KHARAR LOCAL PLANNING AREA

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MASTER PLAN REPORT
11 A
Apprriill 22001100
 PREFACE

On the 22nd June 2007, the Greater Mohali Area Development Authority (GMADA)
appointed JURONG Consultants Pte Ltd to complete a comprehensive Integrated Master
Plan for its six Local Planning Areas (LPAs): Banur, Dera Bassi, Kharar, Mullanpur, S.A.S
Nagar and Zirakpur. This project has involved the co-operation of several agencies namely
the Punjab Urban Development Authority (PUDA), the Centre for Computational Engineering
(CEC) at the Punjab Engineering College (PEC) and GMADA.

JURONG Consultants would like to thank the following people for their unwavering support
and assistance in making this Report possible:
Secretary, Housing and Urban Development Dr Sukhbir Singh Sandhu, IAS VC (GMADA)
Chief Administrator (GMADA) Mr Vivek Pratap Singh, IAS
Managing Director, PIDB Dr. Sukhbir Singh Sandhu, IAS
Chief Town Planner (Punjab) Mr Kuldeep Singh
District Town Planner (SAS Nagar) Mr Gupreet Singh
District Town Planner Mr Pankaj Bawa
Manager, Centre for Computational Ms Sandeep
Engineering, Punjab Engineering College
(PEC)

The co-operation of the following authorities and public agencies in Punjab are also
acknowledged:
• Punjab Infrastructure Development Board (PIDB)
• Government of Punjab – Department of Forests & Wildlife Preservation
• The Louis Berger Group, Inc
We also wish to thank all those who have contributed in one way or another to this Report,
particularly to the officers from PUDA who have kindly accompanied us during the field trips.
There are many individuals who have contributed to the report and thus, the above
mentioned list is not exhaustive. We regret if we have inadvertently missed anyone in the list
above. This master planning exercise reflects the commitment and dedication of various
agencies to the project.
This Report is accompanied by supporting Plans in A1 Size.

Note: In the event of conflict in interpretation of data within the study area, the information in
the GIS format will be deemed as accurate version and shall prevail.

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 INTRODUCTION
This report presents the third part of the consultancy
work entitled ‘Integrated master planning for Greater
Mohali Area’. The report documents the Local Plan
proposals and strategies for Kharar, of the six Local
Planning Areas.

Kharar Local Planning Area is located adjacent to

SAS Nagar towards the north west of Chandigarh,. It
is well-served by NH95, NH21 and MDR A. This
report will translate the planning vision expounded at
the Regional Plan level, proposed at the second part
of the consultancy work under ‘Regional Plan 2006 –
2056 into the Local Plan level, detailing with planning
proposals.

There are 7 main sections to this report. Chapter 1

reiterates the development framework. Chapter 2
highlights the existing conditions: land use,
transportation and projected population. Chapter 3
presents a planning analysis. Chapter 4 explains the
planning proposal. Chapter 5 outlines the
implementation and development phasing.
Infrastructure proposals in Chapter 6 will support the
planning proposal outlined for Kharar Local Planning
Area. Finally, Specific and detailed controls for the
development in Kharar Local Planning Area will be
covered in Chapter 7 of this report. This report
concludes that all the planning propositions set out for
Kharar LPA are in line with Kharar’s planning vision
and goals as well as that for the Regional Plan for
GMADA.

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Planning Vision for Kharar Local Planning Area

With respect to Kharar’s unique location within GMR, the medium and long-term
vision for Kharar LPA is:
“Kharar is to be a fully-integrated and well-connected sustainable city complete with
cultural and built heritage amidst rapid development and competition for limited
resources within an ever-changing ever-evolving millennium”

2 Existing Condition
From an analysis of the existing conditions in Kharar LPA, the strengths of the sites
and be worked to the best advantage of Kharar while mitigating the impacts of plan
can be envisaged for Kharar LPA. It is noted that Kharar is predominantly agriculture
in character. Settlement, Colony Built-up and Existing Villages are concentrated
between the Junctions of NH 21-MDR A to Ropar & NH 95 to Ludhiana in the area
directly bordering SAS Nagar.

3 Planning analysis
Kharar LPA possesses unique qualities that set it apart from the other LPAs, these
being:
1. Excellent transport links by road through NH95, NH 21 and Mohali-Phagwara
Expressway;
2. Existing rail link from Delhi-Haryana to Himachal Pradesh to facilitate residents
commuting to major employment centres;
3. Ample land that can be judiciously planned to achieve a balance between future
needs and retention of existing agriculture land;
4. Existing urban fabric and streetscape that can be retained, enhanced through
foresight and sensitive implementation
In terms of population projection, a ‘very high growth’ scenario in order to cater to the
highest demand for land for development and population projected vis-à-vis land to
be safeguarded for agriculture use and to maximize the potential of the Greater
Mohali Region (GMR) to develop fully into a competitive region, on par with other
successful cities around the world. For the purposes of this Master Plan for which the
planning period is up to Year 2031, the total project population of 2.36 million for the

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 entire GMR will be translated to a projected population of 220,300 (Year 2031) for
Kharar LPA.

4 PLANNING PROPOSALS
Upon evaluating the site potentials, economical analysis and planning analysis,
planning proposals for Kharar LPA will address the intrinsic character of Kharar while
fulfilling the strategic directions for the Regional Plan and complementing the
direction thrusts for the other 5 LPAs. Among the key planning proposals are:

A new Agriculture-Recreation zone has been designated to leverage on the Kharar’s

predominantly agricultural character, while promoting new uses for such agriculture
lands. Furthermore, Kharar is envisaged to provide the residential environment vis-à-
vis the larger Chandigarh-SAS Nagar-other LPAs as a whole. Collectively, the 3
major land use components of Agriculture-Recreation, Residential and Rural and
Agriculture represent roughly a quarter each. In view of the existing built-up areas
and urban streetscape, a unique Heritage Street on Randhawa Road (ROW 40’/ 12m)
is also designated to capture a slice of vibrant and organic urban life in view of the
development pressure from Chandigarh and SAS Nagar. The Special and
Regulations in Chapter 6 will support the planning proposals elaborated in this
Chapter.

In terms of transportation aspects, existing alignments of roads, including village

roads respected as they reflect the most practical connectivity between built-up/
colonies, neighbouring towns, villages and settlements. Where possible, existing
village roads are planned for upgrading to form part of the road network envisaged
for Kharar. Proposed roads passing existing built-up area and encumbrances will be
aligned to areas with comparatively fewer encumbrances to minimize impact to
existing communities. NH 95, NH 21 and MDR A bisects Kharar LPA and will be
safeguarded and complemented by a minor arterial to link existing built-up areas,
proposed residential areas. This minor arterial will be formed by existing roads to
minimize impact to the surrounding settlements.

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 In summary, the planning and transportation proposals herein can be supported
favourably from the environmental stand point so such proposed land uses can work
together to result in eco-friendly practices and eco-designed projects in the long-term
For the Greater Mohali Region as a whole.

5 IMPLEMENTATION AND PHASING

This chapter adopts a planning approach through the use of market-oriented and
entrepreneurialism. Pragmatic development phasing has also been recommended so
as to allow for effective costing for construction of infrastructure as well as
considering the adjacent development opportunities, constraints and impact. The
principles of the development phasing for Kharar LPA would evolve logically,
concentrating from the existing built-up areas Kharar, closest to SAS Nagar that
experiences the highest development pressure then gradually extending northwards
beyond the proposed minor arterial and westwards of the existing railway to meet the
development potential of the Mohali Expressway.

6 INFRASTRUCTURE PROPOSALS

Infrastructure proposals are also in line with the planning proposals so that the
planning vision can be realized with the appropriate infrastructure proposals, demand
and supply needs. Such infrastructure proposals have also taken into consideration
the existing Punjab policies to translate a workable, self-supporting Local Plan.

7 SPECIAL AND DETAILED CONTROLS

In Kharar LPA, there are two Focus Areas that warrant specific Development Control
Regulations to set it apart from the other land uses. These Focus Areas are the
Randhawa Road (Heritage Street) and the Agri-Recreation Area. The Controls
drafted herein has taken into consideration the current policies, state-wide zoning
regulations and international benchmarking practices to guide future project
proponents to understand the value of good planning and design.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE & INTRODUCTION
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1 DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 9

1.1 Planning Vision for Kharar Local Planning Area

1.2 Development Framework for Kharar Local Planning Area

2 EXISTING CONDITION 13

2.1 Overall Condition of the GMR

2.2 Existing Land Use & Settlement Pattern
2.3 Demography
2.4 Transportation
2.5 Recent Developments

3 PLANNING ANALYSIS 28

3.1 Economic Projection Analysis

3.2 Population Projection Analysis
3.3 Emerging New Fields to Position Kharar LPA

4 PLANNING PROPOSAL 34

4.1 Available Information

4.2 Planning Vision & Focus Areas for Kharar LPA
4.3 Planning Rationale for the Master Plan
4.4 Proposed Land Use Distribution
4.5 Transportation
4.6 Conclusion

5 IMPLEMENTATION & PHASING 67

5.1 Approaches to Planning

5.2 Development Phases

6 INFRASTRUCTURE PROPOSAL 70

6.1 Water Supply and Distribution

6.2 Power Supply and Distribution
6.3 Surface Water Drainage
6.4 Sewerage
6.5 Solid Waste Management
6.6 Information Technology and Communication
6.7 Gas Supply and Distribution
6.8 Overall Infrastructure Plan

7 SPECIAL AND DETAILED CONTROLS FOR KHARAR LPA 124

7.1 Focus Area 1: Randhawa Road (Heritage Street)

7.2 Focus Area 2: Agro-Recreation Zone
7.3 Residential Use
7.4 Transferable Development Rights
7.5 Proposed Land Use Legend & Zoning Interpretation for KHARAR LPA

