Sequential Batch Reactor

Cyclic Activated Sludge Process

SBR
SBR Plant
SBR changed the outlook
 Safeguarding the Environment is the primary Objective
 Nutrient Removal( Nitrogen & Phosphorous) is a must
along with Lowest achievable BOD/COD/TSS.
 Saving and conservation of Drinking water is required
 Savings on Operating Cost and Land is most important.
 Technologies requiring Less manpower and with
Remote operations are preferred
 Reuse and Recycle of Treated Wastewater is the most
important
 Revenue Generation from Recycle of Treated
wastewater is important
 Investment is analyzed for Life Cycle cost and not
Capital cost only.
SBR Social and National Benefits
Benefits of SBR
 The Treated Sewage from SBR can be Reused for
Industrial, Agricultural or Domestic purpose. This
Conserves Water which, today, is the most
Valuable National Resource.

 It saves Land the Second most Valuable National

Resource

 It Saves Power the Third most Valuable National

Resource

 It Safeguards our Environment…. For our Future

Generations
SBR Technology
 SBR
Achieves high quality at low cost
Parameter SBR Conventional
BOD < 5 ppm < 30 ppm

COD < 30 ppm < 250 ppm

Suspended solids < 10 ppm < 100 ppm

Ammonia < 1 ppm < 15 ppm

Total Phosphorous < 1 ppm < 10 ppm

 SBR
Achieves high quality at low cost
Parameter SBR Conventional
BOD < 5 ppm Ideal for reuse for
Industrial or
COD < 30 ppm agricultural
Suspended solids < 10 ppm Purposes or
discharge in water
Ammonia < 1 ppm bodies

Total Phosphorous < 1 ppm

SBR system
• An Aerobic biological process where aeration,
settling and decanting happens in a single
tank.

• SBR is a batch process, which eliminates the

inefficiencies of continuous systems like
Activated Sludge Process, Extended Aeration
etc.

• Automatic monitoring and control of all

system variables
SBR components
• Biological Selector zone
• Diffusers, Blowers and Aeration grid
• Decanter assembly in Stainless steel
• Oxygen Uptake Rate control “OUR”
• Co Current Nitrification and De-
nitrification
• Biological Phosphorous removal
• Pumps sludge recycle and wasting
• PLC unit for complete automatic cycle
control and operation
C Tech Components...

Aeration
zone
Aeration
zone

Selector

Typical 2 Basin system

 System Schematics
DECANTER SELECTOR

INLET

OUTLET

DIFFUSER BIOMASS SLUDGE PUMP

SBR Basin
 System Schematics …
Inlet
start

B
Inlet
end

Outlet
end

B B

Outlet
start

B B
 System Schematics …

Basin - 1 Aeration Settling Decanting

Basin - 2 Decanting Aeration Settling

Basin - 3 Settling Decanting Aeration

Basin - 4 Aeration Settling Decanting Aeration

Operating sequence of a 4 Basin system

 Basin Filling and Aeration
Step – 1 :
Fill/Aeration

Step – 2 : Aeration
Settling

Step – 3 : Settling
Clear water at top after settling
 Decanting

Decanter Step – 4 : Decanting

Thus treating raw wastewater…

… into clear water for recycle

 The Selector
• Raw effluent enters Selector zone and mixes
with Return sludge
• Anoxic conditions are maintained
• Readily degradable soluble organic fraction of
the waste water is rapidly removed by
enzymatic transfer mechanisms.
• These soluble organics are quickly transformed
to intracellular storage products
• Microorganisms exposed to high BOD and Low
DO conditions
 The Selector
• Natural selection of predominantly floc forming
Bacteria occurs
• Problems of Bulking and Sludge foaming
eliminated
• Effective containment of Nocardia, Microthrix
Parvicella etc., which often cause foaming
• SVI less than 120 achieved consistently.
 Value, ml/g

20
140

40
120
160
200

100

0
60
180

80
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
61
66
71
76
81
86
91
96
101
106
111
116
121

Days
126
131
136
141
146
151
156
161
SLUDGE VOLUME INDEX

166
171
176
181
186
191
196
Sludge characteristics

201
206
211
216
221
226
231
236
241
SVI
Cocurrent NitrificationDenitrification
• Ammonia converted to Nitrates in the Aeration
basin.
• Denitrification of recycled effluent occurs in the
selector basin
• Denitrification occurs concurrently in the
aeration tank during the settling / decant phase
• Nitrogen stripped off during subsequent
aeration cycle. Nitrification
De-nitrification
Biological Phosphorous Removal
• During settlement and decant the biomass
oxidation reduction potential depletes from a
positive value of around +50 to +100 mV to a
negative value of around –150 to – 200 mV.

• This environment aids the biological phosphorus

uptake mechanism.

