LC 24

P I E R D E S I G N ROB @ LC N0.
24 (jammikunta-Bujgirisharif)
12.000 m
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
2.50 2.50 0.00 2.50 2.50 1.00
1.000
105.178 m
1.200 m
103.978 m PIER CAPING BEAM
RCC Columns.
3.50 3.50 2.25
1.500 Ground Level 99.540

dia Formation Level/ 98.65
0.50 0.000 m
2.50 Footing 96.150 m
11.50
9.50
4.500
2.00 2.500
Salient Particulars :-
2 Foundation levels of Pier = 96.150 m
3 SBC ( Recommended ) = 90.0 t / m2
Technical Data
1 STEEL I - GIRDERS + RCC DECK SLAB = 5 Nos.
2 Span c/c. of Bearings = 36.000 m
3 Road Formation Level RCL = 108.466 m
4 Bottom of Deck BOD = 105.778 m
5 Height of Deck + Gradient + W.C = 2.0 + 0.075 + (12.0 - 2.25 -0.625) x 0 = 2.613 m
6 Thickness of Wearing Coat ( PCC M30 Grade concrete ) = 0.075 m
7 Height of Pedastal for resting Bearings Minimu = 0.500 m
8 Thickness of Elastomeric Bearings = 0.100 m
9 Top of Bed BlockBOD - 0.500 - 0.100 = 105.178 m
10 Bearing Level BOD - 0.100 = 105.68 m
11 Formation Level/ground level = 99.540 m
12 Bottom of foundation = 96.150 m
Superstructure and Loadings & Type of Substructure :-

1 Span length c/c. of bearing = 36.000 m
2 Total width of the Decking = 12.000 m
3 Width of Roadway in betweenFoot path & Median = 7.500 m
4 Width of Footpath = 1.500 m
5 Width of Crash Barriers = 0.525 m
6 Type of Superstructure = COMPOSITE-Girder
7 Camber considered in bearing pedastal in Two directio = 2.50 %
8 Thickness of Uniform Wearing coat in M30 concrete = 0.075 m
(With Min. Reinforcement of 5 kg/m2.)
9 Type of Substructure :- = RCC circular columns with trestle frame.
= 1.500 m ; Dia.
10 Number of piers = 3 nos.
Design Loadings :-
1 Unit Weight of Dead Loads :- As per IRC: 6 - 2000.
Unit Weight of PSC = 2.50 t/m3
Unit Weight of RCC = 2.40 t/m3
Unit Weight of PCC = 2.30 t/m3
Weight of Crash Barriers - RM = 1.62 t/m
Weight of Wearing Coat = 0.17 t/m2
2 Type of Live loads :- = One lane of Class - 70 R OR
TWO Lanes of Class - A
Type of Bearings :- Elastomeric Bearings designed as per IRC.

Size = 36.00 m span, 400 x 350 x 80 mm.
Expansion Joint 80 mm Strip seal Expansion Joints.

Drainage SpoutsAs per IRC standard Drawings.
Calculation of Vertical Loads from Superstructure :-

Span-1, C/C. Of bearings = 36.000 m
Span-2, C/C. Of bearing = 16.000 m
Expansion Joint = 80 mm
Total length of Span - 1. = 37.200 m
Total length of Span - 2. = 16.560 m
C/C. of Bearings with end distance 0.600 m. Span-1 = 36.000 m

0.280 m Span-2 = 16.000 m
Height of Crash Barrier = 2.025 m
The Superstructure loads (Dead + Live )
FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE (LEFT SIDE) 37.20m
Dead Superimposed Total

Load Dead Load DL+SIDL
D.L. SIDL
2413 0 2413.3
Total 2413 0.0 0.0 2413.3 0.0

Total - M. 254.6 0.0 0.0 241.3 0.0
For one span = 241.3 + 0.0 = 241.3 Say 250 t ;
dead loads with SIDL = 254.6 t ;
FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE (RIGHT SIDE) 16.56 m
Dead Superimposed Total

Load Dead Load D.L+S.DL
D.L. S. DL.
1668 0 1668.0
Total 1668 0.0 0.0 1668.0 0.0

Total - M. 170.0 0.0 0.0 170.0 0.0
For one span = 170.0 + 0.0 = 170.0 Say 175 t ;
dead loads with SIDL = 425.0 t ;

DEAD WEIGHT OF PIER CAPING BEAM :- 2400 Width
Depth of Caping Beam = 1200 mm.
12.000 m 2.400 m
B1 B3 B5 0.3 0.640 0.56
105.18
Caping Beam. 1.200

103.98
1.50
0.250 2.000 0.25

0.500
1.0 2.500
1.250
0.750
4.500
Section.
Weight of Top Rectangular portion Deep = 1.200 m

12.00 x 2.400 x 1.200 x 2.40 = 82.94 t
Weight of Remaining portion = Deep = 0.000 m
0.00 x 0.000 x 0.000 x 2.40 = 0.00 t.
Hence the weight of caping beam = 82.94 + 0.00 = 82.94 t
DEAD WEIGHT OF PIER :- Size of Pier = 1.500 m. Diameter.
Top of bed block 105.178 m ; Bottom of Pier = 98.650 m ;

Bottom of bed block 103.978 m ;
Height of Pier 103.98 - 98.650 = 5.328 m
Area of Pier p / 4 x 1.500 ^2 = 1.768 m2

Weight of Pier 1.768 x 5.328 x 2.40 = 23.83 t
For 3 Nos. = 3 x 23.83 = 71.49 t.