LIST OF PLANS

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Positioning of Kharar with respect to the other LPAs in the Regional Plan 10
Figure 2.1: Existing Junction in Kharar LPA 14
Figure 2.2: Existing Condition of River Jainti Devi Ki Rao (seasonal river) 15
Figure 2.3: Existing Agricultural field in Kharar LPA 17
Figure 2.4: Existing Villages in Kharar LPA 18
Figure 2.5: Existing Water body near Bhokri Village 19
Figure 2.6: Existing Electric Pylons in Kharar LPA 20
Figure 2.7: Existing Urban Fabric in Kharar LPA 20
Figure 2.8: Existing Roads in Kharar LPA – MDR A 23
Figure 2.9: Existing Roads in Kharar LPA – NH 95 24
Figure 2.10: Existing at-grade Railway Track to Tole Majra Village 26
Figure 2.11: Existing Kharar Railway Station 26
Figure 2.12: Residential Developments in Kharar LPA 27
Figure 3.1: Location of Kapurthala in relation to Kharar, GMR 32
Figure 4.1: Kharar Existing Land Use Plan 2006 34
Figure 4.2: Route of Mohali-Phagwara Expressway 35
Figure 4.3: Location of Focus Area 1 39
Figures 4.4: Suggested Traffic Calming Measure 40
Figure 4.5: Artist Impression of the transformation of Randhawa Road 41
Figure 4.6: Location of Focus Area 2 43
Figure 4.7: Activities in Agri-Recreational Zone 43
Figure 4.8: Mardi Agro-Technology Park, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia 44
Figure 4.9: Artist Impression of a Maize Maze in Agri-Recreational Zone 45
Figure 4.10: Accommodation Facilities in Agri-Recreational Zone 46
Figure 4.11: Outdoor Facilities in Agri-Recreational Zone 46
Figure 4.12: Proposed Residential Zones (Yr 2031) 49
Figure 4.13: Existing Government Polytechnic Mohali (Khunimajra) Kharar LPA 53
Figure 4.14: Existing Doaba College (adjacent to Kharar LPA) 54
Figure 4.15: Master Plan for Kharar LPA (Yr 2031) 56
Figure 4.16: Proposed & Existing Road Networks 59
Figure 4.17: Proposed Road Section: Highways 60
Figure 4.18: Proposed Road Section: Minor Arterial 61
Figure 4.19: Proposed Road Section: Collector 62
Figure 4.20: Proposed Road Section: Primary Access 63
Figure 4.21: Proposed Road Section: Local Access 64
Figure 5.1: Development Phasing Plan (Yr 2031) 69
Figure 5.2: Development Phasing Plan (Yr 2056) 69
Figure 6.1.1: Proposed Potable Water Supply Main 72
Figure 6.1.2: Proposed Potable Water Distribution Zone 72
Figure 6.1.3: Proposed Potable Water Distribution Main 73
Figure 6.1.4: Proposed Recycled Water Supply Main 74
Figure 6.1.5: Proposed Recycled Water Distribution Zone 75
Figure 6.1.6: Proposed Recycled Water Distribution Main 75
Figure 6.2.1: Proposed Power Supply and Distribution Plan 79
Figure 6.2.2: Proposed Power Distribution Network 80
Figure 6.3.1: Proposed Runoff Coefficient for Kharar 83
Figure 6.3.2: IDF Chart of Ambala and Singapore 84
Figure 6.3.3: Proposed Storm Water Catchment Areas 87
Figure 6.3.4: Proposed Storm Water Drainage Network Scheme 88
Figure 6.3.5: Proposed pond training 91
Figure 6.3.6: Proposed river training 93
Figure 6.4.1: Proposed Sewerage Catchment 97
Figure 6.4.2: Proposed Sewerage Network 98
Figure 6.5.1: Solid waste facilities in Kharar LPA 106
Figure 6.6.1: Proposed Telecom Trunk Network 118
Figure 6.6.2: Proposed Telecom Distribution Network 119
Figure 6.7.1: Proposed Gas Reticulation Scheme 121
Figure 6.8.1: Overall Infrastructure Plan (Year 2031) 123
Figure 7.1: Location of Focus Area 1 126

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 Figure 7.2: Development Controls on Focus Area 2 129

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Major Economic Activities in the LPAs within the GMR 13
Table 2.2: Existing Land Use Table 16
Table 2.3: Existing Land Use Pie Chart 16
Table 2.4: Distribution of the Urban Population in the GMR in 2001 22
Table 2.5: Distribution of Urban Population (2001) Chart 22
Table 3.1: Economic Output of GMR 29
Table 3.2: Projected Population growth scenarios for the GMR 30
Table 3.3: Projected Population Parameters for Kharar LPA 31
Table 3.4: 2000-2007 Energy Consumption of Selected Countries 33
Table 4.1: Distribution of Residential Land by Density (Pie-Chart) 49
Table 4.2: Distribution of Residential Units by Density 50
Table 4.3: Detailed Breakdown by Residential Density 50
Table 4.4: Proposed standards for social facilities at a regional level 52
Table 4.5: Proposed Land use distribution for Kharar LPA 57
Table 4.6: Proposed Land Use Pie-Chart 57
Table 5.1: Possible Land Development Financing Possible Approaches 68
Table 6.1.1: Projected Water Demand for Kharar LPA (Year 2031) 71
Table 6.1.2: Proposed Water Utilities Facilities 76
Table 6.2.1: Power Demand Estimation 77
Table 6.2.2: Proposed Power Distribution System 78
Table 6.3.1 : Typical Runoff Coefficient 83
Table 6.4.1: Estimated Sewage Generated 95
Table 6.4.2: Proposed Sewage Treatment Plant 99
Table 6.5.1: Estimated Solid Waste Generation Rate 102
Table 6.5.2: Projected solid waste generation by year 2031 102
Table 6.6.1: Projected Telecom Subscribers for Kharar LPA (Yr 2031) 111
Table 7.1: Development Control Parameters for Buildings fronting Randhawa Road 127
Table 7.2: Development Control Parameters for Focus Area 2 130
Table 7.3: Parking requirements for plotted developments 134
Table 7.4: Additional criteria for stand-alone commercial complexes (more than three 135
storeys)
Table 7.5: Summary Of Intensity Of Development 136
Table 7.6: Proposed Land Use Legend & Zoning Interpretation For Kharar LPA 139

LIST OF PLANS (A3)

Kharar Existing Land Use Plan
Kharar Master Plan (Yr 2031)
Kharar Transportation Plan (Yr 2031)
Kharar Focus Area 1 Plan: Randhawa Road
Kharar Focus Area 2 Plan: Agri-Recreation
Kharar Proposed Residential Zones
Kharar Proposed Green & Blue Plan
Kharar LPA Development Phasing Plan (Yr 2031)
Kharar LPA Development Phasing Plan (Yr 2056)

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 1 DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

1.1 Planning Vision for Kharar Local Planning Area

This Master Plan for Kharar LPA (“LPA”) for the planning period 2008 – 2031, is
developed from the GMADA Regional Plan submitted to the Client in December 2008
which offers a broad framework for the entire Greater Mohali Region (“GMR”).
Concurrently, this Master Plan is intended to fulfill the statutory requirements per
Section 70 of the Punjab Regional & Town Planning & Development Act, 1995.

Kharar LPA is located strategically adjacent to two major urban centres:

1. Chandigarh, the capital of the States of Punjab and Haryana, and;
2. SAS Nagar, Mohali, the administrative seat of the 18th District of Punjab.

Figure 1 shows Kharar LPA juxtaposed between the Medical Hub within SAS Nagar,
Mohali, the Tourism Hub in Mullanpur and the Rural and Agricultural Area as in the
Regional Plan. Hence, it is possible to develop a compelling planning vision that
draws on its intrinsic site features and capitalize on the external influences of
surrounding LPAs.

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 Figure 1.1: Positioning of Kharar with respect to the other LPAs in the Regional Plan

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 With respect to Kharar’s unique location within GMR, it is possible to formulate
unique planning vision for Kharar LPA, in the medium-term as well as in the long-
term.

The short to medium-term planning vision for Kharar LPA is:

“Kharar is to be a comprehensively developed urban area to complement Chandigarh

and SAS Nagar, Mohali, collectively the two most populated area in Punjab and the
GMR”

The medium and long-term vision for Kharar LPA is:

“Kharar is to be a fully-integrated and well-connected sustainable city complete with

cultural and built heritage amidst rapid development and competition for limited
resources within an ever-changing ever-evolving millennium”

1.2 Development Framework for Kharar Local Planning Area

The above vision for Kharar LPA is formulated using target population and land use
intention set in the Regional Plan and translated at Master Plan level for the planning
period of 2008 – 2031.

With reference to the interim policy titled Approval of Periphery Policy Report and
other Allied Matters, a Gazette Notification No 18/35/2002 – 1HG2/ 499 dated 20 Jan
2006 issued by the Punjab Government through the Department of Housing and
Urban Development, this Master Plan hopes to provide some development structure
and phased orderly developments to check the random developments occurring
outside Chandigarh which has almost reached its full capacity.

Developing from the Planning vision for Kharar LPA, Kharar is positioned to tap on
the effect of development spillover from Chandigarh and SAS Nagar, Mohali. In
terms of urban form and architecturally, this effect can present opportunities to create
a new unique “urban language and architectural idiom” perhaps inspired by the
indigenous Punjabi style in contrast to the Corbusier-form of Chandigarh.

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 At the same time, Kharar LPA is situated within the historic 10-mil (16-km) buffer
covered under the Punjab New Capital (Periphery) Control Act, 1952 which has
allowed it to remain primarily agriculture, except from the urban character on the two
major thoroughfares, NH 21-MDR A and NH 95. This translates into development
types that can integrate the open character of agriculture use to other land uses
associated with modern technology, such as research-based activities.

These ideas will be further elaborated in Chapter 4.

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 2 EXISTING CONDITION
2.1 Overall Condition of GMR

The six LPAs of GMR have differing existing conditions and differentiated major
economic activities.

Table 2.1: Major Economic Activities in the LPAs within the GMR

Locations Existing Activities

Derabassi Pharmaceutical, Breweries, Electronics, Paper Mills,

Poultry Farms, Textiles, Copper Industry and Life
Sciences
Kharar Textiles, pesticides/chemicals, warehousing. retail/ hotel
activities, (presence of small and medium industrial
establishments)
Mullanpur Agricultural farming, limited tourism activities (presence of
a small number of resort establishments)
Banur Agricultural activities, Pharmaceutical, educational
institutions and distillers
Zirakpur Automobiles, warehousing commercial/retail activities
(presence of malls)
S.A.S Nagar Bulk material marketing, specialized medical activities,
commercial/retail, tourism (presence of holiday resorts),
warehousing, agriculture activities, entertainment industry
activities, heavy equipment manufacturing (manufacturing
of tractors),
Source: Regional Plan 2008 – 2056

Notwithstanding the above existing developments and activities found in Kharar LPA
today, this Master Plan intends to build on Kharar’s existing strengths and draw on its
intrinsic potentials to come up with a unique quality to differentiate it from other LPAs.

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 2.2 Existing Land Use and Settlement Pattern

Kharar is a town and a municipal council in Mohali district in the state of Punjab. It is
at a distance of about 10 km from Chandigarh City, 15 km from Chandigarh Airport
and about 4 km from Mohali. Kharar is located at 30° 44' 4" N, 76° 38' 52" E. It has
an average elevation of 297 m.

Figure 2.1: Existing Junction in Kharar LPA

The entire Kharar LPA is 3,324ha. Besides Urban and Rural settlements, Kharar has
Civic, education, Warehousing, retail/ hotel, resort, small & medium industrial
establishments.

River Jainti Devi Ki Rao, a seasonal river, flows from North-East to South-West,
bisecting Kharar LPA. Although the River is seasonal, its water edge can be
potentially developed for Sports & Recreation Use. In September 2008 when the
planning team visited Kharar, the river was covered with lush vegetation and there
was no visible water course evident.

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 Figure 2.2: Existing Condition of River Jainti Devi Ki Rao (seasonal river)

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 Table 2.2: Existing Land Use Table
Land use Area (ac) Area (ha) %
Commercial 128 ac 52 ha 2%
Settlement & Colony Built-up 822 ac 333 ha 10%
Institution 243 ac 98 ha 3%
Rural & Agriculture 6,449 ac 2,610 ha 79%
Existing Village 275 ac 111 ha 3%
Utility 33 ac 14 ha 0%
Water Bodies 61 ac 25 ha 1%
Industry 20 ac 8 ha 0%
Road and Rail 182 ac 74 ha 2%
TOTAL 8,214 ac 3,324 ha 100%

Table 2.3: Existing Land Use Pie-Chart

KHARAR EXISTING USE

10 ac, 1%
21 ac, 2%
45 ac, 3% 135 ac, 10%
Commercial
40 ac, 3%
Settlement & Colony
Built-up
Institution

Rural & Agriculture

Existing Village

Water Bodies

Industry

Utility

Road and Rail

1,082 ac, 79%

As the pie-chart above shows, the predominant existing land use in Kharar LPA is
Agriculture and Open Space (79% or 2,610ha). It is observed that maize, wheat, rice
and fruits are chiefly grown here. Whilst such lands may conventionally be perceived
as land banks for future development, the Client has the foresight to have a Regional
Plan for the GMR and Local Plans for the different towns prepared such that different
land uses are be designated in localities with different degrees of urbanisation and
that developments can be phased in an orderly manner. In doing so, prime
agriculture land even within Kharar LPA can be safeguarded for as long as possible
and planned such that the issue of competing land uses can be mitigated while

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 agricultural productivity is kept in pace with population growth, hence meeting the
medium-term to long-term planning vision of a “sustainable city amidst rapid
development and competition for limited resources”.

