10cnc 170207221545

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
CNC
by Endika Gandarias
Dr. ENDIKA GANDARIAS MINTEGI
Mechanical and Manufacturing department
Mondragon Unibertsitatea - www.mondragon.edu

(Basque Country)
www.linkedin.com/in/endika-gandarias-mintegi-91174653
Further presentations: www.symbaloo.com/mix/manufacturingtechnology
by Endika Gandarias 2
CONTENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
BASIC ISO PROGRAMMING
FIXED CANNED CYCLES
EXERCISES
FAGOR SIMULATOR
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The author would like to thank all the bibliographic references and videos that
have contributed to the elaboration of these presentations.
For bibliographic references, please refer to:
• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763364 (PDF file)
• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763366 (PPT file)
For videos, please refer to:
• www.symbaloo.com/mix/manufacturingtechnology
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Definition
 CNC (Computer Numerical Control (CNC) refers to the method of controlling a machine tool or
the machining process by means of a computer.
 Coded numerical instructions are inserted into the CNC  PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Brief history
1942 Bendix Corporation, a USA helicopter blade manufacturing company,
needs three-dimensional cam parts.
→ Coordination of movements is necessary.
1947 John Parson (a Bendix corporation worker) using punched tapes

is able to control simultaneously axes movements of a machine
→ MIT collaborates
1953 Numerical Control (NC) term appears at M.I.T.
1960 Adaptative Control term appears at M.I.T.

NC Punched Tape
1970 Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is created
→ Microprocessors origin.
1980 Direct Numerical Control (DNC) is possible.

A large number of machines are controlled by a computer.
INTRODUCTION
CNC machine tool description Loop control types

OPEN LOOP
VIDEO
CLOSED LOOP
Position Velocity
Feedback Feedback
CNC block diagram VIDEO

Machine control feedback: position & velocity
INTRODUCTION
CNC machine tool description

An encoder is a sensor for converting rotary
Feedback devices motion or position to analog/digital signal.
ABSOLUTE ROTARY ENCODER INCREMENTAL ROTARY ENCODER
VIDEO
VIDEO VIDEO
 Every position of an absolute device is unique.  The feedback signal is always referenced to a start
 The disk has many circular tracks, the higher the or home position. They need an external processing
number of tracks the higher the resolution. of signals.
 These devices do not lose position when power  In the event of a power failure, it must be
is removed (homing sequence not needed on reinitialized.
startup).  They are susceptible to noise, thus, errors.
 They do not accumulate errors (not affected by  They are simpler and cheaper.
noise signal).
 They are more complex and expensive.
INTRODUCTION
CNC machine tool description
Feedback devices
LINEAR GLASS SCALE ENCODER
Absolute glass scale
 It measures directly the position of linear axes.

 High positioning accuracy. Incremental glass scale
 High permissible traversing speed.
 It can correct next errors:
 Positioning error due to thermal behavior of the recirculating ball screw. VIDEO
 Reversal error.
 Kinematics error through ball-screw pitch error. VIDEO
VIDEO
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
 High Repeatability + High Trueness = High Accuracy.
 More complex 3-dimensional geometries.
Increasing Trueness
 Better quality.
 Higher productivity.
 Greater safety and lower operator qualification.
 Greater flexibility to part changes.
 Minimizes human errors.
Disadvantages Increasing Repeatability

 Higher investment cost.
 Higher maintenance cost.
 Time consuming set-up.
 Training is needed for CNC programming.
CNC FAGOR - USER MANUAL

www.fagorautomation.com/download/
INTRODUCTION
Type of machines
 Turning Centers  Grinding Machines
 Milling Centers  EDM Machines
 Machining Centers  Laser-Cutting Machines
 Drilling Machines  …
CNC manufacturers
INTRODUCTION
Axis nomenclature
Turning machine Three-axes milling machine
The axes are named

according to DIN 66217. B+
A+
C+
Six-axis milling machine
VIDEO VIDEO
INTRODUCTION
Reference systems
VIDEO
INTRODUCTION
Reference systems
 M  Machine Zero or home: This is set by the manufacturer as the origin of the coordinate
system of the machine.
 W  Part zero or point of origin of the part: This is the origin point that is set for
programming the measurements of the part. It can be freely selected by the programmer.
 R  Machine Reference point. This is a point on the machine established by the

