04 TRIBMUVAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level “BE Full Marks 80 Examination Control Division Programme BCE, 8ME,8GF Pas Marks 32 | 2074 Ashwin | Year /Part Time Shs | Subject: - Fundamental of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer (44402) Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable Attempt All questions The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks Necessary figures and tables are attached herewith. Assume suitable data if necessary. A845 Define thermodynamic equilibrium. Explain reversible and irreversible processes with reference nature of intermediate states rc Define intemal energy, potential. energy, kinetic energy and total energy of a thermodynamic. system. Also differentiate between microscopic potential energy ‘and _macroscopic potential energy. 14] 3. Define saturation pressure, saturation temperature and critical point, Write down the effect of pressure on a) Specific volume of a saturated liquid (V;) b) Specific volume of a saturated vapor (V,) ©) Change in specific volume due to evaporation (Vi) 14] 4. State and explain conservation of energy for a control volume. (6) 5. Differentiate between thermal and mechanical irreversbilties. Explain why most of the eal processes are irreversible. Also explain how they can be assumed to be reversible (6) 6. Explain with the help of neat diagrams the various processes of any Rankine eycle and derive an expression for its efficiency. (6) 7. Derive an expression with appropriate diagram for conduction heat transfer through a composite cylinder tube consisting of three layers of different materials [61 8. A piston eylinder has a diameter of 0.1 m. With an outside atmospheric pressure of 100 KPa, determine the piston mass that will ereate an insicle pressure of 500 kPa, What would be the new pressure if the piston mass is halves, [Take g~ 9.81 m/s!} 16] 9%. ‘Steam is contained in a closed rigid container. Initially the pressure and temperature of the steam are 1500 kPa and 250°C, respectively. The temperature drops as a result of heat transfer to the surroundings, Determine the pressure at which condensation first occurs ‘and the fraction of the total mass that gas been condensed when the temperature reaches TOONC. What percentage of the volume is occupied by saturated liquid atthe final stale? [8) 10, piston cylinder devices shown in figure below contains water initially at 105°C with quality 10%. Heat is added to the system until it becomes saturated vapor. It takes Pressure of 1000 kPa to lift the piston fiom the siops. Sketch the P-v, T-v diagram and determine (8) a} The mass of water in system b) The total work transfer| J bs 11. 2 kg water at 100°C is mixed with 4 ke of water at 20°C in an isolated system. Calculate the net change in entropy due wo the mixing process. [Take specific heat of water 18 KVK] 13. A 200 mm diameter 30 m long pipe carrying steam is covered with 40 mm thick of high femperature insulation (k = 0.1 Wim) and 30 mm thick of low temperature insulaticn & <0.05 Wim). The inner end outer surfaces of the insulating layer are at 400°C sed 40°C respectively. Determine: a) The rate of heat loss from the pipe, 1) The temperature atthe interface of two insulating layer. [} [8] lo)04 —_TRIBHUVANUKIVERSITY {Exam INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING = Level Examination Control Division | Programme BCE,BME,BGE Pass Marks 3200 | 2074 Chaitra - Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer (E402) Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicabie. Attempt AU questions. The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks ecessary fables are werewith. Assume suitable data if necessary. BAR SS State and explain Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Also write down its application, a) Compare heat and work with suitable examples. Prove that work is « path function. (4) Define pure substance. Explain why quelity is necessary to define the state of a two phase mixture, (4) 4, Differentiate between steady state work applications and steady state flow applications. Write down the function of turbine and nozzel, Derive governing equations for thei when they operate under steady state condition. (6) 5. State second law of thermodynamics for an isolated system and define entropy generation, Differentiate between reversible and irreversible processes with reference 10 entropy, (6) 6. Explain the working of simple vapor compression refrigeration cycle with corresponding process in P-h and T-s diagram, 6) 7. Derive an expression for steady state heat transfer through a composite cylinder consisting three different materials (6) 8. Air (0.01 kg) is contained in a piston cylinder device restrained by a linear spring (k= 500 kN/mm) as shown in figure below. Spring initially touches the piston but exerts no force on it. Determine the temperature at which piston leaves the stops when heat is supplied 10 the system. [Take R= 287I/kg. K, Pum = 100 kPa and g9. 10. A piston cylinder device shown in figure below contains water initially at a pressure of 125 KPa with a quality of 50%. Heat is added fo the system unl it reaches to a final temperature of 800°C. It takes a pressure of 600 kPa to lift the piston from the stops. Sketch the process on P-V and T-V diagrams and determine: (8) i) The mass of HO in the system and ii) The total work transfer Q A piston cylinder device shown in figure below contains 3.06 kg of air initially ot 2 34°C. Heat is supplied to the system until it reached to a final temperature and a final pressure of § MPa. Sketch the process on P-V and T-V diagrams and determine the total work transfer and total heat transfer. [Take R = 287W/kgK and ey = T18HkgK] (8) A piston cylinder device shown in figure below contains 1.5 kg of water initially at 100 pa with L0% of quality. The mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 400 kps is required to lift the piston. Heat is added to the system from a source at 500°C until its ‘temperature reaches 400°C. Sketch the process on p-V and T-V diagrams and determine the total entropy generation during the proves. [8]12. The compression ratio of an air standard Otto cycle is 8. At the beginning of the compression process, the pressure and temperature of air are 100 kPa and 20°C respectively. The heat added per kg of air during the eycle is 2000 kU/kg. Determine: 4) The pressure and temperature at the end of each process of he cycle ii) The thermal efficiency iii) The mean effective pressure [Take R= 287 Heg.k and cy = 718 kg k] 13. A gas turbine blade is modeled as a flat plate. The thermal conductivity of the blade materials is 1SWimK and its thickness is 1.Smm, The upper surface of the blade is exposed fo hot gases at 1000°C and the lower surface is cooled by ait bled of the compressor. ‘The heat transfer coefficients al the upper and lower surfaces of the blade are 2500W/m’K and 1500 W/m’K respectively. Under steady state conditions, the temperature, at the upper surface of the blade is measured as 850°C, determine the temperature of the coolant air. (8) 16)o —_unauvanuxiversery STITUTE OF ENGINEERING [1 Examination Control Division | Programme pc 2073 Chaitra [Year/Part (1/1 Time ¥ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as fa as practicable, ¥, Attempt All questions ¥. The figures in the margin indicate Pull Marks. ’ 7 Necessary tables are attached herewith, Assume suitable data if necessary. Define macroscopic and microscopic viewpoint as applied to the stuly of ‘thermodynamics. Also list their features. 