What is ethics

Ethics is a philosophical sector that deals with a set of general rules that should be followed by a set of
people. These set of rules are not totally regarded of as merely a set of rules that controls their daily
activities. Rather the rules are set as a rule of thumb that governs one behaviours, For example, it is
wrong to steal but right to help others in need. Ethics usually coincides with organisations and codes of
conducts. For instance, in the pharmacy field, there are rules and guidelines that must be followed;a
pharmacist ought to inform the customers about cheaper options of a drug. Ethics may be divided into
Meta ethics (deals with ethical meanings), Normative ethics (ethics acts) and Applied ethics (how one
can achieve moral outcomes).

How much freedom do you need to make a moral decision?

Freedom is the delineation between good and evil choices. It often seems like we have freedom of
choice when making a decision. However, this is not always true since some decisions occur beyond our
control unconsciously. If a person is in the midst of a terrifying storm and one the verge of dying
because of dehydrations and hunger but after seeing food and water belonging to someone else will
most definitely steal the food and water to survive. Here, even though society says we should not steal it
can be argued that stealing in such case above may be justified. Kant believes that in order for a decision
to be moral, there must be a freedom of choice. From his thoughts I interpret as saying we are
responsible for our actions in order to be the norm in a society.

Freedom of a moral decision varies in different regions and intersociety. Moral values are based on
socioeconomically status, attitude and behaviours of a region... An example of intra society is a gang
group within a country, this notorious group acts beyond the moral norms of the rest of society in which
it share s its niche.

How do you decide what is natural in ethical issues?

Natural ethical issues depend on natural selection. The way we deal with ethical issues is determined by
nature of the ecosystem (man and his environment). Humans usually want to lean on natural ethical
issues being solved to be right outcomes and not wrong outcomes. However, how about naturally
formulating men fighting in war more just because they are more aggressive? So, is it ethical to have
war? Natural ethical issues are based on social classes, education and upbringing and environment.
Issues involves gay right , marijuana usage, allowance of stray children and pharmacist being able to
give different levels of injections right expressed differently in different countries and these expressions
are based on laws set in accordance to the intrinsic behaviours of a society.

I am not naturally good or bad because naturally, most things a want to do as a human, I will not and
cannot do because society had determined what is natural by making laws that only favour positive
behaviours, For example, if am going to apply for a police record and the line is very long, naturally my
intentions would be to jump the line(society sees this wrong) but because I have to live up to the
standards of what is deemed naturally moral by society, then, I will just wait on the long line for my
police record.
Explain the three forms of utilitarianism

1. Pleasure of happiness is the only thing that truly has intrinsic value
Utilitarianism, meaning happiness has intrinsic value. Intrinsic value means that a possession has
an important role on earth and cannot be in none existence. Eventhough it may seems we value
some things that are not pleasure to us such as exercising , we are actually exercising to stay fit
with a beautiful body and live longer, which still ends up being a pleasuristic value. We value
education because it defines are socioeconomically status which is pleasure for us. We want
relationship and friendships because of the euphoria of pleasure. AT the end of the day we want
to be happy rather than sad.
2. Actions are right in so far as they promote happiness, wrong insofar as the produce
unhappiness.
This means moral actionsdepend on its consequence. The more an action makes a person
happy, the better the action, Therefore, giving the opportunity to study pharmacy at Cebu
doctors to many students is better than giving that opportunity to one. However, if giving many
students an opportunity to study at Cebu Doctors’ merely for financial is the reasoning then it is
not nothing to praise.
3. Everyone’s happiness counts equally
Peter Singer reallybelieves in treating everyone equal. Singer says we have a duty to help all in
far off places as well as those close to us. We should treat all animals equally since we are also
under the animal kingdom. Not because we think some animals do not have understanding,
reasoning or feelings it does not means we should abandoned them;however, we cannot give a
wild bear a hug after losing his cub.

Explain the two statement of the categorical imperative

Kant motives falls into two categories: 1. Selfish inclinations and 2. Rational obligation.
If we decide to tell the police where a criminal is hiding just because of a big financial reward
then we are being selfish. This is selfish inclinations, Kant believe that pure decision is one that is
rational, coming from the heart. This is rational obligation. First, Kant believes that a moral
choice must be a rational decision since morality involves what is necessary for us to do, and
only rational considerations are necessary. For example, there is nothing necessary about my
selfish inclination to obtain material wealth. At the same time, when we hear the moral
command “Do not steal!” we recognize an element of necessity insofar as this command applies
to everyone. Further, when we assess that anything in life is “necessary,” such as the truth of
mathematical formulas, we are making a rational assessment, and this applies to morality as
well. Second, Kant believes that with moral choices our rational motive must be in the form of a
principle since human reason operates by issuing principles. Our reason gives us universal and
necessary principles of mathematics, principles of logic, and, in this case, a principle of morality.
Third, the principle must be in the form of a command or imperative since morality involves
commands, such as “Do not steal!”
 To better clarify how the categorical imperative differs from selfish inclinations, Kant
distinguishes the categorical imperative from hypothetical imperatives.
If a person wants to be a pharmacist, it is imperative that he or she attend a professional
pharmacy school or of equal depending on the jurisdiction but for he or she wanting to be a
pharmacist to help the sick then it’s a rational obligation.