Organised by:

http://gakken.asia/

2017

ASIA MATHEMATICS
OLYMPICS
RESULT REPORT
AWARD
CEREMONY
IN TOKYO

The 26 th
SENIOR LEVEL

The 21 th
JUNIOR LEVEL

The 9 th
BEE LEVEL

Main Organizer:
nizze
er:
r: Endorsed by: Sponsored by: Supported by:
Mathematics
ics
css Olympics
Olly
lympics
lympi
ympics MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sony Global Education, Inc Scientific
tific Ed
Educ
Education
uc
ca Group
Committee Sports,
S t S Science
i and
dTTechnology
h l off J
Japan)) Empathy
E th J Japan Co. Ltd.
Association for Promotion of Mathematical Sciences Comolink Co. Ltd.
Gathering the best minds from Japan!
The Asia Mathematics Olympiad (AMO) is an international competition that has been held every
summer since 1991. This competition aims to allow students to reveal and embrace their talent in
Mathematics. More than 180,000 students from countries such as Japan, China, Hong Kong and
Korea have participated in this competition so far.
The Asia Mathematics Olympiad in South East Asia was held for the first time in 2017.

What distinguishes AMO from other competitions? Mathematics

Literacy
• The difficulty level of questions is extremely HIGH.
• This competition requires students to not just rely on memorising
5
Science Reading
Literacy Literacy
formulas, but to fully utilize their Logical and Innovative thinking.
This test can assess Mathematical skills relevant to the 21st Century. SKILLS
• Top students from all over Asia participate in this competition.
Problem Financial
Solving Literacy

Mr. Peter Frankl, Member of Mathematics Olympics Committee

I am very happy to introduce this Mathematics Olympiad to Asian
high-level schools. Now, techniques of logical thinking is in the focus
5 Skills Required for 21st Century
and strongly required, because it’s an essential skill to communicate with
other people from different and various backgrounds. There is no room OECD features 5 skills above and
for doubt that Mathematics skill is the key for children to acquire logical evaluates education systems worldwide
thinking. I highly recommend this competition for the future of our by testing the skills and knowledge of
talented students. 15-year-old students with PISA test.

LEVELS
NAME RECOMMENDED FOR CONTENTS

Beginners Level. 9yrs and under students are

BEGINNERS LEVEL
9yrs and / or below recommended to join this level. The participants must be
“Bee” able to do basic arithmetic operations.

Any student under 11yrs and under is qualified. But it is

JUNIOR LEVEL most suitable for 4th-5th graders. The difficulty level is
11yrs and / or below
“Kids” optimised for the equivalent of Japanese 4th grade.

This is targeted towards 12yrs and under, in other words,

SENIOR LEVEL every elementary school student is qualified to enter.
12yrs and / or below The difficulty level is optimised for the equivalent of
“Genius”
Japanese 5th grade.
 Math Olympiad 2017
Breakdown of Participants
Date of implementation　　16th July in 2017

Participants of Trial by Country

Conducted in 213 sites throughout Japan, China and Singapore.

Junior
Bee Hironaka Hironaka Junior Senior total

Japan 1473 560 244 1486 757 4,520

China 2,361

Singapore 5 4 1 10

Phillippines 3 30 27 69

Grand Total 6,960

Index
Junior
Bee Hironaka Hironaka Junior Senior total
Bee level Trial Questions.....................................................................4
Japan 1473 560 244 1486 757 4520
Bee level Final Questions.....................................................................6
China 2361
Junior level Trial Questions..................................................................8
SingaporeJunior level Final
5 Questions.................................................................9
4 1 10
Senior level Trial Questions...............................................................11
Senior level Final Questions...............................................................12
Grand Total 6891
Answers..............................................................................................14
Bee level Tria Interpretations.............................................................16
Bee level Final Interpretations...........................................................18
Junior level Trial Interpretations.........................................................20
Junior level Final Interpretations........................................................22
Senior level Trial Interpretations.........................................................24
Senior level Final Interpretations........................................................26
2018 Registration form......................................................... Back cover
 BEE Level Trial Questions
Time limit: 60min

Question 1 Figures Question 5 5 cards

Question 1 Figures
There are 9 figures arranged in 9 cells keeping to a rule. In the cell marked “?”, There are 5 cards numbered on both sides. On each card, the number on the
what
Thereshould
are 9 the figure
figures look like?
arranged in 9 cells keeping to a rule. In the cell marked “?”, front side is double or half the number on the back. So, if a card has 18 on the
Draw the figure
what should theon the answer
figure sheet.
look like? front, it will have either 36 or 9 on its back. The cards are shuffled and arranged
Draw the figure on the answer sheet. as shown in Figure 1. The sum of all the numbers on both sides of the cards is
84.

Figure 1

2 3 10 4 7
What number is on the back of each of the 5 cards?

Question 2 Symbols for caluculations

Question 2 Symbols for caluculations
In a certain country, they use the symbols ▲ and ● as well as + , - , × and ÷ for
calculation.
In a certain The followings
country, arethe
they use samples▲
the symbols of and ● as well
calculations using
as +these
, - , × symbols:
and ÷ for
calculation. The followings are the samples of calculations using these symbols:
3▲1=3 1●5=5
▲ 21 == 93
33 ▲ ● 35 == 45
21 ●
▲ 32 == 89
23 ▲ ● 33 == 54
32 ●
3▲
2 ▲ 33 == 27
8 4●
3 ● 53 == 85
3 ▲ 3 = 27 4●5=8
Answer the following calculations from this country.
Answer the following calculations from this country.
(1) 4 ▲ 2 = ?
(1) 4 ▲ 2 = ?
(2) 5 ● 6 = ?
Question 6 Figures with numbers
(2) 5 ● 6 = ?Question 3 Cut a wooden stick

There are 7 figures with numbers, labelled (A) to (F). Some of them are arranged
A 50-cm long wooden stick is cut into 5 pieces, each 10 cm long. It takes 4 min- as shown in Figure 2. Note the figures should not be flipped or rotated. The sum
utes to make one cut. After each cut, a 1-minute rest break must be taken. How of the numbers in Figure 2 is 25. Which figures were used to make Figure 2?
long will it take to cut the stick into 5 pieces?

Question 3 Cut a wooden stick Figure 1

A 50-cm long wooden stick is cut into 5 pieces, each 10 cm long. It takes 4 min- 4 1
utes to make one cut. After each cut, a 1-minute rest break must be taken. How
long will it take to cut the stick into 5 pieces? 4 2 3 3 2 1 2 4 1
A B C

2 3
Question 4 Rectangle
1 2 2 3
A large rectangle is divided into five smaller rectangles as shown. The length 4 3 4
shown in each small rectangles represents its perimeter. What is the perimeter of D E F
the largest rectangle?

Question 4 Rectangle
Figure 2
22cm
A large rectangle is divided into five smaller rectangles as shown. The length
shown in each small16cm
rectangles represents its perimeter. What is the perimeter of
the largest rectangle?

20cm
22cm
18cm
16cm

20cm

18cm —4—
 Question 7 Baseball match
Memo
Baseball teams A, B, C, D, E and F play matches in a 5-day tournament. They play
one game a day and each team plays each other once. The figure below is the
list of matches for the 5 days.
Which team is the opponent for team F from day 1 through day 5?

List of Matches
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
A-B B-C D-E A-D -
- - - - -
- - - - -

Question 8 3 faces

There is a dice. Its faces are numbered from 1 to 6. Opposite sides always add
up to 7. Numbers ⑩ and ⑫ in the following figure are the sum of the numbers on
the 3 faces joined at each corner.
What number is on the face marked “?” below?

●
12

●
10

Question 9 Pancakes

There are several pancakes of different sizes piled up on a plate. The larger pan-
cakes should be at the bottom so that they look like a pyramid.
When you flip a pancake, all the pancakes above it are also flipped.

For example, Then, they end up like this.

Flip this pancake and

← above together.

The pancakes in Figure 1 can be turned into a pyramid in 3 flips.

How many pancakes must be flipped each time?

Figure 1

Pylamid

—5—
 BEE Level Final Questions
Time limit: 60min

Question 1 Complete the equation Question 5 Folding a numbered card

Fill in each cell below with the numbers 1, 3 and 5 to complete the equation. Use
each digit twice.
There is a card with numbers 1 to 5 written on both sides as shown below.
This card is held onto a board by a pin and then continues to be folded.
As shown in figure 1, as the card is folded, the number overlapping with the pin
will be in this sequence:

Fill in each cell below with the numbers 1, 2 and 6 to complete the equation. Use
each digit twice. Pin → 3 → 4 → 1 → 2 → 5

Figure 1
Pin

Question 2 Section with oblique lines

If the card is folded according to Fig 2, write down the sequence of the number
overlapping with the pin (start from the pin).
The figure below shows a rectangle with length of 18cm and width of 31 cm,
divided into 4 squares and 1 rectangle (section with oblique lines). What is the
Figure 2
perimeter of this rectangle?
Pin

Question 3 Number of people in between Question 6 Seal

Taro and all his classmates are standing on one straight line. There are 5 more
people standing in front of Taro than there are standing behind him (Taro), while
there are 9 more people standing behind his friend Jiro than there are standing
in front of Jiro.
How many classmates are standing between Taro and Jiro?
Each cube is marked with the seal ● on three of its faces, as shown in X and
 Y . A figure in Figure 1 is formed using three of each cube, making up a total six
cubes.
Look around figure formed and count the number of faces where there is no seal
●. The side that is in contact with the table should not be counted.

(Q1) What is the minimum number of the faces without seal ●?

(Q2) What is the maximum number of the faces without seal ●?

Question 4 Swap robot

A robot is swapping the numbered cards in a row in the following sequences (1) – (4).

(1) Check the numbered card from left to right, one card at a time. X Y

(2) Look at the numbers on two adjacent cards. If the number on the left is higher, There is ● on
swap the two cards. the opposite face.

(3) Every time the cards are swapped, go back to the extreme left and start from (1).

(4) The process ends once the robot gets to check the card on the extreme right.
For example, if the numbered cards appear in the sequence of 4762, the robot
will, for the first time, swap the cards to be 4672, and then go back to the extreme Figure 1
left.

(Q1) If the initial card combination is 425163, how many times will the robot need
to swap the cards?

(Q2) If the initial card combination is 659713428, how many times will the robot
need to swap the cards?

—6—
 Question 7 Divide 100
Memo
When a number 100 is divided by every number from 1 to 100, how many differ-
ent quotients and remainders are there respectively. The remainder zero (0) is
counted as one remainder.

100 ÷ □ = ○ Remainder △
Every number from 1 to 100 Quotient Remainder

Question 8 Red and black cards

There are 9 cards, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 written on each card.

The number written on each of these cards is either red or black.

These 9 cards are given to three persons X, Y, and Z. Each person will receive 3 cards.

Listen to what these 3 persons say about their cards. Guess what cards each
person is holding.

X: “The sum of the numbers on the two red cards that I have is equal to the
number on the black card that I have. And I am holding a card with number ‘5’
written on it.”

