________
17. In a steam jet refrigeration system , the motive steam expands in
_________________________
18. The liquid oxygen boils at ______________

166
 19. The process of removing the moisture from the food product is called
____________________
20. The COP of practical vapour compression system is ____________________ as
compared to that for vapour absorption system

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: UNIT-V

1 In summer air conditioning, the air is [ ]

a. cooled and humidified b. cooled and dehumidified
c. heated and humidified d. heated and dehumidified
2 In winter air conditioning, the air is
[ ]
a. cooled and humidified b. cooled and dehumidified
c. heated and humidified d. heated and dehumidified
3 For summer air conditioning, the relative humidity should not be less than
[ ]
a. 40 % b. 60%
c. 75% d. 90%
4 The sensible heat factor for auditorium or cinema hall is generally kept as
[ ]
a. 0.6 b. 0.7
c. 0.8 d. 0.9

5 The conditioned air supplied to the room must have the capacity to take up
[ ]
a. room sensible heat load only b. room latent heat load only
c. both a & b d. none the above
6 The wet bulb depression is zero, when relative humidity is equal to
[ ]
a. zero b. 0.5
c. 0.75 d. 1.0
7 If relative humidity is 100%, then
[ ]
a. DBT > WBT b. WBT > DBT
c. DBT = WBT d. DBT = 1/2 WBT
8 The curved line on a psychometric chart indicates [
]
a. DBT b. WBT
c. specific humidity d. relative humidity
9 The alignment circle is marked on the psychometric chart at [ ]
a. 200 C DBT and 50% RH b. 260 C DBT and 50% RH
c. 200 C and 60% RH d. 260 C DBT and 60% RH
10 The ambient air temperature as recorded by ordinary thermometer is called
[ ]
a. WBT b. Due Point Temperature
c. DBT d. Saturation Temperature
11 Standard barometric pressure is [
]
a. 1.0332 Kgf/cm2 b. 760 mm of Hg
c. 1013.25 bar d. all of the above

167
12 1) The barometric pressure = 1.03 bar, the saturation at the DBT = 0.06 bar,
actual vapour pressure at same DBT = 0.03 bar. The relative humidity is
[ ]
a. 33.33% b. 50%
c. 48.5% d. none of the above
14 Effective temperature depends on [
]
a. only DBP b. DBT& WBT
c. DBT & RH d. DBT, WBT & Air
motion
DBT is 200C, WBT is 200 C, Then effective temperature is [ ]
15 a. 200 C b. less than 200C
c. more than 200c d. not determinable
16 When the outside air is introduced for ventilation purpose, there is [ ]
a. sensible heat gain b. latent heat gain
c. a & b d. none
17 The recommended outside air required per person for theatres is [ ]
a. 0.23 m3/min b. 0.36 m3/min
c. 0.45 m3/min d. 1.5 m3/min
18 The wet bulb temperature during sensible heating of air [ ]
a. remains constant b. increases
c. decreases d. None of the above

19 The sensible heat produced by a person working in a bank is about

[ ]
a. 53 W b. 58 W
c. 88 W d. 136 W
20 The heat production from a normal healthy when, asleep is about [
]
a. 20 W b. 40 W
c. 60 W d. 80 W
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. On psychometric chart, sensible cooling is represented by __________
2. A mixture of dry air and water vapour, when the air has diffused the
maximum amount of water vapour into it is called __________
3. The vertical and uniformly spaced lines on a psychometric chart
indicates__________
4. Specific humidity is also called as ___________
5. The process generally used in winter air conditioning to warm and
humidify the air is called as __________
6. The by-pass factor of two rows of similar coil is 0.01, then the by-pass
factor of one row of the coil will be __________
7. Specific humidity is defined as __________
8. The ratio of sensible heat to total heat is called _________
9. During sensible cooling of air, the coil efficiency is given by
___________
10. For unsaturated air, the due point temperature is __________ wet bulb
temperature.
11. Room sensible heat is equals to 50 kW, room latent heat 50 kW then,
room sensible heat factor is __________
168
 12. Room sensible heat loss = 30,000kJ/hr, room latent heat loss =
20,00kJ/hr, then sensible heat factor ______________
13. A fasting, weak or sick man will have __________ metabolic heat
production
14. The effective temperature __________ with decrease in relative
humidity at the same dry bulb temperature
15. Effective room sensible heat load is _____________
16. At the same DBT effective temperature __________ with __________ in
relative humidity.
17. Relative humidity is defined as ______________
18. Room sensible heat gain = 30kW, room latent heat loss = 70 kW, the
room sensible heat factor will be __________
19. Effective room sensible heat factor is ___________
In summer comfort cooling the air of the occupied space should not have a
relative humidity above __________

ASSIGNMENTS QUESTIONS

169
UNIT-1 (Short Questions)
1 What is the application of refrigeration?
2 Explain the term “tonne of refrigeration”.
3 Explain the cycle of Carnot refrigerator.
4 Distinguish between Engine and Refrigerator.
5 What is the meaning of air conditioning?
Long questions
1 What is an ideal COP of a refrigerator? Derive an expression
2 Dense air is used as refrigerant in Bell Coleman cycle. The temperatures at
the end of the heat absorption and heat rejection are 50C and 300C
respectively. The pressure ratio is 4 bars and the pressure in the cooler is 6
bars. Determine:

i) Temperatures at all state points.

ii) Volume flow rates at inlet to compressor and outlet to turbine for 2 TR
cooling capacity.
3 How does the increase in condenser temperature affect COP.? Also explain
the influence of evaporator temperature on COP. Which of the two
temperatures have more influence on COP?
4 What is the difference between a refrigerator and a heat pump? Derive an expression for the
performance factor for both if they are running on reserved Carnot cycle.