manufacturer around which the synchronization of the system is done. The control positions
the axis on this point.
INTRODUCTION
CNC machine setup and operation
 Check coolant and air supply levels,

ensure work area is clean, …
 Fill the tool carousel.
 Define Tool Length & Radius Offsets
 Once he workholding device is properly

installed and aligned, set part X,Y&Z zero
datum.
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
Machine Reference (R) setting T1 T2 T3 T4
R R R R
TOOL LENGTH
COMPENSATION OFF
G44 L1 L2 L3 L4
OFFSET TABLE
TOOL
TOOL RADIUS LENGTH
OFFSET
T1 D1 55.234
T2 D1 72.345
T3 D1 61.098
T4 D1 66.683
… … ... …
TOOL LENGTH
COMPENSATION ON
G43
R R R R
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
Machine Reference (R) setting
1 Tool presetting machine
X  High accuracy.
 Based on camera images (contact methods were used in
the past).
 Tool length (L) and radius (R) values are measured.
 Minimizes tool setting times.
 Used at high production runs.
TOOL LENGTH MEASUREMENT

VIDEO TOOL RADIUS MEASUREMENT
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
2 Tool on the workpiece

T1 T2 T3 T4
R R R R
W
L1 < 0
W L3 < 0 L4 = 0
L2 > 0
 Low accuracy.
 Time consuming method.
 Only tool length (L) values are measured.
 Tool is rotating and thus, part or referencing block gets marked. TOOL LENGTH MEASUREMENT
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
BASED ON A REF. TOOL

3 Using a tool length setter gauge R R
L1=0 L2<0
BASED ON MACHINE DATUM

R
R
VIDEO L1
L2
z1
z2
 Good accuracy.
 Time consuming method. 50 50
M
 Only tool length (L) values are measured.
L1= z1-50 L2= z2-50
 Part or referencing block does not get marked. TOOL LENGTH MEASUREMENT
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
4 Using a touch probe Additional applications
Low RPM
 High accuracy.
VIDEO
 Fast method.
TOOL LENGTH MEASUREMENT
 Tool rotates counterclockwise not to mark the probe at low RPM. TOOL RADIUS MEASUREMENT
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
5 Using a laser beam Additional applications
 Highest accuracy.
 Fast method.
 Tool rotates at working conditions. TOOL LENGTH MEASUREMENT
VIDEO VIDEO TOOL RADIUS MEASUREMENT
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
Part zero (W) setting

 Prior to defining part zero, procedure should be:
1. Study how the drawing is dimensioned.
2. Decide on the workholding device type and part zero (W) definition.
 Machine operator defines part zero (W) position anywhere.
 Most common positions:
o Left lower side of the part (all data position values are positive).
o Part symmetry axis.
o CLAMP CASE  Centering pins side.
Stationary chuck
o VISE CASE  Stationary chuck & vise stop side.
Movable chuck
Clamps Centering pins
Vise stop
Clamps (with or without centering pins) Vise (with or without vise stop)
REFERENCE SYSTEMS

VISE Z VISE Z
Y Y
X
X
Y Y
Y Y
X Z
X Z
Symmetry
X-Y axis part symmetry Stationary chuck & Y axis part symmetry
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
Part zero (W) setting Z

VISE CLAMP
Y
X
X
Z
X Z
X
Stationary chuck & left lower part Stationary chuck & Y axis part symmetry
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
1 Using the tool 2 Using a mechanical edge finder
VIDEO
 Low accuracy.  Low accuracy.
 Tool is rotating and thus, part gets VIDEO
marked.
X Optical edge finder  similar
Y DATUM SETTING X
DATUM SETTING
Z Y
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
3 Using a touch probe
 High accuracy.
X
Y DATUM SETTING
VIDEO VIDEO Z
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
3 Using a touch probe

2 types:
1. Touch-trigger probes
2. Scanning probes (continuous measuring)
Touch probe stylus tips
PRO & CON:
Almost any machined geometry may be measured in-situ.
Reduced machine downtime.
Part unclamping for measuring is avoided.
It cannot consider possible machine axes errors.
VIDEO
BASIC ISO PROGRAMMING
FAGOR 8055-M
Block structure
/ N**** G** X****.*** Y****.*** Z****.*** A****.*** B****.*** C****.*** F****.** S****.**
Linear and angular

positioning data Feed function
Preparatory
functions
or G-codes
Speed function
Block identification
Identifies the block of information.
Block skip condition
T** D** M** N** ;*****