Y: “The sum of the numbers on

the two black cards that I have
is 1 greater than the number
on the red card that I have.”

Z: “Like A, the sum of the num-

bers on the two red cards that
I have is also equal to the
number on the black card that
I have. And all my cards are
divisible by 2.”

Question 9 50-meter narrow path

Along the east and west ends, there is a straight narrow path of 50 m long. On
this path, there are 49 children standing with distance of 1 m apart from each
other, each at 1 m, 2 m, 3 m ........ 49 m away from the east.
All these children walk out from where they are following these rules:

(1) Each of them heads towards east or west, walking at a speed of 1 meter per
second.

(2) The goal is for each child to reach either the east or west end.

(3) Since the path is narrow, no two children may walk past each other, so when
they meet, both of them must change to the direction opposite of where they are
heading.

What is the shortest possible time and the longest possible time it would take for
all 49 children to reach the goal?

West East

GOAL GOAL

—7—
 【Question 4】
Junior Level Trial Questions The circles in the figure below are numbered with integers from 1 to 20.
The numbers on the 12 lines add up to the same number.
Time limit: 90min 6 circles are already numbered. Number the rest.
Answer the following questions.
【Question 1】
There are several pancakes of different sizes piled up on a plate. (1) What is the value of A?
(2) What is the value of B?
The larger pancakes should be at the bottom so that they look like a
pyramid. When you flip a pancake, all the pancakes above it are also
flipped.

For example, Then, they end up like this.

Flip this pancake and

← above together.

The pancakes in Figure (1) can be turned into a pyramid in 3 flips. How
many pancakes must be flipped each time? The pancakes in Figure (2)
can be turned into a pyramid in 4 flips.
How many pancakes must be flipped each time?
【Question 5】
Mr A and Mr B play a dice game according to the following rule.
Rule: Each keeps rolling a dice and note all the numbers. When a player
rolls the same number 2 times in a row, his turn is finished.

If the product of a player’ s number is larger than the other, he wins.

If the products of both players’ numbers are equal, the one whose
numbers make the larger sum wins.
If both the products and sums are equal, the game is called a draw.

Answer the following questions:

(1) Mr B finished his turn after rolling the dice 2 times but he still beat Mr A.
Pyramid
What is the maximum number of times that Mr A rolled the dice?

(2) Mr A rolled 7 times and Mr B rolled 5 times. The game ended in a

draw. What was the last number that Mr B rolled? What are all the possible
numbers that Mr A rolled last?

【Question 6】
The 6 cells in Figure 1 are going to be filled with either ○ or × .
How many combinations are possible that don't create the pattern shown
【Question 2】 in Figure 2.
In “Honesty Village”, everyone tells the truth, and in “Dishonesty Village”,
everyone lies. The villages hold a gathering together. There is more than
one person from either village and there are 99 people in total. Figure 1 Figure 2

All 99 people are dancing in a circle. Everyone is asked, “Are the people
on your right and left sides from the same village?” (which means both are
from “Honesty Village” or both are from “Dishonesty Village”). All of them
answer “Yes.” How many people are from “Dishonesty Village”?

【Question 3】
【Question 7】
Cubes are stacked as shown. On the top tier, there is 1 row of 2 cubes.
On the second tier, there are 2 rows of 3 cubes.
There are 20 lines of the same length. 10 lines are used to make a regular
On the third tier, there are 3 rows of 4 cubes, and so on.
decagon and the remaining 10 lines are used to make a star shape as
shown in Figure 1.
How many cubes will there be in total from the top tier to the tenth tier?
When these shapes overlap as shown in Figure 2, the overlapping area is
12cm2. What is the area of the regular decagon?

Figure 1 Figure 2

36°

36° 36°

36° 36°

—8—
【Question 8】
Fill in each of the □ cells with a single-digit number properly to complete Junior Level Final Questions
the calculation.
Time limit: 120min
【Question 1】
There are 2017 boys and girls standing around in a circle. Every boys has
a girls on at least one side and every girls has a boys on at least one side.
What is the biggest difference between the number of boys and the
number of girls?

【Question 2】
Taro’s grandfather is exactly 7 times older than Taro now. Before, He was
10 times and 12 times older than Taro.
Answer the age of Taro and Taro’s grandfather respectively.
They were born on different calendar days.
Grandfather is younger than 100 years old.
【Question 9】 They grow in age as a birthday comes. Never consider decimal numbers
Fill in the 3 x 3 grid with ○ ’ s and ● ’ s under the following rule: for ages.

Rule: Every set of 2 x 2 grid has 2 ○ ’ s and 2 ● ’ s.

For example, the following grid meets the rule. 【Question 3】

Answer the following questions: There are 7 cards numbered from 1 to 7 printed on both sides. On each
card, the front side is white and the back side is black. These cards are
(1) What is the maximum and the minimum number of ○ ’ s the grid can arranged on the table in the order of, from left to right, white – black –
hold? white – black – black – white - black, and to the following rule:

(2) How many ways can the grid be arranged? (Note, combinations that Rule: Every white card is next to at least one card of having a difference
are the same when rotated or reversed are counted as one.) of 3 or less between them. And, every black card is next to at least one
card of having a difference of more than 3 between them.

The following is an example meeting this rule:

4 5 1 2 6 7 3
How many arrangements of the cards are possible to meet the above rule,
including the above example?

【Question 4】
In the figure below, triangle ABC is an isosceles right triangle with angle A
being 90°, and square ACDE is a parallelogram.
When AE = 5cm and BE = 8 cm, answer the area of pentagon ABCDE.
【Question 10】
A is a 5-digit number. B is double the value of A.
None of the digits in A or B repeat.
What are the maximum and the minimum values of A?

【Question 5】
There are 10 elementary students who took math and national language
tests. By picking up any 2 of them out of 10 and exchanging the either
score of the tests, the total scores are equal between them.
The math score for Mr. A is 73 and the national language score is 61, and
the average of the total score for all students is 111.
Answer the average of the math scores of the 10 students.

—9—
【Question 6】

Memo
Consider a figure filled with equilateral triangles of 1 cm on a side as shown
in Figure 1.
Figure 1

Answer the number of cases to create hexagonal shapes by connecting

6 vertices. Assume the sides of the hexagonal shapes overlap the side of
triangles. Note the hexagonal shapers are different if they are in different
locations.

Correct Case Incorrect Case

【Question 7】
There are 8 cards. Each card is numbered with a unique integer, 1 or
greater.
First, Taro picks 4 cards and Jiro picks the remaining 4 cards. Then, the
products of all integers on Taro’s cards and those on Jiro’s cards are
equal.
After recollecting the cards from them, Taro now picks 5 cards and Jiro
picks the remaining 3 cards. Then, the products of all integers on Taro’s
cards and those on Jiro’s cards are again equal.
For the last time, the cards are recollected from them and Taro picks 6
cards and Jiro picks the remaining 2 cards. The products of all integers on
Taro’s cards and those on Jiro’s cards are equal.
What is the smallest possible number for the sum of the integers on all
cards?

【Question 8】
In the hexagon ABCDEF below, all interior angles are 120°, and AB = CD =
EF and BC = DE = AF.
Where G is the point at which the perpendiculars from A to side DE and
from F to side BC intersect with each other, the angle AGB is 45°.
When the area difference between the quadrangles ABCD and ADEF is
15cm2, what is the area of the equilateral triangle of side AF?

— 10 —
 【Question 5】
Senior Level Trial Questions A mathematical operation is performed on integers as follows.

Time limit: 90min Operation:

【Question 1】 If the integer is a one-digit number, no operation is made. If the integer
The circles in the figure below are numbered with integers from 1 to 20. is a 2-digit number, it is replaced with an integer of the sum of the digits
The numbers on the 12 lines add up to the same number. plus the number of digits. This operation is repeated until the number is
6 circles are already numbered. Number the rest. reduced to a one-digit number.
Answer the following questions.
For example, for 75, 7 + 5 + 2 = 14, then 1 + 4 + 2 = 7, finally you have 7.
(1) What is the value of A ?
(2) What is the value of B ? Answer the following questions:

(1) Find the number of the 2-digit integers that finally reduced to 3.

(2) Find the number of the 3-digit integers that finally reduced to 3.

【Question 6】
The 6 cells in Figure 1 are going to be filled with either ○ or × .

How many combinations are possible that don’ t create the pattern shown
in Figure 2.

Figure 1 Figure 2

【Question 2】
In “Honesty Village” , everyone tells the truth, and in “Dishonesty Village”,
everyone lies. The villages hold a gathering together.There is more than
one person from either village and there are 99 people in total.

All 99 people are dancing in a circle. Everyone is asked, “Are the people
on your right and left sides from the same village?” (which means both are 【Question 7】
from “Honesty Village” or both are from “Dishonesty Village”). All of them Fill in each of the □ cells with a single-digit number properly to complete
answer “Yes.” the calculation.

How many people are from “Dishonesty Village” ?

【Question 3】
Cubes of 1 cm are connected to make a 2 cm cube. × 6
If a connecting cube touches entirely one face, you must pay $100, 2
faces, you must pay $180, and 3 faces, you must pay $240.
1
What is the least you must pay to make a 2 cm cube?
1
【Question 4】
A regular octagon ABCDEFGH is divided in two by the diagonal line AD.
If the area of the regular octagon is 100cm2 , what is the area of the
smaller segment ABCD? 2 0 1 7

【Question 8】
A is a 3-digit number. Every digit is odd. When the continuing numbers of
A and A+1 are multiplied, all digits of the result are different and even.
Find the value of A..

— 11 —
【Question 9】
The 3 × 3 grid is filled in with numbers from 1 to 9. If you add the second
largest numbers in each column (In this example, 6 + 3 + 8), you get 17.
If you add the second largest numbers in each row (In this example, 2 + 4
+ 7), you get 13. If you add these numbers (17 + 13), you get 30.
Fill the 9 cells with the numbers 1 to 9 so that the sum of the second
largest numbers in the columns and rows is maximized.
What is the sum of the numbers?
【Question 10】
We play a game to write numbers from 1 to 9 on the blackboard according
to the following rule.
Rule: The game begins with any number from 1 to 9. It is followed by
another number from 1 to 9 one by one, and continues.
However, the numbers can not be repeated.
Also, the sum of the numbers must be a multiple of the number of digits on
the blackboard.
Answer the following questions:
(1) When the game is over, the first 5 numbers are all different and odd,
and the last one is 9. How many possible combinations are there?
(2) If a game described above is started with 1, show an example of a
series of numbers following 1.
(3) If the game is played according to the rules, what is the longest
possible series of numbers?
— 12 —
Senior Level Final Questions
Time limit: 120min
【Question 1】
There are 2017 children standing around in a circle. Every boy has a girl
on at least one side and every girl has a boy on at least one side.
What is the biggest difference between the number of boys and the
number of girls?
【Question 2】
In the figure below, the sides AB and CD of the parallelogram ABCD are
divided equally among seven by the dots ( ● ).
When (the sum of the shaded areas):(the sum of the blank areas) = 29:27,
what is the area ratio of the trapeziums X and Y (enclosed by bold lines)?
【Question 3】
There are 7 cards numbered from 1 to 7 printed on both sides. On each
card, the front side is white and the back side is black. These cards are
arranged on the table in the order of, from left to right, white – black –
white – black – black – white - black, and to the following rule:
Rule: Every white card is next to at least one card of having a difference
of 3 or less between them. And, every black card is next to at least one
card of having a difference of more than 3 between them.
The following is an example meeting this rule:
4 5 1 2 6 7 3
How many arrangements of the cards are possible to meet the above rule,
including the above example?
【Question 4】
The equilateral triangle ABC of side 4 cm is divided into 16 equilateral
triangles of side 1 cm. Draw a path, starting from A, that passes only
through the sides of the triangles of side 1 cm, and all the vertexes of the
triangles of side 1 cm one time, except A, and returns to A.
In the following, the path drawn with heavy lines is an example for the
above.
How many paths can be drawn in the way described above?
【Question 5】

Memo
Mr. A and Mr. B went shopping at a store together. They spent the same
amount for their purchases but Mr. A gave 1257 yen and Mr. B gave 1042
yen. They received their respective change(s) from the cashier.