5 A Carnot refrigerator operates between the temperatures of – 50 0C and 500C. Determine COP of the
refrigerator. If the COP is to be made 4 by changing the temperatures such that increase or decrease
in upper temperature is equal to decrease or increase in lower temperature, determine the new
temperatures
UNIT-2 (Short Questions)
1 Explain the importance of superheating vapors before suction to compressor.
How does it affect COP of the system?
2 Discuss the effect of sub -cooling on COP. Would you desire large sub-
cooling and
Why?
3 What is the effect of superheating on COP of a system?
4 Draw the refrigeration cycle on Ts diagram when the refrigerant is dry and
saturated at end of compression.
Long questions
1 State the effects of suction pressure and discharge pressure on performance
of vapor compression system
2 Sketch the T-s and p-h diagrams for the vapor compression cycles when the
vapor after compression is i) dry saturated and ii) wet.
3 How does an actual vapor compression cycle differ from that of a theoretical
cycle?
4 A R-12 refrigerating machine works on vapor compression cycle. The
temperature of refrigerant in the evaporator is -20 0C. The vapor is dry
saturated when it enters the compressor and leaves it in a superheated
condition. The condenser temperature is 30 0C. Assuming specific heat at
constant pressure for R-12 in the superheated condition as 1.884 kJ/kg K,
determine:

i) Condition of vapor at the entrance to the condenser

ii) Condition of vapor at the entrance

170to the evaporator and

iii) Theoretical COP of the machine.

5 A vapor compression plant using R-12 operates between 35 0C condensing temperature and -5 0C
evaporation temperature with saturated vapor leaving the evaporator. The plant consists of twin
cylinder, single acting compressor with 100 mm diameter and 120 mm stroke running at 300 rpm.
The volumetric efficiency is 85% and the mechanical efficiency is 90%. Assuming isentropic
 GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS (AUTONOMOUS)
COURSE STRUCTURE
(Applicable from the batch admitted during 2016-17 and onwards)
CAD/CAM
B.Tech (MECH) IV Year I-Sem L T P C
3 0 0 3
SYLLABUS

UNIT I
Fundamentals of CAD,CAM, Automation , design process, Application of computers for design, Benefits
of CAD, Computer configuration for CAD applications, Computer peripherals for CAD Design
workstation, Graphic terminal, CAD software- definition of system software and application software
,CAD database and structure.
Geometric Modeling: 3-D wire frame modeling, wire frame entities and their definitions, Interpolation
and approximation of curves, Concept of parametric and non-parametric representation of curves, Curve
fitting techniques, and definitions of cubic spline, Bezier, and B-spline.
UNIT II:
Surface modeling: Algebraic and geometric form, Parametric space of surface, Blending
functions,parametrization of surface patch, Subdividing, Cylindrical surface, Ruled surface, Surface of
revolution Spherical surface, Composite surface, Bezier surface. B-spline surface, Regenerative surface
and pathological conditions.
Solid Modelling: Definition of cell composition and spatial occupancy enumeration, Sweep
representation, Constructive solid geometry, Boundary representations.
UNIT III:
NC Control Production Systems: Numerical control, Elements of NC system, NC part programming:
Methods of NC part programming, manual part programming, Computer assisted part programming, Post
Processor, Computerized part program, SPPL (A Simple Programming Language). CNC, DNC and
Adaptive Control Systems.
UNIT IV:
Group Technology: Part families, Parts classification and coding. Production flow analysis, Machine cell
design.
Computer aided process planning: Difficulties in traditional process planning, Computer aided process
planning: retrieval type and generative type, Machinability data systems.
Computer aided manufacturing resource planning: Material resource planning, inputs to MRP, MRP
output records, Benefits of MRP, Enterprise resource planning, Capacity requirements planning
UNIT V:
Flexible manufacturing system: F.M.S equipment, FMS layouts, Analysis methods for FMS benefits of
FMS.
Computer aided quality control: Automated inspection- Off-line, On-line, contact, Non-contact;
Coordinate measuring machines, Machine vision.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing: CIM system, Benefits of CIM

SUGGESTED BOOKS:
Text Books
1. CAD/CAM Principles and Applications, P.N.Rao, TMH
2. CAD/CAM Concepts and Applications, Alavala, PHI

Reference:
1. CAD/CAM /Groover M.P., Pearson education
2. CAD / CAM Theory and Practice,/ Ibrahim Zeid,TMH
171
3. CAD / CAM / CIM, Radhakrishnan and Subramanian, New Age
4. Principles of Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, Farid Amirouche, Pearson
5. Computer Numerical Control Concepts and programming, Warren S Seames, Thomson.