Figure 2.3: Existing Agricultural field in Kharar LPA

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 The next largest land use is the Settlement and Colony Built-up and Existing Villages
at 10% or 333ha. The largest tract of these settlements is concentrated between the
Junctions of NH 21-MDR A to Ropar & NH 95 to Ludhiana in the area directly
bordering SAS Nagar. The other areas are found along the road to the Kharar
Railway Station and the villages which are dispersed throughout Kharar LPA. The
sizable Villages within Kharar LPA are Khuni Majra, Bhokri, Rudiala, Daun Majra,
Bhago Majra, Badali, Badala Niyashehar and Tirpari.

Figure 2.4: Existing Villages in Kharar LPA

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 Other land uses such as orchards, plantations, water bodies, roads, commercial and
government uses are rather insignificant, constituting 1-2% of the total land area
each.
Figure 2.5: Existing Water body near Bhokri Village

2.3 Incompatible Uses

There had been some industrial activities such as textiles and pesticides/ chemicals.
However, based on site inspections, these uses have since been discontinued due to
their pollutive nature. Some small-scaled hotels and schools are located within
Kharar LPA; however, these cater to the local market. It is perhaps to the advantage
for Kharar LPA that the lands occupied by these incompatible uses can be freed up
for uses that are more in line with the planning vision for Kharar LPA.

The presence of overhead electric pylons would put height and development
constraints to potentials in the vicinity.

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 Figure 2.6: Existing Electric Pylons in Kharar LPA

Figure 2.7: Existing Urban Fabric in Kharar LPA

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 2.4 Demography

The 2001 Census of India forms the backbone of the population analysis for this
report. The existing and proposed population projections for GMADA and Kharar are
based on the 2001 Census as it is the latest available decennial census carried out
by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of the Government of India. The
Census provides a comprehensive source of information and demographic data,
ranging from macro level data such as population, economic activity and migration to
micro level data such as household population and village directory. Compared to
other data sources that work largely on samples and estimation, the 2001 census is
more reliable in that it provides a variety of statistical information every 10 years and
highlights the diversity of the people of India. Under the provisions of the Punjab
Town and Regional Planning and Development Act, 1995 with the notification (No.
13/52/2006-1HG3/7743 dated 14th August 2006), GMADA is officially established and
is henceforth, responsible “for areas falling in Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar District and
adjoining areas falling in other Districts”. As such, the Census 2001 captures the
population prior to the establishment of GMADA and classifies the population census
under the 2 Districts, namely, Rupnagar and Patiala, under which GMADA is formed.

Kharar is the second most populated urban settlement in GMADA Area. As of 2001
India census, Kharar had a Urban population of 42,289. No of HouseHolds are 8,118.
It has 15.3% of GMADA Area’s Urban Population which has 4.9% Population Growth.
The population of the GMADA area in 2001 was 711,210 persons, with 38.9% of the
population classified as urban. The urban population of the GMADA area is highly
concentrated in the city of S.A.S Nagar (44.6%), with the remaining 55.4% spread
across nine other towns. Kharar accounts for approximately 15.3% of the urban
population in the GMADA area.

As of 2001, the urban population of Kharar was 42,289 in 8,118 households

(Source: Primary Census Abstract (PCA), 2001, extract).

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 Table 2.4: Distribution of the Urban Population in the GMR in 2001

Urban Settlement No of Population % Share of

Households Urban Population
S.A.S. Nagar 28,539 123,484 44.6%
Kharar 8,118 42,289 15.3%
Zirakpur 5,072 25,022 9.0%
Kurali 4,220 23,047 8.3%
Karoran 4,564 20,361 7.4%
Dera Bassi 3,284 15,841 5.7%
Bhankharpur 1,798 9,216 3.3%
Mullanpur Garib Das 1,171 6,147 2.2%
Bhabat 1,103 5,866 2.1%
Banur 861 5,426 2.0%
Total: 58,730 276,699 100.0%
Extracted from Source: Primary Census Abstract (PCA), 2001
Table 2.5: Distribution of Urban Population (2001) Chart

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M

Kharar has Total Literates of 31,296, male literates are 17,612 and female literates
are 13,684. Kharar (Municipal Council plus Outgrowth) consists of 13,727 workers
(Male 11,370, Female 2,357)
In Kharar, 4,886 of the population is under 6 years of age. Population of its 38
villages is 36,536 (2001)

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 2.5 Transportation
The existing transportation infrastructure for the GMR was reviewed in the GMADA
Regional Plan Report – Transportation.

The main road links to Kharar LPA is currently limited to only Road MDR A, National
Highways NH 21 (to Ropar) and NH 95 (to Ludhiana). Minor roads leading to the
villages are typically about 2-lane wide and are usually unmade track roads (See
Figure 2.9). Traffic volumes are generally low from observations. An existing railway
Station provides inter-city transportation facility to the Kharar commuters.

Figure 2.8: Existing Roads in Kharar LPA – MDR A

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 Figure 2.9: Existing Roads in Kharar LPA – NH 95

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 Among the 6 LPAs, Kharar is one of the 2 LPA (the other being SAS Nagar) that has
an operational railway station that provides passenger service twice daily via
Chandigarh:

1. Ambala Cantonment Station, Haryana - Nangal Dam, Himachal Pradesh;

2. Ambala Cantonment Station, Haryana – Churaru Takarala, Una District,
Himachal Pradesh, service started in 2005.

Although the existing rail service is limited, Kharar Railway Station can be upgraded
to cater to an expected increase of residents intending to commute to Chandigarh-
Delhi-Haryana for employment. A new line has been planned to extend to Sirhind
through Morinda. Improved future rail transportation can encourage the proliferation
of organic farm produce to serve the markets in Delhi-Haryana.

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 Figure 2.10: Existing at-grade Railway Track to Tole Majra Village

Figure 2.11: Existing Kharar Railway Station

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 2.6 Recent Developments

Private developers have developed their own colonies such as Shivalik Enclave,
Raman Enclave, Gulmohar Complex, Pioneer, Gilco, Ashtha Enclave, Sunny
Enclave, Mata Gujri Complex, NRI Enclave, Model Town, Jaishan Enclave, Munder
Nagar, Shiva Enclave, Rajiv Vihar, Shivalik Developers, and Sigma City within and
around Kharar LPA.

Figure 2.12: Residential Developments in Kharar LPA

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 3 PLANNING ANALYSIS

From Chapter 2, it can be summarized that Kharar LPA possesses unique qualities
that set it apart from the other LPAs, these being:
5. Excellent transport links by road through NH95, NH 21 and Mohali-Phagwara
Expressway;
6. Existing rail link from Delhi-Haryana to Himachal Pradesh to facilitate residents
commuting to major employment centres;
7. Ample land that can be judiciously planned to achieve a balance between future
needs and retention of existing agriculture land;
8. Existing urban fabric and streetscape that can be retained, enhanced through
foresight and sensitive implementation

In planning for GMR’s future development, it is necessary to take into consideration

the natural growth, migration, urbanization and economic data of the Punjab region
and of India as a whole. Understanding past trends and current level of economic
activity can help to produce a feasible population scenario for the Year 2031 planning
period.

3.1 Economic Projection Analysis

Outside S.A.S Nagar, the main industrial activities are located along the development
corridor leading to Haryana and Delhi. The rest of the GMR are relatively agricultural
in character with pockets of residential colonies randomly distributed.

Taking a cue from SAS Nagar whose primary key drivers being electronics and
pharmaceuticals complemented by other industries such as textile, chemical and
metal (basic and fabricated including auto components), Kharar LPA stands to
benefit from the development spillovers from SAS Nagar and the development
corridor to Haryana and Delhi once the land within the said areas are exhausted.
S.A.S Nagar’s share of the Information Technology (IT) and IT Enabled Services
(ITeS) in the state of Punjab is estimated to account for about 6.2% of the estimated
economic output of GMR FY2007 alone! As such, areas can be designated in future

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 phases to accommodate any demand for high-technology/ industrial land within
Kharar LPA.

Apart from IT/ ITeS, education and healthcare are two emerging services contributing
the economy of the GMR. A number of other privately-run educational institutes
operate in and around Mohali within the GMR. An Indian Institute of Information
Technology (IIIT) and a National Institute of Nanotechnology are proposed to be set
up as part of a 250 acre “Knowledge City” in Sector 81 of Mohali. In healthcare, the
multi-specialty hospital set up by Fortis Healthcare on an 8.2 acre campus in 2001 is
established as a leading hospital attracting patients from all over north India and
abroad. Based on current situation, the projected economic output of the GMR is as
follows:

Table 3.1: Economic Output of GMR

Economic Output in GMR (INR Bil)

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
07

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20
FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

Economic Output

From the above projection, it is anticipated that the economy of the GMR would grow
to about four times its current size in 25 years and to around 14.5 times in 50 years.

The GMR’s economic growth potential in the coming years is likely to drive
urbanization and spur further growth in the entire GMR. Kharar is expected to be
beneficiary to the tremendous economic investment opportunities in GMR.

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 3.2 Population Projection Analysis

Based on the expected growth conditions shown in the Economic Output of the GMR
(Table 3.1), four types of population growth scenario are proposed for GMR in
consultation with the Client – low growth, moderate growth, high growth or very high
growth.

Table 3.2: Projected Population growth scenarios for the GMR

Population Low Growth Moderate High Growth Very High
GMADA Growth Growth
(in million)
Population 2001 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71
Natural Growth 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42
Migration 1.19 1.71 2.74 3.39
Population 2031 1.53 1.78 2.11 2.36
Population 2056 2.32 2.84 3.87 4.51

At a regional scale, a ‘very high growth’ scenario is used in order to cater to the
highest demand for land for development and population projected vis-à-vis land to
be safeguarded for agriculture use and to maximize GMR’s potential to develop fully
into a competitive region, on par with other successful cities around the world.
Nevertheless, upon a more detailed assessment for Kharar LPA, it is recommended
that a more conservative approach is adopted and hence, a projected population of
111,000 is achieved for the Planning period for Year 2056. See Table 3.3 below.

However, this Local Plan for Kharar LPA after being notified per Section 73 of the
Punjab Regional & Town Planning & Development Act, 1995 as the Master Plan, the
Client shall under Section 76 also carry out a fresh survey at least every 10 years to
the Master Plan to update on any alterations and additions to the Master Plan during
the period of review.

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 Table 3.3: Projected Population Parameters for Kharar LPA
PROJECTED POPULATION-2056 276,300
PROJECTED POPULATION-2031 220,300
CLASSIFICATION OF TOWN Urban Centre
TOTAL LAND IN KHARAR LPA 8,214ac/ 3,324 ha
PLANNED GROSS RESIDENTIAL DENSITY 175
(Maximum) (persons per acre)

The above projected population of 276,300 (Yr 2056) is a conservative projection to

maintain an open country agricultural character envisaged for Kharar LPA.

The above gross density reflects the maximum achievable density for each
development plot, and is inclusive of public facilities and roads within these
residential areas. These residential areas will be discussed in Chapter 4.

3.3 Emerging New Fields to Position Kharar LPA

It is reported that The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy on 13 Dec 2008 has
approved the setting up of the National Institute of Renewable Energy at Kapurthala.
This could also facilitate the establishment of test-bedding bio-energy, including
biogas and bio-diesel in special areas in Kharar LPA without displacing the
agriculture activities in Kharar but elevating the status of the agriculture. (Figure 3.1)

These uses will be highlighted in Chapter 4.