LIVE LOAD REACTIONS FROM SUPERSTRUCTURESpan-1 = 36.000 m
a). Class 70-R Wheeled Vehicle :-
I II III IV V VI VII
17 17 17 17 12 12 8
1.370 3.050 1.370 2.130 1.520 3.960 23.200

0.6 0.6
36.000 m c/c.
Diagram for C.G. of Loads
C.G. of Loads =17 ( 1.37 + 4.42 + 5.79) + 12 ( 7.92 + 9.44 ) + 8 x 13.4

4 x 17 + 2 x 12 + 8
= 512.38 / 100 = 5.124 m from Load I (17 t)
5.124 m 100 t
0.6 4.624 m 31.98 m 0.6
36.00 m c./c.
Final Load Diagram
Maximum reaction without Impact 100 x 31.976 = 86.70 t

36
Minimum reaction without Impact 100 - 86.70 = 13.30 t
b) Class - AA Tracked :-
70 T
1.80 1.80 m
0.6 1.200 34.800 m 0.6

36.00 m c/c
Loading Diagram
Maximum Reaction without Impact 70 x 35.400 = 67.67 t

36
c) Class - A Loading ( 1-lane ) :-
III IV V VI VII VIII

11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 28.10
0.6 36 m c/c. 0.6

Diagram for C.G. of Loads
C.G. of Loads =11.4x(1.20+5.5) + 6.8 x ( 8.5+11.5+14.5 )

2.7 x 2 + 11. 4 x 2 + 6.8 x 4
= 272 / 50 = 5.440 m from Load I ( 11.4 t)
50 t
5.440 m
0.6 4.940 m 31.06 m 0.6
36.00 m c./c.
Final Load Diagram
Maximum reaction without Impact 50 x 31.66 = 43.97 t

36
Minimum reaction without Impact 50 - 43.97 = 6.03 t
2 Live Load from Superstructure:= Two Span Loaded Condition
(a)Maximum Load condition :-
For maximum load on pier IRC class 70R wheeled vehicle shall be placed on span as shown below :-
8t 12t 12t 17
t 17t 17t 17t
27020 3960 1520 2130 1370 3050 1370 13980
600 36000 500 40 280 16000 280

2400
Reaction on pier from LHS = (8x(27.02) + 12x(30.98+32.5)+17x(34.63+36))/36 60.36t

Reaction on other side support = 66 - 60.36 = 5.64t
Reaction on pier from RHS = 17x(13.98+15.35)/16 = 28.19t

Reaction on other side bearing = 34 - 28.19 = 5.81t
Total load on pier 88.55t
Live Load eccentric moment on pier will be as follows :=
1) Along longitudinal direction = (60.36 - 28.19)x1.2 = 39 t- m
2) Along transverse direction =
( 88.55 )x 1.155 = 102.28 t-m towards footpath

Braking force on pier from RHS = 34x0.2 = 6.8t

Braking force on pier from LHS = 66x0.2 = 13.2t
Total = 20t
Impact = 4.5/(6+42.6) 0.0745 Reaction on pier = 10.0 t
LIVE LOAD REACTIONS WITH IMPACT: for L = 36.000 m Spans.
1) Class 70-R Wheeled Vehicle :- Impact Factor = 4.5 upto 40 m spans. IRC:6 - 2000
6 + L
Impact Factor 4.5 / ( 6 + 36 ) = 0.107
Total Max. Reaction Load = 1.107 x 86.70 = 97.24 t
2) Class - A ( 2-Lane ) :-
Maximum reaction for 1- = 2.0 x 43.97 = 87.94 t
Impact factor 0.1071
Toatl Max. Reaction Loa = 1.107 x 87.94 = 97.37 t FP. ECC.
Hence Total L. L. Reaction for 70-R = 86.70 + 0.00 = 86.70 t

( without Impact )
Consider 100% of the L.L. Reaction = 86.70 x 100% = 86.70 t
Hence Total L. L. Reaction for 70-R = 97.24 + 0.00 = 97.24 t

( with Impact )
Consider 100% of the L.L. Reaction = 97.24 x 100% = 97.24 t
LOAD DUE TO TRANSVERSE ECCENTRICITY OF LIVE LOAD Span - 1 = 36.000 m
1 Eccentricities
Live Load Eccentricity :-
Transverse Eccentricity across traffic = ET (LL) = 1.155 m
Transverse Eccentricity across traffic = ET =(FPLL 4.725 m
Max. Moments due to L.L.Eccentricities :-

( without Impact)
Footpath live load = 20.16 t one side loaded
i) SPAN
Transverse moment = 97.4 x 1.155 = 112.31 t-m
20.16 x 4.725 = 95.256 t-m
Additional Vertical Reaction on Columns.
Along the pier

Reaction on C1 &C3 = 207.57 x 1.750
2x( 1.750 2
+ 0.000 2
+ 0.000 2
)
= + 59.30 t
t
2 LONGITUDINAL FORCES Clause 214 of IRC:6-2000.
a) Braking Force : Cl. 214.2. Of IRC:6-2000.
The braking force will be 20% of Train of Loads ocuupying the Span and will be acting at 1.20m above
RCL of 109.810 When elastic Bearings are proposed, this force has to be divided into Half, to act
on Both sides of Superstructure.
i) SPAN
Consider Class 70-R wheeled
Height of S.S 2.613 m
Braking force = 20% of 100 t =
100 x 20% = 20 t
Force to be considered on each pier 20 / 2 = 27.162 t
Frictional force 17.162 t
Force on Each bearing across pier 27.162 = 10.86 t
3
Moment at bearing level 20 x ( 1.200 + 2.613 ) = 66.9 tm
Additional Vertical Reaction on Columns.
Reaction on each bearing = 66.9 = 0.31 t

36.000 x 6 = + 13.85 t
FINAL FORCES:kn Single Span Loaded FINAL FORCES:- kn Two Span Loaded
COLUMN N 1 2 3 COLUMN N 1 2 3
DL FROM SS 1389.8 1389.8 1389.8 DL FROM SS 1389.8 1389.8 1389.8
SIDL (FP LL) 0 0 0 SIDL (FP LL) 0 0 0
LIVE LOAD 318.0 317.97 283.51 LIVE LOAD 296.2 296.23 296.23
Wt. Of cap 271.23 271.227 271.227 Wt. Of cap 271.2269 271.2269 271.2269
Wt of pier 233.8 233.8 233.8 Wt of pier 233.8 233.8 233.8
load due Tr.Ecc. -581.8 581.78 load due Tr.Ecc. -581.7778 581.78
load due Bf 3.04 3.04 3.04 load due Bf 3.04 3.04 3.04
Due wind:- Due wind:-
on Deck -70.2 70.18 on Deck -70.18 70.18
total 1563.8 2217.76 2833.3 total 1542.06 2194.0 2846.0