Consolidated unit wise lesson plan

UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I UNIT – I : 14

Fundamentals of CAD,CAM, Automation , design process, Application of

computers for design, Benefits of CAD, Computer configuration for CAD
applications, Computer peripherals for CAD Design workstation, Graphic
terminal, CAD software- definition of system software and application
software ,CAD database and structure.
Geometric Modeling: 3-D wire frame modeling, wire frame entities and their
definitions, Interpolation and approximation of curves, Concept of parametric
and non-parametric representation of curves, Curve fitting techniques, and
definitions of cubic spline, Bezier, and B-spline.
II UNIT -II: 14

Surface modeling: Algebraic and geometric form, Parametric space of surface,

Blending functions,parametrization of surface patch, Subdividing, Cylindrical
surface, Ruled surface, Surface of revolution Spherical surface, Composite
surface, Bezier surface. B-spline surface, Regenerative surface and
pathological conditions.
Solid Modelling: Definition of cell composition and spatial occupancy
enumeration, Sweep representation, Constructive solid geometry, Boundary
representations.
III UNIT -III: 10

NC Control Production Systems: Numerical control, Elements of NC system,

NC part programming: Methods of NC part programming, manual part
programming, Computer assisted part programming, Post Processor,
Computerized part program, SPPL (A Simple Programming Language). CNC,
DNC and Adaptive Control Systems.

IV UNIT -IV: 15

Group Technology: Part families, Parts classification and coding. Production

flow analysis, Machine cell design.
Computer aided process planning: Difficulties in traditional process planning,
Computer aided process planning: retrieval type and generative type,
Machinability data systems.
Computer aided manufacturing resource planning: Material resource planning,
inputs to MRP, MRP output records, Benefits of MRP, Enterprise resource
planning, Capacity requirements planning
V UNIT -V: 10

Flexible manufacturing system: F.M.S equipment, FMS layouts, Analysis

methods for FMS benefits of FMS.
Computer aided quality control: Automated inspection- Off-line, On-line,
contact, Non-contact; Coordinate measuring machines, Machine vision.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing: CIM system, Benefits of CIM

172
 TOTAL HOURS 64
Tutorial Classes 10
Descriptive Tests 02
Classes for beyond syllabus 02
Remedial Classes/NPTEL 02
Total Number of Classes 80

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
T1 CAD/CAM Principles and Applications, P.N.Rao, TMH
T2 CAD/CAM Concepts and Applications, Alavala, PHI
R1 CAD/CAM /Groover M.P., Pearson education
R2
CAD / CAM Theory and Practice,/ Ibrahim Zeid,TMH
R3
CAD / CAM / CIM, Radhakrishnan and Subramanian, New Age
R4
Principles of Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, Farid Amirouche, Pearson
R5
Computer Numerical Control Concepts and programming, Warren S Seames, Thomson

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To provide an overview of how computers are being used in design, development of manufacturing plans
and manufacture. To understand the need for integration of CAD and CAM.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to
S.NO DESCRIPTION
1 Students shall be able to understand about fundamentals of CAD/CAM, application of
computers in CAD, computer peripherals and software for CAD and geometric modeling
2 Students can learn concepts and applications of surface and solid modeling
3 Students can gain knowledge on principles of working of NC and CNC machines and part
programming and understand the techniques of computer aided process planning and
manufacturing resource planning
4 Describe the use of GT and CAPP for the product development.
5. Students can understand about Flexible Manufacturing System, inspection techniques used
in computer aided quality control and benefits of CIMS

MAPPING OF COs versus PSOs and POs:

Sr. PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
No.
1 CO1 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
2 CO2 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
3 CO3 3 3 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2
4 CO4 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
5 CO5 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1

3- Strongly related 2- Moderate 1- Low 0 - No Mapping

173
 Question Bank

Sl.No. Questions BTL level Course

Outcome
Unit - I
Part – A (2 Marks )
1 List the objectives of a CAD database? R13 MAY 2019 L1 CO1
[ 2M]
2 Differentiate between interpolation and approximation? R13 L2 CO1
MAY 2019 [ 3M]
3 What is a parametric CAD system? R15 DEC 2018 [2M] L1 CO1
4 Differentiate between implicit and explicit functions? R15 L2 CO1
DEC 2018[3M]
5 List out input and output devices of CAD? R13 MAY L1 CO1
2018 [ 2M]
6 What are the importance’ s of continuity curves? R13 L1 CO1
MAY 2018 [ 3M]
7 What are Computer Peripherals of CAD (R13 NOV-17) L1 CO1
8 What are the Functions of Geometric Modeling in Design L1 CO1
(R13 NOV-17)
9 Write any five advantages by the adoption of CAD L1 CO1
(R13 DEC-16)
10 Write any ten auto cad commands. (R13 DEC-16) L1 CO1
11 What are the various input devices used in CAD/CAM L1 CO1
(R09 NOV-15)
12 How the computers are used in Design? (R09 NOV-15) L4 CO1
13 How the computers are used in planning and manufacturing L4 CO1
(R09 NOV-15)
14 Mention any two Geometric modeling techniques used in L2 CO1
construction? (R09 NOV-15)
15 What is Product life cycle? (R09 JUNE-14) L1 CO1