2. Define stored energy and transient energy, Also list their features, 3. Define quality. Explain why itis necessary to define the state of two phase mixture. Also derive an expression for specific volume ol'a two-phase mixture, 4, Differentiate between steady state and unsteady state control volume. Derive mass and energy conservation equation for a process in which gas is being supplied to a rigid cylinder. 5. Write down the similarities and differences between heat pump and refrigerator. Explain hhow firgt and second laws can be applied to analyze the performance of a heat pump. 6, Sketch ideal Vapour compression veftigeration eyele and explain the processes on Ph and ts diagram. Also write an expression for theoretical COP of the eycle used as heat pump, 7. Differentiate berween free and forced convection with cxemples. Write down the ‘expressions for thermal resistance fora plane wall, a hollow cylinder and conveotive layer of fluid. 8, The device shown in figure below has a free moving piston between the two chambers. ‘The initia! total volumes of A and B are equal with vA = 100 m'/kg and vB = $0 m'/ke. If the piston is moved so tha xis one-fourth of the entire length, determine the final specific volumes of chambers A and B. 9. A piston eyetinder arrangcient shown in figure below contains 1 kg of water intially at a pressure of 1 MPa and a texnpcrature of 500°C. The water is cooled uniil itis completely converted into saturated Tiquid, It requires a pressure of 400 kPa to support the piston. Sketch the process on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine the total work iransfer. (Refet the attached table for the properties of water) ME, BGF” Pes Marke [32 4 4} 4) [6] {6 [61 {6} {6} (8)10, Steam at 0.4 MPa and 200°C enters into an adiabatic nozzle with a velocity of 50 m/s and Teaves the nozzle at 0.1 MPa and with « velocity of 75 mvs. Determine a) The exit temperature of the steam, b) The ratio of inlet diameter to the exit diameter. (Refer the attached table for the properties of steam) 11. Work output of an ideal engine is 4 times the heat rejected by it. Determine its efficiency. Ifthe sink temperature increases by 300°C, its efficiency reduces to 60%. Determine its, source and sink temperatures, 12. An air standard Cito cycle has a compression ratio of 10, At the beginning of the ‘compression stroke, the pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 20°C respectively. The peak temperature during the eycle is 2000 K. Determine, 1) The pressure and temperature at the end of each process of the cycle b) The thermal efficiency (Take Cv = 718 Wkgk, y~ 1.4) 13. A thick walled tube of stainless steel (k= 19 W/m®C) with 2 em inside diameter and 4 em ‘outer diameter is covered with a 3 cm layer of asbestos insulation (k= 0.2 Wim°C), Ifthe inside and outside wall temperature of the pipe is maintained at 600°C and 100°C, Calculate the heat loss per moter of length. Also calculate the tube-inswlation interface temperature. 18] (] {8] (66 manasa an. SDR era ee INSTTUTEOPENGNERING ade f Examination Control Division Programme | 8¢&, BMP, Bi 2073 Shravan Yair ‘Subject: - Fundamental of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer (M1402) ¥ Candidates are requized to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. ¥ Attempt All questions. Y. The figures in he margin indicate Full Marks ¥ Necessary tables are attached herewith, : Y Assume suitable data if necessary. f 1. Define thermodynamic property. Differentiate between state function and path function with examples. (41 2. Define total energy. Differentiate between stored enerey and transient energy with examples. 14) 3. Define quality and write why itis necessary. Sketch saturation curve on P-V diagram and also show constant quality lines, ro 4. Differentiate between steady state work application and unsteady state flow applications, Derive mass conservation and energy conservation equations for a process ia wl ans contained in rigid cylinder is being consumes during eooking. [a 5. Define Entropy. Derive an expression for change in Entropy for reversible heat transfer and reversible work transfer process (6 6. Differentiate between gas and vapor cycles. Sketch P-V and T-S diagrams and layout for Brayton and Rankine eyele. (1 7. Write down expressions for thermal resistance for a plane wall and a convective fluid layer. Use them to derive overall heat transfer coeflicient for a plane subjected convection ‘on both sides, 16 8. An oxygen eylinder having a volume of 10 m’ initially contains 5 ke of oxygen Determine the specific volume of oxygen in the cylinder initislly. During certain process 3 kg of oxygen is consumed, Determine the final specific volume of oxygen in the eylinder. Also sketch the amount of oxygen that has been consumed versus the specific ‘Vohime of the remaining in the eylinder. @ 9. A piston cylinder device shown in Figure P.9 contains 2 ke of water initially at a pressure of $00 kPa with a quality of 20 %. The water is heated until it becomes a saturnted vapor. The volume of the system when the piston i at the upper stops is 0.4 m’. Sketch the process on P- Vand T- diggrams and determine: 8] (a) the final pressure, and (0) the total work transfer. [Refer she artacked cables for the properties of steam) Figure P.9)10, Air enters a nozsle steadily at 300 kPa, 127°C and with a velocity of 40 m/s and leaves at 4100-&Pa and with a velocity of 300 m/s. The heat loss from the nozzle surface is 20 Rj/keg of the ai. The inlet aren of the nozzie is 100 cm?. Determine: (a) the exit temperature of the sir, and {h) the exit area of the nozzle. [Take R 87 J/kgK and cp = 1008 [/kgX] 11. A camot engine operates between bxo reservoirs at temperature TL and TH. The work ‘output of the engine is 0.6 times the heat rejected. The difference in temperdfure berween the sourees and the sink is 200°C. Calculate the thermal efficieney, source temperature ‘and the sink temperature. 