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 Figure 3.1: Location of Kapurthala in relation to Kharar LPA

Kharar

India has comparatively low energy consumption; it would be potentially useful to tap
on renewable energies test-bedding and research activities even with the gradual
rise in population. Additionally, manufacturing, the keystone of industrial activities
could also be given an ecological angle. Concerns about pollution vis-à-vis
agricultural activities, the mainstay of Punjab given its rich arable soils conditions,
can focus on industry locators that can engage in Industrial Ecology in eco-industrial
parks. In some successful eco-industrial park examples elsewhere, different
companies and industries and the municipal government cooperate with each other
to exploit each other’s residual or by-products such that the by-product of one
company can be the raw materials of another company.

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 Table 3.4: 2000-2007 Energy Consumption of Selected Countries

2000-2007 ENERGY CONSUMPTION

4,500

4,000 United States

United Kingdom
3,500 Sweden
France
3,000 Switzerland
China
2,500
India
Pakistan
2,000
Singapore
1,500 Saudi Arabia
UAE
1,000 Australia
South Africa
500
Brazil
Argentina
0

Source: Energy Information Administration, US (www.eia.doe.gov)

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 4 PLANNING PROPOSAL

4.1 Available Information

In drawing up the Master Plan for Kharar LPA, the following Reference Plans &
documents were referred to.

4.1.1 Kharar Existing Land Use Plan 2006

This Plan (Figure 4.1) has been referred to by Jurong Consultants in conjunction to
the GIS-based existing Land Use Mapping prepared by the Centre for Computational
Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (“PEC”). In view of some differences
between these 2 plans, the Proposed Local Plan for Kharar LPA was drafted by
cross-checking information from all available sources, site visits and consultants with
the client.
Figure 4.1: Kharar Existing Land Use Plan 2006

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 4.1.2 Mohali-Phagwara Expressway: Structure Location Plan and Coordinates
CL Plan
The Punjab Infrastructure Development Board (PIDB) and PWD (B&R), GoP has
called for tender to develop Mohali-Phagwara Expressway as an access-controlled
Expressway under PPP format. The length of proposed Expressway is 172 km
connecting Mohali to Phagwara on G.T.Road (NH-1), with connection to Lalru on NH-
22 and Baddi on NH-21A to facilitate high speed direct connectivity from the
upcoming International Airport at Mohali to growth centres of Punjab like Jalandhar,
Amritsar etc. Kharar LPA is well-located to tap on the benefits of the Expressway at
Segment 3.

Figure 4.2: Route of Mohali-Phagwara Expressway

(Source: www.pidb.org)

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 Based on preliminary information, it is noted that the expressway that skirts Kharar
LPA at the western boundary with the provision of 2 interchanges that potentially
benefit Kharar LPA. These interchanges link the Expressway to NH 95 and NH 21. A
third interchange is between the 2 National Highways serving the hinterlands of
Kharar.

4.1.3 Aerial Images

Google Earth was also consulted to assess the distribution of “soft” land (areas that
can be developed), existing colonies, built-up, villages and roads that can be
incorporated/ upgraded into the Proposal Plan. As aerial images were taken at some
point in time, they are also used as a reference only as extension of 11 feet of the
radial roads around the “phirni” of existing villages are allowed under the interim
policy titled Approval of Periphery Policy Report and other Allied Matters, a Gazette
Notification No 18/35/2002 – 1HG2/ 499 dated 20 Jan 2006.

4.1.4 Limitations of Available Information

The resultant Master Plan, accompanying plans and Report, collectively referred
thereinafter as the Master Plan for Kharar LPA, has been prepared using all available
information provided by the Client and the PEC and are believed and shall be taken
to be correctly describing Kharar Local Planning Area for the purposes of drafting the
Master Plan for Kharar LPA.

Henceforth, third party users of these Plans shall at their own cost and expense,
engage a land surveyor registered with the relevant Competent Authority under the
relevant legislation to carry out the cadastral survey of the said Parcels to the
satisfaction and approval by GMADA and the Competent Authorities under the
Punjab Regional and Town Planning and Development Act, 1965.

For the purposes of preparation of the Master Plan for Kharar LPA, where there is
discrepancy between any of the reference plans, the latest digital GIS-based existing
Land Use Map prepared by the Centre for Computational Engineering and received
by Jurong Consultants in February 2009 will govern.

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 4.2 Planning Vision & Focus Areas for Kharar LPA
To recapitulate, the short to medium-term planning vision for Kharar LPA is

“Kharar is to be a comprehensively developed urban area to complement Chandigarh

and SAS Nagar, Mohali, collectively the two most populated area in Punjab and the
GMR”

Correspondingly, the medium and long-term vision for Kharar LPA is:

“Kharar is to be a fully-integrated and well-connected sustainable city complete with

cultural and built heritage amidst rapid development and competition for limited
resources within an ever-changing ever-evolving millennium”

To translate the vision into workable solutions, Jurong Consultants identified two
major Focus Areas for Kharar LPA differentiate it from the other LPAs. These being:

4.2.1 FOCUS AREA 1: Randhawa Road (“Heritage Street”)

The existing Kharar Town Centre is located between the cross-junction of NH21-
MDR A (to Chandigarh) with the existing road leading to NH 95 and the street leading
to the Kharar Railway Station where the area is most developed within Kharar
municipality. In 1948, Chandigarh, the new Capital of the States of Punjab and
Haryana was selected to be located in the Kharar Tehsil of Ambala District then. At
that time, Kharar has already a tehsil, an entity of local government over several
villages with some fiscal and administrative role over these villages and municipalities
within its jurisdiction. Historically, a fort was also located in the proximity of NH21 but
it has since been demolished with no evidence on site currently. This site formerly
occupied by the fort has been redeveloped into colonies.

Notwithstanding this colourful history of Kharar, this existing Kharar Town Centre
appears to be a nondescript town which potentially can be enhanced to present a
unique slice of vibrant and organic urban life in view of the development pressure
from Chandigarh and SAS Nagar. Although such uses are shown in the Kharar
Existing Plan 2006 as “Commercial” with 2 different subsets, these houses are

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 actually “mixed use” with retail services on the ground floor with residential on the
upper floors.

On ground, this urban fabric of mainly low-rise buildings, abutting each other, with
retail services on the ground floor with residential on the upper floors extends to both
sides of the existing narrow street from NH 21/ MDR A to Kharar Railway Station. In
order to recognize the urban retail character of this unique street, this road segment
is proposed to be zoned as a “Heritage Street” not because the existing architecture
of the buildings fronting this street is historically significant but rather the unique
human-scaled urban form’s collective contribution to a richly varied streetscape in
contrast to the ubiquitous stand-alone mega multiplexes prevailing elsewhere. The
building heights in Randhawa Road shall be limited to G + 2.

Randhawa Road comprises narrow road widths

(ranging from <10m to 12m right-of-way) from
MDR A to the Kharar Railway Station,
approximately 1.3km in length, is bisected by a
proposed collector (39m) to relieve the traffic
pressure of future developments in the proximity
of the Heritage Street. This Street can be
developed in two segments to facilitate walkability,
namely, “Market Alley” (750m approximately, well
within a 10-minute walk) and “Station Link” (515m).
Figure 4.3 refers.

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 Figure 4.3: Location of Focus Area 1

Streetscape Improvements to enhance the ambience of this Heritage Street can

include the following:
1. Conversion of Randhawa Road to a semi-pedestrianised road, i.e., limited
vehicular access or dual-one with limited roadside parking to curtail traffic
speed. Figure 4.4 shows some suggested traffic-calming measures;
2. Building Façade improvements;
3. Provision of appropriate paving finishes, wider sidewalks and crosswalk
enhancements for safer pedestrian movement;
4. Incorporation of Landscaping: Softscape and street furniture;
5. Improvement in Lighting: The existing overhead power lines are to be diverted
to underground and to provide pedestrian-scale street lighting in addition to
functional street lighting;
6. A suggested Traffic speed of about 30km/ hr for safe stopping sight distance
based on the standards by the Indian Road Congress.

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 Figure 4.4: Suggested Traffic Calming Measure

The major traffic flow arising from developments within the vicinity is proposed to be
discharged onto the 39m Local Collector and 48m arterial road parallel to the Railway
line.

Randhawa Road is intended to show the “old face” of Kharar Town Centre with new
buildings integrated to the existing low-rise massing form in contrast to the new
Kharar Commercial Centre along NH 95 adjacent to Bhago Majra. This Focus Area
can be used as a demonstration project to showcase implementation of a “heritage
Street” for other cities and towns to emulate. Figure 4.5 shows the suggested
transformation of Randhawa Road.

Appropriate Development Control Regulations is drafted in Chapter 7 to facilitate

retention of the urban character of Randhawa Road.

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 Figure 4.5: Artist Impression of the transformation of Randhawa Road

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 4.2.1 FOCUS AREA 2: AGRI-RECREATION ZONE
In view of the proximity of Kharar LPA is sandwiched between of Chandigarh and
hence, subject to the development pressure associated with urbanizing areas, and
the outlying agriculture areas outside the 6 LPAs, an Agri-Recreation Zone is
designated to the north of Kharar LPA as a transition to the outlying agriculture areas.

As agriculture land is gradually being converted into development land, the balance
agriculture land is being put under increased pressure to increase productivity. New
complementary uses can be introduced to allow the land owners to unlock some
value on their lands while maintaining the predominant agriculture use on the land.
Notwithstanding, farmers wishing to continue to farm their lands should not be under
duress to convert their Agriculture land and Development Control Regulations are
drafted out in Chapter 6 to address this.

This Agri-Recreation Zone will allow greater flexibility for agriculture-themed uses
within agriculture areas. These uses are deemed to be “Non-Agriculture” in contrast
to the “agriculture” use as defined under the Punjab Regional & Town Planning &
Development Act, 1995.

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 Figure 4.6: Location of Focus Area 2

Examples of complementary Non-Agriculture uses are:

Agriculture-themed Commercial Recreational use
Agri-Safari offers guests the unique experience of exploring flora and fauna. Guests
are able to view variety of botanical species, pick fruits, harvest vegetables,
participate in gastronomic workshops and bullock rides. (Figures 4.7 & 4.8)

Figure 4.7: Activities in Agri-Recreational Zone

www.alila.com www.doleplantation.com www.ladydoak.org

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 Figure 4.8: Mardi Agro-Technology Park, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

(Source: www.mardi.org.my)

Veg-Maze: adventure activity in the form of a complex botanical tour puzzle with
intricate interconnecting passages through which participants must find the escape
route (Figure 4.9). Helicopter rides can offer a panoramic view of the maze which
can be between 3 acres to 6 acres and even 43 acres as the Corn Maze in Dixon,
Califormia shows.

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 Figure 4.9: Artist Impression of a Maize Maze in Agri-Recreational Zone

Imagine a Maize Maze in Kharar Agri-Recreation Zone

Labyrinth and park beside of National Fritzler’s Corn Maze

Theater, Hungary http://fritzlermaze.com
http://www.waymarking.com

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 Farmstays & Meetings Retreats: stay-in accommodation for urban dwellers to have
a rustic getaway from the city or corporate users to hold their meetings complete with
ayurvedic treatments (Figure 4.9)
Figure 4.10: Accommodation Facilities in Agri-Recreational Zone

Athreya Ayurveda www.ayurvedatravelmall.com

Campsites & Outdoor boot camps

Being outskirts of Chandigarh and SAS Nagar allows land-extensive recreational
activities that capitalize on the open country to be located here, such as Outward
Bound School and Adventure camps for teambuilding exercises amongst students as
well as adults (Figure 4.10)
Figure 4.11: Outdoor Facilities in Agri-Recreational Zone

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 High-value Non-Agriculture R & D use for:
1. New uses for agriculture including non-food products
2. Test-bedding of Renewable energy using agriculture waste materials &
byproducts
3. New food-processing techniques for export-oriented agriculture produce
including organic agriculture products arising from improved productivity
4. Waste recycling & Industrial Ecology: using of the byproducts of industries as
feedstocks to the farms
These High-value Non-Agriculture activities typically follow the following cycle from
research to commercialization
1. Researching new uses for agricultural raw materials, products and byproducts
2. Development and testing of new uses for agricultural raw materials and
products, such as paint, adhesives, and lubricants to replace hydrocarbon-
based materials or from agriculture waste materials into recycled materials
and fibres
3. Experimental farming production once development and testing have been
completed and a new use has been determined commercially feasible
4. Product Manufacturing: Agricultural raw materials are stored, processed, and
manufactured into new industrial and commercial products
5. Product Assembly: New agricultural products are assembled and enter the
market economy.