Unit – I
Part – B (5 Marks )
1 What are the basic reasons for implementing CAD/CAM applications L1 CO1
in design and manufacturing process? R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]
2 List the major specifications of a design workstation. R13 MAY L4 CO1
2019 [ 5M]
3 Describe the sources of ambiguities in the wire frame modeling of an L3 CO1
object. R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]
4 Enumerate the properties of the Bezier basis functions. R13 MAY L1 CO1
2019 [ 5M]
5 Find the equations of a Bezier curve which is defined by four control L2 CO1
points as (80,30,0), (100,100,0), (200,100,0) and (250,30,0). R13
MAY 2019 [ 5M]

174
6 Briefly describe the types of storage devices used in L2 CO1
computers? R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
7 Explain the concepts of parametric and non- parametric L2 CO1
with examples? R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
8 Write the properties of Bezier and B-spline curves? L2 CO1
R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
9 What is Hermite cubic spline curve ? Derive a general L3 CO1
characteristic equation for cubic spline curve? R15
DEC 2018 [5M]
10 Find the equation of Bezier curve which is defined by four L3 CO1
(250,30,0) control points as (80,30,0) ( 100,100,0 )
(200,100,0 ) and ( ) R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
11 Compare the traditional and CAD/CAM of product cycle? L2 CO1
R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]
12 What are the applications of computers in design? R13 L1 CO1
MAY 2018 [ 5M]
13 Differentiate between interpolation and approximation of L4 CO1
curves? R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]
14 Derive the parametric equation for Hermite cubic curve? L3 CO1
List out its characteristics? R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]
15 What are the Requirements of Geometric Modeling L2 CO1
( R13 NOV-2017)

16 Describe with the help of neat sketches the major surface L2 CO1
entities provided by the CAD/CAM Systems.
( R13 NOV-2017)

17 What is the most commonly used graphics terminal? Explain its L2 CO1
working? ( R13 NOV-2017)

18 Define the cubic spline and Bezier curves? Which of them more L1 CO1
popular in CAD and why? ( R13 NOV-2017)
19 Briefly explain the conventional process of the product cycle in L2 CO1
conventional manufacturing environment (R13 NOV-2016)

20 Draw the Block diagram of the data exchange method between L2 CO1
two different CAD systems using natural data format
(R13 NOV-2016)

21 How do you distinguish between a CPU and Microprocessor L4 CO1

(R13 NOV-2016)
22 What are the input devices and output devices Explain them L2 CO1
Briefly (R13 NOV-2016)
23 How computers are used in design planning, and manufacturing L4 CO1
in automation ( R09, Nov-15)

Sl.No. Questions BTL level Course

Outcome

175
 Unit - I I
Part – A (2 Marks )
1 List the various Boolean operations used in solid modelling? L1
CO2
R13 MAY 2019 [ 2M]
2 Suggest the procedure that is required the surfaces of the vanes L3 CO2
and inner projections of the shroud of a mixed flow impeller?
R13 MAY 2019 [ 3M]
3 What is meant by surface patch? R15 DEC 2018 [2M] L1 CO2
4 What are the Boolean operations used in solid modelling? L1
CO2
R15 DEC 2018[3M]
5 What is subdividing? R13 MAY 2018 [ 2M] L1 CO2
6 Write the parametric equation of ruled surface?R13 MAY L2 CO2
2018 [ 3M]
7 What are the Properties of B-Spline Curve? L1
(R13 NOV-17) CO2

8 Distinguish between Algebraic and Geometric form of a curve? L4 CO2

(R13 NOV-17)

9 Write Bezier surface and B-spline surface mathematical L2 CO2

relations (R13 DEC-16)

10 Differentiate between algebraic and geometric form of a curve L4

(R13 DEC-16) CO2

11 What are the methods used for surface Representation (R09 L1 CO2
NOV-15)

12 Write about CSG? (R09 NOV-15) L2 CO2

13 What is the need for removal of hidden surfaces? (R09 L1

JUNE-14) CO2

14 Write a brief note on solid modeling?(R13 NOV-16) L2 CO2

15 Explain the characteristics of Bezier surface?(R13 NOV-16) L2 CO2

Unit – II
Part – B (5 Marks )
1 A cylindrical surface is generated by sweeping a quarter circle in the L4
xy plane along the z-axis by 4 units. The quarter circle has a unit
radius and is centered at (0,0,0). Derive the parametric equation of
the surface. if the surface is represented by the B-spline surface, CO2
determine the knot values and the coordinates of the control points.
R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]
2 Distinguish between solid modeling using CSG technique and B-rep L4 CO2
technique. R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]
3 Describe the Euler-Poincare formula with suitable examples. R13 L2 CO2
MAY 2019 [ 5M]

176
4 Construct the CSG tree and CSG expression for a solid model as L3
shown in fig. R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]

CO2

5 Differentiate the terms wireframe, surface and solid L4 CO2

models , along with their benefits R15 DEC
2018 [5M]
6 What are the different types of geometric relations ? Why L1 CO2
would you use them in 3D geometric modelling? R15
DEC 2018 5M]
7 Sketch the geometric parameters required to create these L3
surface operations i)Tabulated cylinder ii) Revolve iii) CO2
Sweep iv) loft R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
8 Define Bezier surface? Explain various characteristics of L2 CO2
this surface?R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]
9 Enlist and L2 CO2
explainwithdifferentBooleanoperationsinsolidmodeling. R13
MAY 2018 [ 5M]
10 Explainthecelldecompositionandspatialoccupancyenumeration L2
CO2
R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]
11 Explain the following terms in detail with respect to surface L2 CO2
modeling?
4) Cylindrical surface
5) Ruled surface
6) Composite surface
(R13 NOV-2017)

12 Distinguishbetween surface modeling and wire frame modeling L4 CO2

in detail?

