IC 160 – Home Assignment IV

For Practice, No need to Submit

Q.1. The equivalent circuit of a single-phase, 25 kVA, 2200/220 V, 50 Hz transformer is
shown in the figure below. Assume that the transformer is operating at rated secondary
voltage and apparent power at a power factor of 0.8 lagging. Determine the following:
a) The turns-ratio? b) The Iron losses, c) The copper losses, d) The ‘Excitation current’, I0,
e) The power factor at Input
Answers: a) 10, b) 484 W, c) 139.24 W, d) 0.49 /__- 63.43° A, e) 0.786 lag.

Q.2. The following test results were measured on a single-phase, 15 kVA, 2200/440V, 50 Hz
transformer:
Open Circuit test: 320 W, 1 A, 440 V and Short Circuit test: 620 W, 40 A, 25 V
Find the ‘equivalent circuit’. Also calculate the voltage-regulation of this transformer when it
supplies full load at 0.8 pf lagging. Neglect the magnetising/excitation current.
Answers: Req1 = 0.388 Ω, Xeq1 = 0.490 Ω, V1 = 460.64 /_0.675°, Voltage Regulation = 4.7 %
Q.3. A single-phase, 25kVA, 1100/220 V, 50 Hz transformer has a high-voltage winding
resistance of 0.5 Ω and the low voltage winding resistance of 0.005 Ω. The laboratory tests
show the following:
OC test: 220 V, 5.7 A, 190 W and SC test: 41.5 V, 22.73 A, P = x W
a) Find the value of x
b) Find the equivalent circuit
c) Compute the value of primary voltage needed to give rated secondary voltage when
the transformer is connected for step-up delivering 20 kVA at a pf of 0.8 lagging.
Answers: a) copper loss x = 322.91 W, b) Rc2 = 254.74 Ω, Xm2 = 39.05 Ω, Req2’ =0.025 Ω,
Xeq2’ = 0.0686 Ω, c) I2’ = 568,25 /_-36.87° A.
Q.4. A single-phase, 5 kVA, 2300/230 V transformer has the following losses:
Core loss at full voltage = 100 W, Copper loss at half load = 60 W
Determine the efficiency of the transformer when it delivers full load at 0.8 pf lagging.
Answer: ƞ = 92.98 %
Q.5. A single-phase 20 kVA, 2200/220 V transformer has the following parameters:
Zeq (HV) = (4.0 + j 5.0) Ω. This transformer is connected to a load whose pf may vary.
Determine the highest voltage regulation at full load, i.e. under the worst-case. [ highest
voltage regulation is when pf angle is equal to tan-1(Xeq/Req)]
Answer: Vltage Reguation 2.64 %
Q.6. Core loss at rated voltage and copper loss at 80 % of full load of a 10 kVA, 2200/220 V,
50 Hz, single phase transformer is 100 W and 250 W respectively. Calculate the efficiencies
of this transformer if the output power of the transformer is:
a) 2.5 kVA at 0.8 pf lagging,
b) 5.0 kVA at 0.9 pf lagging,
c) 10 kVA at unity pf,
d) 5.0 kVA at 0.8 pf leading,
e) What will be the loading at which the efficiency of the transformer is maximum? Find the
maximum efficiency at 0.8 pf lagging.
Answers: a) 94.19 %, b) 95.79 %, c) 95.32 %, d) 95.29 %, e) 50.6 % of rated full load.
Efficiency = 95.29 %