Not ISO,
Block comment
= corresponds to
Number of block repetitions FAGOR 8055M
Miscellaneous or auxiliary functions
Tool offset number
Tool number
Feed function (F) Speed function (S)
 The feed function F is the speed at which the tool  The speed function S is the speed at which the
center point moves. tool (in milling) or part (in turning) rotates.
 The programmed F is effective working in linear  The maximum S value is limited by the machine
(G01) or circular (G02, G03). parameters.
 The maximum F value is limited by the machine

parameters.
Tool number (T)

The "T" code identifies the tool position in the tool magazine.
Tool offset number (D)

The tool offset contains the tool dimensions.
Each tool may have several offsets associated with it.
TOOL TOOL
TOOL RADIUS LENGTH … TOOL RADIUS LENGTH …
OFFSET OFFSET
D1 8.002 55.234 … D1 4.000 72.345 …
T1
D2 7.502 55.234 …
T2
D2 11.990 60.036 … …
D3 8.002 55.026 … D3 7.500 33.110 …
… … … … … … … …
Auxiliary or Miscellaneous (M) functions
M functions DESCRIPTION
M00 Program STOP / Spindle STOP / Coolant OFF
M03 Spindle ON clockwise
M04 Spindle ON counterclockwise
M05 Spindle STOP
M06 Tool change
M08 Coolant ON
M09 Coolant OFF
M30 End of program
Preparatory functions or G-codes
M functions MODAL DESCRIPTION

G00 * Rapid traverse
G01 * Linear interpolation
G02 * Clockwise circular interpolation
G03 * Counterclockwise circular interpolation
G05 * Controlled corner rounding
G07 * Square corner
G36 Automatic radius blend
G39 Chamfer
G37 Tangential entry
G38 Tangential exit
G40 * Cancellation of tool radius compensation
G41 * Left-hand tool radius compensation
G42 * Right-hand tool radius compensation
G43 * Tool length compensation MODAL = Once programmed, it remains active until
another incompatible G function is
G44 * Cancellation of tool length compensation
programmed or until M30 / EMERGENCY
G90 * Absolute programming or RESET.
G91 * Incremental programming
… … …

Rapid traverse (G00) Linear interpolation (G01)
 It is a positioning linear movement at maximum  It is a working linear movement at the
F value defined in the machine parameters. programmed F value.
 Not valid for cutting.  It can be programmed as G01 or G1.
 It can be programmed as G00, G0 or G.
G00 X___ Y___ G01 X___ Y___
TP TP
(TP) (TP)
(SP) (SP)
… …
N80 G00 X500 Y300 N120 G01 X500 Y300 F400
… …

Rapid traverse (G00) Linear interpolation (G01)
EXERCISE 1
= SP

Clockwise circular interpolation (G02)
Counterclockwise circular interpolation (G03)
 It is a working circular movement at the programmed F value.
 It can be programmed as G02 or G2 / G03 or G3.
G02 X___ Y___ I___ J___ G03 X___ Y___ I___ J___
TP Distance from the SP to TP Distance from the SP to

CARTESIAN COORDINATES
the Circle Center (CC). the Circle Center (CC).

WITH ARC CENTER
CC
TP TP
J J
CC
SP I I
SP
… …
N60 G02 X300 Y300 I200 J0 N60 G03 X300 Y300 I0 J200
… …

 A complete circle cannot be programmed.
G02 X___ Y___ R___ G03 X___ Y___ R___
TP R + : Arc < 180º TP R + : Arc < 180º

CARTESIAN COORDINATES
WITH ARC RADIUS
TP
SP
TP
SP
… …
R+ N40 G02 X400 Y150 R150 R+ N40 G03 X400 Y300 R150
… …
… …
N40 G02 X400 Y150 R-150 N40 G03 X400 Y300 R-150
… …

EXERCISE 2 EXERCISE 3
SP SP
w w
SP SP
w w

EXERCISE 6
SP

Absolute programming (G90)
Incremental programming (G91)
G90: The positioning data refers to the part zero (default).
G91: The positioning data corresponds to the distance to be travelled from the point
where the tool is situated.
= SP
Absolute programming (G90) Incremental programming (G91)