13 What is meant by sweep? Discuss in detail the types of sweep L2

techniques available for 3D geometric construction.
CO2
(R13 NOV-2017)

14 Give a Classification of the different surfaces that can be used L3 CO2

in geometric modeling applications
(R13 NOV-2016)

15 What is meant by sweep discuss in detail the various types of L1 CO2

sweep techniques available for 3-D Geometric construction
(R13 NOV-2016)
16 What is meant by continuity of curves? What are the types of L1 CO2

177
 continuity curves?
17 Find the equation of Bezier curve which is defined by four L3 CO2
control points as (80,30,0) (100,100,0) (200,100,0) and
(250,30,0) (R13 NOV-2016)
18 What are the various methods used for surface Representation L1 CO2
and mention their utility in developing CAD Software (R09
JUNE-14)

Sl.No. Questions BTL level Course

Outcome
Unit – III
Part – A (2 Marks )
1 Enumerate any four motion statements used in APT Part L1 CO3
programming? R13 MAY 2019 [ 2M]
2 What are the memory devices used in NC,CNC and DNC L1 CO3
Machines? R13 MAY 2019 [ 3M]

3 Define APT? R15 DEC 2018 [2M] L2 CO3

4 What are the different elements of NC system? R15 DEC L1 CO3
2018[3M]
5 What do you understand by M and G functions? R13 L2 CO3
MAY 2018 [ 2M]
6 Compare NC, CNC, DNC? R13 MAY 2018 [ 3M] L2 CO3
7 What are M03, M30 codes stands for in NC Programming? L1 CO3
(R13 NOV-2017)
8 What are the elements of the NC system? L1 CO3
(R13 NOV-2017)
9 What are M03 and M30 code stands for in NC programming L1 CO3
(R13 DEC-16)
10 Explain the use of MACROs in part programming L2 CO3
(R13 DEC-16)
11 Differentiate between Absolute and incremental position system? L4 CO3
(R09 JUNE-14)
12 Differentiate between Fixed and floating zero method? L4 CO3
(R09 JUNE-14)
13 List out any three NC words used in part programming? L1 CO3
(R09 JUNE-14)

14 How feedback control system useful in CNC? (R09 L4 CO3

JUNE-14)

Unit – III
Part – B (5 Marks )
1 Compare the open loop NC control system with closed loop NC L2 CO3
control system. R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]

178
2 Write part program manually to mill the edges of the plate as shown L3 CO3
in fig. all the dimensions are in mm. assume thickness as 15 mm.

3 Explain the usage of IJK part programming method of arc generation. L2 CO3
R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]
4 Write a manual part program to finish turn a hemispherical end on a L3 CO3
stainless steel shaft of 30 mm diameter as shown in fig. assume
spindle speed as 650 rpm and feed rate as 0.5 mm/rev. R13 MAY
2019 [ 5M]

5 What are the main features of CNC Machine Tool? Write L1 CO3
any 10 G codes and 10 M codes with a short description?
R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
6 Discuss the advantages of computer assisted part L2 CO3
programming over manual part programming? R15
DEC 2018 [5M]
7 Write the NC part program for the part shown below L3 CO3
figure. All the dimensions are in mm? R15 DEC 2018
[5M]

8 Explain the difference between CNC and DNC along with L2 CO3
neat sketches? R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
9 Explain theconcept ofadaptive control ofNCmachines. L2 CO3
R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]

179
10 Listoutvarious types GandMcodes functionsR13 MAY 2018 [ L1 CO3
5M]
11 How are NC machines are classified ? Explain them with L4 CO3
neat sketches?R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]
12 With neat sketches, write down the procedure for manual L3 CO3
part programming? R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]
13 A circle radius 5 units having centre located at point L3 CO3
(20,10,0) is rotated about the X-axis by an angle 2∏ to
obtain a surface of revolution? Calculate the surface point
at theta = ∏ and phi = ∏ ? R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]
14 Distinguish between ACO (Adaptive Control Optimization) and L4 CO3
ACC (Adaptive control constraint) types of adaptive control
systems? (R13 NOV-2017)

15 With neat sketch, explain the functioning of a NC machine. L3 CO3

State two important differences between NC and CNC?
( R13 NOV-2017)
16 Discuss the basic feedback control system used in CNC L2 CO3
machine tools. (R13 NOV-2017)
17 Write the procedure for writing computer assisted part L3 CO3
programming? (R13 NOV-2017)
18 Sketch a CNC Machine indicating various elements and L3 CO3
mention its advantages ?(R13 DEC-16)
19 What are the sequence part programming’s of drilling of holes L1 CO3
in a plate ?(R13 DEC-16)
20 What are the steps involved in the development of a part L1 CO3
program? Explain?(R09, NoV-15)
21 What is the need of DNC? Explain? (R09, NoV-15) L1 CO3
22 Explain a typical adaptive control machining system? L2 CO3
(R09 June-14)