12. Am ideal gas turbine cycle has a pressure ratio of 10. The minimum and maximum temperatures are 300 K and 1500 K respectively. Determing i) The net work per kg of air ‘The thermal efficiency of the cycle and i) Compare both of these for 2 cycle with ideal compressor and turbine. 005 Jk 13, A steel pipe having an outside diameter of 2 em is to be covered with two layers of insulation, each having a thickness of 1 em. The average conductivity of one material is 5 times that of the other. Assuming that the inner and outer surface temperature of the ‘composite insulation are fixed, calcutate by what percentage the heat transfor will be reduced when the better insulating material 1s nearer to the pipe than itis away from the pipe. (GSES eo perties of SATURATED WATER —Pressore Table (81 [8] {8} {6 eT woe eee tro fag wag wg | ag kay hg | Ke hg | KK KERRI Ta Ca aa OS | HT THEO SIS | oT ae THER | LTO ST “00 iseae [OOOTTON 0.3145" 0156 | S705. 18972) 26673 "0860 27367 | L931SARZAD 90 16202] otros 021s om | sa rasa rsa | seas zovs@ 27602] 19631 47608 70 16498] ooortos 02717 02728 J escse rarsa 25724] 69735 20050 27613] 1.9925 4.7154 450 r6r79 | oootnt1 0284 * 0255s | rons ra6s8 25746} 70959 20556 27662] 20203 46682 sod 17044 | nonisis 02393 ogee | 72033, 14563 25766] 72123 20077 rroRS | 20464 6 THR me 67830 omg sous masoe roneewvesr (Ea NT eT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING — | Tevel_ LB 5 Examination Control Division | Programme | BCE,BMEBOE 2072 Kartik Yariv [it “Subject: ~Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer ( (5402) Candidates ae requted to give their answers in their own words a far as practicable. Attempt All question’. ‘The figures in the margin indicate Full Macks, Necessary tables are attached herewith, ‘Assuine suitable data if necessary. Explain different types of thermodynamic systems with examples, 2, Differentiate between heat transfer and work transfer. Derive the mathematical expression for work transfer for an ideal gas undergoing isothermal process. 5, Define quality and moisare content. Derive an expression for speific volume of a 80 phase mixture in terms of avai 4. Differentinte between steady state work applications and steady state flow applications Nth examples Also write the functions and governing equations for an adiabatic urine and adiabatic nozzle. 5. Define heat engine and heat pump. Explain how first Iaw and second Taw of ‘ermodynamies can be applied to analyze the performance of a heat pump. 6, Sketch an ideal otto cycle on P-v and Ts diagram. Derive the expression for compression ratio intenms of eylinder dimension. 1. Derive an expression for overall heat transfer coeiicient for a hollow cylinder subjected to convection medium on both sides. : 8 Three pressure gauges are connected to a container consisting of two compartments o Shown in figure below. Ifthe local barometer reads 760 mm of Hig and pressure gauges sae read 250 kPa end 150 kPa respectively. Determine the absolute pressure in each compares, and reading cof pressure gauge C. [Take pg = 13600 kg/m’ and 81 ms] id vessel having a volume of 0.4 m? contains 2.0 kg of liquid water and water vapor mixture in equilibrium at a pressure of 250 kPa. Calculate: i) The volume and mass of liquid }) ‘The volume and mass of vapour iii) Temperature iv) Enthalpy 4) Ifivis heated until its pressure reached to 350 kPa, what will be its quality? [Refer the attached table for properties of water) i) iy a) 6 (9) 1 {6 {6 (8)10. 1 12, B. ‘Air enters a compressor operating at steady state at 100 kPa, 300 K end leaves at 1000 ‘EPs, 400 K. The volumetric flow rate of air the exit is 1.5 m/min. The work consumed by te compressor is 250 1) per kg of air. Neglecting the effects of potential and Kinetic fenergy, determine the eat transfer rate, in kW. [Take R = 287 kek and Cy 1005 1keK) ‘A heat pump heats @ house inthe winter and then reverses to cool it inthe summer. The {oom temperature should be 22°C in the winter and 26°C in the summer. Heat transfer yough the walls nd osilings is estimated to be 3000 JM per degree temperatre difference between the inside and outside. j) Determine the power required to run it in the winter which fen the outside temperature decrease to 0°C. ii) Ife unt is run by the same power as calculate in @) hroughout dhe year, determine the maximum outside summer temperatuie for waich the house ean be maintained at 26°C ‘Airenters the compressor ofan ideal Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 290 K with a volumetric flow rate of 4 m/s. The pressure ratio for cycle is 10 and the maximum temperature during the cycle is 1500 K. Determine: 4) The thermal efficiency of the cycle ‘The faction of work output tht is consumed by the compressor and ) The net power output [Take Cp = 1005 Wkg.K, y= 1.4] ‘A 2m long stecl plate (k= 50 WimK) is well insulated om is sides, while its let seetion ie maintained at 120°C and the right section is exposed to ambient air at 40°C. Under steady site conditions, a thermocouple inserted at the middle of the plate gives a temperature of 100°C. Determine te value of convection heat transfer coefficient for convection heat trensfer between the right section of the plate and ar. Properties of SATURATED WATER — Pressure Table (8) {8} (8) {9} a ame S208 i egeieesaaaaay| ase “EN oaoies: ago _nagialf sves6 19867 2551.3 a Ts & =]. o™ oe whe wg + whe wig |Liske ke Why [Lome MEK eK 001d 62038 <2048 Tens|pai97 254 2617] vase Comes 728 foooioee | sa288 Sz298 Sacral] 285.30 28153 2su4e|] ooesr 6R2M 77672 pools 4s 4520 pees} ses 20066 26307]) ose 67266 77144 102539830: pave 185 25364 |] 1.0261 omer THe as ag see beH RB }Sisie cane 70 ( ARASH [53856 ASHNO jp golo36 ae Sa eH Fanooion siento iat 208 ‘noo Lasts 18093 mer 13963 Ofo10ss L816 nosis 2073 sos 73389 cooies tare? semi eisgs 20ers 2316] cisco 22556 187 0% 73585, {arsa] 225 209 asisalf ate38 2907 2885 soico 12841 20304 25i04|] sors 2262 2094] 3mm 12m zisigioi | sets. 22133 04 Sines “ani? gauks ss2)4|] sO4a0 002 Pineal essoe- Ssece INP ony. suis) s2983 2902 au ‘esr ia ‘gou.9) 5 | |csina 218k “Ne sss a8 asus 09 721003 “zz "53800 ail ‘oaDi07s Owoee 6059] Ss1a9 1822 2HENS|f Lot 267 IH ss200 ssn droiom 0309 aseo|| 7308 19783 asta] 573597 S215 ase dcoiers 0822 ose] staso wees aes sees 2 sm 697 207of TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING | Examination Control Division | Programme | 9C&,BME,BGE_| Pass Marks | 22 2072 Chaitra (Year/Part_ [7/1 ‘Ttime [Sirs Subject: - Fundamental of Thermodynamies and Heat Transfer (E402) Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far a8 practicable. ¥ Attempt All questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks, ¥ ¥ Necessary tables are attached herewith. ‘Assume suitable data if necessary. 