They intended to keep the number of coins for change and those they had
in their wallet as few as possible. How much did they spend for shopping?

Note that the coins they could use were 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 yen.
(No notes were used.)

【Question 6】
In the first row of the table below, there are integers from 1 to 9. In the
second row, arrange integers from 1 to 9 one by one so that the integers
in the same column are coprime (the great common factor is 1) to each
other.

How many ways of arranging integers in the second row is possible?

1st Row 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2nd Row

【Question 7】
There are 9 cards. Each card is numbered with a unique integer, 1 or
greater.

First, Taro picks 5 cards and Jiro picks the remaining 4 cards.
Then, the products of all integers on Taro’s cards and those on Jiro’s
cards are equal.

After recollecting the cards from them, Taro now picks 6 cards and Jiro
picks the remaining 3 cards. Then, the products of all integers on Taro’s
cards and those on Jiro’s cards are again equal.

For the last time, the cards are recollected from them and Taro picks 7
cards and Jiro picks the remaining 2 cards. The products of all integers on
Taro’s cards and those on Jiro’s cards are equal.

What is the smallest possible number for the sum of the integers on all
cards?

【Question 8】
In the hexagon ABCDEF below, all interior angles are 120°, and AB = CD =
EF and BC = DE = AF.
Where G is the point at which the perpendiculars from A to side DE and
from F to side BC intersect with each other, the angle AGB is 45°.
When the area difference between the quadrangles ABCD and ADEF is
15cm2, what is the area of the equilateral triangle of side AF?

— 13 —
— 14 —
— 15 —
 【Question 5】 Correct answer rate 62.9%
BEE Level Trial Interpretation 5 cards are named A, B, C, D, and E, respectively.
Average 52 points (Full marks 100 points) The sum of the numbers on the front sides of the 5 cards is 26
(2 + 3 + 10 + 4 + 7).
The sum of the numbers on the back sides of the 5 cards is 43 (69 - 26).
【Question 1】 Correct answer rate 67.4% There are two combinations of numbers for the cards (Table 1).
The figures in the cells are line-symmetric.
The right half portion of a figure contains numbers. Table 1 A B C D E
From such a point view above, it should be like as Figure 1.
The sum of the numbers in 3 cells in either horizontal, vertical, or diagonal
direction, is 15 as shown in figure 2.

? + 7 + 6 = 15, therefore, ? = 2.
Figure 1 Figure 2

The sum of the numbers on the back sides is 43. The first decimal point of
43 is 0. If the back side of card B is 1.5, the back side of card E is 3.5. In
this case, the sum of the back side numbers will not be 43, because the
[Answer] 22 sum of the maximum sum of other 3 cards is 32.
The same is true when the back side of card E is 3.5.
【Question 2】 Correct answer rate 21.8%
(1) Therefore, the back side of card B is 6, not 1.5. The back side of card E is
3▲1=3=3 14, not 3.5.
3▲2=9=3×3
2▲3=8=2×2×2 The sum of the back sides of cards A, C, and D is 23 (43 - 6 - 14).
3 ▲ 3 = 27 = 3 × 3 × 3
“A ▲ B” means “A is self-multiplied in B times.” The back side of card A is 4. The back side of card C is 20. The back side
4 ▲ 2 = 4 × 4 = 16 of card D is 8. In any other cases, the sum will not be 23.
[Answer]
Backside of 2 is 1
(2) Backside of 3 is 6
1●5=5=1+5-1 Backside of 10 is 20
2●3=4=2+3-1 Backside of 4 is 2
3●3=5=3+3-1 Backside of 7 is 14
4●5=8=4+5-1 【Question 6】 Correct answer rate 78.9%

“A ● B” means “A + B - 1.” For (A) ~ (F), Table 1 can be created.

5 ● 6 = 5 + 6 - 1 = 10 [Answer] (1) 16 (2) 10

【Question 3】 Correct answer rate 18.3%

Number of times of cutting is 4.
Number of times of rest break is 3.
Time of period for cutting is 16 minutes (4 min. × 4 times).
Time of periods for rest break is 3 minutes (1 min. × 3 times).
The total time is 19 minutes (16 + 3). For the combinations in which the sum of the numbers is 25, Table 2 can
[Answer] 19 minites be created.
The sum of the cells is 10 for the combinations (B), (D), and (F) in the
second row from the bottom of Table 2.
【Question 4】 Correct answer rate 50.0%
The perimeter of the rectungle = (Height + Width) × 2, it means that
Height + Width = Perimeter ÷ 2

It is practically possible to
create Table 2 from F
AB + AH = 8 the combinations (B), (D), and (F)
BC + CD = 9 (See the right below).
DE + EF = 10
FG + GH = 11 D
therefore, The perimeter of the largest rectungle = 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 = 38
[Answer] 38 cm B [Answer] B, D, F

— 16 —
【Question 7】 Correct answer rate 25.0% Figure 2
Focus on A. We don’t know the A’s opponents on Day 2, Day 3, and Day
5. The opponents that are not listed on the List of Matches are teams C, E,
and F. Therefore, A will face any of C, E, and F on any of Day 2, Day 3, and
Day 5. See (Table 1A) (Table 1B) (Table 1C).

Figure 3

Pay attention to the number of matches on Day 1. Since we have more

knowledge about the 2 matches on Day 2 and Day 3, now we get to know
details on the remaining matches. See (Table 2A) (Table 2B) (Table 2C).

[Answer] 4

【Question 9】 Correct answer rate 53.5%

The following two points have the key to solving this problem:
🄰 We don’t attempt to flip only one piece of pancake. If only one piece
is flipped, the state of the pancakes doesn’t change even it was flipped.
Therefore, the number of pieces to be flipped is 2, 3, or 4.
🄱 We don’t attempt to flip the same number of pieces 2 times in a row.
Doing so will revert the pieces in the previous state.
(Table 2B) (Table 2C) are incorrect because there are 2 consecutive matches
The options to be considered are as follows:
of the same opponents. Therefore, we would focus only on (Table 2A).
① Flip 2 pieces first → Then flip 3 pieces or 4 pieces
② Flip 3 pieces first → Then flip 2 pieces or 4 pieces
Pay attention to B. B has the opponents D and E on Day 4 and Day 5.
③ Flip 4 pieces first → Then flip 2 pieces or 3 pieces
Since there is the A-D match on Day 4, the match comes in Day 4 cell is
B-E, not B-D. Therefore, the match comes in Day 5 is B-E.
Start from Figure 1. Categorize the very first step in patterns ① , ② , and
③ , and verify the case in which Figure 2 is realised most quickly.
The remaining cells will be filled with the remaining matches. See (Table A).
It is achieved most quickly with 4 pieces are flipped in the first step.

Figure 1 Figure 2

[Answer] Day1…E, Day2…D, Day3…B, Day4…C, Day5…A.

[Answer] 4 pieces → 2 pieces → 4 pieces

【Question 8】 Correct answer rate 55.8%

See figure 1. Write the sum of the numbers on the 3 faces of a dice at
each corner. You will get Figure 2.
The figure and the requirement are the same only in the case of Figure 3.
Therefore, the answer is 4.