WIND LOAD CALCULATION
Height of hand rails / crash barrier = 2.03 m

Overall span of the bridge = 37.2 m
width of the deck = 12 m
Type of super structure = COMPOSITE GIRDER
Height of superstructure = 2.613 m
Width of the pier cap (transverse direction ) = 12 m
Length of the pier cap (longitudinal direction ) = 2.40 m
Depth of the pier cap = 1.50 m
Shape of the pier circular
Diameter of the pier = 1.50 m
Length of the pier = 1.50 m
Height of the pier (From bottom of pier cap to top of
footing / top of pile cap ) = 104.478 m
diameter of the pier = 1.5
FRL = 109.01 m
soffit level = 106.939 m
Ground level = 99.42 m
Pier cap bottom level = 105.034 m
Top of footing / Top of pile cap level = 98.65 m
Foundation Level / Bottom of pile cap level = 96.15 m
scour level = 0 m
Ground level = 99.54 m
Mean retarding surface = 99.54 m
SPAN LOADED CONDITION

Transverse Force & Moment Calculation
1) DEAD LOAD
a)Wind Force on Superstructure
Area of Crash Barrier = 2.025 x 37.2
= 72.819 m2
Area of Girder = 2.613 x 37.2
= 71.92 m2
Total Area = 144.739 m2
Average Height of SuperStrucutre from
ground level = 106.939-99.42+((109.01-106.939)+2.025)/2
= 9.567 m
FT = P z x A x G x CD
FT = Transverse Wind force
Pz = Hourly mean Wind pressure in N/m2
A = Solid Area in m2
G = Gust Factor
CD = Drag Coefficient
For a basic wind speed of 33m/sec for height up to 10m. Ref (Amendment No.8 to IRC:6-2000), Table-1
Pz = 485.72 N/m2
Vz = 28.15 m/s
The hourly mean wind speed at bridge location = 44 m/s

Ref (Amendment No.8 to IRC:6-2000), Fig-1
44 2
Pz = 486 x
page # 8
Pz = 486 x
33
= 863.51 N/m 2
44
Vz = 28.15 x
33
= 37.54 m/s
Pz = 486 N/m2
A = 144.74 m2
G = 2 Ref (Amendment No.8 to IRC:6-2000), Cl.212.3.3
b/d = 5
CD = 2.080 Ref (Amendment No.8 to IRC:6-2000), Cl.212.3.3
FT = Pz x A x G x C D
FT = 485.72 x 144.739 x 2 x 2.08
= 292459 N
FT = 293.00 KN
CG of Superstructutre from top of footing /
Pile cap top level = (106.939-98.65)-1.3065)
CG of Superstructutre from Foundation = 7.289 m
level / Pile cap bottom level = (106.939-96.15))
Transverse Moment at top of footing / top of = 10.789 m
Pile Cap = 7.289 x 293
Transverse Moment at Foundation level / = 2136 KNm
Bottom of Pile Cap = 10.789 x 293
= 3162 KNm
b) Pier Cap
Area of Pier Cap = 2.4 x 1.5
= 3.6 m2
t = 12
b = 2.4
t/b = 5.00
CD = 0.85 Ref (Amendment No.8 to IRC:6-2000), Table -2
= 485.72 x 3.6 x 2 x 0.85
= 2972.61 N
FT = 2.98 KN
CG of Pier Cap from top of footing / Pile = (106.939-105.034)/2 + (105.034-98.65)
cap top level = 7.3365
CG of Pier Cap from Foundation level / Pile = (106.939-105.034)/2 + (105.034-96.15)
cap Bottom level = 9.8365
Transverse Moment at top of footing / top of = 7.33649999999999 x 2.98
Pile Cap = 22 KNm
Transverse Moment at Foundation level / = 9.83649999999999 x 2.98
Bottom of Pile Cap = 30 KNm
c) Pier
Diameter of Pier (t) = 1.50 m
Height of pier above Mean retarding surface = 105.034 - 99.54
= 5.494 m
Vz = 37.54 m/s
t x Vz = 1.5 x 37.54
= 56.31 > 6 m2/s
H/B = 5.494/1.5
page # 9
= 3.7426
t = 1.5
b = 1.5
t/b = 1.00
Height to breadth rat = 3.66 m
Pz = 486 N/m2
A = 8.25 m2
G = 2
= 485.72 x8.25 x2 x0.5
= 4008 N
FT = 4.008 N
CG of Pier from top of footing / Pile cap = (105.034-99.54) / 2 + (99.54-98.65)

top level = 3.64 m
Transverse Moment at top of footing / top of = 3.64 x 4.008
Pile Cap = 15 KNm
Transverse Moment at Foundation level / = 6.14 x 4.008
2) LIVE
As LOAD No.8 to IRC:6-2000, Cl.212.3.7, The Bridge shall not be considered to be carrying
per Amendment
any live load when the wind speed at deck level exceeds 36m/s
Wind speed at deck level = 37.54m/s > 36.00m/s
= Need Not consider any Live Load
Summary
Total
Total Transverse
Transverse Force
Moment(FTat
) top of footing / = 300 KN
top ofTransverse
Total Pile Cap Moment at Foundation = 2173 KNm
level / Bottom of Pile Cap = 3217 KNm
Longitudinal Force & Moment Calculation

1) DEAD LOAD
Wind Force on Superstructure = 25% of Transverse wind force
Ref (Amendment No.8 to IRC:6-2000), Cl.212.3.4
= 25% x 293
FL = 74 KN
CG of Superstructure from top of footing / = 7.289 m
Pile cap top level
Longitudinal Moment at top of footing / top = 74 x 7.289
of Pile Cap = 540 KNm
Longitudinal Moment at Foundation level / = 74 x 10.789
Check for Minimum Wind force

As per, IRC:6-2000 ,Cl.212.6 the above calculated wind force shall not be less than 450Kg per linear meter in the plane of
loaded chord
Minimum Wind force = 450 x 37.2
= 167400 N
Maximum Wind Force (Dead = 167.40 KN
Load and Live Load) = 293 + 2.98 + 4.008
= 300 KN
= 300 KN > 167 KN
page # 10
= Safe
WIND FORCE ON UNLOADED STRUCTURE