Educational:
1. Discovery Centre: to showcase complete cycle of farming to final product,
advances in agricultural production, New Uses for Agriculture
2. Universities (no colleges or schools)
3. Food Processing Institutes
4. Training Centres for Agricultural Technologies, Expo
5. Cluster of environmental technology companies

The presence of R & D facilities and agri-technology parks will provide opportunities
for faculty and students in the nearby Punjab Institutes of Tertiary Education who will
work with start-up companies developing business and marketing plans, conducting
market research or assisting with information technology issues.

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 Land-intensive commercial recreation developments in the form of golf courses will
be discouraged due to:
1. Priority to encourage R & D activities and agriculture-themed recreation
facilities that will benefit the masses
2. Its environmental impact to the surrounding agriculture land

4.3 Planning Rationale for the Master Plan

Apart from the 2 Focus Areas proposed for Kharar LPA, the Master Plan for Kharar
LPA also has catered for the following land uses:

4.3.1 Residential Use

Kharar LPA is predominantly residential to cater to the residential demand from the
employment generated in Chandigarh and SAS Nagar. This is evident from the
numerous existing residential colonies which are currently concentrated around the
existing town centre formed at the junction of the two main thoroughfares, of NH21-
MDR A (to Chandigarh) with the existing road leading to NH 95 (Figure 4.12).

High density residential area is concentrated on the area adjacent to SAS Nagar to
encourage redevelopment of existing built-up areas as comprehensively-planned
integrated residential communities. Such land occupied by the existing settlement,
colonies built-up may become ripe for redevelopment into planned residential
developments as the existing built-up undergoes building obsolescence and the land
can be redeveloped either through land pooling by individual owners and
reconstitution subject to the approval of GMADA and the Competent Authority.

Additional residential areas will be subsequently designated according to future

population and employment trends and review of Master Plan.

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 Figure 4.12: Proposed Residential Zones (Yr 2031)

The following Pie-Chart (Table 4.1) shows the distribution of residential land by
density. Within these residential areas, the public facilities will have to be
incorporated when these lands are to be developed.

Table 4.1: Distribution of Residential Land by Density (Pie-Chart)

RESIDENTIAL LAND TAKE-UP BY DENSITY

(Yr 2031 )

47 ac, 2%
787 ac, 34%

1,479 ac,
64% HIGH DENSITY
MEDIUM DENSITY
LOW DENSITY

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 Housing for the Economically Weaker Section in Kharar is accounted for as 10% of
the High Density residential areas. Based on residential land use projection for Year
2031 and assuming family size of 5, the estimated population for Year 2031 is
220,300 persons or 43,970 DU distributed over the different densities (Table 4.2 &
4.3).
Table 4.2: Distribution of Residential Units by Density

RESIDENTIAL UNITS BY DENSITY (Yr 2031)

(43,970 DU)
30,000 DU
25,800 DU
25,000 DU
20,000 DU 17,700 DU
15,000 DU
10,000 DU
5,000 DU 470 DU
40% 59%
- 1%
HIGH DENSITY MEDIUM DENSITY LOW DENSITY

The following Table 4.3 shows the details for each density type. The land areas
indicated in Table 4.3 excludes the existing colonies and built-up but includes any
neighbourhood centres/ services/ amenities, Means of Access arising out of
residential developments within the development.

Table 4.3: Detailed Breakdown of Available Land (Yr 2031) by Residential

Density

Gross Gross
Gross Land Area Population
Density/ Density/ No of DU Housing Form
Area (ac) (ha) 2031
acre ha

HIGH Townhouse/
45 18 787 318 17,700 88,500
DENSITY Low-rise Apt

MEDIUM Townhouse/
35 14 1479 599 25,800 129,000
DENSITY plotted housing

LOW
20 8 47 19 470 2500 Plotted Housing
DENSITY

TOTAL 2313 936 220,000

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 4.3.2 Commercial Use
Existing commercial areas that are approved/ acknowledged under the current
Existing Plan 2008 are to be retained in the Master Plan. These Commercial areas
are mainly concentrated along the two main thoroughfares leading from SAS Nagar
to NH 21-MDR A and NH95. Although these are indicated as “General Business and
Retail Shopping” and “Wholesale and Bulk Material Handling” on the Existing Land
Use Plan 2008, the former actually refers to developments are mainly commercial on
the ground floor with residential above, that is “mixed use” .

The linear commercial shopping also which reflects an organic growth of Kharar town
and a bustling urban residential character and thriving cultural life. Extending further
from these 2 thoroughfares are the residential colonies, agricultural areas and
institutions.

Under the Master Plan, no additional commercial areas will be allowed in Kharar LPA.

4.3.3 Mixed Use

The southern portion of the Randhawa Road as indicated on the Master Plan will be
allowed mixed use with retail services on the ground floor in view of the existing
commercial use indicated in the Existing Land Use Plan for Kharar 2006. Similarly,
other land plots fronting Randhawa Road will be allowed to have retail services on
the ground floor only notwithstanding they are zoned residential use as indicated in
the Focus Area 1 Plan.

Along NH95 towards the proposed GMADA Expressway, a Mixed Use belt is allowed
in view of NH95’s importance as a gateway into Kharar from the Expressway.

Smaller-scale neighbourhood/ service centres will be detailed out as and when an

area zoned for residential use is ready for comprehensive development for these
developments to be completely self-contained and integrated residential townships.
As such, these centres will not be reflected in the Master Plan.

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 4.3.4 Institutional Use
Kharar LPA is served by several important Institutes of Tertiary Education, namely:
1. Khunimajra Polytechnic College (Figure 4.12)
2. Doaba College Engineering and & Technical (at the northern boundary of
Kharar LPA) (Figure 4.13)

The proposed social facilities to be provided at the regional-level (Table 4.4) in

Kharar LPA in tandem with the population growth is as follows:

Table 4.4: Proposed standards for social facilities at a regional level

Use Site area (ha)
1 Junior College 8
1 Vocational Institute 1.5
1 Special School 1.5
1 Community Centre (1 per 15,000 du) 0.4
1 Library 0.3
1 Indoor stadium 1
1 Sports complex 5
1 Swimming complex (1 per 20,000 du) 1.5
1 Recreation club (1 per 10,000 du) 0.45
1 Multi-purpose hall (1 per 10,000 du) 0.2
1 Bus interchange 2
1 Hospital – 100 beds (1 per 20,000 du) 0.4
1 Hospital – 101 to 200 beds (1 per 20,000 du) 1
1 Police station 1
1 Fire station (1 per 40,000 du) 1
1 Post Office 0.25

These social facilities will be allocated and updated in the subsequent amendments
and alterations to the Kharar Local Plan. The location of these social facilities will be
subject to the approval of GMADA and other Competent Authorities.

Notwithstanding the digital base plan prepared by the PEC as the governing base
plan, it is worthy to note the presence of facilities that can smaller in scale (some less
than 1 ha in land area) not captured in the PEC plan but in the Existing Plan 2006 for
Kharar and aerial images. Henceforth such facilities are not reflected in the Master
Plan and include:

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 1. Smaller Places of Worship
2. Cremation and Burial Grounds
3. Sports field

In the course of development of land surrounding these social facilities and other
facilities not mentioned above, these facilities should be respected and any relocation
of these facilities shall be subject to the approval of the land owners and/ or the
Competent Authorities.

Figure 4.13: Existing Government Polytechnic Mohali (Khunimajra) in Kharar LPA

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 Figure 4.14: Existing Doaba College (adjacent to Kharar LPA)

4.3.5 Park and Sport & Recreation

The Park areas include the 40m wide green connectors along the waterways
including the Jainti Devi Ki Rao to encourage waterfront recreational activities.
Notwithstanding the Jainti Devi Ki Rao is seasonal, the water edge can be beautified
with places for the public to use and connect to the water and to discourage illegal
encroachment along the waterway. The existing Maharaja Ajj Sarovar pond, an
ancient and historic tank, will be retained and enhanced with the provision of a green
buffer around it.

Sports & Recreation uses can be in the form of sports complexes, cricket fields,
stadiums and these can be implemented in tandem with the population growth for
Kharar LPA. A large tract of land designated for Sports & Recreation is used to
connect Randhawa Road (“Heritage Street”) to the Jainti Devi Ki Rao.

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 Kharar LPA is planned to be predominantly residential, the open spaces and
recreation areas at a comprehensive development/ neighbourhood-level will be
detailed out as and when an area zoned for residential use is developed as a
completely self-contained and integrated residential townships. As such, these uses
will not be reflected in the Master Plan.

4.3.6 Rural and Agriculture Use

As seen in the Existing Land Use Pie, agriculture occupies a predominant economic
position in the state of Punjab. In the planning of Kharar LPA, the contribution of
agriculture to Punjab is acknowledged and the balance between the conversion of
farmland into development land is assessed to see how this precarious balance can
be a win-win partnership of environment-agriculture-industry-research/ technology.
Agriculture areas will be retained for as long as possible beyond the planning period
2031. These areas will only be opened for development when the land within SAS
Nagar and the development corridor to Haryana and Delhi is exhausted. Utilities are
permissible in agriculture/rural land use (as per zoning regulations). The particular
sites for utilities would be selected and finalised after the feasibility study to be done
by an expert group.

4.3.7 Other Land Uses

No new manufacturing activities will be permitted in Kharar LPA. Some of the small-
scale manufacturing facilities such as textiles and pesticides, however shown on the
Existing Land Use Plan 2006, have ceased operations. Any other existing industrial
uses will be phased out subject to the requirement of Punjab Regional & Town
Planning & Development (amended) Act, 2006 and these lands will be used to that
shown on the Master Plan. The location of Utilities shall be decided by the experts as
per demand and their locations shall be permissible in all land use zones and in
agriculture / rural zone within or outside LPA.

4.3.8 Future Development Corridor

A possible growth corridor is designated along the Mohali-Phagwara (GMADA)
Expressway. The development of this area will be subject to the prevailing town
planning guidelines and Municipal Laws within the municipal limits and the approval
of the Competent Authority.

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 Having considered all the land uses to be zoned in the best possible areas according
to the site conditions, characteristics and economic projection analysis, the Master
Plan for Kharar LPA is attached (Figure 4.15).

Figure 4.15: Master Plan for Kharar LPA (Yr 2031)

4.4 Proposed Land Use Distribution

In the proposed Land Use distribution (Tables 4.5 & 4.6) which is to be read in
conjunction with the Master Plan, the 3 major land use components are residential
(28%), Agri-Recreation (17%) and Rural & Agriculture (24%) forming three-quarters
of the total land with the remaining distributed among the minor components. This
presents a “balanced planning approach” between land development and retention of
existing character of Kharar LPA.