… …
N70 G01 G90 X70 Y15 F350 ; P2 N70 G01 G91 X50 Y0 F350; P2
N80 G01 X70 Y30 ; P3 N80 G01 X0 Y15 ; P3
N90 G01 X45 Y45 ; P4 N90 G01 X-25 Y15 ; P4
N100 G01 X20 Y45 ; P5 N100 G01 X-25 Y0 ; P5
N110 G01 X20 Y15 ; P6 N110 G01 X0 Y-30 ; P6
… …

Absolute programming (G90)
Incremental programming (G91)
SP
SP
Other functions
REPEAT
(RPT N___ ,N___)N___
From To Number of
block block repetitions
EXERCISE 9
SP
100 275 450 600 775 950 1100 1275 1450
Face Milling Slot Milling Engraving
Profile Milling Pecking / Drilling / Pocket Milling

Threading / Reaming
Face milling For exercises consider:

70 ae = 50% of tool Ø
100
80
60
60
SP
40
20 Security
distance ~ 2 mm
20 40 60 80 100
N00 T1 D1 ; Ø28mm end-mill, assign tool 1 value D1
N10 M06 ; Tool change action
N20 G00 G43 X14 Y40 Z100 F400 S1500 M03
N30 G00 Z58
N40 G01 X116 Y40
N50 G00 X116 Y54
N60 G01 X14 Y54
N70 G00 X14 Y68
N80 G01 X116 Y68
N90 G00 X116 Y82
N100 G01 X14 Y82
N110 G00 X14 Y96
N120 G01 X116 Y96
N130 G00 Z100
N130 M30 ; End of program
Face milling
EXERCISE 10
Tool: Ø50mm HSS end-mill, z=4

Material: Aluminium
• CASE A  apTOTAL=5mm; ap=5mm
• CASE B  apTOTAL=5mm; ap=2.5mm  RPT
• CASE C  apTOTAL=5mm; ap=1mm  RPT & G91

Square corner (G07) Round corner (G05)
 The CNC starts executing the following block as  The CNC starts executing the following block as
soon as the position programmed in the current soon as deceleration of the currently executing
block has reached the dead band (default)  axes start (“?” distance depends on the feedrate
Sharp edges, Machining time ↑, Shocks ↑. F value)  Rounded edges, Machining time ↓
 To be used with G00: face milling, canned  NOT to be used with G00: slot milling,
cycles, … Fx engraving, contouring,…
Fx
t t t
Deceleration
t
Constant feed
Acceleration
Fy Fy
DEAD BAND: The range
through which an input can be
w varied without initiating response w
… …
N60 G01 G07 X50 Y100 F400 N60 G01 G05 X50 Y100 F400
N70 G01 X140 Y100 F300 N70 G01 X140 Y100 F300
… …

Threading / Reaming
Slot milling
+Z Tool: Ø10mm H.S.S. end-mill
60
ap TOTAL = 6mm ; ap = 2mm
40
20 6
20 40 60 80 100
N00 T7 D1 ; Ø10mm end-mill

N10 M06 95 • •
N20 G00 G43 X85 Y13 Z100 F400 S3500 M03
N30 G00 Z20
N40 G00 G91 Z-2 70 •
N50 G01 G90 G05 X85 Y45
N60 G01 X60 Y70 45 •
N70 G01 X60 Y95
N80 G01 G07 X3 Y95 Security
N90 G00 G91 Z10 20 ~ 2 mm
SP distance
N100 G00 G90 X85 Y13
N110 G00 G91 Z-10 20 60 85
N120 (RPT N40,N110)N1 ; Repeat
N130 (RPT N40,N80)N1 ; Repeat
N140 G00 Z100
N150 M30
Slot milling
+Z
EXERCISE 11
60
40 Tool: Ø16mm H.M. end-mill, z=3

Material: Steel
20
5
ap TOTAL = 5mm ; ap = 2.5mm
100
85 • •
65 • •
40
•
SP
35 55 65 85
Engraving
+Z
EXERCISE 12 Tool: Ø12mm HSS engraving tool, z=1

60
Material: Steel
40
20 ap TOTAL = 2mm ; ap = 2mm

2
20 40 60 80 100
100
70
60
52.5
45
20 H.M. H.S.S.
engraving tool engraving tool
20 35 45 55 70 85 100