Figure 1

— 17 —

BEE Level Final Interpretation
Average 41 points (Full marks 100 points)
【Question 1】 Correct answer rate 84.1%
(1)
Name each cell as follows.
AB×C=DEF
Plug 1 into C. Then, A B × 1 = A B. Therefore, C is not 1. C may be 3 or 5.
Plug 3 into C. In this case, if B=3 then F = 9. Therefore, B is not 3. B may
be 1 or 5.
31× 3 = 93 ( × ), 51×3=153 ( ○ ), 35 × 3 = 105( × ), 55 × 3 = 165 ( × )
Plug 5 into C. In this case, if B = 5 then F = 5. Therefore, B is not 5. B may
be 1 or 3.
31 × 5 = 155 ( × ), 51 × 5 = 255 ( × ), 33 × 5 = 165 ( × ), 53 × 5 = 265 ( × )
From the above, the answer is 51 × 3 = 153.
(2)
Name each cell as follows.
ABC÷DE=F
This formula can be modified as the following.
DE×F=ABC
This is the same as in (1) above.
Plug 1 into F. Then, D E × 1 = D E. Therefore, F is not 1. F may be 2 or 6.
Plug 2 into F. In this case, if E=2 then C = 4. Therefore, E is not 2. E may
be 2 or 6. For A B C to be 3-digit, D should be 6.
61 × 2 = 122 ( × ), 66 × 2 = 132 ( × )
Plug 6 into F. In this case, if E = 6 then C = 6. Therefore, E is not 6. E may
be 1 or 2.
21 × 6 = 126 ( ○ ), 22 × 6 = 132, 61 × 6 = 366 ( × ), 62 × 6 = 372 ( × )
From the above, the answer is 126 ÷ 21 =6.
[Answer] (1) 51 × 3 = 153 (2) 126 ÷ 21 = 6
【Question 2】 Correct answer rate 74.9%
It is found that a side of the largest square is 18cm.
Also, a side of the second largest square is 13cm (31 - 18 = 13).
A side of the smallest square is 5cm (18 - 13 = 5).
It is found that the height of the rectangle is 5cm. Because, the height of
the rectangle is equal to a side of the smallest square.
The width of the rectangle is 3cm. Because, the width of the rectangle = 31-a
side of the largest square-2 sides of the smallest square.
From the above, the perimeter of the rectangle is 16cm ((5 + 3) × 2 = 16).
[Answer] 16 cm
【Question 3】 Correct answer rate 25.3%
The requirements of the problem can be depicted as the following. T is for
Taro and J is for Jiro.
Focus on the top row. (Number of persons in the row) = 5 + □ + 1 + □ =
□×2+6
Focus on the bottom row. (Number of persons in the row) = △ + 1 + △ + 9
= △ × 2 + 10
Therefore, the difference between 2 □ ’s and 2 △ ’s is 4 (10 - 6 = 4).
Therefore, the difference between one □ and 1 △ is 2 (4/2 = 2).
Therefore, □ - △ is equal to 2.
The number of persons between Taro and Jiro is 6.
(Persons before Taro-Persons before Jiro-1 = 5 + □ - △ - 1 = 5 + 2 - 1 = 6)
[Answer] 6 people
— 18 —
【Question 4】 Correct answer rate 28.8%
(1)
Start 425163
1st time 2 4 5 1 6 3 *Exchange 4 and 2,then return to the left most.
2nd time 2 4 1 5 6 3 *Exchange 5 and 1,then return to the left most.
3rd time 2 1 4 5 6 3 *Exchange 4 and 1,then return to the left most.
4th time 1 2 4 5 6 3 *Exchange 2 and 1,then return to the left most.
5th time 1 2 4 5 3 6 *Exchange 6 and 3,then return to the left most.
6th time 1 2 4 3 5 6 *Exchange 5 and 3,then return to the left most.
7th time 1 2 3 4 5 6 *Exchange 4 and 3,then finish.
(2)
Start 659713428
1st time 5 6 9 7 1 3 4 2 8 *Exchange 6 and 5,then return to the left most.
2nd time 5 6 7 9 1 3 4 2 8 *Exchange 9 and 7,then return to the left most.
3rd time 5 6 7 1 9 3 4 2 8 *Exchange 9 and 1,then return to the left most.
4th time 5 6 1 7 9 3 4 2 8 *Exchange 7 and 1,then return to the left most.
5th time 5 1 6 7 9 3 4 2 8 *Exchange 6 and 1,then return to the left most.
6th time 1 5 6 7 9 3 4 2 8 *Exchange 5 and 3,then return to the left most.
7th time 1 5 6 7 3 9 4 2 8 *Exchange 9 and 3,then return to the left most.
8th time 1 5 6 3 7 9 4 2 8 *Exchange 7 and 3,then return to the left most.
9th time 1 5 3 6 7 9 4 2 8 *Exchange 6 and 3,then return to the left most.
10th time 1 3 5 6 7 9 4 2 8 *Exchange 5 and 3,then return to the left most.
11th time 1 3 5 6 7 4 9 2 8 *Exchange 9 and 4,then return to the left most.
12th time 1 3 5 6 4 7 9 2 8 *Exchange 7 and 4,then return to the left most.
13th time 1 3 5 4 6 7 9 2 8 *Exchange 6 and 4,then return to the left most.
14th time 1 3 4 5 6 7 9 2 8 *Exchange 5 and 4,then return to the left most.
15th time 1 3 4 5 6 7 2 9 8 *Exchange 9 and 2,then return to the left most.
16th time 1 3 4 5 6 2 7 9 8 *Exchange 7 and 2,then return to the left most.
17th time 1 3 4 5 2 6 7 9 8 *Exchange 6 and 2,then return to the left most.
18th time 1 3 4 2 5 6 7 9 8 *Exchange 5 and 2,then return to the left most.
19th time 1 3 2 4 5 6 7 9 8 *Exchange 4 and 2,then return to the left most.
20th time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 *Exchange 3 and 2,then return to the left most.
21th time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 *Exchange 9 and 8,then finish.
[Answer] (1) 7 times (2) 21 times
【Question 5】 Correct answer rate 19.7%
The folding methods are the following two (Note the mirror-imaged
numbers mean the backsides).
Method 1 Method 2
They are overlapped as follows (from the top in order).
Method 1 Method 2
In Method 1, from the bottom to top, the pin → 2 → 1 → 4 → 5 → 3.
In Method 2, from the bottom to top, the pin → 1 → 2 → 5 → 4 → 3.
[Answer] The pin→2→1→4→5→3, The pin→1→2→5→4→3
【Question 6】 Correct answer rate 15.6%
Separate the solid in top and bottom. See the figure below.
Name each of 6 cubes as in the below figure.
Top Bottom
The numbers of the faces seen
from the outside are tabled
as follows.
(1) Figure 3 Figure 4
Both cube X and cube Y have ● affixed on the 3 faces.
Focus on A and C on which 4 faces are visible. The minimum of ● ’s
seen from this position is 1. Because, at least one ● can always be seen
whichever A or B is placed in whatever way.
Besides A and C, it is possible to place them so that ● is not visible at all.
See the table below.
Therefore, the answer is 2 faces.
Consider the rest of 3 possibilities. Assuming X has 5,
Figure 3 can be depicted.
With Z’s card, where marked with × does not fit the condition.

Consider the last remaining possibility. From Y’s card,

Figure 4 can be depicted.
Therefore, X has 1, 4, or 5, Y has 3, 7, 9, and Z has 2, 6, 8.
(2)
Figure 5
Focus on E on which 2 faces are visible. The maximum of ● ’s seen from
this position is 2.
In other positions, there is a way to place them so that 3 ● ’s can be seen.
See the table below.
Therefore, the answer is 17 faces.

[Answer] X: 1, 4, 5 Y: 3, 7, 9 Z: 2, 6, 8

[Answer] (1) 2 faces (2)17 faces 【Question 9】 Correct answer rate 8.6%
For this problem, condition ③ can be modified as follows:
【Question 7】 Correct answer rate 5.1% 「If they meet each other on the street, they pass each other」
Try to work out by paying attention that the divisor is larger than the Doing so will not alter any information about the people on the street.
remainder.
The numbers which will not leave a remainder by dividing 100 are 1, 2, 4, Figure 1 Figure 2
5, 19, 20, 25, 50, and 100.
Its quotients are 100, 50, 25, 20, 10, 5, 4, 2, and 1, respectively.
The quotient will be 1 when a number from 51 to 99 is to divide 100. The
remainder will be from 1 through 49.
A number of 49 or smaller is into 100, remainder is one of 49 above.
Therefore, remainders are in 50 kinds (1 + 49 = 50).
When 100 is divided by 34 to 49, the quotient is 2.
When 100 is divided by 26 to 33, the quotient is 3. About minimum time
When 100 is divided by 21 to 24, the quotient is 4. This is the case for Figure 1. The person who finishes last is No. 25.
When 100 is divided by 11 to 19, the quotient is 9, 8, 7, 6, or 5. Therefore, time is 25 seconds.
When 100 is divided by 6 to 9, the quotient is 16, 14, 12, or 11.
When 100 is divided by 3, the quotient is 33. Figure 3
Therefore, by excluding those duplicated, the quotients are 19 of 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 33, 50, and 100.
[Answer] The quotients: 19 types, The remainders: 50 types

About maximum time

【Question 8】 Correct answer rate 41.8% This is the case for Figure 2. The person who finishes last is No. 49 or No.
From the conversations of 3, Figure 1 can be depicted. 1. Either will take 49 seconds.
From Z, Figure 2 can be depicted.
Figure 4
Figure 1 Figure 2

[Answer] Minimum time: 25 seconds, Maximum time: 49 seconds

Focus on □ and △ .
There are 4 possibilities (See Figure 3).
If △ is 5, both X and Y have to have 5. Therefore, △ is not 5.

— 19 —
 (2) Give numbers on
Junior Level Trial Interpretation the lines as shown.
Average 33 points (Full marks 100 points)

【Question 1】 Correct answer rate 18.2%

(1)
It is clear that pyramid never can be completed in 1 time operation.
Consider it is possible or not in 2 time operation. 3 pieces for the 1st time,
then 4 pieces for 2nd time are required so that the largest piece come to
the bottom. But in 2 times, pyramid will not be completed. From the above,
it takes 3 times at least. In case of 3 times, pyramid can be complete with
2pieces for the 1st time, 2pieces for 2nd time, and 4pieces for the 3rd
time.

(2)
As same as (1), At least 2 times are required so that the largest piece
come to the bottom. We don't attempt to turn over 1 piece or the same Focus on ③⑧⑪ and ⑫ .
number of pieces twice in a row. Because, the state will remain unchanged The sum of the numbers on the 4 lines is 135 (42 × 4 - 11 × 3 = 135).
before and after the operation. The sum of the numbers to be entered in 7 ○ ’s which are not on ③⑧⑪
The number of state at the completion of the 2nd operation is 12: and ⑫ is 75 (210 - 135 = 75).
(1, 3, 5, 2, 4,), (2, 1, 3, 5, 4), (4, 2, 1, 3, 5), (5, 1, 3, 2, 4), (2, 3, 5, 1, 4), Three of these ○ ’s are entered with 4, 7, and 17, respectively.
(4, 2, 3, 5, 1), (1, 2, 5, 3, 4), (5, 1, 2, 3, 4), (4, 3, 5, 1, 2), (2, 4, 1, 5, 3), Therefore, the sum of the remaining E, G, and K, is 47 (75 - 4 - 7 - 17 = 47).
(1, 2, 4, 5, 3), (5, 1, 2, 4, 3) From ② and ④ , the sum of F and L is 9 (42 × 2 - 47 - 19 - 9 = 9).
Let’s categorize these states for investigation one by one: So, from ⑪ , the sum of C and N is 22.
Now, if you look at ⑥ and ⑩ , the sum of the numbers is already known
■If 5 is neither at the bottom nor at the top except for H.
Following to bring 5 to the top, you need to bring it to the bottom. However, Therefore, H is now known to be 3 (42 × 2 - 47 - 22 - 12 = 3).
there is no state existing in the above 12 ways that is turned into pyramid Since 4 and 7 are already in use, F and L are 1 and 8, respectively.
by such an operation. Now focus on ⑦ .
■About (4, 2, 1, 3, 5) The sum of F and I is 16 (42 - 19 - 7 = 16).
Firstly, 4 must be moved to the 4th. This will result in (3, 1, 2, 4, 5). If F is 8, I is also 8. Therefore, F is 1, then I is 15.
However tactfully you will try next, it is impossible to make it complete. From ⑨ , J is known to be 13.
■About (5, 1, 3, 2, 4) Now focus on ⑧ .
Firstly, 5 must be moved to the 5th. This will result in (4, 2, 3, 1, 5). The sum of D and M is 22 (42 - 9 - 11 = 22).
However tactfully you will try next, it is impossible to make it complete. The sum of C and N is 22.
■About (5, 1, 2, 3, 4) There are only two combinations that sum to 22, which is 2 and 20, and 6
Firstly, 5 must be moved to the 5th. This will result in (4, 3, 2, 1, 5). Next, and 16.
moving 4 to the 4th will make it complete. From ② , the sum of E and G is 32 (42 - 9 - 1 = 32).
■About (5, 1, 2, 4, 3) E and G are 18 and 14, respectively.
Firstly, 5 must be moved to the 5th. This will result in (3, 4, 2, 1, 5). From ① , the sum of C and D is 26 (42 - 4 - 12 = 26).
However tactfully you will try next, it is impossible to make it complete. Therefore, C and D are 20 and 6, respectively.
From all of above, C is 20, D is 6, M is 16, and N is 2.
From all of the above, only 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 can make it complete. It means that From ⑩ , the sum of G and B is 28 (42 - 12 - 2 = 28), therefore G is 18,
the answer is “to operate in 4 pieces, 3 pieces, 5 pieces, then 4 pieces.” and B is 10.
[Answer] (1) 19 (2) 10
[Answer] (1) 4 pieces, 2 pieces, 4 pieces, (2) 4 pieces, 3 pieces, 5 pieces, 4 pieces

