MATHEMATICAL REASONING 1

EXERCISE 1
1. Which of the following is not a statement ?
(A) Smoking is injurious to health (B) 2 + 2 = 4
(C) 2 is the only even prime number (D) come here

2. The contrapositive of the statement.

“If 7 is greater than 5, then 8 is greater than 6” is
(A) If 8 is greater than 6, then 7 is greater than 5
(B) If 8 is not greater than 6, then 7 is greater than 5
(C) If 8 is not greater than 6, then 7 is not greater than 5
(D) If 8 is greater than 6, then 7 is not greater than 5

3. Let R be the set of real numbers and x  R. Then,

x + 3 = 8 is.
(A) open statement (B) a true statement
(C) false statement (D) None of these

4. The negation of the “statement, if a quadrilateral is a square, then it is a rhombus” is.

(A) If a quadrilateral is not a square, then it is a rhombus
(B) If a quadrilateral is a square, then it is not a rhombus
(C) a quadrilateral is a square and it is not a rhombus
(D) a quadrilateral is not a square and it is a rhombus.

5. In the truth table for the statement (~p  ~ q) ^ (~q  ~p), the last column has the truth value in the following order
(A) TTTF (B) FTTF (C) TFFT (D) TTTT

6. If p, q and r are simple propositions with truth value true, false and true respectively, then the truth value of
((~ p  q)  ~ r)  p
(A) true (B) false (C) true, if r is false (D) true, if q is true

7. The false statement in the following is

(A) p  (~ p) is contradiction (B) (p  q)  (~ q  ~ p) is a contradiction
(C) ~ (~p)  p is a tautology (D) p  (~ p)  is a tautology

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MATHEMATICAL REASONING 2
8. If p and q are two statements such that
p : the questions paper is easy
q : we shall pass,
Then the symbolic statement ~ p  ~ q means
(A) If the question paper is easy, then we shall pass
(B) If the question paper is not easy, then we shall not pass
(C) the question paper is easy and we shall pass
(D) The question paper is easy or we shall pass

9. For the following three statements

p : 2 is an even number
q : 2 is a prime number.
r : Sum of two prime numbers is always even, then the symbolic statement (p  q)  ~ r means.
(A) 2 is an even and prime number and the sum of two prime numbers is always even
(B) 2 is an even and prime number and the sum of two prime numbers is not always even
(C) 2 is an even and prime number, then the sum of two prime numbers is not always even
(D) 2 is an even and prime number, then the sum of two prime numbers is always even

10. For two statement p and q

p : A quadrilateral is a parallelogram,
q : The opposite sides are parallel.
Then, the compound proposition, “A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if and only if the opposite sides are parallel” is
represented by
(A) p q (B) p  q (C) p  q (D) p  q

11. If p, q, r and s are four simple statements, such as

p : The school bus will come
q : I go to school
r : I shall meet my friends
s : I shall go out for a movie,
then the compound statement, “If the school bus does not come or I will not go to school, then I shall meet my friend
and go out for a movie.” is represented by
(A) ~ (p  q)  (r  s ) (B) ~ (p  ~ q)  (r  s ) (C) ~ (p  q)  (r  s ) (D) None of these

12. Which of the following is true for the statements p and q ?

(A) p ^ q is true when atleast one of p and q is true

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MATHEMATICAL REASONING 3
(B) p  q is true when p is true and q is false
(C) p  q is true only when both p and q are true
(D) ~ ( p  q) is false only when both p and q are false

13. If p  (q  r) is false, then the truth values of p, q, r are respectively,,

(A) T, F, F (B) F, F, F (C) F, T, T (D) T, T, F

14. Negation of the statement p  (q ^ r) is

(A) ~ p  ~ (q  r ) (B) ~ p  ~ (q ^ r ) (C) (q ^ r)  p (D) p ^ (~ q  ~ r )

15. The statement (~ p ^ q )  ~ q is.

(A) p  q (B) p  q (C) ~ (p  q) (D) ~ ( p  q )

16. Let truth values of p be F and q be T. then, truth value of ~ (~ p  q ) is.

(A) T (B) F (C) either T or F (D) neither T nor F

17. Which of the following is always true ?

(A) (p  q)  ~ q  ~ p (B) ~(p  q)  ~ p  ~ q (C) ~(p  q)  p  ~ q (D) ~ (p  q)  ~ p  ~ q
18. If p  (q  r) is false, then the truth values of p, q and r are respectively.
(A) TFF (B) FFF (C) FTT (D) TTF