Cancellation of tool radius compensation (G40)
Left-hand tool radius compensation (G41)
Right-hand tool radius compensation (G42)
 The CNC automatically calculates the path the tool should follow based on the contour of the part
and the tool radius value stored in the tool offset table.
G41 - CLIMB CUTTING G42 - CONVENTIONAL CUTTING

Cancellation of tool radius compensation (G40)
Left-hand tool radius compensation (G41)
Right-hand tool radius compensation (G42)
 Tool entry & exit should always be perpendicular to the workpiece contour.
 Tool entry & exit should be avoided to be from a workpiece edge  may produce burr.
SP G41
…
22.5
30 N50 G01 G41 G05 X77.5 Y70 F400
N60 G01 X100 Y70
70 • N70 G01 X100 Y60
N80 G03 X85 Y45 I0 J-15
60 N90 G02 X70 Y30 I-15 J0
N100 G01 X50 Y30
45 N110 G01 X20 Y20
N120 G01 X25 Y70
30 N130 G03 X55 Y70 I15 J0
N140 G01 X77.5 Y70
20
N150 G01 G40 G07 X77.5 Y100
…
20 25 50 55 70 85 100

Threading / Reaming
Profile milling
EXERCISE 13 +Z
60
30
Roughing operation
Tool: Ø8mm H.M. end-mill, z=3
30 60 90 120 150
Material: Aluminium

90
60
30
•
30 60 90 120 150
25
SP

Automatic radius blend (G36) Chamfer (G39)
G36 R___ G39 R___

 It rounds a corner with a determined radius,  It chamfers corners between two straight lines,
without having to calculate the center nor the without having to calculate intersection points.
start and end points of the arc.  Function G39 is not modal.
 Function G36 is not modal.
… …
N60 G01 G36 R5 X250 Y450 F400 N60 G01 G39 R15 X350 Y600 F400
N70 G01 X400 Y0 N70 G01 X500 Y0
… …

Tangential entry (G37 RENTRY) Tangential exit (G38 REXIT)
 It is used to create a tangential entry in Finishing  It is used to create a tangential entry in Finishing
operations so tool entry mark can be unnoticeable operations so tool exit mark can be unnoticeable
(not necessary for roughing). (not necessary for roughing).
NOT MODAL FUNCTION NOT MODAL FUNCTION
RENTRY > RTOOL-OFFSET REXIT > RTOOL-OFFSET

G38 REXIT
LENTRY ≥ 2 * RENTRY LEXIT ≥ 2 * REXIT
RENTRY REXIT
G37 RENTRY
12 ≥ 11 12 ≥ 11
LENTRY 25 ≥ 2 * 12 LEXIT 25 ≥ 2 * 12
… …
N60 G01 G05 G41 G37 R12 X25 Y30 ; Tool Ø 22mm N60 G01 G38 R12 X25 Y30 ; Tool Ø 22mm
N70 G01 X10 Y30 N70 G01 G07 G40 X25 Y5
… …

Summary for profile milling operations
3 4
WORKPIECE
RENTRY = REXIT
G38 REXIT
LENTRY = LEXIT
1
2 5
G01 G01
G05 G07
G41 G40
G37 RENTRY
NOTE:
0 - G37 & G38 only for finishing operations.
G00 RENTRY > RTOOL-OFFSET

G43 TOOL
LENTRY ≥ 2 * RENTRY

Threading / Reaming
Profile milling
EXERCISE 14
+Z
Roughing operation:
+X Tool: Ø20mm H.M. end-mill, z=3
Stock: 0.4mm
SP
+Y Finishing operation:
Tool: Ø20mm H.M. end-mill, z=3
Stock: 0mm
•
Material: Steel
(Use G36 R__ and G39 R__)
+X • CASE A  Same tool

• CASE B  Different tool
FIXED CYCLES OR CANNED CYCLES
 Cycles are referred to repetitive program sequences commonly used In machining operations
that makes easier programming.
 Canned cycles or Fixed cycles: They are an inbuilt feature of the CNC usually
permanently stored as a pre-program and cannot be altered by the user (G80-G89)
 User-defined cycles or Sub-routines: They are created when the necessary fixed
cycle is not available.
CANNED
CYCLE DESCRIPTION
NUMBER
G80 Canned cycle cancellation
G81 Drilling cycle
G69 Deep hole drilling cycle with variable peck
G84 Tapping cycle
G85 Reaming cycle
G87 Rectangular pocket cycle
G88 Circular pocket cycle
G81: Drilling cycle  Valid for drilling depth