Sl.No. Questions BTL level Course

Outcome
Unit – IV
Part – A (2 Marks )
1 What are the two types of parts similarities? R13 MAY 2019 [ L1 CO4
2M]
2 What is the importance of Retrieval type CAPP System? R13 L1 CO4
MAY 2019 [3M]
3 Define Variant approach? R15 DEC 2018[2M] L1 CO4
4 What is the need of Group Technology? R15 DEC L1 CO4
2018[3M]
5 What is the need of part Analysis? R13 MAY 2018 [ 2M] L1 CO4
6 What is composite part? Give an example of your own? L1 CO4
R13 MAY 2018 [ 3M]
7 What are the various approaches for CAPP? L1 CO4
(R13 NOV-2017)

8 What factors must be considered in selecting a classification L1 CO4

and coding systems? (R13 NOV-2017)
180
9 List the methods available for taking decisions in the process L1 CO4
planning(R13 DEC-16)

10 Explain the terms PDIR, MRIR and CAPP? (R13 DEC-16) L2 CO4

11 What is retrieval type of CAPP? (R09 NOV-15) L1 CO4

12 How the part families are segregated in G T? R09 NOV-15) L4 CO4

13 How the part families are segregated in G T? R09 NOV-15) L4 CO4

14 Explain optiz classification in GT(R09 JUNE-14) L2 CO4

15 Explain coding Systems in GT(R09 JUNE-14) L2 CO4

Unit – IV
Part – B (5 Marks )
1 Discuss the different stages of group technology plan. Discuss the L2 CO4
types of work that are to be conducted at each stage of the plan. R13
MAY 2019 [ 5M]
2 Explain in detail about production flow analysis R13 MAY 2019 L2 CO4
[ 5M]
3 Explain in detail about the methods used in Computer Aided process L2 CO4
planning . R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]
4 Differentiate between the enterprise resource planning and capacity L4 CO4
requirements planning. R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]

5 Define and explain the principle of group technology in L2 CO4

manufacturing? R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
6 What are the outputs of MRP ? Explain their uses? L2 CO4
R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
7 Explain the difficulties in traditional process planning ? L2 CO4
R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
8 What is the philosophy of JIT? Give any simple example? L2 CO4
R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
9 Discuss advantageanddisadvantages ofOPITZ code system. L2 CO4
R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]
10 What is a production flow Analysis? What are the various L1 CO4
steps involved in PFA? R13 MAY 2018 [ 5M]
11 How do you overcome difficulties in traditional process L4 CO4
planning by adopting CAPP method? R13 MAY 2018
[ 5M]
12 Explain themachine celldesignR13 MAY 2018 [ 5M] L2 CO4
13 Discuss how a company can benefit from a suitable CO4
classification and coding systems? (R13 NOV-2017)

181
14 How the part families are segregated in group technology and L4 CO4
explain its importance in automated manufacturing ?(R13, Dec-
16)

15 Differentiate between retrieval type and generative type of L4 CO4

computer aided process planning ?(R13, Dec-16)
16 How the computer aided process control and computer aided L4 CO4
quality control will be adopted(R09, Nov-15)
17 What is meant by CAPP? What are its functions? Explain the L2 CO4
importance of CAPP in manufacturing industry. (R09, June-
14)
18 What is meant by a part family in GT? What is the need of L1 CO4
grouping parts in part families 9R09, Nov-13)

Sl.No. Questions BTL level Course

Outcome
Unit – V
Part – A (2 Marks )
1 What are the major elements of flexible manufacturing L1
CO5
systems? R13 MAY 2019 [ 2M]
2 What are the important machine tools in a CIM system? R13 L1 CO5
MAY 2019 [3M]
3 Give some advantages by the implementation of CIM? R15 L2
CO5
DEC 2018[2M]
4 How SME defined CIM? R15 DEC 2018[3M] L4 CO5
5 Define FMS ? R13 MAY 2018 [ 2M] L1 CO5
6 What is the role of computers in quality control ? R13 L1 CO5
MAY 2018 [ 3M]
7 What are the benefits of the CIM? (R13 NOV-2017) L1 CO5
8 What are the Types of system Layouts in FMS? L1 CO5
(R13 NOV-2017)
9 Enumerate the benefits of FMS? (R13 DEC-16) L1 CO5
10 Define off-line and on-line inspections?(R13 DEC-16) L1 CO5
11 List out optical measuring steps used in Automation Inspection? L1
CO5
(R09 NOV-15)
12 Define CIM? (R09 NOV-15) L1 CO5
13 How computer aided quality control adopted in automation? L4
CO5
(R09 NOV-15)
14 State the advantages of CIM in manufacturing industry?(R09 L2 CO5
JUNE-13)
15 What is CIM circle diagram?(R09 JUNE-13) L1 CO5
16 What is the principle of material handling? L1 CO5
(R09 NOV-13)
Unit – V
Part – B (5 Marks )
1 Sketch the layout of a typical FMS and explain the important L3
subsystems. R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M] CO5