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 Table 4.5: Proposed Land use distribution for Kharar LPA

Land use Area (ha) Area (ac) %

Mixed Use 118 292 4%
Residential 936 2313 28%
Institution 43 106 1%
Rural & Agriculture 798 1972 24%
Existing Village 114 282 3%
Agri-recreation 566 1399 17%
Utility 53 131 2%
Open Space (+Greenbuffer) 162 400 5%
Sport Recreation 106 262 3%
Water Bodies 62 153 2%
Road and Rail 367 907 11%
TOTAL 3324 8216 100%

Table 4.6: Proposed Land Use Pie-Chart

KHARAR PROPOSED LAND USE (Yr 2031)

292 ac, 4% Mixed Use

907 ac, 11%
Residential
153 ac, 2%
Institution
262 ac, 3%
2,313 ac, 28% Rural & Agriculture
400 ac, 5%
Existing Village
131 ac, 2% Agri-recreation

Utility

Open Space (+Green belt)

Sport Recreation
1,399 ac, 17%
106 ac, 1% Water Bodies

Road and Rail

281 ac, 3%
1,972 ac, 24%

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 4.5 Transportation

4.5.1 Road Planning Principles

Road Planning Principles adopted for the planning of Road network in Kharar
LPA (Figure 4.16) are as follows:

1. A hierarchy of roads comprising Expressways & National Highways being the

highest order, followed by major and minor arterials, primary access and local
access being the lowest level roads will be adopted for Kharar LPA;
2. This hierarchy of roads will be mapped over the existing road pattern for
Kharar and rationalized to form new traffic circulations for Kharar LPA to serve
land subdivided into roughly 50-acre parcels in site area each;
3. Existing alignments of roads, including village roads and katcha rastas, are
considered as they reflect the most practical connectivity between built-up/
colonies, neighbouring towns, villages and settlements;
4. Any Road widening of existing roads is taken from the centreline of the
existing roads. However, if such road widening measures would result in
severance of existing communities or densely built-up, such proposed roads
would be aligned to areas with comparatively fewer encumbrances in the
vicinity.
5. Where possible, existing village roads are upgraded to form part of the Road
Network envisaged for Kharar. Minimum road width shall be 35 feet;
6. 60 feet (18.5m) local roads on encumbered land linking villages and 80 feet
(24.5m) primary access roads on unencumbered land;
7. In view that Kharar and SAS Nagar form a contiguous development area, the
proposed roads in Kharar will be connected as much as possible, in hierarchy,
to the corresponding roads in SAS Nagar;
8. A 15m greenbelt is required for the National Highways and arterials (ROW >
48m)
Notwithstanding the above principles, review of the Road proposal is subject to the
approval of the Competent Authority.

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 Figure 4.16: Proposed & Existing Road Networks

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 4.5.2 Key Road Proposals

1. NH 95 and NH 21- MDR 21

1. Due to the importance of Kharar as a major gateway into Chandigarh, SAS
Nagar area, the two National Highways, NH 95 and NH 21- MDR 21 are
important bypass routes for through traffic. As such, these 2 National
Highways are retained in their existing alignment but safeguarded for road
widening (ROW 60m) to meet future demand.

Figure 4.17: Proposed Road Section: Highway

Highway (Dual 3) Highway (Dual 4)

Year 2031 Year 2056
ROW 60m 60m
Carriageway Width(X + Y) 10.5m x 2 + 12m median 14m x 2 + 5m median
Side Table on each side 13m 13m
Services reservation 13m on each side 13m on each side

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 2. Minor arterial (48m ROW)
This minor arterial loop is formed from existing roads to provide a scenic
“boulevard” drive through high density residential areas, existing built-up areas
& future residential areas and to separate the high-speed through traffic (from
the NH 95 and NH 21- MDR 21 from the local traffic between land uses in
Kharar LPA;

Figure 4.18: Proposed Road Section: Minor Arterial

Minor Arterial Minor Arterial

(Dual 2) Year 2031 (Dual 3) Year 2056
ROW 48m 48m
Carriageway Width(X + Y) 7.5m x 2 + 8m median 10.5m x 2 + 2m median
Side Table on each side 12.5m 12.5m
Services reservation 12.5m on each side 12.5m on each side

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 3. Collector Road (39m ROW, dual 2)
The Collector connects neighbourhoods, villages and development plots to the
minor arterial to NH 95 & NH 21/ MDR A. The undivided Collector is proposed
for segments passing through the existing colonies and built-up adjacent to
SAS Nagar. The divided Collector Road is proposed to provide a scenic drive
through the Agri-Recreation Zone and the Rural and Agriculture Zone. The
villages served by the collector roads are Bhokri, Rudiala, Khuni Majra, Badala
Niyashehar, Badali and Tirpari.

Figure 4.19: Proposed Road Section: Collector Road

Collector (Undivided) Collector (Divided)

(Dual 2) (Dual 2)
ROW 34m 80 feet (24.5m)
Carriageway Width 14m 15m + 2m median
Side Table on each side 12.5m 11m
Services reservation 12.5m on each side 11m on each side

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 4. Primary Access (34m (dual 2 & 80 feet (24.5m) dual 1)
Two different Sections for Primary Access are proposed. The 34m Section is
proposed for the areas adjacent to SAS Nagar which are high density areas.
The 80 feet (24.5m) Section is proposed for the other segments. Some of the
existing village roads are integrated into the Primary Access as 80 feet
(24.5m). The Primary Access provides the framework for subsequent
subdivision into 50-ac plots and direct access from individual plots into to
higher-level roads. The villages linked by the Primary Access are Khanpur,
Bhago Majra and Tirpari. In view that Kharar is more residential in character
than other LPA, the 80 feet Section proposed for Kharar will have a 7.5m
carriageway instead of the 10m carriageway to provide for shade-tree
plantation on one side of the road;
Figure 4.20: Proposed Road Section: Primary Access

Primary Access(Dual 2) Primary Access(Dual 1)

ROW 34m 80 feet (24.5m)
Carriageway Width 14m 7.5m
Side Table on each side 10m 7.25m
Services reservation 10m on each side 10m on each side

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 5. Local Access Roads (60 feet/ 18.5m)
These are the lowest level roads connecting between communities, villages
and development plots to the Primary Access roads and providing direct
access into individual plots. For practical reasons, the densely built-up areas
and colonies to the west of Kharar LPA adjacent to SAS Nagar will have 60
feet ROW.

Moreover, in view that Kharar is more residential in character than other LPA, ,
the 10m carriageway 60 feet Section proposed for residential areas in Kharar
is to preempt subsequent roadside parallel parking that can be allowed on one
side of road only by the authorities on selected Road Segments.

Figure 4.21: Proposed Road Section: Local Access

Local Access
ROW 60 feet (18.5m)
Carriageway Width 10m
Side Table on each side 4.25m
Services reservation 8m on each side

6. Randhawa Road: Heritage Road (40 feet/ 12m)

As discussed under Focus Area 1, this street has been identified to have a
human-scaled streetscape and therefore retained at a proposed 40 feet/ 12m
to contrast with new developments fronting spacious ROW prevailing
elsewhere. (Figure 4.4)

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 7. Future Intercity Connections: GMADA Expressway (PR 1) & Mohali-
Phagwara Expressway
• Kharar LPA has 2 major interchanges from the GMADA Expressway into
NH95 and NH 21. The proposed alignment of the GMADA Expressway skirts
Kharar to the north-west linking Mullanpur to SAS Nagar, Banur and Lalru.
• The Mohali-Phagwara Expressway (PR 2) is a spur off the proposed GMADA
Expressway. The interchange from GMADA Expressway to Mohali-Phagwara
is located between the two interchanges to NH 95 and NH21 to the west of
Kharar. This Expressway runs in an east-west alignment to lead to Phagwara
which is 110km away from Chandigarh. Phagwara is largely an industrial area
with sugar, textile and starch mill factories. This expressway will offer a high
speed, high capacity expressway link between the GMADA area and other
cities and towns in Jalandhar District and other districts along its route.

4.5.3 Safeguarding of land for road widening

There are two possible approaches:
1. Through the development submission process whereby in the application for
development on land abutting the subject road, the new erection will be
required to setback to the road widening line as a planning condition by the
Competent Authority for that development. Land subdivision takes place on
completion of the new erection and the ROW is identified as a new lot to
indicate that it is a ROW for a future road. Over time, as land abutting the
subject road is progressively being developed, a new ROW results.
2. Through land acquisition by the government and is used when there is an
urgent need to develop a particular road. Land owners are compensated for
the land taken and encumbrances cleared.

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 4.6 Conclusion
The proposal for Kharar LPA offers great potential for development flexibility as well
as for the economic development of Punjab. This Kharar Master Plan has described
how best the potential of the LPA can be realized. With its strong focus on Agri-
Recreation, residential character and public rail system, Kharar LPA exemplifies a
planning approach that is balanced (Table 4.6), sensitive and sustainable to the
environment. In doing so, it has taken into consideration the existing site condition,
the existing encumbrances, built-up area, alignment and widths of existing roads and
the unique character of villages and streetscape and presents minimal negative
impact to the environment. The Transportation Proposal has been developed to
support the demand generated by the Master Plan.

The implementation of Kharar LPA is a medium to long term process. The success of
the implementation of this development is dependent on many factors, some of which
are within the control and can be enforced and preserved by GMADA and the
Municipal Committee.

Mega/ Super-mega projects which have been approved and have had the land use
changed till date stand adjusted in the Master Plan irrespective of the proposed use
in that area in the Master Plan, subject to necessary environmental safeguards and
area norms/ standards for the project, subject to road network proposed in the
Master Plan / Regional Plan.

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 5 IMPLEMENTATION & PHASING
5.1 Approaches to Planning

Apart from essential services, many developments in Kharar LPA will be carried out
by the private sector, which is in line with the development objectives of the Regional
Plan. The time frame to implement development projects depends on two major
push-pull factors and market forces:
1. Saturation of real estate development in Chandigarh and SAS Nagar causing a
westward extension and drawing developers to seek more available and
contiguous land to develop more affordable housing yet within close proximity of
half hour drive from these 2 employment centres;
2. Completion of the Mohali Expressway which has two interchanges directly north
of Kharar LPA to NH95 and NH 21 and to the hinterlands of Kharar LPA, making
an eastward force on areas fronting the Expressway and those adjacent to the
interchanges.

Land pooling and reconstitution are allowed such that adjoining lands under different
ownership can be pooled together to form a comprehensively-planned development
by a private developer or by a private developer in partnership with the individual
land owners. Possible areas would include the two Focus Areas where private
developers themselves or in partnership with the State and individual land owners
can cooperate on a commercial basis.

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 Table 5.1: Possible Land Development Financing Possible Approaches
Land Use Acquisition Development Operations &
Maintenance
Residential Private-Sale of Private/ Public Private/ Public
Site/ Auction
Commercial Private-Sale of Private/ Public/ Private/ Public
Site/ Auction
Institutional Public/ Private Public/ Private Public/ Private
(inc R & D) (depending on kind
of facility)
Institutional Public / Private Private (BOO/ Public/ Private
(Neighbourhood Scale) BOOT)
Open Spaces/ Public-private Public/ Private Public/ Private
Recreational Area/
Commercial -Recreation
Road/ Transport Public Private/ Public Private/ Public
Infrastructure (BOO/ BOOT)

5.2 Development Phases

Two phases are proposed for Kharar LPA, these being:

1. The current planning period from now to Year 2031 (Figure 5.1) covering a
gross land area of 2,258 ac (914 ha) bounded by River Jainti Devi Ki Rao, the
existing railway line and the common boundary between Kharar LPA and SAS
Nagar;
2. The second period will cover Year 2032 to 2056 (Figure 5.2).

5.2.1 Phasing Rationale for Kharar LPA

1. To encourage areas immediately adjacent to SAS Nagar to be developed
more intensively or redeveloped as comprehensively-planned with facilities
and adequately laid-out roads in meeting the spillover residential demand from
Chandigarh and SAS Nagar;
2. To highlight and showcase certain areas within Kharar LPA such as selected
parcels of land within the Focus Areas 1 & 2 to be pilot projects for Sectoral
Development areas, emerging green energy research facilities, lifestyle
developments and new development concepts;
3. To provide for flexibility of the land in other parts of Kharar LPA to be allocated
for new development types and trends beyond the current planning period and
during subsequent reviews of the Master Plan per Section 76 of the Punjab
Regional & Town Planning & Development Act, 1995.