【Question 2】 Correct answer rate 44.8%

【Question 5】 Correct answer rate 13.8%
Focus on a part of the dancing circle: Find a pair of a Honesty and a (1)
Dishonesty who are lined abreast. Mr B rolled a dice to the same cast for the 1st and 2nd rolls.
From that part, we are aware that people are lined as “a Honesty, a As the maximum product of Mr B’s cast is 36 (6 × 6 = 36), Mr A’s is
Dishonesty, a Dishonesty, a Honesty, a Dishonesty”… and so on. smaller than 36.
From the above, the number of village people in the Dishonesty Village is Let’s think of how many times Mr A has rolled a dice.
99 × 2/3 = 66 (people). [Answer] 66 people 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24
1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 120
【Question 3】 Correct answer rate 68.4%
When multiplication is repeated up to 5, the result is larger than 36,
There are 2 cubes on the 1st (topmost) tier (1 × 2 = 2). therefore, the casts Mr A obtained were 1, 2, 3, and 4.
There are 6 cubes on the second tier (2 × 3 = 6). The maximum number of time Mr A rolled a dice was the 5 times, the casts
There are 12 cubes on the third tier (3 × 4 = 12). were1, 2, 3, and 4; and the 5th time, the cast was 1.
In the same manner, consider down to the tenth tier.
The answer is 440 cubes (2)
(1 × 2 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 4 + 4 × 5 + 5 × 6 + 6 × 7 + 7 × 8 + 8 × 9 + 9 × 10 + 10 × 11 = 440). Mr A got casts in all the numbers.
[Answer] 440 cubes Mr A got a cast of the same number twice.
As the game ended in a draw, the products were the same.
Mr A’s product was a multiple of 5, Mr B’s was also a multiple of 5.
【Question 4】 Correct answer rate 6.3%
Therefore, Mr B got 5.
Adding the numbers from 1 to 20 makes 210. Let’s figure out the last number Mr B cast.
There are 5 horizontal lines. ■ If Mr B’s last number wasn’t 6.
Therefore, the sum of the numbers on the 1st horizontal line is 42 (210 ÷ 5 The maximum number Mr B cast at last was 5.
= 42). Therefore, the sum of the numbers on a line is 42. ● If Mr B’s last number was 5.
Since Mr B cast 5 twice, the last number Mr A cast was also 5.
(1) Consider the diagonal line on which A is situated. The product of Mr A’s casts is 3600 (6 × 5 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 3600).
A is 19 (A + 12 + 11 = 42). The product of Mr B’s casts is 1800 at a maximum (6 × 5 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 1800).
The game shouldn’t have ended up with a draw.

— 20 —
 ● If Mr B’s last number was smaller than 4. 【Question 8】 Correct answer rate 52.1%
The maximum sum of Mr B’s numbers was 22 (6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 4 = 22). Firstly let’s take note of the hundreds place of the result of calulation.
The maximum sum of Mr A’s numbers reached 22 if he cast 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Here, “1” is the sum of 1 and another number, which may be 0 or 9.
and 6. “0” can’t be a leftmost digit, therefore 9 is correct.
However, the product for Mr B is larger than Mr A’s.
■ If the last number Mr B cast was 6. Now focus on the first calculation to consider : □ 6 □ × □ = 9 □□
Mr B cast 5 once and 6 twice. Let’s assume the remaining casts for Mr B, This should be either 16 □ × 6 = 9 □□ or 46 □ × 2 = 9 □□ .
twice, was ○ and □ . However, the result of 46 □ × □ can’t be 3-digit and have “1” in the hundreds digit.
If the last cast for Mr A was △ : Therefore, 16 □ × □ = 9 □□ .
For Mr B, (5, 6, 6, ○ , □ )and for Mr. A, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, △ ). Let’s figure out how the tens digit can be “1” after 16 □ × □ .
By comparing the products for Mr A and Mr B, it turns out ○ × □ = 4 × △ . It occurs only with 16 □ × 5.
By comparing the sums for both, it turns out ○ + □ = 4 + △ . Therefore, 16 □ × 56.
Thefore, either of ○ or □ is 4, and either of ○ or □ is equal to △ . The remaining □ should be either 2 or 3.
Then, for Mr B, (5, 6, 6, 4, △ ) and for Mr A , (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , △ ) . Since After investigating each one by one,
Mr B had already cast 6, 5, and 4, △ should be 1, 2, or 3. it should be 163 × 56.
[Answer] (1) 5 times (2) B: 6, A: 1, 2, 3

【Question 6】 Correct answer rate 2.2%

Let’s symbolise every cell as shown. [Answer]
Consider the cases in terms of
a symbol in cell E.
■ If E is ×
Consider the cases in terms of cell C. 【Question 9】 Correct answer rate 4.6%
● If C is ○ (1)
The problem fails only when The top left 2 × 2 matrix needs two ● ’s.
both B and D have ×. The bottom right 2×2 matrix needs two ● ’s as well.
Therefore, 12 ways ((4 - 1) × 2 × 2 = 12). These two matrices have only 1 cell in common.
● If C is × Therefore, in the 3×3 matrix, there are at least 3 ● ’s filled.
「F」should have ○ . From the above, up to 6 cells are filled with ○ ’s.
Both「A」and「B」can’t have × . If we put ○ in 3 cells in the top and bottom tiers, it fits the problem.
Neither of「B」and「D」can’t have × .
If「B」is × , there’s only one way - both A and D have ○ . (2)
If「B」is ○ , the rest can have either symbol, therefore, 4 ways. The rule is kept intact even ○ ’s and ● ’s are replaced with each other.
From the above, there are 17 ways when E is × (12 + 4 + 1 = 17). Thus, we may investigate only the case where ○ ’s outnumber the other.
■ If E is ○ The minimum number of ○ is 3, the maximum is 6, therefore, ○ is 6 or 5.
The problem fails if all of「A」,「B」, and「C」have × .
Therefore, 28 ways ((8 - 1) × 2 × 2 = 28). ■ If ○ is 6
1) ⃝ is in the center
From the above, 45 ways (17 + 28 = 45). [Answer] 45 ways Each of four 2 × 2 matrices can include one more ○.
Then, there can be only 5 ○ ‘s included in 3×3.

2) ● is in the center
【Question 7】 Correct answer rate 21.7% Let’s think of the bottom left and top right 2×2 matrices.
Name every vertex as shown. These 2 matrices can include four ○’s in all.
Considering 6 pieces are included in 3 × 3, the top left and bottom right in
3 × 3 should be ○ ’s.
In the same manner, the top right and the bottom left include ○ ’s as well.
Now we have four empty cells. There only are 2 ways to include ○ ’s or
● ’s in these cells:

■ If ○ is 5
1) ⃝ is in the center
Then the rest four ○ come to 2 × 2 one by one.
We know these should be in the corners.

Give A~I on each vertices as shown. Add 2 diagonal lines to theregular
decagon to form 2 triangles ABC.
Pay attention to the star shape.
Focus on star shape. It turns out that GH and GI are identical in length.
Therefore, △ GHI is aisosceles triangle. Therefore, ∠ GHI is 72°.
△ DEG and △ GHI are congruent triangles.
That is, the shaded area is equal to the area of △ FGI.
△ FGI and △ CAB are congruent, because those triangles areaisosceles
triangles, AB = GI, and the vertices are equal.
From the above, it turns out that the shaded area is 1/10 of the area of the
regular decagon. Therefore, the area of the regular decagon is 120 square
centimeters (12 × 10 = 120).
[Answer] 120cm2
2) ● is in the center
Let’s think of the bottom left and top right 2 × 2 matrices, which then
include 4 ○ ’s in all.
Therefore, either of the remaining corners will have ○ .
The same applies to the bottom right and top left matrices.
Rotating them overlaps each other in one and we should investigate the
case when pieces are in the bottom right and top right matrices.
There are 5 empty cells. If we put a ○ in the middle right cell, the condition
will not be met at all nomatter how tactfully pieces are entered. Therefore,
3 ○ ’s must be entered in 3 cells except the middle right cell. As there are
4 ways to choose the corners in the beginning, there are 4 ways.
From the above, there are 7 ways.
By reversing ○ ’s and ● ’s, we have 7 × 2 = 14 ways.
[Answer] (1) Maximum: 6 pieces, Minimum: 3 pieces (2) 14 ways