2 Compare FMS with transfer lines and CNC on the basis of volume L2 CO5
and variety of parts produced. R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]
3 Compare different CIM Models with particular reference to the flow L2 CO5
182
 of information. R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]
4 Differentiate between on-line/in-process and on-line/post process L4 CO5
inspection methods. R13 MAY 2019 [ 5M]
5 Describe the following with respect to CIM? L2
i) Process monitoring and control
CO5
ii) Quality control
R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
6 How does lean manufacturing system different from flexible L4 CO5
manufacturing system? R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
7 How do you evaluate the performance of FMS? L4
CO5
R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
8 Explain the following terms? R15 DEC 2018 [5M] L2 CO5
i. On line inspection
ii. Off-line inspection
iii. In – process inspection
iv. Post process inspection
9 Explain the difference between CNC and DNC along with L2
CO5
neat sketches? R15 DEC 2018 [5M]
10 Discuss thefollowing types oflayouts inthedesign ofFMS. L2 CO5
a)Circular layoutb}.Linear.Layout c).looplayout
d)FreelayoutR13 MAY 2018 [ 10M]
11 Explain following inspection systems L2
i) On line inspection
ii) Off-line inspection
iii) In – process inspection CO5
iv) Post process inspection

R13 MAY 2018 [ 10M]

12 Describe the Scheduling and Dispatching issues related to L2 CO5
Flexible manufacturing Systems. (R13 NOV-2017)

13 Does CIM required for Indian industry? Discuss various issues L2

of implementations, challenges in CIM. (R13 NOV-2017) CO5

14 State the advantages of CIM in manufacturing industry in L2 CO5

detail. ( R13 NOV-2017)

15 With neat diagram, explain the working principle of CMM. L3

CO5
(R09, Nov-15)
16 What are the various methods of automated inspection? L1 CO5
Explain. (R09, June-14)
17 Discuss major non-contact inspection methods L2
CO5
(R09-Nov-13)
18 What are the techniques employed to achieve quality control? L1 CO5
(R09-Nov-13)

183
 TUTORIAL CLASSES
S. No. Date Topic delivered HOD Sign

UNIT 1
Tutorial- 1
1 26/7/19 Define CAD and CAM System? Enlist various CAD software?

2 Briefly describe product life cycle with a neat sketch?

3 Compute the resolution of a 2X2 inch image that has 512X512

pixels?
Tutorial-2

4 2/8/19 Compute the size of an 640X480 image at 240 pixel per inch?

5 If an image has a height of 2 inches and as aspect ratio of 1.5, what

is its width?
6 If we want to resize a 1024X768 image to one that I s 640 pixel
wide with the same aspect ratio, what would be the height of the
image?
UNIT 2

Tutorial -1

7 16/8/19 Differentiate between wire frame modeling, surface modeling and

solid modeling?

8 Explain how a Bezier curve is composed with four polygon

vertices Po (1, 1), P1 (2, 5), P3 (4, 6) and P4 (6, 2)?

9 A Bezier curve is define by the control points as (30, 30), (50, 80),
(100,100) and (150, 30). Find the equation of the curve and its mid-
point?

Tutorial -2

10 6/9/2019 With examples explain the terms Analytical and Synthetic curves?

11 Find the equation of a Bezier curve which is defined by the four

control points as (80,30,0), (100,100,0), (200,100,0), and
(250,30,0)?
12 Find the equation of a Bezier curve which is defined by the four
control points as (80,30,0), (100,100,0), (200,100,0), and
(250,30,0)?
Tutorial -3

13 Verify the Euler poincare formula for a cube with a rectangular

hanging force as shown in figure

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14 Verify the Euler Pioncare formula for a half-section of the cube
with three orthogonal through voids as shown in figure?

Tutorial -4

15 Verify the Euler Poincare formula for the figure given below:

16 Verify the Euler Poincare formula for the figure given below:

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 UNIT-3

Tutorial-1

17 1. What is numerical control?

2. What are three basic components of a NC system?
3. What is the right hand rule in NC and where is it used?
4. What is the difference between point-to-point and continuous
path control in a motion control system?
5. What is the linear interpolation and why is it important in NC?
6. What is the difference between absolute positioning and
incremental positioning?

Tutorial-2

18 1. How is Computer Numerical System (CNC) distinguished from

conventional NC?
2. Name five of the ten features and capabilities of a modern CNC
machine control unit?
3. What is Distributed Numerical Control (DNC)?
4. What are some of the machine tool types to which numerical
control has been applied?
5. What is machining center?
6. Name four of the six part characteristics that are most suited to
the application of numerical control?

UNIT-4

Tutorial-1

19 1. What is group technology?

2. What are the production condition under which group technology
and cellular manufacturing are most applicable?
3. What are two major tasks that a company must undertake when
its implements group technology?
4. What is part family
Tutorial-2

20 1. What is process planning?

2. Name four of the seven decision and details that are usually
included within the scope of process planning?
3. What is the name of the document that list the process sequence
in process planning?
4. Name three of five benefits derived from Computer Aided
Process Planning?
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 5. Briefly describe the two basic approaches in Computer Aided
Process Planning?
6. Name three of the four activities often included within the scope
of advanced manufacturing planning?