Wind Force on Unloaded Structure = 2400 N/m2
Ref. As per IRC :6-2000, Cl. 212.7
a) Super Structure
Total Area of superstructure = 144.739 m2
FT = (2400 x 144.739) /1000
= 348 KN
Pile cap top level
CG of Superstructure from Foundation level = 10.789 m
/ Pier cap Bottom level
Transverse Moment at top of footing / top of = 348 x 7.289
Pile Cap = 2536.572 KNm
b) Pier Cap
Area of Pier Cap = 3.6 m2
FT = (2400 x 3.6) /1000
= 9 KN
Pile cap top level
/ Pier cap Bottom level
Transverse Moment at Foundation level / = 9 x 9.83649999999999
Bottom of Pile Cap 88.5285 KNm
c) Pier
FT = (2400 x 8.25) /1000
= 20 KN
CG of Pier from top of footing / Pile cap top = 3.64 m
level
Pile Cap = 72.8 KNm
Bottom of Pile Cap 122.8 KNm
Summary
Total Transverse Force (FT) = 377 < 300 KN
Total Transverse Moment at top of footing / = 2676 < 2173 KNm
top of Pile Cap
Total Transverse Moment at Foundation = 3966 < 3217 KNm
level / Bottom of Pile Cap
WIND FORCE ON ONE SPAN DISLODGED CONDITION
Wind Force on Unloaded Structure = 2400 N/m2
Ref. As per IRC :6-2000, Cl. 212.7
a) Super Structure
Total Area of superstructure = 72.3695 m2
FT = (2400 x 72.3695) /1000
= 174 KN
Pile cap top level
page # 11
/ Pile cap Bottom level
Pile Cap = 1268 KNm
b) Pier Cap
FT = (2400 x 3.6) /1000
= 9 KN
CG of Pier cap from top of footing / Pile cap = 7.3365 m
top level
c) Pier
Area of Pier = 8.25 m2
FT = (2400 x 8.25) /1000
= 20 KN
CG of Pier from top of footing / Pile cap top = 3.64 m
level
Pile Cap = 73 KNm
Bottom of Pile Cap 123 KNm
Longitudinal Force & Moment Calculation

1) DEAD LOAD
Wind Force on Superstructure = 25% of Transverse wind force
Ref (Amendment No.8 to IRC:6-2000), Cl.212.3.4
= 25% x 174
FL = 44 KN
Pile cap top level
Longitudinal Moment at top of footing / top = 44 x 7.289
of Pile Cap = 321 KNm
Longitudinal Moment at Foundation level / = 44 x 10.789
Summary
Total Transverse Force (FT) = 203 < 154 KN
Total Transverse Moment at top of footing / = 1408 < 1105 KNm
top of Pile Cap
Total Longitudinal Force (FL) = 44 KN
Total Longitudinal Moment at top of footing = 321 KNm
/ top of Pile Cap
Total Longitudinal Moment at Foundation = 475 KNm
level / Bottom of Pile Cap
VERTICAL WIND LOAD ON SUPER STRUCTURE
An upward or downward vertical wind load (Fv ) acting at centroid of superstructure is given by
Fv = Pz X A3 X G X Cl, where
Pz = hourly mean wind pressure in N / m2
A3 = Area in plan in m2
Cl = Lift co-efficient
Therefore
A3 = 431.52 m2
page # 12
Fv = 314396.8 N
= 314.3968 KN
say 315 KN
SUMMARY OF WIND FORCES
BOTH SPANS LOADED CONDITION
MOMENT AT PIER
MOMENT AT PIER BASE IN
HORIZONTAL FORCE BOTTOM OF FOUNDS IN
VERTIC KN - M
IN KN KN - M
COMPO AL
S.NO:
NENT LOAD LONG. LONG.
IN KN TRANS. TRANS.
MOMEN TRANS. MOMENT MOMEN
DIRECTI LONG. MOMENT
T T
ON DIRECTION
SUPER
STRUCT 315 377 74 540 2676 799 3217
1 URE
page # 13
ROB Bhuvanagiri
Secondary effects :- Longer Span (Composite Girder)
Secondary effects are due to temperature and shrink Refer Clause no. 214.5.1.4 of IRC:6-2000
Variation in temperature = (+/-) 17 Degrees - Clause no. 218.1.2 IRC 6 :2000
From Clause no. 304.9.1 IRC 21 :2000
Coefficient of expansion per degree centigrade = 1.17E-05
Shrinkage coefficient per meter length = 2.0E-04
Shear stress for Neoprene (G) = 1 N/mm2
Size of the bearing for super structure de 400 x 350 x 65
( Thick ness = 4x10+5x3+2x5)
Nos = 5 ( on each side)
Span for super structure = 37.2 m
Strain due to temperature
= 1.17E-05 x 34 x 37.2 x 1000
= 14.80 mm
Strain due to Shrinkage
= 2.0E-04 x 37.2 x 1000 mm
= 7.44 mm
Total strain = 22.24 mm
Strain on each Pier ( d ) = 22.24 / 2 = 11.119 mm
Considering the only the thickness of Neoprene excluding the MS plates
T = 65 - 15 = 50 mm
Force in each bearin = F = G xAx d
T
F = 1.00 x 400 x 350 x 11.119