4, Sketch P-V, T-V and P-T diagrams for an ideal gas undergoing a i) Constant volume cooling process i) Constant temperature heat rejection process 2._ Differentiate between heat transfer and work transfer. Derive the mathematical expression for work transfer for an isobaric process. 4 Define pure substance. State two property rules and give examples. (ay 4, Write down general mass conservation and energy conservation equations for a control volume, Also reduce them for # control volume operating under unsteady state condition. [6] 5. Define reftigerator and its COP. Explain how first law and second law of ‘thermodynamics can be applied to analyze the performance of the refrigerator. [ray 6. Differentiate between power cycle end refrigeration cycle. Sketch P-V and T-S diagram for ideal otto and ideal dicsel cycles. Also write down the expressions for their efficiencies. a 71. Write down the expression for thermal resistance for a hollow cylinder and comnective fluid layer. Use them to derive overall heat transfer coefficient for @ hallow cylinder subjected to convection of both sides. (61 PA piston-cylinder device shown in Figure P.8 contains 0.05 m? of a gas initially at 200 ‘kPa, At this state, a linear spring that has a spring constant of 150 kN/m is touching the piston but exerting no force omit, Now best is transferred to the gas, causing the piston to rise and to compress the spring until the volume inside the cylinder triples. If the cross- sectional area of the piston is 0.25 m?, determine the final pressure inside the cylinder. 64 rigid container with a volume of 0.170 ‘mj initially filled with steam at 200 kPa, 300°C. This cooked to 90°C. (a) At what temperature does a phase change start to occur? (b) Whats the final pressure? (0) What mss fraction of the water is Liquid inthe final state? [Refer the attached fables for the properties of steam e trogen (5 kg) is contained in a piston cylinder device shown in Figure {6.0 nity ota preseure of 600 kPa and temperature of 1279C. There isa heat transfer tothe system util the temperature reaches to 527°C . It takes a pressure of 1500 kPa to lift the piston. Sketch the process on P — Vand T — V diagrams and determine the total work and heat transfer in the process. [Take R = 297 J/kgK and cy = 743 J/kgX) © 2 Rigure #10 11. A heat pump having a COP of 5 maintains a building at a temperature of 24°C by supplying heat ata rate of 72000 KJ/h when the surtounding is at 0°C. The heat pump runs 12 hrs in a day and the electricity costs Rs 10/Kwh. 8) 8) Determine the actual and minimum theoretical cost per day Bb} Compare the actual operating cost wih the eost of direct electric resistance heating 12. The pressure and temperature ot the end of suction stroke are 100 kPa and 27° reopestively. Maximum temperature during the cyele is 1600°C and the compression ratio is 16. Determine: al ji) The percentage of stroke at which eut-off takes place ii) The temperature at the end of the expansion stroke and iii) The thermal efficiency [Take y= 1.4 and R = 287 J/kg.K} 13. The heat flux at the surface of an electrical heater is 3500 Wim’, The heater surface temperature is 120°C when it is cooled by ait at 50°C. What is the average convective heat transfer coefficient? What will be the heater temperature be if the power is reduced so that heat thax is 2500 Wim"? (a| tome iRAay| 5 Examixzation Control Division 2971 Sbarvan (MELT) sag practicable, Attempt all ouestions. the margin indicate Full Marks - = Necessary figures are attacked herewith, Assume suitable clara if necessary Differentiate between the microscopic” and macroscopic view point in themodynémaies with exemple. “ (4 2. Define energy and power. Differentiate between stored and transient energy with examples. ‘ ta Define moisture content and critical point. Derive an expression for specific volume ofa ‘two phase (liquid and vapor) mixture in terms of quality. iol 4. Differentiate between steady state work application’ and steady’state flow application. Write down mass and energy conservation equation of steady state process. Reduce them for anozelz anda condenser. (6 S:{Explain eatropy. Derive the relations for eattopy for an ideal ges and an incompressible t ‘sostance. . (q t "6. “Sketch Rankine cycle on P-y and T-s diagram using dry saturated stream and obtain an i expression for the Rankine cycle efficiency, i) | 7. Define thermai resistance. Derive an expression for heat transfer though composite plane t wall of tisee different layers of different materials using electric analogues approach, (6) 8. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in figure below has cross sectional eee of 0.01m2 and a piston mass of 80 ke. If umospheric pressure is 1 bar, what should be the gas pressure to I ? IF $0 kg mass is added ehove the piston, what would be the new pressure? (61 1} L 1 cx | 9. A piston cylinder device with « nes MPa and 500°C with the initial voi System now c ‘Latil the pre-cure reaches LOGO KP system pressure is 300 KPa. Sk. ch the process on P-v d FO, th ic volume and che sota! wo ble fo:10, a perfect ges flows-through ¢ nozeel where # eypands in a reversible adiaber! “Ente inlet ovnditions are 22 bar, SOPC and hms a che exit the pressure is'2 bar ermine dieenit velocity and ext area of the dow sate is 4 hays, Teke Regu Ke K + ema T= 135. LL, _A Rouse is to be maintained a 25°C in summer as well as winter. For this purpose, itis Domposed to use a reversibie device asa cefrigecator in summer and a heat pump in winter. “he ambieat temperature is 40°e in summer and 3% in winter. The energy losses as heat fom the roof and the walls are estimsted 25 5 kw per degree Celsius temperature between “Ce room and the ambient conditions. Calculate the power required to operate the device Lmsummer end winte:, 8] 12, At the begimning of a compression stoke of an air standard Diesel cycle faving a ‘Sampression ratio of 16 the temperature is 300 K and the pressure is 1000 kpa, if ratio for the cycle is 2 Detemnine: a ro =a) The pressure and temperature at the end of each process of the cycle Ey The thermal efficiency and, . <<) The meen effective pressure Wake R =287 Ikgk and Y = 1.4] 13, 1A gas turbine