UNIT-5

Tutorial-1

21 1. What is the Computer Integrated Manufacturing?

2. Human works will be needed in factory operations, even in the
most highly automated operations? What are they?

Tutorial-2

22 1. List the components of a co-ordinate measuring system (CMM)?

2. Describe the construction of a CMM probe?
3. What types of CMM physical configuration are there?
4. What types of methodologies are used to achieve CMM control?
5. List types of software for the following: core-software, Post-
inspection software and reverse engineering software?

Tutorial-3

23 1. What types of lighting are used in machine vision?

2. List some image processing and analysis techniques used in
machine vision?
3. Name some common methods of interpretation in machine
vision?
4. What are the other optical sensing techniques that can be used for
inspection?
5. List other inspection techniques that are non-contact and non-
optical?

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 GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
(AUTONOMOUS)
IV Year B.Tech. Mech I-Sem LTPC
0032
(ME0743) CAD/CAM LAB
Pre-requisites: CAD/ CAM .
Course objectives:
To be able to understand and handle design problems in a systematic manner. To be able to
apply CAD in real life applications. To be understand the basic principles of different types of
analysis.
Course out comes:
To understand the analysis of various aspects in of manufacturing design
Note: conduct any TEN excercises from the list gien below:
1. Drafting: Development of part drawings for various components in the form of orthographic
and isometric. Representation of dimensioning and tolerances.
2. Part Modeling: Generation of various 3D Models through Protrusion, revolve, sweep.
Creation of various features. Study of parent child relation. Feature based and Boolean
based modeling and Assembly Modeling. Study of various standard Translators. Design of
simple components.
3. Determination of deflection and stresses in 2D and 3D trusses and beams.
4. Determination of deflections, principal and Von-mises stresses in plane stress, plane strain
and Axi-symmetric components.
5. Determination of stresses in 3D and shell structures (at least one example in each case)
6. Estimation of natural frequencies and mode shapes, Harmonic response of 2D beam.
7. Study state heat transfer analysis of plane and axi-symmetric components.
8. Development of process sheets for various components based on Tooling and Machines.
9. Development of manufacturing defects and tool management systems.
10. Study of various post processors used in NC Machines.
11. Development of NC code for free form and sculptured surfaces using CAM software.
12. Machining of simple components on NC lathe and Mill by transferring NC Code / from CAM
software.
13. Quality Control and inspection.

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 GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS
(AUTONOMOUS)
IV Year B.Tech. Mech I-Sem LT PC
0032
(ME0744) REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING LAB
Prerequisites: R & A.C theory
Basic Principles of thermodynamics
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student will be able to determine the parameters of vapour
compression system, heat pump and air conditioning unit. Evaluate the COP of different
refrigeration systems. Understand the simulation of refrigeration systems
1. Determination of performance parameters of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System
2. Experimental Evaluation of performance parameters of Mechanical Heat Pump
3. Determination of performance parameters of using Air conditioning Lab unit
4. Determination of COP of Vapor Absorption Refrigeration system
5. Determination of COP of Vortex Tube Refrigerator
6. Simulation of refrigeration system for different operating conditions and working fluids using
Refrigeration simulation software
7. Visit to any refrigeration or air conditioning plant.

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V. R&D / PROJECTS / CONSULTANCY
GNITC has developed a Research Centre at campus to carry out research projects and technology
transfer in the following fields: 1. Robotics and Industrial Controls. 2. Solar Application Development.
3. Machine Vision Lab. 4.Incubation Centre with VLSI and Signal Processing. 5. Solar Application
Research. 6. Center for Non-Destructive Evaluation.
1. ROBOTICS AND INDUSTRIAL CONTROL:
The Lab has been established with help of robolab to carry out training and research. More than 35
faculty and students are already trained and they are actively involved in research. More than 300
students are members of Robotic Club.
2. SOLAR APPLICATION DEVOLOPMENT: The lab has been developed to carry out research in
the field of Solar Application Research.
3. MACHINE VISION: Research centre to train faculty in machine vision has been developed. All
disciplines like simulation design and implementation have been brought on one platform. This Lab
uses image based automatic analysis of application such as automatic, process control or robotic
guidance.
4. Incubation Centre: 30 complies have been developed to provide facilities to design a research
project by faculty and students and test their programs. The lab is being used to realize the ideas by the
students and develop similar software.
5. SOLAR APPLICATION RESEARCH: The developed centre concentrates on development of PV
cell, module development, material research for development of DSSE and silicon solar cell. The
centre has collaboration with IICT Hyderabad, MS University, Baroda and IIT Bombay.
6. CENTER FOR NON DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: It is established for study of quality
assurance of Aero-Space and Nuclear reengineering materials. Basic NDT methods, such as magnetic
partial inspection, liquid penetrate test, visible inspection and ultrasonic flaw detector are installed to
study various defects of metal materials. This centre is sponsored by Department of Atomic Energy
and AICTE under RPS. Non-destructive evaluation is extremely diverse and multi-disciplinary,
involving the fields of Applied Physics, Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering,
Structural Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Technologies of Signal
Processing and Artificial Intelligence. Centre for Non-destructive Evaluation has been established in
Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus in 2012

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