50 x 1000
= 31.13 kN
Total Force acting on the Pier ( due to 6 bearings)
F = 5 x 31.13 = 155.67 kN ( acts at bearing level)
Horizontal load induced normal to the abutment cap = Hcosa = 155.667 kN ( HL )
Moment about 'X' 155.667 x 8.335 = 1297.49 kNm
Secondary effects Smaller Span (RCC T-Beam) 16.00m
Secondary effects are due to temperature and shrink Refer Clause no. 214.5.1.4 of IRC:6-2000
Variation in temperature = (+/-) 17 Degrees - Clause no. 218.1.2 IRC 6 :2000
From Clause no. 304.9.1 IRC 21 :2000
Coefficient of expansion per degree centigrade = 1.17E-05
Shrinkage coefficient per meter length = 2.0E-04
Shear stress for Neoprene (G) = 1 N/mm2
Size of the bearing for super structure de 400 x 350 x 65
( Thick ness = 4x10+5x3+2x5)
Nos = 4 ( on each side)
Span for super structure = 16.6 m
Strain due to temperature
= 1.17E-05 x 34 x 16.6 x 1000
= 6.60 mm
Strain due to Shrinkage
= 2.0E-04 x 16.6 x 1000 mm
= 3.32 mm
Total strain = 9.92 mm
Strain on each Pier ( d ) = 9.92 / 2 = 4.962 mm
Considering the only the thickness of Neoprene excluding the MS plates
T = 65 - 15 = 50 mm
Force in each bearin = F = G xAx d
T
F = 1.00 x 400 x 350 x 4.962

50 x 1000
= 13.89 kN
ROB Bhuvanagiri
Total Force acting on the Pier ( due to 4 bearings)

F = 4 x 13.89 = 55.57 kN ( acts at bearing level)
Horizontal load induced normal to the Pier cap = Hcosa = 55.571 kN ( HL )
Moment about 'X' 55.571 x 6.888 = 382.776 kNm
Live Load from Superstructure:=

1017.0
8t 12t 12 t 17t 353 17t 17t 17t
28890 3960 1520 2130 1370 3050 1370 11727
600 36000 600 80 300 16000.0 280

1000
Reaction on pier from LHS = (8x(28.89) + 12x(32.85+34.37)+17x(36.5+37.87 35.1t

Reaction on pier from RHS = 17x(11.727+13.097+(16.147)/16 = 43.53t

Total load on pier = 78.63t
( 78.63 )x 1.155 = 90.82 t-m towards median


Total = 20t
Impact = 0.07627 Reaction on pier = 10.0 t

ROB Bhuvanagiri
Live Load from Superstructure:=

8t 12t 12 t 17t 17t 17t 17t

27020 3960 1520 2130 1370 3050 1370 12580
600 36000 480 40 280 16000 280

0
1000
Reaction on pier from LHS = (8x(27.02) + 12x(30.98+32.5)+17x(34.63+36))/ 59.63t

Reaction on pier from RHS = 17x(12.58+13.95)/16 = 28.19t

Total load on pier = 87.82t
( 87.82 )x 1.155 = 101.43 t-m towards median


Total = 20t
Impact = 0.07627 Reaction on pier = 10.0 t

453040139.xls
Seismic Design Factor.

As per revisions in IRC 6:2000; the bridges do not have to be checked for seismic effects if:
a. span < 15m
b. Length of bridge is <60 m
Feq = Ah x (DL+LL)
Ah= (z/2) x (Sa/g) / (R/I)
Z= Zone factor as per table 5
Sa/g = Avg response accleration coeff depending on T
R= Response reduction factor = 2.5
I= Importance factor: 1 or 1.5
T= Fundamental period in Sec. For this E is taken as 5000sqrt(fck) and uncracked MI
T= 2 x sqrt ( D/1000F)
D= DL + LL on pier in KN
F= Force in KN at CG of superstr for 1mm of deflection at top of pier.
Sa/g = 2.5 for small bridges.
Wall Pier
Zone 2 (2,3,4,5) Zone Z
Z factor 0.1 2 0.1
R factor 2.5 3 0.16
Importanc 1.5 4 0.24
width 1.5 m 5 0.36
Depth 1.5 m
Height 6.238 m
Ht of CG of superstr from pier cap top. 1.404 m (e)
Soil H (Hard/Medium/Soft)
DL superstructure on pier 4169.25 KN
LL appropriate on pier 888.69 KN
Grade of concrete in pier M 30
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete 27386.128 Mpa.
Moment of Inertia of Pier (long dirn) 0.7455147 m4
Moment of Inertia of Pier (tran dirn) 5.3842726 m4
Deflection = P*L^3/(3*E*I)+M*L^2/(6*E*I)
D = P*L^3/(3*E*I)+(P*e)*L^2/(6*E*I)
P (Io) = 0.001 x 6x 27386128 x 0.745515
( 2x 6.238 3 + 1.404 x 6.238 2 )
P (lo) = 226.808 KN
P (tr) = 0.001 x 6x 27386128 x 5.384273
( 2x 6.238 3 + 1.404 x 6.238 2 )
P (tr) = 1638.06 KN
T (lo) = 0.299 s
T (tr) = 0.111 s
Sa/g (lo) 2.500

Sa/g (tr) = 2.5
Ah (lo) = 0.04025
Ah (tr) = 0.075
bhuvangir
ROB
Options For designing Pier

1 Max DL+LL on one span+Bearing .
2 Max DL+LL on one span+wind+Bearing .
3 Max DL+LL on one span+EQ+Bearing .
4 DL of 1 span+brg friction
5 DL of 1 span+Wind
6 DL of 1 span + EQ.
Dead Load Eccentricity
36m span 16m span (diff. Of both loads)
Loads Load 1 Load 2 ecc. Tr M tr ecc Long M long
DL Superstructure 250 175 0 0 0.64 -48
FP LL 13.950 6.21 4.725 95.256 0.64 4.9536 take one foot path for worst effect.
Wearing Coat 0 0 0 0 0 0 (other side of FP)
Total Loads 95.256 -43.046
Dead Load Eccentricity for 1 span constructed case.