— 21 —
【Question 10】 Correct answer rate 2.6%
Let’s consider A for a maximum and minimum, one by one.
■ Minimum
A is the smallest when you put a smaller number in a higher place of digit.
● If the ten-thousands place is 1
You cannot enter “0” in any place because doubling the 0 place becomes
0 or 1.
Therefore, “0” is included in B.
This leads to that A includes 5 because what becomes 0 when doubled is
0 or 5.
Next, let's consider the thousands place of A. You cannot enter 2 in the
thousands place because the ten-thousands place of A is “1”.
Therefore, the smallest number in the thousands place of A is 3.
In the same manner, the smallest number in the hundreds place of A is 4.
Therefore, the smallest possible number for A is when A is 134 □□ .
From the fact that A doesn’t include 2 but includes 5, the first digit of A
should be 5.
Because, if “5” is entered for its tens place, the ones place of A is larger
than 6, then 1 is included in B consequently.
Therefore, A is 134 □ 5.
In order to fulfill the Problem’s requirement, keep considering what is □ .
You will find 13485.
■ Maximum
Let’s think of the ten-thousands place of A.
Considering B is 5-digit, the ten-thousands place of A is up to 4. Let’s try
puting 4 in the ten-thousands place of A.
Next, think of the thousands place of A. If the thousands place of A is 9,
the ten-thousands place of B will be 9.
Therfore, the thousands palce of A is up to 8. Let’s try putting 8 in the ten-
thousands place of A.
The ten-thousands place of B will be 9.
Therefore, the largest number we can use hereafter is 7.
Now, think of the hundreds place of A.
If we put 7 in this place, we will run into “7” for both A and B.
So, let’s use 6 for the hundreds place of A as a maximum.
Let’s think of the tens place of A.
Since A has to include 5, let’s make the tens place 5.
Now, A is 4865 □ .
By considering the ones place of A and continuing, you will find 48651.
[Answer] Minimum: 13485, Maximum: 48651
— 22 —
Junior Level Final Interpretation
Average 28 points (Full marks 100 points)
【Question 1】 Correct answer rate 70.2%
In either case that boys or girls outnumber, the headcount difference is the
same for both boys and girls. Therefore, let’s think of the case that boys
outnumber girls.
To make the difference larger, line two boys to the both sides of a girl; and
a girl to the one side and a boy to the other side of a boy. When they are
lined by following this rule, they will be arranged as: “a boy, a girl, a boy, a
boy, a girl, a boy, .. “ and so on.
This is a repetition of a unit of “a boy, a girl, and a boy”.
By repeating this unit for 2017 people, there will be 672 units repeated
(2017 = 3 × 672 + 1).
There will be one remainder person. If this remainder is a boy, the
problem’s requirement will not be fulfilled, therefore, the last remainder
should be a girl.
The difference is 671. [Answer] 671 people
【Question 2】 Correct answer rate 83.0%
Assume Grandfather of Taro is □ years older than Taro now. The age
diffrence in other times should be either □ + 1 or □ -1.
The age difference would be a multiple of 6, 9, or 11.
Since □ is a multiple of 6, therefore, is a multiple of 3 as well.
If □ is a multiple of 3, □ + 1 and □ -1 are NOT multiples of 3.
Therefore, □ + 1 and □ -1 are NOT a multiple of 9 as well.
Now that □ is a multiple of 6 as well as a multiple of 9, hence □ is a
multiple of 18. And, □ is 18, 36, 54, or 72.
□ + 1 or □ - 1 becomes a multiple of 11 only if □ is 54.
From the above, the answer is: Grandfather is 63 and Taro is 9 years old.
[Answer] Grandfather: 63 years old, Taro: 9 years old
【Question 3】 Correct answer rate 1.3%
Starting with the left-most card, consider the difference in numbers. As the
first one is white, the difference between the first and the second is 3 or
less.
As the second one is black, the difference between the second and the
third is larger than 3.
Now consider starting with the right-most card. The difference of the
numbers is, from right to left, “small, large, small, large, small, large” (where,
“small” is for 3 or less, “large” is for larger than 3).
You can put a card in the “Large” positions only as: (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (2,
6), (2, 7), and (3, 7). Taking the fact into account that there are 3 “large”
positions, (1, 5), (2, 6), and (3, 7) must be used.
From the above, the left-most card is 4.
Now, consider the 4th and the 5th given the fact that the 3rd and the 4th
are for “small”, and the 4th and the 5th are also for “small.”
■ (1, 5)
The remaining numbers are 2, 3, 6, and 7. The difference between 1 and 6,
7 is “large”, therefore, they are 2 or 3 besides 1. So, besides 5, they are 6,
7. Now, therefore, there are 8 ways of arrangements (2 × 2 × 2 = 8).
■ (2, 6)
The remaining numbers are 1, 3, 5, and 7. Besides 2, they are 1, 3,
or 5. Besides 6, they are 3, 5, or 7. Therefore, there are 10 ways of
arrangements ((1 + 4) × 2 = 10)
■ (3, 7)
In this case, if you consider all of the numbers are the ones subtracted
from 8, the same condition as (1,5) above applies. Therefore, there are 8
ways of arrangements.
Therefore, the answer is 26 ways (8 + 10 + 8 = 26).
[Answer] 26 ways
【Question 4】 Correct answer rate 10.6% If 7:
Rotating pentagons A, B, C, D, and E by If the maximum sum of any 2 of [a, b, c] is 5 or less, the same
90° and joining 4 of them creates the applies as above (“If 6”), namely 23 cases. If the maximum
shape as shown. sum of the two is 6, the cases would include [1, 1, 5], [1, 2,
The area of △ ABF is equal to that of △ 4], [1, 3, 3], [2, 3, 3], and [3, 3, 3]. These are 3, 6, 3, 3, 3,
CDE because either is equal to half the and 1 case(s), namely 23 + 3 + 6 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 1 = 42 cases.
area of the parallelogram.
Look at △ ACF and △ ABE. AF is a Finally, the number of the regular triangles of different lengths of sides in
line segment after AE is rotated by 90° the figure is 15 (length = 3), 10 (length = 4), 6 (length = 5), 3 (length = 6),
counter-clockwise around A. Whereas, AC and 1 (length = 7).
is a line segment after AB is roated by 90° From the above, 1 x 15 + 4 x 10 + 11 x 6 + 23 x 3 + 42 x 1 = 232 cases.
counter-clockwise around A. Therefore, △ [Answer] 232 cases
ACF and △ ABC are congruent triangles.
Therefore, BE = CF = 8cm. The angle between BE and CF is 90°.
Look at the quadrilateral FBCE. Since the diagonal lines are crossed
perpendicular to each other, the area is 32 cm2 (8 × 8 ÷ 2 = 32). 【Question 7】 Correct answer rate 38.7%
As the areas of △ ABF and △ CDE are equal, the area of equilateral The Problem’s requirement is fulfilled when the number of 8 cards are: 1, 2,
pentagons ABCDE is obtained by subtracting △ AFE from the quadrilateral 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 30,
FBCE. 1st: 2×3×5×24=1×4×6×30
The answer is 19.5 cm2 (32 - 5 × 5 ÷ 2 = 19.5). [Answer] 19.5 cm2 2nd: 2×3×4×5×6=1×24×30
3rd: 1×2×3×4×5×6=24×30

The sum of 8 cards is 75.

【Question 5】 Correct answer rate 33.2%
Focus on B and C.
The sum of B’s math score and C’s national language score is equal to B’s
national language score and C’s math score.
Therefore, the difference of B’s math and national lanauge scores is equal
to the C’s math and national language scores.
The same is true whoever (2) are chosen from 10.
Then, the difference between the math and the national language scores is
equal for everyone.
A’s math score is better than his national language score by 12.
Therefore, the average of the math scores for 10 persons is greater than
those of national lanauge scores by12.
Since the average of the sum of the national language and the math scores
is 111, the answer is 61.5 ((111 + 12)/2 = 61.5). [Answer] 61.5
If the sum is smaller than 75, the requirement is never filfilled. The reasons
are as follows:
Consider the case when Taro takes 6 and Jiro takes 2.
The miminum product of Taro’s 6 cards is 720 (1×2×3×4×5×6=720) .
For Taro, when the product of 2 cards is 720 and the sum of them is
minimum, Jiro’s cards are 24 and 30.
Consider the case when Taro’s 6 cards is NEITHER of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, nor 6.
The sum of 6 cards is 22 or greater (1+2+3+4+5+7=22). The product of 6
cards is 840 or greater (1×2×3×4×5×7=840).
Since84>28×28, the sum of Jiro’s 2 cards is 56 or greater. Then, the sum
of the 8 cards is 78(22+56) or more.
Therefore, when the sum of the 8 cards is smaller than 75, the requirement
is never fulfilled. [Answer] 75

【Question 8】 Correct answer rate 2.1%

Since ∠ AGB = 45°, △ AGB is aisosceles right triangle. Threfore, AG = AB.
【Question 6】 Correct answer rate 0.4% The figure is symmetric, therefore GF = AG.
Think about a regular triangle enclosing a hexagon which is formed by
dissecting the regular triangle along the grids in three parts. Where the Like as G, a perpendicular line is
lengths of the triangle dissected are a, b, and c; those of the remaining dropped to the opposite side. Then,
sides are x, y, and z. the hexagon is divided as shown
In this provision, the following equality above. In the area of △ AGF, one
holds: side is equal to the area of the
a+x+b=b+y+c=c+z+a equilateral triangle with side AB.
The value represented by this equality Therefore, the area of the hexagon is
is equal to the length of the sides of the equal to the sum of four equilateral
regular triangle. Consider several values for triangles with side AB and three
the length of the sides enclosing the regular squares.
rectangle and figure out the number of Consider aquadrangle ABCD. A
possible cases of forming the triangles: equilateral dodecagon with side AB is shown below. The aquadrangle
If the length of sides 3 cm: ABCD is represented by the shaded area below. The area of this is equal
Each of [a, b, c] is 1. There is one case. to the area of 2 squares and 2 equilateral triangles subtracted by the area
of the dotted area (half the square and a regular triangle). Therefore, the
If 4: area of the quadrangle ABCD is equal to 1.5 times of that of the square
[a, b, c] is [1, 1, 2] or [1, 1, 1]. The former has 3 cases. Namely 3 + 1 = 4 and three regular triangles. Therefore, the area of two equilateral triangles
cases. is 15 cm2.

If 5: The area of the equilateral triangle with side AF is equal to the area
If the maximum sum of any 2 of a, b, c is 3 or less, the same applies as enclosed by bold line in the figure. Therefore, it is equal to half the
above (“If 4”), namely 4 cases. If the maximum sum of the two is 4, the equilateral hexagon with side AB. Therefore, it is equal to three equilateral
cases would include [1, 1, 3], [1, 2, 2], and [2, 2, 2]. These are 3, 3, and 1 triangles.
cases, namely 4 + 3 + 3 + 1 = 11 cases. From the above, the answer is 22.5 cm2
(15 ÷ 2 × 3 = 22.5). [Answer] 22.5 cm2
If 6:
If the maximum sum of any 2 of [a, b, c] is 4 or less, the same applies as
above (“If 5”), namely 11 cases. If the maximum sum of the two is 5, the
cases would include [1, 1, 4], [1, 2, 3], and [2, 2, 3]. These are 3, 6, and 3
cases, namely 11 + 3 + 6 + 3 = 23 cases.

— 23 —
 【Question 3】 Correct answer rate 20.1%
Senior Level Trial Interpretation The cube of 2 cm on a side consists of 8 cubes of 1 cm on a side.
Average 30 points (Full marks 100 points) As one cube has 6 faces, the 8 cubes have 48 faces in all.
Among 48 faces, there are 12 pairs of 2 faces joined in one.
As we are to join 8 cubes, there will be 7 times of joining faces.
【Question 1】 Correct answer rate 14.2% So, we consider creating 12 pairs of joining 2 faces into one in 7 times.
Adding the numbers from 1 to 20 makes 210. Then we have the following 3 ways of doing this.
There are 5 horizontal lines. (1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3) 1060 yen, (1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3) 1080 yen, (1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2)
Therefore, the sum of the numbers on the 1st horizontal line is 42 (210 ÷ 5 1100 yen.
= 42) From these 3 ways, the minimum payment will be 1060 yen.
Therefore, the sum of the numbers on a line is 42. This will actually work the above out.
[Answer] 1060 yen
(1) Consider the diagonal line on which A is situated.
A is 19 (A + 12 + 11 = 42).
【Question 4】 Correct answer rate 57.3%
(2) Give numbers on the lines as shown. Consider lines drawn as shown below.
The quadrangle in the middle is a square.
One of the sides is equal to the length of CD.
Therefore, the area of the square is equal
to those of four isosceles right triangles
around.