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 Figure 5.1: Development Phasing Plan (Yr 2031)

Figure 5.2: Development Phasing Plan (Yr 2056)

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 6 INFRASTRUCTURE PROPOSAL

6.1 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

6.1.1 Introduction
In this section, the vital components of water supply to Kharar LPA will be elaborated.

The proposed water supply & distribution systems have been conceptualized in
accordance to international standards, modified appropriately to conform to local
conditions in India.

6.1.2 Water Demand Projection

The basic assumptions of the water demand projection for Kharar LPA are as
follows:

• Unit water demand

Unit Water
Land Use
Demand*
Residential 250 lpcd
Rural Settlements 100 lpcd
Industrial 45 cum/ha/d
Commercial, Institutional, Utilities 45 cum/ha/d
Roads 5 cum/ha/d
Green Area 60 cum/ha/d
* lpcd represents litre per capita per day
* cum/ha/d represents cubic metre per hectare per day

• Fire fighting demand

Fire demand in kilolitres per day=100√p, where p=population in thousands
• Water Transmission and Distribution Losses
Total Water Loss of 15% includes 5% transmission loss and 10% distribution
loss
• Workforce consumption is incorporated into the respective unit demand
• Recycled water will be used mainly for irrigation purpose

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 • Green Area
10% of the plot area (for residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, utility
use) will be green area and gardening water for the green will be recycled water.
• Water demand for agriculture land is excluded.

Based on the land use distribution and population projection, the total water demand
by year 2031 is estimated to be about 100 MLD including 65 MLD of potable water
and 35 MLD of recycled water as shown in Table 6.1.1.

Table 6.1.1 Projected Water Demand for KHARAR LPA (Year 2031)

KHARAR LOCAL PLANNING AREA*

Total Potable Recycled

Water Demand 100 65 35

* Based on the projected population of 120,000 by Year 2031

6.1.3 Proposed Water Supply and Distribution System

6.1.3.1 Potable Water Supply and Distribution

Potable water supply and distribution system for Kharar LPA is shown in the following
Plans:

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 Figure 6.1.1 Proposed Potable Water Supply Main

Figure 6.1.2 Proposed Potable Water Distribution Zone

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 Figure 6.1.3 Proposed Potable Water Distribution Main

As shown in Figure 6.1.1, after treatment at the Raw Water Treatment Work
(RWTW1 / RWTW2), potable water will be supplied to the Local Water Treatment &
Storage Work No. 6 (LWTW 6) for further treatment and storage. From LWTW6, clear
water will then be pumped to the proposed water works (WW1 to WW5). As the
service corridor within the typical road sections does not include water supply lines,
dedicated reserve is needed for these potable water supply lines as indicated in
Figure 6.1.1. Figure 6.1.2 Proposed Potable Water Distribution Zone and Figure
6.1.3 Proposed Potable Water Distribution Main show the catchment for each of
the water works and the distribution network within each of the catchments,
respectively.

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 6.1.3.2 Recycled Water Supply and Distribution

The source of recycled water for Kharar will be the Sewage Treatment Plant No. 8
(STP 8). From STP 8, the recycled water will be conveyed to the water works (WW1
to WW5) first and then distributed to the consumers.

The proposed recycled water supply and distribution plans are as follows:

Figure 6.1.4 Proposed Recycled Water Supply Main

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 Figure 6.1.5 Proposed Recycled Water Distribution Zone

Figure 6.1.6 Proposed Recycled Water Distribution Main

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 Similar to the dedicated potable water reserve corridors, the dedicated recycled
water reserve corridors are indicated in Figure 6.1.4.

6.1.3.3 Proposed Water Utilities Facilities

Table 6.1.2 Proposed Water Utilities Facilities shows the details of the proposed
potable & recycled water utilities facilities in Kharar LPA. However, for the purpose
of safeguarding sufficient land area, the land area requirements of the water utilities
are based on the projection for Year 2056. Please take note that the locations and
land area requirements are only indicative and may subject to changes.

Table 6.1.2 Proposed Water Utilities Facilities

Land Area
Name Requirement Function
(Ha)
LWTW6 11.0 Potable water treatment & storage
STP8 22.0 Recycled water treatment & storage
WW1 1.0 Potable & recycled water storage
WW2 1.5 Potable & recycled water storage
WW3 1.0 Potable & recycled water storage
WW4 1.0 Potable & recycled water storage
WW5 0.5 Potable & recycled water storage

6.1.4 Recommendations

Since both potable water and recycled water will be used to support the development
of KHARAR LPA, two systems have been proposed to serve the potable water and
recycled water, respectively.

The source of potable water will be surface water while the recycled water will be
supplied from the treated sewage flow. The recycled water is mainly used for
irrigation purpose.

Within Kharar LPA, potable water / recycled water will be supplied to the water works
first and then distributed to the consumers.

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 6.2 POWER SUPPLY & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

6.2.1 Introduction

A power supply scheme comprises power source development, transmission, step-

down to usable voltage and local distribution network. This section shall discuss on
the 25-year (till Year 2031) planning on power supply and distribution to the Kharar
LPA in order to meet its power consumption.

6.2.2 Present Status

There is an existing 220 kV overhead power line and an existing 132kV overhead
power line passing through the middle of Kharar. There is also an existing 132kV
sub-station in Kharar.

6.2.3 Projected Power Demand

Based on analysis of the land uses of the proposed 25-year (2031) Master Plan for
Kharar, the power demand is projected at 360 MW as shown in the following table:

Table 6.2.1 Power Demand Estimation

YEAR 2011 2021 2031

Demand (MW) 108 270 360

6.2.4 Power Supply

Punjab State Electricity Board (PSEB) and/or Greater Mohali Area Development
Authority will be the main supplying and distribution agency in Kharar. To be able to
ensure this role, PSEB shall sign power sharing agreements with power producers /
sources for dedicated power supply to meet future demands as projected, such as
enhancing existing ones and/or from new-upcoming power stations in the regions
(Ropar, Bhatinda, Ranjit, Talwandi Saboo at Rajpura).

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 For further power supply dedicated to Greater Mohali on a long term basis of up to 50
years, as recommended in the Regional Plan, a 400 Ha site in Lalru is reserved for
proposed gas-fired power station, based on the possible gas supply line coming from
Sonepath, 80km south of Greater Mohali. An alternate 400 Ha site is reserved near
Kurali/Kharar for the possible gas line from Iran which would pass by the north of
Punjab in 5 to 10 years time.

6.2.5 Power Transmission and Distribution

Power Transmission and distribution system shall be based on a series of sub-

stations to achieve step-down transformation as shown in following table:

Table 6.2.2 Proposed Power Distribution System

Demand in MW 360
Locations KH1
Sub-Station
(220/66 kV)

No. of sub-station (SS) 3

Capacity of each SS 200
Total Capacity in MW 600
No. of Locations 4
Sub-Station
(66/11 kV)

No. of SS @ Location 3
Total no. of 66 KV SS 12
Capacity of each SS 50

From 220 kV to 66 kV
The existing 132 kV power overhead line passing through the middle of Kharar
(including its existing 132kV sub-station) shall be upgraded to 220kV and thereafter
be used for the source for meeting the projected power demand of Kharar. The
existing 220kV line which passes closely to the mentioned 132kV line, could also be
tapped for power at 220kV. A 30-meter wide corridor is proposed to demarcate the
land reservation for these existing/future 220 kV line. The upgraded 132 sub-station
shall be called KH1, as shown in Figure 6.2.2 Proposed Power Supply and

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 Distribution Plan. KH1 will house three (3) 220/66kV sub-stations with a combined
capacity of 600MW. They will be used for stepping down the voltage from 220kV to
66kV.

From 66 kV to 11 kV
After stepping down to 66 kV, the power is distributed via proposed underground 66
kV cables to the 66/11 kV sub-stations. The underground cables shall be laid along
the road corridors and shall replace the present overhead 66 kV lines. There are a
total of four (4) locations proposed for housing the 66/11 kV sub-stations. The four (4)
Command Areas served by each 66/11 kV sub-station location are shown in Figure
6.2.1 Proposed Power Supply and Distribution Plan.

Figure 6.2.1 Proposed Power Supply and Distribution Plan

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 From 11 kV to 220 V
Power flows to local 11 kV sub-stations for local distribution. From these local sub
stations, electricity is further stepped down and then enters the local network of
distribution boxes and cables where electricity flows at 220V and reaches each
household.

This proposed power transmission and distribution is shown in Figure 6.2.2

Proposed Power Distribution Network:

Figure 6.2.2 Proposed Power Distribution Network.

KEY NETWORK OF
POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
11 KV UG

UG
KV
66
220 KV OH

220/66 KVSS

DB
66/11 KVSS

DB DISTRIBUTION BOX
UG UNDER GROUND CABLE
OH OVER HEAD TRANSMISSION LINE

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 6.3 SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE

6.3.1 Introduction
A comprehensive surface (storm) water drainage system is conceptualized to
comprehend the 25-year Master Plan development of the Kharar LPA. This drainage
system will channel storm water quickly from the roads and plots for discharge into
the rivers, thereby mitigating any risk of flooding to the roads, plots or residents of
Kharar, especially during the rainy season from July to September. The local rainfall
pattern, existing drainage facilities, proposed storm water catchment areas and
drains network shall be presented.

6.3.2 Planning Objectives

The surface water drainage planning for Kharar LPA aims to achieve the following
objectives:
• To provide proper surface water collection and discharge facilities
• To protect people and property from storm water inundation
• To achieve fully gravitation storm water drainage flow, whenever possible (with
respect to the terrain topography)

6.3.3 Existing Conditions

i) Annual Rainfall Pattern

Annual rainfall in the Greater Mohali region varies between 900mm to
1000mm. The rainy season is typically from June to September.

ii) Existing Drainage Facility

Presently, there is no drainage network available in Kharar. By analysing the
general topography of Kharar from Survey of India maps, Kharar has a natural
gradient from the Northeast to Southeast. Storm surface water would flow
towards Southeast, with some discharging into Jainta Devi Ki Rao and Patiali
Rao rivers.

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 6.3.4 Planning Criteria
The planning of surface water drainage system for Kharar LPA is based on the
following design parameters:
i) Peak Runoff
The peak runoff shall be computed based on Rational formula:

Qr = C I A . (1/360)
where, Qr = quantity of runoff (m3/s)
C = coefficient of runoff
I = intensity of rainfall (mm/hr)
A = catchment area (Ha)

ii) Runoff Coefficient

The proposed Master Plan Land Use layout of Kharar for Year 2031 is
clustered into three (3) main zones namely i) Residential, ii) Agri-Recreation, iii)
Rural & Agriculture, with each zone occupying approximately one-third of
Kharar LPA. Hence, instead of using a weighted average runoff coefficient for
the entire Kharar LPA which may skew the actual quantity of storm water
runoff collected, it is recommended to use a coefficient of 0.65 for Residential
zone, 0.65 for Agri-Recreation, 0.2 for Rural & Agriculture. It should be noted
that the Agri-Recreation land should use a coefficient of 0.65 to suit the
proposal of converting part of the area into Residential land for the draft 50-
year plan (by year 2056), as well as to cater to any future possibilities that the
remaining Agri-Recreation could be converted to Residential or other forms of
built-up areas. Figure 6.3.1 shows the proposed runoff coefficient. Table 6.3.1
shows the typical runoff coefficient adopted for various types of lands.

