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A circuit using transistor switches will be developed for use in an alarm system for detecting forced
entry into a building. In its simplest form, the alarm system will accommodate one zone. It can be
expanded to cover additional zones. For the purposes of this application, a zone is one room in a
house or any other building. The sensor used for each opening can be a mechanical switch, a
magnetically operated switch, or an optical sensor. However for this experiment the connections
will be physically connected and disconnected to act as a switch. Detection of an intrusion can be
used to initiate an audible alarm signal and/or to initiate transmission of a signal over the phone
line to a monitoring service but for this experiment a Light emitting diode (LED) will be used as
indicator on output.
Required Resources
The following components, test equipment and software would be required.
2N2222 Transistor
DMM
Resistors
Power Supply
Proteus Simulation Software.
The Experiment
The experiment consists of one exercise. The exercise is further divided into two parts first part
deals with the simulation. For the second part implement the circuit and observe the results.
In this part of the experiment you will be given two transistors, LED and few resistors. Using the
components follow the procedure below.
Procedure
B1
D1
LED-GREEN
12V
Collector
R1
1.2k
Collector
R3 Base Q2
2N2222A
36k
R2 Base Q1
Emitter
2N2222A
75k
Emitter
B2
12V
R4
1M
Q1 VCE = 128.6mV
Q2 VCE = 12.00V
c) When the switch is closed, base current (and, hence, the collector current) for Q2 is zero.
There will be no potential difference between the two ends of LED-GREEN, with both ends
at 12V. This would mean that there is no current flowing through it and the LED will not
light up. When the switch is open, the LED is activated. There will be collector current in
Q2 hence potential difference across LED-GREEN. The LED will light up.
Q1 VCE = 128.6mV
Q2 VCE = 12.00V
Q1 VCE = 11.64V
Q2 VCE = 112.7mV
e) When the LED lights up, it signals that an intruder is in the premises. The alarm works
when the switch is open/off. Therefore, to set the alarm, we must close the switch or keep
it in on position. The switch will be forced off when an alerting signal has to be given. This
can be achieved using a circuit breaker.