blade is modeled as a flat plate. the thermal conductivity of the blade penaterial is 1Wimk and its thickness is 1.5 mm. The upper surface of the blede is eexpvsed to hot gases at 100°C ani the lower surface is cooled by air bled of the compressor. The heet transfer eo=flicients at upper and lower surfaces of the blade are 2500 Wim'K’ and 1500 Wés"K respectively. Under steady state conditions, the “aempecatuze at upper surface of the blade is measured as 830°C, determine the temperature of the coolant air, 6 ili pepe savin WATER rein Tale cr 4. tc | was wie oon uc isd TEN ORT, 309 ose? aT a f oes . . . comeeo) runmuvaxunversry io INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING [Level Examination Control Division | Prog 2071 Chaitra | Year /Part indamentals of Thermodynamics and'Heat Candidates are required to give theit answers in their own words as far as practicable, Attempt All questions ‘The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks, / ‘Necessary tables are attached herewit Assume suitable data if necessary. SOVNA State and explain zeroth law of thermodynamics, Write down its application ra 2. Differentiate between stored energy and transient energy with examples. 1 3. Define saturation pressure and saturation temperature. Explain why quality is necessary for a liquid vopor mixture. a 4. Derive general mass conservation and energy conservation equations for a control volume. [6] 5. Define entropy and isentropic process. Derive detail mathematical expression for entropy relation for an ideal ga in terms of pressure and temperature. (61 6. Sketch the Ravikines cycie on p-v and T-s diagrams and derive an expression for its efficiency. (61 7. Derive the expression for overall heat transfer coefficient for composite plane wall consisting. cof two layers and subjected convective medium on both sides. @ 8. At the inlet and exhaust of turbine the absolute steam pressure are 6000 kPa and 4.0 em of Hg, respectively. Barometric pressure is 75 cm of Hg. Calculate the guage pressure for the centering steam and the vacuum gauge pressure for the exhaust steam. (p,,™ 13600 kg/m? and = 9.81 mis?) (6) 9. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in figure below contains water initially at Py = 100 kPa, x; = 0.8 and V; = 0.01 m’. When the system is heated, it encounters a linear spring {k= 100 kNim). At this state volume is 0.015 m?. The heating continues till its pressure is 200 kPa. Ifthe diameter of the piston is 0.15 m, determine: 18) a) The final temperature and b) The total work transfer 10. Air enters into a turbine at 2 MPa, 400°C and with a velocity of 200 m/s and exits from the turbine at 100 kPa and 100°C with a velocity of 80 mvs. The power output of the turbine is 800 KW when the mass flow rate of air is 4.5 kp/s. Determine the rate of heat loss from the turbine surface, inlet and exit diameters. [Take Cp = 1005 J/kg, k and R = 287 Jkg.h] (8)ne ‘A piston cylinder device shown in figure below contains 1.5 kg.of water initially at 100 kPa with 10% of quality. The mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 400 kPa is required 10 Iift the piston. Heat is added to the system from a source at 300°C until its temperature reaches 400°C. Determine the total entropy generation during the process, 8] ov A power plant-operating on an ideal Brayton cycle delivers a power output of 80 MW.The minimum and maximam temperatures during cycle are 300 K and 1500 K respectively. The pressure at the inlet and exit are 100 kPa and 1400 kPa respectively: (8) ’) Determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle ii) Determine the power output from the turbine and iif) What fraction of the turbine power output is required to drive the compressor? [Take Cp 1005 17kek,7= 1.4] ‘A 40 m tong steel pipe (k = SO Wink) having an inside diameter 80 mm and outside diameter 120 mm is covered with two layers of insulation, The layer in contact with pipe is 30 mm thick asbestos (k = 0.15 W/mK) and the layer next to itis 20 mm thick magnesia ik = 0.1 Wimk). The heat transfer coefficients for the inside and outside surfaces are 240 W/mK and 10 Wim°K respectively. If the temperature of the steam inside the pipe is {400°C and the ambient sir temperature is 25°C. Determine: (9 |) The inside overall heat transfer coefficient Us ji) The outside overall heat transfer coefficient Us, iii) The heat transfer rate using U,, and iv) The heat transfer rate using U,a Re PR | i Py odal [LIBRARY | oe TRIEMUVAN UNivERSTrY ESR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING [Level E [FultMarigy 80 Examination Control Division | programme 205 2ME pass aarte 32 y BRAGA 8GE 2070 Ashad Subject: - Fundamental of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer (ME. Candidates are required to give their Attempt AU questions. The figures in the margin indicate Full Maris Necessary figures are attached herewith. Assume suitable data if necessary. answers in their own words as far 2s practicable. State and explain equality of temperature, Also state zeroth lnw of thermodynamics. Derive an expression for work transfer for eny process on a piston cylinder juce it to get the expression for work transfer during a polytropic process. Define pure substance. State and explain "state postilate Differentiate between steady stare work applications and steady state flow applications. Write down the functions of a thermal tubine and nozzle. Also derive gover equations for them when they operate under steady state condition, State the entopy change statement for 2 contro! volume and derive an expreccion for ite entropy generation. Sketch an ideal Onto eycie on P-v and T-s diagrams. Also, derive en expression for its fc sms compression ratio, Derive the expression for overall heat transfer coefficient for a composite plane wall consisting of two layers and subjected to convective modium on both sides. Air (G01 kg) is cont 500 ki) 0 by a linear spr piston but exerts no ward by 80 mm. ed in a piston cylinder dev figure below is added to the system util the at which piston leaves the st [Take R= 287 I’kg. K, Pam b) The final pressur Time Shr. fy 4] (4) le9. A piston cylinder device with a Linear spcing initially contains « Mpa and 500°C with the initial volume being 0.1 m°, as in figure cools until the pressure reaches 1000 kpa. If the piston is at pressure is 300 Kpa. Sketch the process on P-v diagrem and dete the final temperature and v. properties of steam] ime and the total work transfer. [Ret 10. Air flows at rate of 1.2 ke’s through 2 compressor, entering at velocity of 60 m/s and leaving at 500 kpa, 180°C, with a velocity ¢ hé compressor to the surrounding is estimated to be 20 W/kg : Tequired to drive the compressor and diameters of inlet = [Take R = 287i/kgK and ¢, = 1005 kak), 11. A rigid vessel consists of 0.4 kg of hydrogen initially et 200 transferred io the system ftom a reservoir at 600 K until its temp Dotermine the heat transfer, the chenge in entropy of hydrogen anc + produced. [72 19.183 Wegi) ine: (4) Eéfic and (c) Mess flow cate of _ maximum temperature during cp = 1005 JKek) © Sumace wali 300 mm thick is made up of an inner layer covered with a layer of insulation (k = 0.2 Wim). The inner si 00°C and the outer surface is at 30°C. Under steady st the evel loss per unit area of the wall and b) The thickness of each layer7 M4___TRIBEIUVAN UNIVERSITY Examination Controi Division _ Progra: INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level 2070 Chaitra Year! Pi Subject: - Fundamental of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer (ME402) KR, Cendidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Aiterapt All questions. The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks Necessary tables.are attached herewith. Assume suitable data if necessary. Explain the difference between path function and point fimetion with example, Define heat transfer and work trmsfer. Also mention similarities and differences between heat and work. Define pure substance. Explain why property table’ and charts are necessary Difterential between steady state and unsteady state analysis. Write down general mass conservatiga and energy conservation equation for a steady state process and reduce them for an adiabatic turbine. Define isentro incompressible 5 Sketch the eycle on P-v and T-s diagrams end derive an expression for its efficieney in tems of compression ratio and cut-off ratio. ——_ Derive isentropic relations for an ideal ges and an jive expressions for inside and outside overall heat transfer co-efficient for a hollow ylinder subjected to convection medium on both sides. ge chamber is separated into two compartments which are maintained different kPa and pressure gauge 0 kPa. If the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, determine the absolute press cng in the compartments and th 6 the rea 4] 4 i] «(6) 3)aE 0. Avr flows at a ra of 1.2 kg/s through a compressor, entering at 100 kPa, 25°C, wi velocity of 60 m/s and leaving at 500 kPa, 150°C, witha velocity of 120 m/s, Heat fos the compressor to the surrounding is estimated to be 20 ki/ke. Calouiate the po re-quired to drive the compressor and diameter of inlet and exhaust pipes. [Take J7isgk and cy = 1005 HkgK} Ap air condition mit having COP 50% of the theoretical maximum meintains ahouse ternperature of 20°C by cooling it again the surrounding temperature. The house g Exoergy at a rate of 2 KW per degree temperature difference. For a maximum work it o£ 18 Kw, detemine the maximum surrounding tempermure for which it prov stafficient cooling ‘The compression mtic of an air standard Oto cycle is 8. At the beginning of compression proces, the pressure and temperance of air are 100 kP2 and 2) respectively. The beat added per ke air during the eycle is 2000 ki/kg. Detecmine pressure and tempemture at the end of cach process of the cycle, the thermal efficie aad the mean effective pressure, [Take R = 287 J/kg. and Y= 1.4] A. stesl pipe baving an outside diameter of 2 em is to be covered with two layer: inssulations, cach having a thickness of | em. The average conductivity of one maters 5. times thar of the other. Assuming that the inner and outer surfice tempersure of comnpesite insulation are fixed. calculate by wham percentage the heat cansfer will recfuced when the beter insulating materials is nearer tw the pige than i is away from pipe.1B RABY [RBRARY Examination Control Division-| Programme | BCE,BME Pas Marks | 32 2069 Ashad = Year/Part [1/1 Time 3hrs, ‘Subject: - Fundamental of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer (ME 402) Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Attempt All questions. Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks v ssarv Tables are attached herewi ‘Assume suitable data if necessary. 1, Define these terms: (a) Quasi-equilibrium process (b) An open system (© Thermodynamic equilibrium (4) Intensive property. 4] 2. ‘Define stored and transient energies with exansples. (22) 3. Define the terms saturated vapor, superheated vapor and critical point. Also derive an session for specific volume of a two phase mixture in terms of quality. G3) ~. Lonive wurieady save energy equation for an open system. Apply this equation to derive governing equations for the discharge of a gas from a cylinder. 6 5. State and explain Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statement of second Iaw of thermodynamics. Also prove their equivalence, 8) 6. Sketch the Brayton cycle on P-V and T-s diagrams and derive an expression for its efficiency in terms of pressure ratio. 6} s Derive an expression for inside overall heat transfer coefficient for 2 hollow cylinder subjected to convection on both sides. 1 ition. The gas is heated until the volume is doubled at which pressure is S0OKPa Determine the work done by the ges. Take atmospheric pressure ‘equal to 100KPa. 4) 9. Acpiston cylinder arrangement shown in figure below contains 0.5kg of water initially at a pressure of 400KPa with a quality of 50%. The system is heated to a position where the locked, and then cooled till it becomes a saturated vapor a: a temperature of 60°C. Sketch the process on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine total work transfer. 8] “4 ral | | < | st - . a16 Steam enters 2 turbine operating at steady sate wilh a mass Cow rale of 4600kgR, The ftrbine develops @ power output of 1OO0KW. At the inlet, the pressure is 6000kPa, the femperature is 400°C, and the velocity is i0mis. At the exit, the pressure is 100kPa, the guality is 0.9, and the velocity is SOmY/s. Calculate the rate of heat transfer besween the farbine and surroundings in kW? (Refer the atached table for properties of steam} (a) TL. A heat engine working on Camot cycle converts one-fifth of the heat input into work. ‘When the temperature of the sink is reduced by 80°C, the efficiency gets doubled Make calculations for the temperature of source and sink. a 12. Determine the efficiency of an ideal Rankine cycle operating between boiler pressure of LOMPe and condenser pressure of 6KPa, Steam leaves the boiler as saturated vapor, (8) 13, An exterior wall of « house may be approximated by 2 10cm layer of common brick [0.7 Wim°C] followed by a layer of & 3.8em layer of cement plaster 0.48 Wim°C]} ‘What thickness of loosely packed rock-wool insulation [De-0.065W/m°C} should be added reduce the heat loss (or gain) through the wall by 80 percen'? (a0 Badly INSTT 3 = Ye iG Examin: Ae nel baision 2069 Chaitra_ Ai Subject: - Fundamental of Thermodynamics and Heat Transier (M5402) ¥ Candidates are required to give theis answers in their ovm wotds as far as practicable, YY. Attemot All questions, Y The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks, v v Necessary tables are attached herew: Assume suitable data if necessary. ‘Write features of a thermodynamic property. Also differentiate between state function and path function with examples. Differentiate between heat and work. Define compressed liquid, degree of superbeat, moisture content and saturated vapor. Define eyelie process State and explaia first law of thermodynamics for a control mass undergoing a cyclic process. 