36m span (diff. Of both loads)
Loads Load 1 ecc. Tr M tr ecc Long M long
DL Superstructure 250 0 0 0.64 160.00
FP LL 13.95 4.725 65.91375 0.64 8.93
Total Loads 263.95 65.91375 168.93
Live Load Eccentricity Trans. ecc Load Moment FP side Median Side
One Train of Class 70R 1.155 86.700 100.139 Tm 1.155 1.155
One Train of Class 70R (Two S 1.1 67.667 74.433 Tm 1.1 1.1
One Train of Class A 2.45 43.972 107.732 Tm 2.45 2.45
Two Trains of Class A 0.7 87.944 61.561 Tm 0.7 0.7
When FP LL is on one side Footpath considered, Crash barrier/Median side yields max ecc.
Consider LL on one span for eccentricity effects.
Live Load Eccentricity Long. ecc Load Moment

One Train of Class 70R 0.64 86.700 55.488 Tm
One Train of Class A 0.64 43.972 28.142 Tm
Two Trains of Class A 0.64 87.944 56.284 Tm
Wind Effect with LL one span constructed

Design Moment at pier base 409.38 Tm 40.724 Tm
AT FOUNDATION LEVEL :-
Seismic Force
Factor = 0.0403 long 0.075 trans
Pier Cap level= 105.778 m Half load of each supporting span shall be taken during Lingitudinal Eq. Case.
Seismic forces at top of foundation Half load of each supporting span shall be taken during transverse Eq. Case.
Longitudinal Earthquake Transverse Earthquake
Dry Ht from Dry Ht from
Items Weight footing topHor Load Moment Weight footing t Hor LoadMoment
Superstructure at bearing 425 12.13 17.106 207.465 425.000 12.13 31.875 386.58
Live Load 0 12.128 0.000 0.000 43.350 12.128 3.251 39.431
Pier Cap 82.94 7.54 3.338 25.166 82.944 7.54 6.221 46.89
pedestals 5.626 12.053 0.226 2.729 5.626 12.053 0.422 5.086
Pier Stem 71.49 2.664 2.877 7.666 71.490 2.664 5.362 14.284
Total Hor Load = 23.549 T 47.131 T

Total Hor Moment 243.025 tm 492.3 tm
For one span case, hor load = 14.996 T 27.942 T
Hor momen 35.561 tm 259.55 tm
Both bearings will take any equal hor load in long dirn.
bhuvangir
ROB
Seismic Force TWO SPAN LOADED CONDITION :-

Live Load 0 12.128 0.000 0.000 45.295 12.128 3.397 41.200
Pier Cap 82.944 7.538 3.338 25.166 82.944 7.538 6.221 46.892
pedestals 5.626 12.053 0.226 2.729 5.626 12.053 0.422 5.086
Pier Stem 71.49 2.664 2.877 7.666 71.490 2.664 5.362 14.284
Total Hor Load = 23.548665 T 47.2766 T

Hor momen35.5605293 tm 259.552 tm
AT BOTTOM OF PIER:-
Seismic Force
Live Load 0 7.128 0.000 0.000 43.350 7.128 3.251 23.175
Pier Cap 82.944 5.928 3.338 19.791 82.944 5.928 6.221 36.877
pedestals 5.626 7.053 0.226 1.597 5.626 7.053 0.422 2.976
Pier Stem 71.49 2.664 2.877 7.666 71.490 2.664 5.362 14.284
Total Hor Load = 23.549 T 47.131 T

Hor momen 29.053 tm 167.74 tm
Both bearings will take any equal hor load in long dirn.
Seismic Force TWO SPAN LOADED CONDITION :-

Factor = 0.0403 long Half load otrans 0.075
Live Load 0 7.128 0.000 0.000 45.295 7.128 3.397 24.215
Pier Cap 82.944 5.928 3.338 19.791 82.944 5.928 6.221 36.712
pedestals 5.626 7.053 0.226 1.597 5.626 7.053 0.422 2.976
Pier Stem 71.49 2.664 2.877 7.666 49.676 2.664 3.726 9.925
Total Hor Load = 23.548665 T 45.6406 T

Hor momen29.0533182 tm 207.55 tm
DESIGN OF TRESTLE COLUMN: -
SINGLE SPAN LOADED CONDITION :-
Maximum of Vertical Load on Column = 2833.25 kN
Maximum Longitudina moment = 1422.47 Knm
Maximum Transverse moment= 385.74 Knm
Resultant Moment = 1473.84 Knm
TWO SPAN LOADED CONDITON :-
Maximum Longitudina moment = 1252.63 kNm
Maximum Transverse moment= 373.90 kNm
Resultant Moment = 1307.24 kNm
ONE SPAN DISLODGED CONDITON :-
SINGLE SPAN LOADED WITH WIND:-
TWO SPAN LOADED WITH WIND:-
SINGLE SPAN LOADED WITH SESIMIC:-
TWO SPAN LOADED WITH SESIMIC:-

Classification of column
Diameter of the column = 1500 mm
Bridge under sercive Super structure on

Description
condition one side condition
Height of coumn, m 5.328 5.328
Effec Height of column, m 6.39 9.32
Moment of inertia, m4 0.249 0.25
C/S area , m2 1.767 1.767
Least Radius of gyration , m 0.375 0.38
Eff Height/ Least Rad of Gyration 17.032 24.838
<50 <50
short column short column
STRESSES IN THE COLUMN
Single span Loaded Condition
Direct stress = 2833.253x1000/(1.767x1000^2)= 1.60 N/mm2
Bending stress = 1473.842x10^6x0.5x1500/(0.249x1000^4)= 4.44 N/mm2
Maximum stress in concrete = 1.6+4.44= 6.04 N/mm2
Minimum stress in concrete = 1.6-4.44= -2.84 N/mm2
Permissible stresses M 30 grade concrete
Direct compressive stress = 7.500 N/mm2
Flexural compressive stress = 10.000 N/mm2
Tensile stress in concrete = 0.670 N/mm2
Since the tensile stress is exceeding the permssible limit, the section is considered as cracked
Provide steel of 0.800 of the Cross sectional area of the column
Area of steel = 14137 mm2
Provide 25 mm dia 29.0 Nos
Clear cover to the reinforcement is 62.5 mm
Spacing of ties
Provide 12 mm dia ties
spacing is the least of (1) 300 mm

(2) Least lateral dimension = 1500.000 mm
(3) 12 times the dia of the longitudinal bar = 300 mm
However provide 12 mm dia lateral ties at 150 mm C/c
Gross area of column = 1.767 1767000.00 mm2
Area of steel provided , Ast = 14137 mm2
Core dia of the column ,d' = 1x1000-2*(50+0.5*25)= 875 mm
Thickness of equivalent steel shell , Z = Ast/πd' = 5.14 mm
Eccentricity , e = Moment/ vertical load = 520.19 mm
Effective diameter of the column , d = 1500-50-25*0.5 1437.50 mm
Assme N A factor , k = 0.495 (Assume between 0.4 to 0.7)
Depth of Neutral Axis , n = k.d = 0.494996756890487x= 711.56 mm
Radius of the column R = 1500/2 = 750.00 mm
Core radius r = d'/2 = 875/2 = 437.50 mm
α1 = COS-1(n/R-1) = 1.62 radians
α2 = COS-1(R/r COS α1) = 1.66 radians