≤ 3*Ø G81 G98/G99 X___ Y___ Z___ I___ K___
 Valid for pecking cycle
Withdrawal Machining Dwell time

planes coordinates (1/100s)
Initial Plane (I.P.) - G98 Distance from Distance from
I.P. R.P. w to the R.P. w to the
Reference Plane (R.P.) - G99 drilling depth
Only one drill machining
W Z
I N0 T1 D1 ; Ø8mm drill
15
N10 M06
N20 G00 G43 X30 Y20 Z100 F300 S1400 M03
N30 G81 G98 X30 Y20 Z2 I-15 K100 ; P1
N40 G80
N50 M30
Four drills machining

8
N0 T1 D1 ; Ø8mm drill
4 3
N10 M06
N20 G00 G43 X30 Y20 Z100 F300 S1400 M03
N30 G81 G99 X30 Y20 Z2 I-15 K100 ; P1
1 2 N40 G00 X80 Y20 ; P2
N50 G00 X80 Y50 ; P3
N60 G00 G98 X30 Y50 ; P4
N70 G80
N80 M30
G81: Drilling cycle  Valid for drilling depth

≤ 3*Ø G81 G98/G99 X___ Y___ Z___ I___ K___
 Valid for pecking cycle

Initial Plane (I.P.) - G98
Distance from Distance from
Ref. Plane’ (R.P.) - G99’ I.P. R.P. w to the R.P. w to the
R.P. - G99 Z’ drilling depth
25
W Z I’ 10
I
15 Four drills machining
N0 T1 D1 ; Ø8mm drill
N10 M06
N20 G00 G43 X30 Y20 Z100 F300 S1400 M03 ; Z100
N30 G81 G99 X30 Y20 Z2 I-15 K100 ; Z2
N40 G00 G98 X30 Y50 ; Z100
N50 G81 G99 X80 Y50 Z27 I10 K100 ; Z27
8 N60 G00 G98 X80 Y20 ; Z100
2 3 N70 G80
N80 M30
1 4
G69: Deep hole drilling cycle

with variable peck G69 G98/G99 X___ Y___ Z___ I___ B___ C___
 General drilling
cycle (≥ 3*Ø)
Withdrawal Machining Drilling Approach
planes coordinates peck to the
previous
Ref. Plane’ (R.P.) - G99’ Distance from Distance from drilling
D’
R.P. - G99 Z’ drilling depth
25
W Z D
D___ H___ J___ K___ L___ R___
I’ 20
B
60 I
Withdrawal Dwell time Reduction factor
after drilling (1/100s) for drilling peck
Distance between R.P. Minimum
Num. pecks
and working surface drilling peck
before total
(absolute value)
withdrawal
8
2 3 N0 T3 D3 ; Ø10mm drill
N10 M06
N20 G00 G43 X30 Y20 Z100 F300 S1400 M03
N30 G69 G99 X30 Y20 Z2 I-60 B4 C1 D2 H10 J5 K100 L2 R0.8 ; Z2
1 4 N40 G00 G98 X30 Y50 ; Z100
N50 G69 G99 X80 Y50 Z27 I-20 B4 C1 D2 H10 J5 K100 L2 R0.8 ; Z27
N60 G98 X80 Y20 ; Z100
N40 G80
N50 M30
G84: Tapping cycle

G84 G98/G99 X___ Y___ Z___ I___ K___ R___

Initial Plane (I.P.) - G98 Distance from Distance from

I.P. R.P. w to the R.P. w to the thread
Ref. Plane (R.P.) - G99 depth
W Z
Type of tapping
R=0 Normal tapping
I R=1 Rigid tapping
60
N0 T7 D7 ; M-10 tap
N10 M06
N20 G00 G43 X50 Y20 Z100 F600 S600 M03
N30 G84 G98 X50 Y20 Z2 I-60 R0
N40 G80
N50 M30
G85: Reaming cycle