19. The logically equivalent proposition of p  q is

(A) (p  q)  ( p  q) (B) (p  q)  (q  p) (C) (p  q)  ( q  p) (D) (p  q)  ( p  q)

20. The statement p  (q  p) is equivalent to

(A) p  (p  q) (B) p  (p  q) (C) p  (p  q) (D) p  (p  q)

21. If p and q are simple propositions, the p  ~ q is true when

(A) both p and q are true (B) both p and q are false
(C) p is false and q is true (D) None of these

22. Which of the following is logically equivalent to ~ (~ p  q)?

(A) p  q (B) p  ~ q (C) ~ p  q (D) ~ p  ~q

23. ~ (p  q )  (~ p  q) is logically equivalent to

(A) ~ p (B) p (C) q (D) ~ q

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MATHEMATICAL REASONING 4

24. Negation of the statement (p  r)  (r  q) is

(A) ~ (p  r)  ~ (r  q) (B) (~p  ~ r)  (r  q) (C) (p  r)  (r  q) (D) (p  r)  (~ r  ~q)

25. Which of the following is equivalent to (p  q) ?

(A) p  ~ q (B) ~ ( ~ p  ~ q) (C) ~ ( p  ~ q) (D) None of these

26. If the compound statement p  (~ p  q) is false, then the truth value of p and q are respectively.
(A) T, T, (B) T, F (C) F, T (D) F, F

27. Which of the following is always true ?

(A) (~ p  ~ q)  (p  q) (B) (p  q)  (~ q  ~ p)
(C) ~ (p  ~ q)  (p  ~ q) (D) ~ (p  q)  (p  q)  (q  p)

28. The negation of the compound statemetn (p  q)  r is.

(A) (~ p  ~ q)  ~ r (B) (~ p  ~ q)  ~ r (C) ~ (p  q)  r (D) p  q

29. The negation of (~ p  q)  (p  ~ q) is

(A) (p  ~ q)  ( ~ p  q) (B) (p  ~ q)  ( ~ p  q)
(C) (p  ~ q)  ( ~ p  q) (D) (p  ~ q)  ( p  ~ q)

30. If p and q are two statements, then statement p  q  ~ q is

(A) tautology (B) contradiction
(C) neither tautology nor contradiction (D) None of the above

31. Let p and q be two statements, then (p  q)  ~ p is

(A) tautology (B) contradiction (C) both (a) and (b) (D) None of these

32. The statement p  ~ p is

(A) tautology (B) contradiction
(C) neither a tautology nor a contradiction (D) None of the above

33. The proposition ~ ( p  q)  (~ p  ~ q) is

(A) a tautology (B) a contradiction (C) either (a) or (b) (D) neither (a) nor (b)

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MATHEMATICAL REASONING 5
34. The negation of the compound proposition is p  (~ p  q)
(A) (p  ~ q)  ~ p (B) (p  ~ q)  ~ p (C) (p  ~ q)  ~ p (D) None of these

35. If p and q are two statements, then ~ (p  q)  ~ (q  p) is

(A) tautology (B) contradiction
(C) neither tautology nor contradiction (D) either tautology or contradiction

36. Let p and q be two statements. Then,

(~ p  q)  (~ p  ~ q) is a
(A) tautology (B) contradiction
(C) neither tatutology nor contradiction (D) both tautology and contradiction

37. If p and q are two statements, then

(p  q)  (~ q  ~ p)is a
(A) contradiction (B) tautology
(C) neither (a) nor (b) (D) None of these

38. The proposition S : (p  q)  (~ p  q) is.

(A) a tautology (B) a contradiction (C) either (a) or (b) (D) neither (a) nor (b)

39. The false statement in the following is

(A) p  (~ p) is a contradiction (B) ( p  q )  (~q  ~ p) is acontradiction
(C) ~ ( ~p)  p is a tautology (D) p  (~ p) is a tautology

40. (p  ~ q )  ( ~ p  q ) is
(A) a tautology (B) a contradiction
(C) both a tautology and a contradiction (D) neither a tautology nor a contradiction

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MATHEMATICAL REASONING 6

EXERCISE 2
1. Statement (p ~ q) (~ p q ) is
(A) A tautology
(B) a contradiction
(C) both a tautology and a contradiction
(D) neither a tautology nor a contradiction

2. Which of the following is wrong statement ?

(A) p  q is logically equivalent to ~ p q
(B) if the truth values of p,q,r are T.F.T respectively, then the truth value of (p q)  ( q r) is T
(C) ~ (q q r)  ~ p ~ q ~ r
(D) The truth value of p ~ (p q) is always T