Sin α1= 1.00 Sin α2= 1.00 COSα1= -0.05
Sin 2α1= -0.10 Sin 2α2= -0.18 COSα2= -0.09
Sin 4α1= 0.20
Modular ratio , m = 10.000 mc = 15
Compression in concrete , C1 = 2 R2 c' {sin3α1/3 + (π-α1)x0.5x cosα1 +cosα1 sin2α1/4} = 345970.28 c'
1+cos α1
Moment of Compression in 2 R3 c' { (π-α1)/8+sin4α1/32+cosα1 sin3α1/3} = 159445622.77 c'

concrete, M1 = 1+cos α1
Compression in steel , C2 = 2r2 z (mc-1)c' {sinα2 + (π-α2) cosα2 } = 33538.70 c'

R+r cos α2
Moment of Compression in steel , M2 = 2r3 z (mc-1)c' { (π-α2)/2 +sin2α2 /4 } = 11822792.00 c'

R+r cos α2
Tension in steel below NA , T = 2r2 z m. c' {sinα2 - α2 cosα2 } = 29978.00 c'

R+r cos α2
Moment of tension in steel, M3 = 2r3 z m . c' { α2/2 -sin2α2 /4 } = 10569359.12 c'

R+r cos α2
Condition (i) C1+C2-T = P, Vertical load
C1+C2 -T = 349530.99 c'
c' = P/(C1+C2-T) = 8.11 N/mm2
Condition (ii) M1+M2+M3 = M , External moment
M1+M2+M3 = 181837773.89 c'
c'= M/(M1+M2+M3) = 8.11 N/mm2
Since c' in both the conditions is nearly equal
Stress in conctrete, c'= 0.5x(8.106+8.105)= 8.11 N/mm2 < 10.000 SAFE
Stress in steel, t = mc'(d-n)/n = 82.69 N/mm2 < 200 SAFE

TWO SPAN LOADED CONDITION
Direct stress = 1.61 N/mm2
Bending stress = 3.94 N/mm2
Maximum stress in concrete = 5.55 N/mm2
Minimum stress in concrete = -2.33 N/mm2
Permissible stresses M 30 grade concrete
Provide steel at 0.800 %of the Cross sectional area of the column
Clear cover to the reinforcement is 62.5 mm
Spacing of ties

Gross area of column = 1767145.87 mm2
Area of steel provided ,Ast = 14137 mm2
Core dia of the column, d' = 1375 mm
Thickness of equivalent steel shell , Z = Ast/ π d' = 3.27 mm
Eccentricity , e = M/P = 459.33 mm
Effective diameter of the column , d = 1500-50-25*0.5 = 1437.50 mm
Assme N A factor , k = 0.691
Core radius r = 687.50 mm
α1 = COS-1(n/R-1) = = 1.24 radians
Sin α1= 0.95 Sin α2= 0.94 COSα1= 0.32
Sin 2α1= 0.61 Sin 2α2= 0.66 COSα2= 0.35
Sin 4α1= -0.97

Compression in concrete , C1 = 459238.74 c'
Moment of Compression in concrete, M1 = 190386791.62 c'
Compression in steel , C2 = 70575.71 c'
Moment of Compression in steel , M2 = 33924361.18 c'
Tension in steel below NA , T = 20960.86 c'
Moment of tension in steel, M3 = 9422511.09 c'
C1+C2 -T = 508853.59 c'
c' = P/(C1+C2-T) 5.59 N/mm2
M1+M2+M3 = 233733664 c'
c'= M/(M1+M2+M3) 5.59 N/mm2
Stress in conctrete, c'= 5.59 N/mm2 < 10.000 SAFE
Stress in steel, t = 25.06 N/mm2 < 200 SAFE
SINGLE SPAN LOADED CONDITION WITH WIND FORCES
Total vertical load , P= 2833.25 = 2833.25 kN
Lomgitudinal moment = 1422.47 = 1422.47 kN-m
Transverse moment = 1277.74 = 1277.74 kN-m
Resultant moment = SQRT(1422.467^2+1277.744^2) = 1912.08
Direct stress = 2833.253x1000/(1.767x1000^2) 1.60 N/mm2
Bending stress = 1912.078x10^6x0.5x1500/(0.249x1000^4) 5.76 N/mm2
Maximum stress in concrete = 1.603+5.759 7.36 N/mm2
Minimum stress in concrete = 1.603-5.759 -4.16 N/mm2
Permissible stresses with 33% increase M 30 grade concrete
Clear cover to the reinforcement is 50 mm
Spacing of ties

α1 = COS-1(n/R-1) = = 1.68 radians
Sin α1= 0.99 Sin α2= 0.99 COSα1= -0.11
Sin 2α1= -0.21 Sin 2α2= -0.23 COSα2= -0.12
Sin 4α1= 0.41
C1+C2 -T = 311872.97 c'
c' = P/(C1+C2-T) 9.08 N/mm2
M1+M2+M3 = 210473421.00 c'
c'= M/(M1+M2+M3) 9.08 N/mm2

TWO SPAN LOADED CONDITION WITH WIND FORCES
Lomgitudinal moment = 1252.63 = 1252.63 kN-m
Transverse moment = 1265.90 = 1265.90 kN-m
Resultant moment = 1780.89
Provide 25 mm dia 29 Nos
Spacing of ties