2. 5. Explain the directional feature of the natural process with any one example. State the second of thermodynamics for an isolated system. Also explain the entropy genesaiion Sv and ‘T-s diagram for @ Brayton cycle. Alsp derive an expression for its efficiency in terms of pressure ratio. rive expressions for inside overall beat transfer coefficient and outside overall keat ‘tansfer coefficient for a hollow tude subjected to convection medium on its both inner and outer sucface. Ta Piston of « verical Piston cylinder device containing as gas has a Mass of 50 kg and erass sectional arca of 0.02m?, Determine the pressure inside the cylinder During some process heat is lost by the gas to the surroundings and it's volume decreases 10 7" of the ini fina! pressure, Patm = 100 KPa aad 9. A piston cylinder device shown in figure P.9 contains Liquid water and saturated water vapor at a teraperature of 50°C and a volume oF 0 03m". ‘The mass of the piston resting on the stops is 50 Ke and the cross sectional area of the piston is 12.2625 cm’. The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa Heat is transferred unui it becomes saturated vapor. Sketch the provess on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine: ‘The final pressure, and The total work transfer. [Take g = 9.8 ms] fRefer attached table 4 steam] the properties of (4 [4] {6] {9) is} (4 {610. Air flows at a rate of 1.2 Kis through a turbine entaing at 500 ipa, 150°C; with a : ~— ttlocity of 120 m/s and teaving at 100 Kpa, 25°C; with velocity of 60 mis, Hea lostzby tte turbine tothe sumounding is found to be 20 kifkg. Calealate the power developed by ite turbine and diameter of inlet and enhast pipes. [Take R © 287 kek, end Cp= 100 Sik [8] HLA heat Pump having COP of 5 moinisins a building at a temperature of 24°C by Supplying heat at arate of 72000KI'b, when the surroundings is at 9°C. The heat Pumes, nm 12 hours in a day and the electricity costs Rs 10/Kwh, [8] Determine the actual end minimum theoretical cost per dav #9) Compare the actual operating cost withthe cost of tirect electric ressunce heating Seam at 2 MPa, 350°C is expanded in a steam turbine working on a Rankine cycle to & We, Determine the net work per kg of steam and the eycle efficiency assuring een 4 crmched eh ea, Wl be the difference in efficiency if pump work is neglected? [Refer Atiached table for tae properties of steam] (8) 'S.A gas urbine blade is modeled as a flat plate. The thermal conductivity of the blade istoial is 15 Wemk and its thickness is 1.5 mm. The upper surface of the blede ne Sxposed to hot gases at 1000°C and the lower surface is cooled by air Bled of the Seng er, the heat trasfer cocfficients at the upper and lower surfaces of the blade are 2500 Wim’k and 1500 Wim'k respectively, Under steady state conditions, the (Empersture, at the upper surface of the blade is measured as 850°C: determine the temperature of the coolant air. {6‘Bigs Majeh Laer) ‘ | case TUMHUVART UNIVERSITY fan 06 INSTITUTE OF FNGINEERING — [Level ll Marks! | Examination Control Division Programme _9ci Pass 3 - \ 2068 Sbravvan Year Fart 717 rime - ‘undamentals of Thermodynamies and Heat Transter ; sldates are required to give their answers in theic own words as far as practicab mp AM questions ate Full Marks | cossary tables are attach, | suitable data if scesr2ty } \ LL. Highlight assumptions of air standart eyele, Derive the thermal efficiency of two stroke | Spark Ignition (SI) Engine wl) 1 2: Define a polytropie process 1, 1-and aon a 1 common P-\ diagram, Derive an expression 2 polyttopic proces | 3. Draw saturation curve of water using isobar Hines state between, compressed | iigund and saturated fiquid as well as satmated vapor and superheated vapor i \ 44. Derive genocal eneray equation for an open system and modify it for steady sate, sieaty | flow operation i) | 5. Define isentropic process. Derive isentropic relations for an ideal g is} | 4 the relationship Henveen rate of heat transfer and thermal resistance Tor a i ‘composite wall having tarée layers. (él | +. Derive an expression for averali beat iransfer coefficient for w-compesi * consisting of three layers with convection on both sides. 5 aA gas is contsined in a piston eylinder device at 101.325 KPa, 200°C and 0. 425m? Shown in figure below. AL this state, lineas spring with a spring constant of 219 KS/m 1s couching the pision but exerts no forog on it, The eross seetional area of the piston 1S 0.279 mt, Heat is transferred to the gas, causing it to cepand until it’s volt doubles, ) The total heat transfer during the proces 4 Also, show jhe process on a P-Y and T-V qagrams, (Take R > 2670/sak, ane CE TIBI) * . \ {1 | b) The ratio of fraction of work done against the spring: and total work done i9. The mass rate of flow into a urbia: 5 KW. The following data a vation above ribvonge plane Determine the power outpu’ of the turbine and exit area of outlet pipe. [Refer the attached te, thle for properties of steam] oo, ‘ 10. Two ig of water at 90°C is mixed with three kg of water at 10°C in an isolated system Calculate the change of entropy due to the mixing process. [Cp for water = 4.18K0/keK], [6] pp NH. Air enters the compressor of ax ideal air standard Brayton cycle at 100kPa, 300K, with a volumetric flow rats of Sm'ls, The compressor pressure ratio is 10. The rurbine inlet temperature is 1400K. Determin 5 a) Thé themal efficiency of the cycle. Lx. °) The net power developed in kW, | 12. 