3. Which of the following statement is a contradiction ?

(A) (~ p ~ q) (p ~ q) (B) (p  q) (p ~ q)
(C) (~ p q) (~ q) (D) (~ p q) (~q)

4. Which of the following is wrong ?

(A) p ~ p is a tautology (B) ~ ( ~ p)  p is a tautology
(C) p ~ p is a contradiction (D) ((p q) q) p is a tautology

5. If p, q and r are simple propositions, then (p q)  (q r) is true , then

(A) p,q and r are true (B) p,q are true and r is false
(C) p is true and q, r are false (D) p, q and r are false

6. If (p – r) ( q r) is false , then p is

(A) True (B) False (C) May be true and false (D) None of these

More Than one Correct Option

7. If p and q are simple proposition, then (~ p q) (~ q p) is false when p and q are respectively
(A) T, T (B) T, F (C) F, F (D) F, T

8. If p,q and r are simple proposition, then (~ p q) r is true, when p,q and r are respectively
(A) T, F, T (B) T, T, T (C) T, F, F (D) F, F, F

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MATHEMATICAL REASONING 7
9. Which of the following sentences is /are not statements?
(A) There are 35 days in a month
(B) Mathematics is difficult
(C) The square of a number is an even number
(D) The side of a quadrilateral have equal length

Comprehension Based Questions Passage

q p ~q ~p p q ~ p  ~ q ~ (~ p q)
F T T F F F T
T T F F F T F
F F T T F T F
T F F T F T F

On the basis of the above table, solve the following questions

10. The statement ~ (~ p ~ q) is
(A) tautology (B) contradiction
(C) contigency (D) none of these

11. If ~ (p q) is false, then corresponding values of p and q are , respectively

(A) T, T (B) T, F (C) F, T (D) None of these

Assertion and Reason

Directions (Q.Nos. 12-21) Each of these questions contans two statements : statement I (Assertion) and
Statement II (Reason) Each of these questions also has four alternatite choice, only one of which is the correct
answer. You has to select one of the codes (A), (B), (C), (D) given below.
(A) Statement I is true, Statement II is true ; Statement II is a correct explanation for Statement I
(B) Statement I is true, Statement II is true ; is true ; Statement II is not a correct explanation ofr Statement I.
(C) Statement I true,. Statement II is false
(D) Statement I is false, Statement II is true

12. Statement I The statement [p (p q] q is a tautology.

Statement II If all truth values of a statement is true then the statement is a tautology.

13. Let p : Ice is cold and q : blood is green be two statements , then
Statement I p q : Ice is cold or blood is green
Statement II p q ; Ice is not cold or blood is green

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MATHEMATICAL REASONING 8
14. Let S : ~ (p q) ~ (q p)
Statement : I The statement S is logically equivalent to (p q)
Statement : II The logically equivalent proposition of p q is (p q) ~ (q  p )

15. If p q be any conditional statement

Statement : I The converse of p q is the statement q p.
Statement : II The inverse of p  q is the statement ~q ~ p.

16. Suppose p, q and r be any three statements

Statement I The statement p (q r) is a tautology.
Statement II (p q) r and p (q r) are identical

17. Let p be the statement , “Mr A passed the examination”,q be the statement, Mr A is sad” and r be the statement “ It
is not true that Mr A passed therefore he is sad.”
Statement I r p q
Statement II The logical equivalent of p q is ~ p q.

18. Statement I ~ ( p ~ q) is equivalent to p q

Statement II ~ (p ~ q) is a taugology

19. Statement I ~ (A ~ ) is equivalent to A B.

Statement II A (~ (A ~ B)) a tautology

20. Consider
Statement I (p ~ q) (~ p q) is a fallacy
Statement II (p  q) (~ q ~ p) is a tautology.

21. Let p be the statement ‘x is an irrational number’, q be the statement ‘y is a transcendental number’ and r be the
statement ‘x is a rational number iff y is a transcendental number’.
Statement I r is equivalent to either q or p.
Statement II r is equivalent to ~ (p ~ p).