α1 = COS-1(n/R-1) = = 1.64 radians

Sin α1= 1.00 Sin α2= 1.00 COSα1= -0.07
Sin 2α1= -0.14 Sin 2α2= -0.16 COSα2= -0.08
Sin 4α1= 0.28
Modular ratio , m = 10 mc = 15
C1+C2 -T = 341111.23 c'
c' = P/(C1+C2-T) 8.34 N/mm2
M1+M2+M3 = 213448201.5 c'
c'= M/(M1+M2+M3) 8.34 N/mm2
SINGLE SPAN LOADED CONDITION WITH SESIMIC FORCES
Lomgitudinal moment = COS-1(n/R-1) = = 1916.19 kN-m
Transverse moment = COS-1(R/r COS α1) = 385.74 kN-m
Resultant moment = SQRT(1916.193^2+385.744^2) = 1954.63
Direct stress = 2833.253x1000/(1.767x1000^2) 1.60 N/mm2
Bending stress = 1954.634x10^6x0.5x1500/(0.249x1000^4) 5.89 N/mm2
Maximum stress in concrete = 1.603+5.887 7.49 N/mm2
Minimum stress in concrete = 1.603-5.887 -4.28 N/mm2
Spacing of ties

α1 = COS-1(n/R-1) = = 1.69 radians
Sin α1= 0.99 Sin α2= 0.99 COSα1= -0.11
Sin 2α1= -0.23 Sin 2α2= -0.25 COSα2= -0.13
Sin 4α1= 0.44
C1+C2 -T = 303973.94 c'
c' = P/(C1+C2-T) 9.32 N/mm2
M1+M2+M3 = 209706815.30 c'
c'= M/(M1+M2+M3) 9.32 N/mm2
TWO SPAN LOADED CONDITION WITH WIND FORCES
Total vertical load , P= = 2845.97 kN
Lomgitudinal moment = = 1252.63 kN-m
Transverse moment = = 1647.82 kN-m
Resultant moment = 2069.88

Provide 25 mm dia 29 Nos
Spacing of ties

α1 = COS-1(n/R-1) = = 1.70 radians
Sin α1= 0.99 Sin α2= 0.99 COSα1= -0.13
Sin 2α1= -0.26 Sin 2α2= -0.29 COSα2= -0.15
Sin 4α1= 0.51
Modular ratio , m = 10 mc = 15
C1+C2 -T = 286046.38 c'
c' = P/(C1+C2-T) 9.95 N/mm2
M1+M2+M3 = 208022281.4 c'
c'= M/(M1+M2+M3) 9.95 N/mm2


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P I E R D E S I G N ROB @ LC N0.

3.50 3.50 2.25

1.500 Ground Level 99.540

2.50 Footing 96.150 m

Superstructure and Loadings & Type of Substructure :-

Type of Bearings :- Elastomeric Bearings designed as per IRC.

Expansion Joint 80 mm Strip seal Expansion Joints.

Calculation of Vertical Loads from Superstructure :-

C/C. of Bearings with end distance 0.600 m. Span-1 = 36.000 m

Height of Crash Barrier = 2.025 m

The Superstructure loads (Dead + Live )

FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE (LEFT SIDE) 37.20m

Dead Superimposed Total

Total 2413 0.0 0.0 2413.3 0.0

For one span = 241.3 + 0.0 = 241.3 Say 250 t ;

dead loads with SIDL = 254.6 t ;

FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE (RIGHT SIDE) 16.56 m

Dead Superimposed Total

Total 1668 0.0 0.0 1668.0 0.0

For one span = 170.0 + 0.0 = 170.0 Say 175 t ;

dead loads with SIDL = 425.0 t ;

Caping Beam. 1.200

0.250 2.000 0.25

Weight of Top Rectangular portion Deep = 1.200 m

Hence the weight of caping beam = 82.94 + 0.00 = 82.94 t

DEAD WEIGHT OF PIER :- Size of Pier = 1.500 m. Diameter.

Top of bed block 105.178 m ; Bottom of Pier = 98.650 m ;

Height of Pier 103.98 - 98.650 = 5.328 m

Area of Pier p / 4 x 1.500 ^2 = 1.768 m2

For 3 Nos. = 3 x 23.83 = 71.49 t.

1.370 3.050 1.370 2.130 1.520 3.960 23.200

C.G. of Loads =17 ( 1.37 + 4.42 + 5.79) + 12 ( 7.92 + 9.44 ) + 8 x 13.4

0.6 4.624 m 31.98 m 0.6

Maximum reaction without Impact 100 x 31.976 = 86.70 t

0.6 1.200 34.800 m 0.6

Maximum Reaction without Impact 70 x 35.400 = 67.67 t

III IV V VI VII VIII

1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 28.10

0.6 36 m c/c. 0.6

C.G. of Loads =11.4x(1.20+5.5) + 6.8 x ( 8.5+11.5+14.5 )

0.6 4.940 m 31.06 m 0.6

Maximum reaction without Impact 50 x 31.66 = 43.97 t

600 36000 500 40 280 16000 280

Reaction on pier from LHS = (8x(27.02) + 12x(30.98+32.5)+17x(34.63+36))/36 60.36t

Reaction on pier from RHS = 17x(13.98+15.35)/16 = 28.19t

1) Along longitudinal direction = (60.36 - 28.19)x1.2 = 39 t- m

2) Along transverse direction =

( 88.55 )x 1.155 = 102.28 t-m towards footpath

Braking force on pier from RHS = 34x0.2 = 6.8t

Impact = 4.5/(6+42.6) 0.0745 Reaction on pier = 10.0 t

LIVE LOAD REACTIONS WITH IMPACT: for L = 36.000 m Spans.

Hence Total L. L. Reaction for 70-R = 86.70 + 0.00 = 86.70 t

Hence Total L. L. Reaction for 70-R = 97.24 + 0.00 = 97.24 t

Live Load Eccentricity :-

Transverse Eccentricity across traffic = ET (LL) = 1.155 m

Transverse Eccentricity across traffic = ET =(FPLL 4.725 m

Max. Moments due to L.L.Eccentricities :-

Along the pier

Moment at bearing level 20 x ( 1.200 + 2.613 ) = 66.9 tm

Additional Vertical Reaction on Columns.

Reaction on each bearing = 66.9 = 0.31 t

DL FROM SS 1389.8 1389.8 1389.8 DL FROM SS 1389.8 1389.8 1389.8

SIDL (FP LL) 0 0 0 SIDL (FP LL) 0 0 0