The area of the smaller shape is the sum

of a rectangle and two isosceles right
triangles.
The area of the larger shape is the sum
of three rectangles and six isosceles right
triangles.
Therefore, the area ratio of the two shapes is 1: 3.
Therefore, the answer is 25 cm2 (100 ÷ 4 = 25).
[Answer] 25 cm2

【Question 5】 Correct answer rate 2.3%

Focus on ③⑧⑪ and ⑫ . (1)
The sum of the numbers on the 4 lines is 135 (42 × 4 - 11 × 3 = 135). Let’s look for the intergers which will result in 3 in ascending order.
The sum of the numbers to be entered in 7 ○ ’s which are not on ③⑧⑪ First with 10.
and ⑫ is 75 (210 - 135 = 75). For the integers that will produce 3 or 10 in a single operation, we find 17
Three of these ○ ’s are entered with 4, 7, and 17, respectively. and 26.
Therefore, the sum of the remaining E, G, and K, is 47 (75 - 4 - 7 - 17 = 47).
From ② and ④ , the sum of F and L is 9 (42 × 2 - 47 - 19 - 9 = 9). Therefore, the integer to produce 3 will be the one whose digits total to 1,
So, from ⑪ , the sum of C and N is 22. 8, or 15. The integers that will fulfill this condition will be the following 13:
Now, if you look at ⑥ and ⑩ , the sum of the numbers is already known (10, 17, 26, 35, 44, 54, 62, 71, 80, 69, 78, 87, 96)
except for H.
Therefore, H is now known to be 3 (42 × 2 - 47 - 22 - 12 = 3). (2)
Since 4 and 7 are already in use, F and L are 1 and 8, respectively. After operated once, a 3-digit integer will be 1- or 2-digit. Therefore, the
Now focus on ⑦ . integers whose digits total to 0, 7, 14, or 23 will be the answer. These
The sum of F and I is 16 (42 - 19 - 7 = 16). include 0 way, 28 ways, 70 ways, 15 ways, therefore, the answer is 113 (0
If F is 8, I is also 8. Therefore, F is 1, then I is 15. + 28 + 70 + 15 = 113.
From ⑨ , J is known to be 13. [Answer] (1) 13, (2) 113
Now focus on ⑧ .
The sum of D and M is 22 (42 - 9 - 11 = 22).
The sum of C and N is 22. 【Question 6】 Correct answer rate 11.1%
There are only two combinations that sum to 22, which is 2 and 20, and 6 Let’s symbolise every cell as shown.
and 16. Consider the cases in terms of
From ② , the sum of E and G is 32 (42 - 9 - 1 = 32). a symbol in cell E.
E and G are 18 and 14, respectively. ■ If E is ×
From ① , the sum of C and D is 26 (42 - 4 - 12 = 26). Consider the cases in terms of cell C.
Therefore, C and D are 20 and 6, respectively. ● If C is ○
From all of above, C is 20, D is 6, M is 16, and N is 2. The problem fails only when
From ⑩ , the sum of G and B is 28 (42 - 12 - 2 = 28), therefore G is 18, both B and D have ×.
and B is 10. Therefore, 12 ways ((4 - 1) × 2 × 2 = 12).
[Answer] (1) 19 (2) 10 ● If C is ×
「F」should have ○ .
Both「A」and「B」can’t have × .
【Question 2】 Correct answer rate 68.0%
Neither of「B」and「D」can’t have × .
Focus on a part of the dancing circle: Find a pair of a Honesty and a If「B」is × , there’s only one way - both A and D have ○ .
Dishonesty who are lined abreast. If「B」is ○ , the rest can have either symbol, therefore, 4 ways.
From that part, we are aware that people are lined as “a Honesty, a From the above, there are 17 ways when E is × (12 + 4 + 1 = 17).
Dishonesty, a Dishonesty, a Honesty, a Dishonesty”… and so on. ■ If E is ○
From the above, the number of village people in the Dishonesty Village is The problem fails if all of「A」,「B」, and「C」have × .
99 × 2/3 = 66 (people). Therefore, 28 ways ((8 - 1) × 2 × 2 = 28).

[Answer] 66 people From the above, 45 ways (17 + 28 = 45). [Answer] 45 ways

— 24 —
【Question 7】 Correct answer rate 25.9% 【Question 10】 Correct answer rate 3.8%
The leftmost □ in the 5th tier is 1. (1)
Focus on the operation of the upper 2 digits of adding the 4th and 5th tiers. Odd is 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. Then, focus on the first 4 numbers and the fact that
There are 9 ways here because they total to a multiple of 4.
□ + 1 □ = 19. It is achieved in case the 5th number is 1, 5, or 9.
(11, 18), (21, 17), (31, 16), (41, 15), (51, 14), (61, 13), (71, 12), (81, 11), Assume the last number is 9.
(91, 10) Thinking of the first 3 numbers that total to a multiple of 3, the 4th number
The first 2 in the 4th is the upper 2 digits of □ □ □ × 6. From this, only should be 1 or 7.
(21,17) fits the condition. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd numbers fulfill the condition whatever way they may
The condition will be possibly fit in the case of □□□ × 56 □ . be arranged in order.
In this case, the condition is fulfilledwhen □□□ is 350 to 359. Therefore, Therefore, 12 ways.
the one that fulfill all conditions is possibly 35 □ × 56 □ . The □ for 56 □
will possibly be 3 or 4 or 5. (2)
Among the multiples of 563, 564, or 565, find the one whose upper 4 digits Among the 12 ways of the answer for (1) above, the 1st number is 1 when
is 2017. the 4th number is 7.
Then 357 × 565 should be found. Therefore the answer is (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) or (1, 5, 3, 7, 9).
This case fullfills the conditions.
(3)
The numbers up to □ will total to □ × △ .
The sum of the numbers up to □ + 1 will be represented as follows:
( □ + 1) × △ , ( □ + 1) × ( △ + 1),...
Therefore, the number □ + 1 is indicated as:
△ , △ + 1, △ + 2,...
[Answer]
If □ is 8 or more, △ + □ + 1 is larger than 10. Therefore, the □ + 1 number
is only △ . Then, it is possible to place △ only.
At least from (1) to 6 can be connected.
【Question 8】 Correct answer rate 25.8% Consider the cases depending on the sum of the numbers up to the 6th.
The product has 5 digits. This includes 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. ■6×1
The ones place for this figure is 0 or 2 or 6. All from 1 to 6 are 1. This won’t fulfill the conditions.
The most significant digit (MSD, hereafter) for A is 1 or 3. ■6×2
If the MSD is for A is 3, the MSD of the product is 9. This won’t fulfill the The numbers up to the 5th totals to 5 or 10. 5 is possible only when all
conditions. from 1 to 5 are 1. Therefore, the sum of the numbers up to the 5th is 10. In
Therefore, the MSD for A is 1. The MSD for the product is 2. this case, the 6th is 2.
Next, focus on the tens place. If the tens place is 3, the MSD of the The numbers up to the 4th totals to 4 or 8. 4 is possible when all from 1 to
product is not 2 (139 × 140 = 19460). 4 are 1. Therefore, the sum of the numbers up to the 4th is 8. In this case,
If the tens place is 7, the MSD of the product is not 2 (173 × 174 = 30102). the 5th is 2. So, this won’t fulfill the conditions.
Therefore, the tens place is 5. ■ 6 × 3 and more
A is 153 or 157 or 159. 157 fulfills the conditions (157 × 158 = 24806). Because 6 + 3 + 1 = 10, the 7th number is s △ , as well as the 8th.
[Answer] 157 Therefore, only up to 7 can be connected.

From the above, 7 at a maximum can be connected.

【Question 9】 Correct answer rate 33.1% Actually, 7 can be connected as (3, 1, 2, 6, 3, 9, 4).
By plugging large numbers into the second of each column, we get 3 [Answer]
numbers. In descending order, these are A, B, and C. (1) 12 ways
Then, there is at least one number in the 9 cells, which is larger than (2) (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) or (1, 5, 3, 7, 9)
A. There are at least 3 numbers which are larger than B, including A. (3) 7 numbers
There are at least 5 numbers which are larger than C, including A and
B. Therefore, the maximums of A, B, and C are 8, 6, and 4, respectively.
These totals to 18.
By plugging large numbers into the second of each row, we get 3
numbers. In descending order, these are X, Y, and Z.
The situation “A = 8 and X = 8” is never satisfied. Because, 9 is the only
number which is larger than 8.
Therefore, either A or X is 7 at a maximum.
Consider whether it is possible for A, B, C, X, Y, and Z to total to 35. This
is only possible when “A, B, C, X, Y, Z” are “8, 6, 4, 7, 6, 4”, respectively.
In this case, “7, 8, 9” are either in the same column or in the same row.
Therefore, it is not possible for 6 and 9 to be in the same column nor
in the same row. Therefore, 6, 8, and 9 are in the same column or row.
Subsequently, 4 will not be in the same column or row as thsese numbers.
Since there are only 5 numbers remaining, which are larger than 4, it is not
possible that 4 belongs to both A, B, C and X, Y, Z at the same time.
Therefore, A, B, C, X, Y, and Z won’t be total to 35.
The answer therefore is 34. Actually, figure below fullfills conditions.

[Answer] 34

— 25 —
 【Question 4】 Correct answer rate 5.3%
Senior Level Final Interpretation Let’s consider the route. If you go through the points A, B, and C, the route
Average 23 points (Full marks 100 points) will be as shown with the bold lines below.

Next, give P, Q and R on vertices as shown in figure below. Consider how

【Question 1】 Correct answer rate 84.6% many routes exist that will pass the sides of triangle PQR.
In either case that boys or girls outnumber, the headcount difference is the
same for both boys and girls. Therefore, let’s think of the case where boys
outnumber girls.
To make the difference larger, line two boys to the both sides of a girl; and
a girl to the one side and a boy to the other side of a boy. When they are
lined by following this rule, they will be arranged as: “a boy, a girl, a boy, a
boy, a girl, a boy, .. “ and so on.
This is a repetition of a unit of “a boy, a girl, and a boy”.
By repeating this unit for 2017 people, there will be 672 units repeated
(2017 = 3 × 672 + 1).
There will be one remainder person. If this remainder is a boy, the ■ In case of 0 side
problem’s requirement will not be fulfilled, therefore, the last remainder There are two routes that pass P (See below).
should be a girl. There are also two routes that pass Q and R.
The difference is 671. [Answer] 671 people
Therefore, there are 8 routes that pass P, Q, and R (2 × 2 × 2 = 8).
Whatever is chosen from the 8 routes above, the route that passes the
remaining vertex is only one. Therefore, in this case, there are 8 routes.
【Question 2】 Correct answer rate 48.1%
Parallelogram ABCD is separated in
left and right trapezoids.
Each trapezoid is rotated clockwise-
and counter-clockwise, respectively,
and joined together (See above).
Each will then form a parallelogram.
A septsector devides the area of the
parallelogram equally in seven.
“G” represents the gray area in the
original figure; and “W” represents
■ In case of 1 side
the white area in the original figure:
For the side QR, there are two routes that pass P. Consider whether it
G = (X × 2 × 3 + Y × 2 × 4) ÷ 2
comes from the left or right.
W = (X × 2 × 4 + Y × 2 × 3) ÷ 2
When it comes from the right, there are two routes that pass the remaining
Therefore, G - W = B - A... ①
vertices (See below).
Since G:W = 29:27, where G = 29 × □ , then W = 27 × □ .
There also are two routes when they pass the sides PQ and PR.
From ① above, it turns out that B - A = 2 × □ . This leads to: B = A + 2 × □ .
In this case, there are 12 routes (2 × 2 × 3 = 12).
Since G = B × 7 + 8 × □ = 29 × □ , threrefore, it turns out that A × 7 = 21 ×
□ . This results in: A = 3 × □ .
As B = A + 2 × □ , therefore, B = 5 × □ .
Then, it turns out that A:B = 3:5. [Answer] 3:5