G85 G98/G99 X___ Y___ Z___ I___ K___

Ref. Plane’ (R.P.) - G99’ Distance from Distance from
R.P. - G99 Z’ reaming depth
20
W Z
I’ 15
35 I
N0 T4 D4 ; Ø12H6 reamer
N10 M06
N20 G00 G43 X30 Y20 Z100 F500 S2500 M03
12 N30 G85 G99 X30 Y20 Z2 I-35 K100
N40 G00 G98 X30 Y50
2 3
N50 G85 G99 X80 Y50 Z22 I-15 K100
N60 G00 X80 Y20
N70 G80
1 4
N80 M30

Tapping / Reaming
Pecking / Drilling / Tapping / Reaming
EXERCISE 15
Tool:
Ø12mm H.M. spot drill, z=2
Ø7.75mm H.S.S. drill, z=2
Ø8H7 H.M. reamer, z=5
Material: Steel
7
H
8
EXERCISE 16
Tool:
Ø12mm H.M. spot drill, z=2
Ø5mm H.S.S. drill, z=2
M-6x1 H.M. tap
Material: Aluminium
EXERCISE 17
Tool:
Ø16mm H.S.S. spot drill, z=2
Ø5mm H.S.S. drill, z=2
M-6x1 H.M. tap
Material: Steel
EXERCISES
EXERCISES
EXERCISES
Face milling / Profile milling
EXERCISE 18
Material: Steel
EXERCISES
Face milling / Profile milling
EXERCISE 19
Material: Aluminium
EXERCISES
Face milling / Grooving / Pecking / Drilling / Tapping / Reaming
EXERCISE 20
Material: Aluminium
FAGOR SIMULATOR
FAGOR SIMULATOR
FAGOR SIMULATOR
CNC FAGOR 8060/65 SIMULATOR

www.fagorautomation.com/download/
CHANGE LANGUAGE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFTlmvQJdk8 VIDEO
VIDEO VIDEO
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE

Accuracy Exactitud Zehaztasun
Adaptative control Control adaptativo Kontrol moldagarri
Blade Hélice Helize
Burr Rebaba Bizar
Cam Leva Espeka
Carousel Carrusel Karrusel
Chamfer Chaflán Alaka
Clamp Brida Brida
Climb cutting Corte en concordancia Konkordantzia ebaketa
Clockwise Sentido horario Erlojuaren norantza
Closed loop Lazo cerrado Lotura itxia
Conventional cutting Corte en contraposición Kontraposizio ebaketa
Coolant Regfrigerante Hozkarri
Counterclockwise Sentido anti-horario Erlojuaren aurkako norantza
Dead band Banda muerta Tarte hila
Deep hole drilling Taladrado profundo Zulaketa sakona
Downtime Tiempo de inactividad Aktibitate gabeko denbora
Drill Broca Barauts
Drilling Taladrado Zulaketa
Driving system Sistema de regulación Erregulazio sistema
Dwell time Tiempo de espera Itxaron denbora
Edge finder Centrador Zentratzaile
EDM Electroerosión Elektrohigadura
Encoder Encoder Encoder
End mill Fresa plana Fresa planua
Engraving Grabado Grabaketa
Face milling Planeado Planeaketa
Feed Avance por minuto Aitzinamendua minutuko
GLOSSARY

Finishing Acabado Akabera
Fixed canned cycle Ciclo fijo Ziklo fijoa
Glass scale Regla óptica Erregela optiko
Grinding Rectificado Artezketa
Grooving Ranurado Artekaketa
Homing Búsqueda de cero máquina Zero makina bilatzea
HSS Acero rápido Altzairu laster
Investment Inversión Inbertsio
Left-hand tool Herramienta a izquierdas Ezkerretarako erraminta
Load Cargar Kargatu
Loop Lazo Lotura
Machine zero Cero máquina Zero makina bilatzea
Machining centre Centro de mecanizado Mekanizatu zentru
Modal Modal Modal
Noise Ruido Zarata
Offset Corrector Zuzentzaile
Offset table Tabla de correctores Taula zuzentzaile
Open loop Lazo abierto Lotura irekia
Part zero Cero pieza Zero pieza
Peck Picada Ziztada
Pecking Punteado Punteaketa
Pin Pasador Ziri
Pocket Cajera Kajera
Power failure Fallo de alimentación eléctrica Elikadura elektriko gabezia
Profiling Perfilado / Contorneado Perfilaketa / Kontorneaketa
Punched tape Tarjeta perforada Tarjeta perforatu
Rapid traverse Recorrido rápido Ibilbide azkar
Reamer Escariador Otxabu
GLOSSARY