4 steel pipe. having an outside dianieter of 2om is to be covered with tuo layers of | “insulation, each having a thiclaness of lem. The average corduetivity of one insulsion ia 5 times that of she other. Assuming that the inner and outer surface temperatures of the composite insulation are fixed, calculate.by.what percentage the heat transfer will bs reduced when the betier insulating material is next to the pipe than it is away frort the vie pipe, ry04 TRIGITIVAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE. OF ENGINEERING Examination Control Division 2068 Chaitra ‘Subject: - Fundamental of Thermodynamics and Heat Candidates are required to Attempt All questions ‘The figures inthe margin indicate Full Marks ‘Necessary Tables are attached herewith. ‘Assume suitable data if necessary. ive their answers in their own words as far as practicable. KS KAS eo Differentiate between the microscopic and macroscopic view point in thermodynamics \with suitable examples, Define internal energy. Derive an expression for displacement work ‘transfer for @ polytropic process. < 7 3. State two property rule for a state, Explain the importance of graphical and tubuler data presentation. 4, ‘Derive a general expression for energy conservation for a control volume and reduce it {for steady state condition 5. Differentiate between heat engine and reftigerator, Also explain the factors used for their performance evaluation. 6 Explain the working principle of the Rankine cycle with the corresponding process on P-Vand T-Sdiagrams. Se ° 7. a) Derive an expression for steady state heat transfer through @ composite cylinder consisting of two different materials. oe ) Define terms black body and gray body. (5/2 Piston liner arrangement loaded with aisea sring as. shown in figure below has \ cross sectional area of 0.01m’, comtains.gas piston mass of 80kg. Initially spring touches: the piston bit exerts no pressure on it. Heat is supplied to the-system until its volume doubles, Determine the final pressure. [Take g = 9.81mvs’, outside atmospheric pressure = 1O0kPa, spring const, k = S0KN/m, intial volume = 0.06m: of gas] —> < GAS. ae Dy {4} {5} (61 16} {6}. W Py (61: ee hag es a ay gms igs oh 0 eins 20g fii me de mixture in equilibrium at a pressure of 250kPa. Calculate: a) The volume and mass of Jiquid ~ 3 ecinenin ste ® Tere 3 ini (Refer the attached table for properties of steam) ‘A piston cylinder device shown in figure below contains 2kg of water intially at saturated Figuid state of MPa. There is heat transfer to the system until it hits the stops at which tine its volume is 0.3m’, There is further heat transfer to the device until water is completely vaporized. Sketch the process on P-v and T-v (pressure ~ specific volume) diagrams aid'determine total work and heat transfer. ~~ to Q . Steam enters imo a wurbine at 2 rate of 2kg/s with Pj = 2MPa, Ty = 600°C and exits fat Py = gkPa, Find: 28), Potter output if the turbine is isentropic ') Power output if isentropic efficiency of turbine is 80% and ©} Outlet enthalpy of steam from the real turbine x {A the beginning of the compression process of an sir standard, Otto éyce, Pi = 100KPa, 1, = 290K, Vy = 400em’, The maximum temperature in the eyele is 2200K and the ~ compression ratio is 8. Determine: _8) The beat addition, in KJ 'b) The network, in kd y The thermal efficiency” @) The mean effective pressure [Take R = 287 WkeK, Cy = 728 Mek] ‘A 3cm thick 50cm x 75cm plate (K = 50W/mK) has inner surface temperature of 310°C. ace toa Boe ke plate surface by convéction’ and radiation:to ambient eit at 20°C: If the emissivity of the surface is 0.85 and convection heat transfer sorta is 20Wim’K,, determine outer surface temperature ofthe plate 8) | {wo ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY STITUTE OF ENGINEERING mination Cenirol Divi 2067 Ashadh Level Programme ar Pa “Regaine BE BEL Pass Marks | Time Subject: - Fundamental of The: srmodynamies and Heat Candidates are required t6 give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. fttempt All questions. The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks Necessary tables are attached herewith. Assume suitable data if necessary: List out and explain the three types of them work done during an isothermal process Write down steady flow energy equation (Sit for nozzle, adiabatic pump and throttli jynamic system, Derive an expression for. ) with necessary assumptions, Reduce it valve. Define entropy. Derive the expressions for change of entropy for an ideal gas by combining first and second laws of thermodynamics What are the major two differences between Otto cycle and Diesel cycle? Draw P-v and T-s diagrams for the Dual cycle, Write down the expression for an efficiency of Dual cycle and conditions when Dual eye! tends to Diesel eyele and Otto eyele. Derive an expression for radia! heat flow through three layer composite cylinders. ‘What is brake nozzle? Differentiate between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. ‘Write short notes: (any four) a) Surface tension b) Buoyant force c) Path line d) Statement anid assumptions of ©) Lift foree and drag force Air is contained emnoulli’s equation a Vertical cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston and a set of stops as, shown in figure below. The cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.0Sm At initial condition, piston is in upper stops with pressure and teraperature inside the cylinder are 0.3 MPa and 731°C respectively. Air is cooled as a result of heat transfer to the surroundings, The piston starts to move down at pressure 0.21 MPa, The copling prowess _-continues untj} the temperature reaches 70°C. a) Draw P-V diagram for the process. a - 2 b) Find the temperature of the air inside the cylinder when the piston reaches the lower stops, fe) (a (6) y o i) oy [2x4] (3) ©) Calculate the heat transfer during the process. (For air R = 287 Ikg K,Cp = 1004 J/kg K; Cv= 717 Ike K)0.170? is instant fi wile steasa 200 KPa and vgs slats t9 oocur? 00K, with 2 velocity of 200m/s, The mi At the exit, the area is 850mm", and erature and pressure ofthe air. (Take ‘vith a quality of 0.96, i miss of steam, thyotted down to 350kpa, Calenlste the chang at the stacued tale for properties of seam | ofthe compressor of an ideal se standaat Brayton cyele at 1OUKp2, 300k, with a flow rate of Sin'/s. The compressor pressure ratio is*¥@.,The turbine inl ey ‘ terperanire fs 1400i¢ Determine I opie saves) of bs ays by Taine power developed, ac, [TokeR (A). Theme sure of x C7 ese conven conan of L2Whm hatte minima value af the heat tn the ouside surice if te oss teperre snot eneeed 10°C Hee . 8 7ky K, op = 1005I/e K, Y= 14} asulating layer is at 270°C, and the outside surtage is dissipating ® in to air at 20°C, The insulation Layer is 4 cm thick and has thecmal 3) 6 8