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Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty Member: Sir Saqib Nazir Dated: 6-12-2019

Semester: 3rd Section: A

EE215: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Lab 12: BJT Applications

Transistor switches-(Security Alarm)


PLO4 PLO5 PLO8 PLO9
Analysis Ethics Individual
of Modern
Data in and and
Name Reg. No Quiz Tool
Lab Safety Team
Report Usage
Work

5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks

Saad Bin Muhammad 242025

Adil Jowad 242013

Muhammad Asad Khalil


267850
Rao

EE215: Electronic Devices and Circuits Page 1


LABORATORY EXERCISE-9
BJT Application (Security Alarm)

Objective: To study transistor switches by implementing a Security Alarm

A circuit using transistor switches will be developed for use in an alarm system for detecting forced
entry into a building. In its simplest form, the alarm system will accommodate one zone. It can be
expanded to cover additional zones. For the purposes of this application, a zone is one room in a
house or any other building. The sensor used for each opening can be a mechanical switch, a
magnetically operated switch, or an optical sensor. However for this experiment the connections
will be physically connected and disconnected to act as a switch. Detection of an intrusion can be
used to initiate an audible alarm signal and/or to initiate transmission of a signal over the phone
line to a monitoring service but for this experiment a Light emitting diode (LED) will be used as
indicator on output.

Required Resources
The following components, test equipment and software would be required.
 2N2222 Transistor
 DMM
 Resistors
 Power Supply
 Proteus Simulation Software.

The Experiment

The experiment consists of one exercise. The exercise is further divided into two parts first part
deals with the simulation. For the second part implement the circuit and observe the results.

Exercise 1: Part 1- BJT Application (Simulation)

In this part of the experiment you will be given two transistors, LED and few resistors. Using the
components follow the procedure below.

Procedure

 In proteus, draw the circuit as shown in figure 1.


 Notice that the ground is connected to the emitter of Q1 transistor and is
common for all other points.
 The Light emitting diode (LED) is connected in series to the load resistance
which is 680 Ohms.
 To add the switch, search for “ RTSWITCH” in add parts dialog box.
 To add the LED, Search for “LED-GREEN” in add parts dialog box.
 Click on the “Play button” on the bottom left of the screen to start the simulation.
 Connect a volt meter to measure the Collector-Emitter voltage.

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R5
680

B1
D1
LED-GREEN

12V

Collector
R1
1.2k

Collector
R3 Base Q2
2N2222A
36k

R2 Base Q1

Emitter
2N2222A
75k

Emitter
B2
12V
R4
1M

Figure 1 Security Alarm with two transistors.

Observations/Measurements and Explanation:

Accomplish the following and explain your results:


a) Note the reading on the meter and explain what is happening?
b) Now disconnect the wire labeled “switch” on the figure, for the circuit?
c) Observe the readings again and check whether the LED indicator is on? Explain
why?
d) What will be the values registered for both scenarios i.e. when is switch is on and
when it is off, if the diode is removed?
e) By looking at your results, determine if the alarm is activated when switch is on or
off. Hence what is the normal position that switch must be put in when alarm is
being set?

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SIMULATION:

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Observations/Measurements and Explanation:

a) Readings when switch is closed:

 Q1 VCE = 128.6mV
 Q2 VCE = 12.00V

b) Readings when switch is open

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 Q1 VCE = 11.64V
 Q2 VCE = 112.7mV

c) When the switch is closed, base current (and, hence, the collector current) for Q2 is zero.
There will be no potential difference between the two ends of LED-GREEN, with both ends
at 12V. This would mean that there is no current flowing through it and the LED will not
light up. When the switch is open, the LED is activated. There will be collector current in
Q2 hence potential difference across LED-GREEN. The LED will light up.

d) Readings when switch is closed:

 Q1 VCE = 128.6mV
 Q2 VCE = 12.00V

Readings when switch is open

 Q1 VCE = 11.64V
 Q2 VCE = 112.7mV

e) When the LED lights up, it signals that an intruder is in the premises. The alarm works
when the switch is open/off. Therefore, to set the alarm, we must close the switch or keep
it in on position. The switch will be forced off when an alerting signal has to be given. This
can be achieved using a circuit breaker.

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