• During decantation, all phosphorus that is released

to the liquid phase is totally absorbed within the
bio-solids layer.
Biological Phosphorous Removal
• The Selector assists with the Phosphorous removal.
Using 3 to 6 hr cycles and re-circulating activated
sludge to this zone exposes the biomass to
appropriate reaction conditions for Phosphorous
removal.
 Oxygen Uptake Rate control

• Online measurement of DO in the Basin to

measure oxygen utilisation rate
• Predictive calculations of Biological metabolic
activity by the PLC
• Automatic and dynamic control of aeration
time and intensity by the PLC based on the
existing metabolic activity.
 Oxygen Uptake Rate control
➢ Speed of the Blower is controlled through Variable
Frequency Drive (VFD) – Saving power cost
➢ Significant energy saving is realised

➢ The DO concentration profile is automatically ramped

to operate at slightly higher DO concentrations at the
end of the cycle. This feature prevents low DO type
filaments from proliferating.
Dynamics of OUR and COD-loads
1.200 25

COD
1.000 ffc-OUR
20

800
[kgCOD/2hrs]

OUR [mg/l.h]
15

600

10
400

5
200

0 0
25.6 26.6 26.6 26.6 26.6 27.6 27.6 27.6 27.6 28.6 28.6
 SBR Applications
SBR is ideal for any waste requiring Biological Treatment. I
can be used to for :
 Municipal Sewage Treatment.
 Common Effluent Treatment Plants
 Petrochemicals and Refineries
 Food Industry
 Chemical Industry
 Beverages and Breweries
 Pesticides
 Pharmaceutical Effluents
 Textile Effluents
SBR Advantages
1. Variable Design
2. Excellent Performance including N, P Removal
3. 50% Savings in Power requirement
4. 50% Savings in Land Requirements
5. Easy to construct and operate. Less time
required to build the Plant.
6. Fully Automatic computer controlled
7. All Under water Stainless Steel Components
8. Easy to augment
Variable Design
ADVATAGES OF VARIABLE DESIGN
• Can handle hydraulic load variations from 0 to
250%
• Can operate at low organic loadings of 30% of
design loads without compromising on
performance
• Power cost is proportional to the organic load
applied
 HANDLING DAILY FLOW VARIATIONS IN SBR
250

200
% Design Flow

150

Inlet flow
100
Outlet flow

50

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Hrs
 DESIGN vs. ACTUAL BOD LOAD & POWER CONSUMPTION
30000

25000

20000
Design BOD load, kg BOD
Values

15000 Actual BOD load, kg BOD

Design power consumption, kWh
10000 Actual power consumption, kWh

5000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION IN SBR PLANT AT 25 MLD,
KHARGHAR
0.16

0.14
kWh/m3 of Treated Sewage

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Days
 50 % Savings in Land
Requirements, Civil cost and
construction time
 RAW SEWAGE
SUMP
AND
PUMP HOUSE

PRIMARY CLARIFIER
SECONDARY CLARIFIER

AERATION TANK

GRIT REACTORS
INLET
SCREENS REMOVAL
CHAMBER
TANKS

PRIMARY CLARIFIER
SECONDARY CLARIFIER

SLUDGE
RECIRCULATION
SUMP AND
PUMP HOUSE
SLUDGE DIGESTOR THICKNER
HANDLING
SYSTEM
RAW EFFLUENT SUMP
AND
PUMP HOUSE

SBR REACTORS

DECANTERS
GRIT
INLET
SCREENS REMOVAL
CHAMBER
TANKS

FINAL DISCHARGE
RAS/SAS PUMPS

SLUDGE HANDLING
SELECTORS SYSTEM
RAW SEWAGE SUMP
AND
PUMP HOUSE

ADDITIONAL TANK

GRIT
INLET
SCREENS REMOVAL SBR REACTORS
CHAMBER
TANKS

SLUDGE HANDLING
SYSTEM
Fully Automatic PLC operated
…Fully automatic operation`
• Plant operation is fully automatic through PLC &
SCADA
• All important plant data is logged and stored to
trace history !!
• Instantaneous and continuous analysis of
parameters like Flow, pH, TSS, COD, MLSS, NH4-
N,PO4,DO etc
• Plant performance independent of operator
capability
REMOTE MONITORING OF PLANT
• Plant can be monitored from any location
worldwide through internet connectivity !!
• Plant MIMIC can be viewed online with present
status of plant operation
• Historic data of plant with trends can be viewed
online
• SMS alerts on plant operation & maintenance
• Online daily/ weekly/ monthly reporting
Stainless steel components

 Complete Decanting device in stainless steel

 No impact of high TDS waters

 No corrosion

 No maintenance

 Minimum 30 years equipment life

Operational simplicity of SBR

SBR

Conventional
 Advantages of SBR
 It’s an intelligent plant … treats what it gets and
how much it gets
 Consistent outlet characteristics … does not
depend on inlet quality
 Requires no chemicals … fully biological and
eco friendly process
 Very easy to augment…. Just add one tank to
double the capacity of the plant
 Advantages of SBR
 Fully automatic plant… does not depend on
operator capability
 Can handle variations in flow and BOD/COD
from 0 to 250 %
 Design parameters can be changed any number
of times
 Latest state of art technology using computer
removes all inefficiencies of conventional
process
 Thank you

Trushit Desai
geostone.corp@gmail.com
March, 2016