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MATHEMATICAL REASONING 9

EXERCISE 3 (Previous Years)

1. Let p be the statement ''x is an irrational number'' q be the statement ''y is a transcendental number'', and r be the
statement ''x is a rational number iff y is a transcendental number.
Statement –1 r is equivalent to either q or p
Statement –2: r is equivalent to ~ (p ~ q).
(A) Statement –1 is false, Statement –2 is true
(B) Statement –1 is true, Statement –2 is true, Statement –2 is a correct explanation for Statement –1
(C) Statement –1 is true, Statement –2 is true; Statement –2 is not a correct explanation forStatement –1.
(D) Statement – 1 is true, Statement – 2 is false. [AIEEE 2008]
2. The statement p  (q  p) is equivalent to
(A) p  (p q) (B) p (p  q) (C) p  (p  q) (D) p  (p  q) [AIEEE 2008]
3. Statement 1: ~ (p « ~ q) is equivalent to p « q
Statement 2 : ~ (p « ~ q) is a tautology
(A) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true, Statement–2 is a correct explanation forstatement–1
(B) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true; Statement–2 is not a correct explanation for statement–1.
(C) Statement–1 is true, statement–2 is false.
(D) Statement–1 is false, Statement–2 is true [AIEEE 2009]
4. Let S be a non-empty subset of R. Consider the following statement:
P: There is a rational number  S such that x > 0.
Which of the following statements is the negation of the statement P ?
(A) There is no rational number x S such that x  0
(B) Every rational number x S satisfies x  0
(C) x  S and x  0  x is not rational
(D) There is a rational number x  S such that x > 0 [AIEEE 2010]
5. Consider the following statements
P : Suman is brilliant
Q : Suman is rich
R : Suman is honest
The negation of the statement “Suman is brilliant and dishonest if and only if Suman is rich” can be expressed as

(A) ~  Q   P ^ ~ R   (B) ~ Q  ~ P ^ R

(C) ~  P ^ ~ R   Q (D) ~ P ^  Q ~ R  [AIEEE 2011]

6. The only statement among the following that is a tautology is [AIEEE 2011]
(A) B  [A (A  B)]
(B) A  (A B)
(C) A (A B)
(D) [A (A B)] B

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7. The negation of the statement “If I become a teacher, then I will open a school” is
(A) I will become a teacher and I will not open a school
(B) Either I will not become a teacher or I will not open a school
(C) Neither I will become a teacher nor I will open a school
(D) I will not become a teacher or I will open a school [AIEEE 2012]
8. Consider :
Statement - I : (p  ~ q)  (~ p  q) is a fallacy.
Statement - II : (p  q)  (~ q  ~ p) is a tautology.
(A) Statement - I is True; Statement -II is true; Statement-II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I
(B) Statement -I is True; Statement -II is False.
(C) Statement -I is False; Statement -II is True
(D) Statement -I is True; Statement -II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
[JEE MAIN 2013]
9. The statement ~ (p ~q) is :
(A) equivalent to p  q (B) equivalent to ~p  q (C) a tautology (D) a fallacy
[JEE MAIN 2014]
10. The negation of ~ s v(~ r ^ s) is equivalent to :
(A) s v (r v ~ s) (B) s ^ r (C) s ^ ~ r (D) s ^ (r ^ ~ s)
[JEE MAIN 2015]
11. The Boolean Expression (p~q)q(~pq) is equivalent to :
(A) p~q (B) ~ p q (C) p q (D) p q [JEE MAIN 2016]
12. The following statement (p  q) [(~p  q)  q] is :
(A) a tauology (B) equivalent to ~p  q
(C) equivalent to p  ~q (D) a fallacy
[JEE MAIN 2017]
13. The Boolean Expression
~ (p q)  (~p q) is equivalent to
(A) ~ p (B) ~ q (C) p (D) q
[JEE MAIN 2018]

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MATHEMATICAL REASONING 11

ANSWER KEY

EXERCISE–I

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (A)

7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (D) 11. (A) 12. (D)
13. (A) 14. (D) 15. (D) 16. (B) 17. (C) 18. (A)
19. (B) 20. (B) 21. (C) 22. (D) 23. (A) 24. (D)
25. (B) 26. (B) 27. (B) 28. (B) 29. (B) 30. (C)
31. (A) 32. (A) 33. (A) 34. (A) 35. (C) 36. (C)
37. (B) 38. (A) 39. (D) 40. (C)

EXERCISE–II

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (A) 6. (A)

7. (A,B,C) 8. (A,B) 9. (B,C,D) 10. (C) 11. (A) 12. (A)
13. (C) 14. (A) 15. (C) 16. (D) 17. (D) 18. (B)
19. (B) 20. (B) 21. (D)

EXERCISE–III

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (D)

7. (A) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (B) 11. (D) 12. (A)
13. (A)

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