Reaming Escariado Otxabuketa
Reference system Sistema de referencias Erreferentzi sistema
Referencing block Bloque de referencia Erreferentzi bloke
Repeatability Repetibilidad Errepikagarritasun
Rigth-hand tool Herramienta a derechas Eskuinetarako erraminta
Roughing Desbaste Arbastaketa
Round corner Arista matada Ertz hila
Setter gauge Calibre de alturas Altuera kalibratzailea
Set-up Puesta a punto Prestaketa
Skip Salto Jauzi
Slot Ranura Arteka
Speed Velocidad de giro Biraketa abiadura
Spot drill Broca de puntear Punteatzaile
Square corner Arista viva Ertz bizia
Stationary chuck Parte no movil Atal ez higikor
Stylus Estilete Estilete
Tap Macho de roscar Hariztatze ardatz
Tapping Roscado (con macho de roscar) Hariztaketa (hariztatze ardatzarekin)
Target position Posición objetivo Jomuga posizio
Thermal growth Alargamiento térmico Luzapen termikoa
Threading Roscado Hariztaketa
Tip Punta Punta
Tool magazine Cambiador de herramienta Erraminta aldatzaile
Tool presetting machine Máquina de pre-reglaje Doikuntza makina
Touch probe Palpador Haztagailu
Track Pista Pista
Trueness Veracidad Egiatasun
Unnoticeable Imperceptible Hauteman ezin
GLOSSARY

Vise Mordaza Baraila
Wear Desgaste Higadura
Withdrawal planes Planos de salida Irteera planu
Workholding Sistema de amarre de pieza Pieza lotze sistema

10cnc 170207221545

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

10cnc 170207221545

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

Mechanical and Manufacturing department

Mondragon Unibertsitatea - www.mondragon.edu

Further presentations: www.symbaloo.com/mix/manufacturingtechnology

For bibliographic references, please refer to:

• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763364 (PDF file)

• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763366 (PPT file)

For videos, please refer to:

1947 John Parson (a Bendix corporation worker) using punched tapes

1953 Numerical Control (NC) term appears at M.I.T.

1960 Adaptative Control term appears at M.I.T.

1980 Direct Numerical Control (DNC) is possible.

CNC machine tool description Loop control types

CNC block diagram VIDEO

CNC machine tool description

ABSOLUTE ROTARY ENCODER INCREMENTAL ROTARY ENCODER

CNC machine tool description

LINEAR GLASS SCALE ENCODER

Absolute glass scale

 It measures directly the position of linear axes.

Disadvantages Increasing Repeatability

CNC FAGOR - USER MANUAL

Turning machine Three-axes milling machine

The axes are named

Six-axis milling machine

 R  Machine Reference point. This is a point on the machine established by the

CNC machine setup and operation

 Check coolant and air supply levels,

 Fill the tool carousel.

 Define Tool Length & Radius Offsets

 Once he workholding device is properly

Machine Reference (R) setting T1 T2 T3 T4

Machine Reference (R) setting

1 Tool presetting machine

TOOL LENGTH MEASUREMENT

Machine Reference (R) setting

2 Tool on the workpiece

Machine Reference (R) setting

BASED ON A REF. TOOL

BASED ON MACHINE DATUM

Machine Reference (R) setting

4 Using a touch probe Additional applications

Machine Reference (R) setting

5 Using a laser beam Additional applications

Part zero (W) setting

Part zero (W) setting

Part zero (W) setting Z

Part zero (W) setting

1 Using the tool 2 Using a mechanical edge finder

Part zero (W) setting

3 Using a touch probe

Part zero (W) setting

3 Using a touch probe

BASIC ISO PROGRAMMING

Linear and angular

Block skip condition

T** D** M** N** ;*****

Feed function (F) Speed function (S)

 The maximum F value is limited by the machine

Tool number (T)

Tool offset number (D)

Auxiliary or Miscellaneous (M) functions

T D M N ;*****

G00 X_ Y_ G01 X_ Y_

G02 X_ Y_ R_ G03 X_ Y_ R_

(RPT N_ ,N_)N___

G36 R_ G39 R_