【Question 3】 Correct answer rate 7.7%

Starting with the left-most card, consider the difference in numbers. As the
first one is white, the difference between the first and the second is 3 or
less.
As the second one is black, the difference between the second and the
third is larger than 3. ■ In case of 2 sides
Now consider starting with the right-most card. The difference of the For the sides excluding QR, there are two routes that pass the remaining
numbers is, from right to left, “small, large, small, large, small, large” (where, vertices (See below).
“small” is for 3 or less, “large” is for larger than 3). There also are two routes that pass the 2 sides excluding PQ, and also
You can put a card in the “Large” positions only as: (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (2, there are two routes that pass the 2 sides excluding PR. Therefore, there
6), (2, 7), and (3, 7). Taking the fact into account that there are 3 “large” are 6 routes (2 × 3 = 6).
positions, (1, 5), (2, 6), and (3, 7) must be used.
From the above, the left-most card is 4. From the above, there are 26 routes (8 + 12 + 6 = 26).
Now, consider the 4th and the 5th given the fact that the 3rd and the 4th The same applies exactly in the same manner whenever the route is
are for “small”, and the 4th and the 5th are also for “small.” leftward or rightward, starting from A. Therefore, the answer is 52 routes
■ (1, 5) (26 × 2 = 52).
The remaining numbers are 2, 3, 6, and 7. The difference between 1 and 6,
7 is “large”, therefore, they are 2 or 3 besides 1. So, besides 5, they are 6,
7. Now, therefore, there are 8 ways of arrangements (2 × 2 × 2 = 8).
■ (2, 6)
The remaining numbers are 1, 3, 5, and 7. Besides 2, they are 1, 3,
or 5. Besides 6, they are 3, 5, or 7. Therefore, there are 10 ways of
arrangements ((1 + 4) × 2 = 10)
■ (3, 7)
In this case, if you consider all of the numbers are the ones subtracted
from 8, the same condition as (1,5) above applies. Therefore, there are 8
ways of arrangements.
Therefore, the answer is 26 ways (8 + 10 + 8 = 26). [Answer] 26 ways [Answer] 52 ways

— 26 —
【Question 5】 Correct answer rate 17.3%
As B paied 1042 yen, the price was less than 1042 yen.
As A paied 1257 yen, the change A received was at least 215 yen (1257-
1042=215).
As A paid in two 100-yen coins, change didn’t include 100-yen coins.
Then, change included 500-yen coins.
As A paid in 50-yen coins, 5-yen coins, and 1-yen coins, change didn’t
include those kinds of coins.
Therefore, the change A received was in one 500-yen coin, and 0 to 4 10-
yen coins. The price was either 757, 747, 737, 727, or 717 yen.
Considering change for B didn’t include 10-yen coins and 1-yen coins, the
price was 737 yen.
[Answer] 737 yen
【Question 6】 Correct answer rate 4.3%
Odd numbers are entered under the even-numbered cells.
Even numbers are entered in the cells under the odd numbers.
The numbers to be entered in the second rows are from 1 to 9; therefore,
there are 5 odd numbers and 4 even numbers.
The combinations of the first and second rows are “4 (evn, odd), 4 (odd,
even), and one (odd, odd).”
Let’s consider taking the (odd, odd) combination in account:
■ When entering odd numbers under cell 1:
Consider where to put even numbers. 6 should be under either 5 or 7.
2, 4, and 8 can be entered anywhere.
Therefore, there are 12 ways to enter the even numbers (2 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 12).
Now consider where to enter odd numbers.
The odd numbers should be entered under the even numbers. Enter 1, 5,
or 7 under 6. Any number be entered in anywhere else.
Therefore, there are 72 ways to enter the odd numbers (3 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 72).
The above conludes that there are 864 ways (12 × 72 = 864).
■ When entering odd numbers under cell 3 or 9:
Firstly consider where to enter even numbers.
6 cannot be entered under 3 or 9. 6 should be entered under 1, 5, or 7.
Other even numbers can be entered in anywhere.
Therefore, there are 18 ways for even numbers (3 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 18).
Next, consider where to enter odd numbers.
Since 3 and 9 cannot be entered under 3, 6, or 9. Therefore, 3 and 9
should be entered under 2, 4, or 8. Therefore, there are 6 ways (3 × 2 = 6).
1, 5, and 7 can be entered in anywhere. Therefore, there are 6 ways (3 × 2
× 1 = 6).
Therefore, there are 36 ways of entering the odd numbers (3 × 2 × 3 × 2 ×
1 = 36).
From the above, there are 1296 ways (2 × 18 × 36 = 1296).
■When entering odd numbers under cell 5 or 7:
Firstly, consider where to enter even numbers.
6 should be under 1, 5, or 7. The remining numbers can be entered in
anywhere.
Therefore, there are 12 ways of entering the even numbers (2 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 12).
Next, consider where to enter the odd numbers.
3 and 9 cannot be entered under 6. Also 5 cannot be entered under 5;
and 7 cannot be entered under 7.
There are 36 ways to enter 3 or 9 under the odd numbers (2 × 3 × 3 ×2 × 1 = 36).
There are 24 ways to enter 3 and 9 under the even numbers (2 × 2 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24).
From the above, there are 1440 ways (2 × 12 × (36 + 24) = 1440).
The answer is 3600 ways (864 + 1296 + 1440 = 3600).
[Answer] 3600 ways
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【Question 7】 Correct answer rate 9.6%
The Problem’s requirement is fulfilled when the number of 9 cards are:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 70, 72.
1st: 1 × 3 × 4 × 6 × 70 = 2 × 5 × 7 × 72
2nd: 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7 = 1 × 70 × 72
3rd: 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7 = 70 × 72
In this case, the sum of 9 cards is 170.
If the sum is smaller than 170, the requirement is never filfilled. The
reasons are as follows:
Consider the case when Taro takes 7 and Jiro takes 2.
The miminum product of Taro’s 7 cards is 5040 (1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7 = 5040).
For Taro, when the product of 2 cards is 5040 and the sum of them is
minimum, Jiro’s cards are 70 and 72.
Consider the case when Taro’s 7 cards is NEITHER of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, NOR
7. The sum of 7 cards is 29 or greater (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 8 = 29). The
product of 7 cards is 5760 or greater (1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 8 = 5760).
Since 5760 > 75 × 75, the sum of Jiro’s 2 cards is 150 or greater. Then,
the sum of the 9 cards is 179 or more.
Therefore, when the sum of the 9 cards is smaller than 170, the
requirement is never fulfilled.
[Answer] 170
【Question 8】 Correct answer rate 19.2%
Since ∠ AGB = 45°, △ AGB is aisosceles right triangle. Threfore, AG = AB.
The figure is symmetric, therefore GF = AG.
Like as G, a perpendicular line is dropped to the opposite side. Then, the
hexagon is divided as shown above. In the area of △ AGF, one side is
equal to the area of the equirateral triangle with side AB. Therefore, the
area of the hexagon is equal to the sum of four equirateral triangles with
side AB and three squares.
Consider aquadrangle ABCD. A equirateral dodecagon with side AB is
shown below. The aquadrangle ABCD is represented by the shaded area
below. The area of this is equal to the area of 2 squares and 2 equirateral
triangle subtracted by the area of the dotted area (half the square and a
regular triangle). Therefore, the area of the quadrangle ABCD is equal to
1.5 times of that of the square and three regular triangles. Therefore, the
area of two regular triangles is 15 cm2.
The area of the equirateral triangle with side AF is equal to the area
enclosed by the bold line in the figure. Therefore, it is equal to half the
equirateral hexagon with side AB. Therefore, it is equal to three equirateral
triangles.
From the above, the answer is 22.5 cm2 (15 ÷ 2 × 3 = 22.5).
[Answer] 22.5cm2
 ASIA MATHEMATICS OLYMPIAD

2018 Registration Form

For online applications, please register at https://asiamaths.wufoo.eu/forms/amo/

Student’s Particulars
Name: Date of Birth:

School: Class:

Level to Apply (please circle):

Beginners Level (9yrs and under) Junior Level (11yrs and under) Senior Level (12yrs and under)

Application Category (please circle):

School ($40.00) Open ($50.00)

Parent’s/ Guardian Particulars

Name: (Mr/ Ms/ Mdm/ Mrs/ Dr)

Address:

Tel
(HP): (H) (O)

Email:

Payment (Not refundable or transferable)

(please circle) Cheque of: $40.00 (School category) Bank: Cheque No:
$50.00 (Open category)
Made payable to Asia Maths Alliance Pte Ltd
Please write the name, class and contact number of your child on the reverse side of the cheque.

Submission Details:
*Age limit for individual levels:
N.B.: Enrolment for the above programme is based on
• Beginners Level – Born on or after 2 January 2009
first-come-first-serve basis. Should your child be absent
• Junior Level – Born on or after 2 January 2007
for the contest on 10 June 2018 there shall not be a make-up
• Senior Level – Born on or after 2 January 2006
test or a refund of the contest payment.

2018 ASIA MATHEMATICS OLYMPIAD RULES & REGULATIONS
1. A minimal number of students (20) have to be recruited for school applications.
2. Registration must be done using the Official Registration Form and emailed to
Asia Maths Alliance Pte Ltd by 19th May 2018, Saturday.
Registration by fax or phone will not be entertained.
3. Late registrations will not be processed.
4. The First Round held on 10 June 2018, Sunday must be administered according
to the scheduled time by a Proctor appointed by the school.
5. Only the Proctor appointed by the school is allowed to invigilate during the
competition.
6. Answer sheets will not be returned.
7. We will send the results of the 1st round by the end of June.
8. Selected participants that are qualified for the Final Round on 22 July 2018,
Sunday will be informed through Asia Maths Alliance Pte Ltd.
9. Final result report with answers and analytics will be given to all participants.
10. A one-time $40 / $50 non-refundable registration fee will be charged for each
participant registered.
11. Payments for school applications are to be made through the participants’
respective schools in ONE consolidated payment to Asia Maths Alliance Pte Ltd by
cash / cheque. Registration will only be confirmed upon the receipt of the
payment.
12. Receipts will be issued by Asia Maths Alliance Pte Ltd for cash / cheque payments.
13. All Finalists must report for the competition in full school uniform. They must bring
along their student identification cards, bus concession cards or passports for
identification purposes.
14. All Finalists must bring their own stationery. All other items, including their own
calculators, mathematical sets and personal items like wallets and mobile phones
will not be allowed during the competition.
15. The organiser reserves the right to amend the rules and regulations of the
competition.
This competition is organized by Gakken Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.
(1 Scotts Road #25-09 Shaw Centre, S228208) , and operated by Asia Maths
Alliance Pte Ltd. (110 Middle Road #07-03C Chiat Hong Building S188968)
For any inquiries regarding this competition: asiamaths@gmail.com

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