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 Figure 6.3.1 Proposed Runoff Coefficient for Kharar

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.2

Table 6.3.1 Typical Runoff Coefficient

Land use Runoff Coefficient

Road 0.9
Built up (dense) 0.8
- Industrial general & heavy
- Existing built ups
Built up (mid dense to dense) 0.65
- Residential
- Business Park
- Institution
- Commercial
- Restricted Area
- Mixed Use
- Transport
- Utilities
Built up (low dense) 0.45
- Existing rural & villages
Green 0.2
- Recreation
- Park
- Agriculture
- Green Buffer

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 iii) Storm intensity
Planning of surface water drainage requires data regarding the intensity (mm
per hour) of the region. The closest available data were the hourly records of
the one-day highest rainfall in a year for Ambala for years 1972 – 2005
(except 1973, 1976, 1978, 1983, 1987, 1993) obtained from the National Data
Center at Pune. As Ambala is located just south of the planning boundary of
Greater Mohali Region, these rainfall data could be applied for Kharar. By
analysing these data, the rainfall intensity-duration- frequency (IDF) chart of
Ambala is derived as shown (with comparison to the IDF Chart of Singapore)
in Figure 6.3.2:

Figure 6.3.2 IDF Chart of Ambala and Singapore

IDF CHART
1000.0

100.0
i (mm/hr)

10.0

1.0
1 10 100 1000
t (min)

Singapore 5 year Singapore 2 year

Ambala 5 year Ambala 2 year

Source: National Data Centre Pune, and, PUB Singapore

For a 1-hour rainfall, the rainfall intensity of Ambala (and Greater Mohali
Region) is worked out to be about:
• 32mm/hr for rainfall return frequency of 2 years
• 53mm/hr for rainfall return frequency of 5 years

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 For other rainfall intensity values corresponding to durations of less than 1
hour, the intensity could be estimated using the following formula from the
Indian Road Congress:

 2 
I = Io  
 t +1
where, I o is the 1-hour rainfall intensity

t is the rainfall duration (of less than 1 hour)

I is the rainfall intensity corresponding to t

iv) Drain Discharge Capacity

The design size of the drain shall be designed to the discharge capacity of Qc
to cater adequately for the estimated peak runoff expected within the
catchment served by the subject drain. The Colebrook-White’s formula for pipe
drains (up to 1.8m or where commercially available) and Manning’s formulas
for box drain are adopted respectively:

a) Pipe drain design (Colebrook’s formula)

Qc = A.V
where, A = Flow area of pipe (m2)
V = velocity (m/s)
V = -2 (√2gdl).Log[(k/3.7d) + (2.51υ)/(d *(√ 2gdl)]
where, L = hydraulic gradient (%)
K = roughness coefficient (m) (0.00003m)
υ = kinematic viscosity (m2/s)
(0.0000009)
d = internal diameter (m)
g = acceleration due to gravity
(9.81 m/s2)

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 b) Box Drain design (Manning’s formula)

Qc = 1/n . A.R2/3 S1/2 (m3/sec)

where, A = Flow area of drain (m2)
R = Hydraulic mean radius (m)
S = Bed gradient
n = roughness coefficient (0.015 for concrete)

v) Drain Material
Drainage pipes are recommended to be reinforced cement concrete (RCC)
where pipe internal diameter is up to 1.80 m or where commercially available.
Reinforced concrete box drains are recommended where the pipe internal
diameter is larger than 1.80 m. Open box drains could be adopted if regular
drain maintenance is available.

6.3.5 Conceptual Storm Water Drainage Scheme

The Jainta Devi Ki Rao river, which roughly bisects Kharar LPA into two halves, shall
be the main river for discharging of storm water collected by the network of proposed
drains.

Fifteen (15) storm water catchment areas are proposed. The storm water in each
catchment shall be collected by a network of roadside drains. Catchments No.1 to
No.14 shall discharge into Jainta Devi Ki Rao. Catchment No.15 shall discharge into
Patiali Rao river. Figure 6.3.3 shows the proposed catchment areas.

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 Figure 6.3.3 Proposed Storm Water Catchment Areas

The proposed drains sizes (using intensity based on 1 in 5 years storm return
frequency) range from pipe diameter of approximately 1.0m (or box drain of 0.9m
width x 1.0m depth) for roadside drain along lower hierarchy road serving small plot
of about 6 ha, and up to approximately 7.5m (width) by 2.5m (depth) for a large outlet
drain serving Catchment no.14 area of about 390 ha of mainly Residential land use.
Figure 6.3.4 shows the proposed drainage networks.

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 Figure 6.3.4 Proposed Storm Water Drainage Network Scheme

To safeguard the existing rivers within Kharar which serves as important discharge
locations for the drainage system, a 30m river reserve is recommended along each
side of Jainta Devi Ki Rao and Patiali Rao rivers. Smaller reserve of 10m is
proposed for the existing riverlet which connects to Jainta Devi Ki Rao near Khanpur
village. The purposes of the river reserve are:-
i) To act as a green buffer, so as to discourage trespassing
ii) To accommodate for any future alignment shifting of the river course
iii) To allow for any future widening of the edge of river bed (if necessary)
iv) To allow maintenance access

6.3.6 Irrigation, Rain Water Harvesting & Flood Control

6.3.6.1 Present Status

To ensure sustainability of green space, rainwater harvesting has become important.
It should be noted that if the practice of rainwater harvesting is implemented
successfully, the expected surface runoff into the public surface drainage system will
be significantly less. Presently, local and private irrigation systems run within the

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 confines of the land owned by an individual. However the general findings of the
survey and studies done in recent past indicate that the ground water table is fast
deepening. Unless immediate steps are taken on large scale, the ground water table
will recede to unviable levels.

6.3.6.2 Water Availability for Recharging

Total rainfall in GMADA area is average 800 mm per year. The total land area of
Kharar is approximately 33 sq km. If rainwater could be collected from 50% of area, a
total of 13 x 106 cum of water per year is available for storage using rainwater
harvesting. Generally if the rain water harvesting collection system is not a lined pond
or constructed sump, then about 30 to 40 % of collected water will seep into ground
aiding ground water recharging locally. Such seeping water will enable recharging of
ground water. When the present village pond system is strengthening the entire area
shall have a network of such ponds, which will aid the rising of ground water in
Kharar area.

6.3.6.3 Available Systems

a) Land surface Catchments

Rainwater harvesting using ground or land surface catchments areas is less complex
way of collecting rainwater. It involves improving runoff capacity of the land surface
through various techniques including collection of runoff with drainpipes and storage
of collected water. Compared to rooftop catchments techniques, ground catchments
techniques provide more opportunity for collecting water from a larger surface area.
This technology can meet water demands during initial dry periods. Various
techniques available for increasing the runoff within ground catchments areas involve:

Collection of Filtration
rainwater from
open surface

Storage Recharge
and
Reuse

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 Each village pond in Kharar could be designed as a localised catchment area. To
accommodate this water, ponds shall be strengthened as shown in the following
illustration plan. In this way maximum rainwater could be collected locally. The drains
can also have properly designed silt and debris traps constructed at every 500 or 750
meters. They also can have vertical sand drains to allow normal water flows to
naturally recharge ground water. Such sand drains will act as local recharging points
and allow water collected from immediate area to be recharged in the same area.
This will reduce the cross sections of the public drains and also reduce the capital
cost of conveying water over longer distances by the public drains towards the
discharge outlets. This proposal is best implemented in village and horticultural
development areas. (Figure 6.3.5)

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 Figure 6.3.5 Proposed pond training

b) Rooftop Catchments
Systems defined in the vision plan can be suggested and incentive shall be given to
individual house owners for rainwater harvesting.

Collection
of rainwater Filtration
from roof
tops

Recharge
Storage and
Reuse

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 Conveyance systems: -
Rooftop Catchments System requirements: -
• The system consists of particular collection of rainwater, waterproofing
treatment to terrace etc. and hence will require precision and workmanship while
installing the system.
• Special roof treatment require pumping and storage system for supplying,
distributing the water.

This proposal is most suitable for highly urbanized areas.

c) Storm water from streets

Sump with sand traps shall be provided at intervals to the proposed roadside storm
water drains. These sumps will design in such a way that storm water will be
collected and it will reach down to enrich ground water table

6.3.6.4 Flood Control

Presently, there is no reported case of flooding in Kharar. However, since there is a

river reserve of at least 10m – 30m on each side of the rivers in Kharar LPA, this
same width of green cover area along the river could be strengthened for bank
protection for contingency. Green bund could be constructed at the outer edge of the
river within the river reserve, so that additional water capacity is created in the event
of flood period, which is of short duration. The height of the bund can be
approximately 2 to 2.5 meters only. (Figure 6.3.6)

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 Figure 6.3.6 Proposed river training

Such river training is essential to ensure stability of banks of the river during the
whole year and especially during monsoon. This will also increase the water
conveying capacity of the river. The same will also act as a physical demarcation
zone for the river reserve. The planned vegetation cover also prevents
encroachments and provides an aesthetic river front.

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 6.4 SEWERAGE

6.4.1 Introduction

The sewerage system is the core element of physical infrastructure that performs a
crucial role in providing a healthy and clean environment. This section presents the
projected volume of waste water generated by the Year 2031 and also illustrates the
proposed sewerage system for Kharar LPA.

For sustainable development and to enhance the environmental quality standard, the
planning of the sewerage system will provide adequate wastewater infrastructure to
ensure the following:-

i) the development of appropriate sewage carriage system with efficient

treatment is the key element, which acts as a pre-requisite for facilitating
balanced and harmonized development;
ii) to utilize treatment and disposal techniques that conserve resources and
minimize any adverse environmental impacts; and
iii) the sewerage project is appropriately funded to meet future development
needs.

6.4.2 Planning Objectives

Immediate removal of wastewater is the most fundamental role of sewerage systems.

If the wastewater generated by human activities is not removed and remains near
residential area, public hygiene will not be well maintained and the living condition
will become worse. The proposed sewer Infrastructure is intended to improve the
quality of life for the Kharar’s residents by providing an efficient and effective means
of collecting, treating and disposing of sewage.

The following approaches are adopted to achieve these objectives:-

• Provide capacity in sewer service areas to meet demands for projected growth
and the best environmental standards.

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 • Safe and sanitary wastewater treatment and disposal systems are critical for
any community to function, and Kharar is no exception for this.
• The provision of sewerage systems protects the cultural wellbeing of the
community by efficiently disposing of offensive matter.

6.4.3 Planning Criteria

The following planning criteria are adopted for the proposed sewerage system in
Kharar LPA :-

a) Sewage Flow

The sewage generation computation is based on 80% of the average potable water
demand plus 10% infiltration rate.

Based on the land use distribution and population projection of the various planning
areas, the sewage generated for Kharar LPA will reach 50 MLD by Year 2031 (refer
to Table 6.4.1). This figure is based on Kharar 2031 Land use table.

Table 6.4.1 Estimated Sewage Generated

Local Planning Sewage Generated (MLD)

Area
Year 2031
Kharar 50

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 b) Design Standards for Sewerage Network

The following general standards are recommended to be adopted in gravity pipe

network design:

• A minimum velocity of 0.6 m/s at peak flow for self cleansing

• A maximum velocity of 3.0 m/s to prevent scouring
• Based on the projected population for the development, a peak factor of 2.25
is adopted
• For sizing of sewer pipes Manning’s formula shall be used.
• Maximum depth of invert shall not be greater than 8 m.
• Maximum design depth of flow shall be 0.8 of pipe diameter at peak flow.
• The minimum diameter for a public sewer is 200mm.

6.4.4 Existing Sewerage System

Presently, there is no or negligible sewerage network provided in Kharar LPA. There

is no sewage treatment plant provided and some of the sewage is discharged into
soak pits / septic tanks.

6.4.5 Proposed Sewerage System

The sewerage network being primarily a gravity network is dependent on the

topography of the area. The terrain varies across the Kharar LPA and the general
sloping of land is towards South-West. The sewage generated will be collected
through a gravity network based on the grading levels. The gravity pipe will convey
sewage to the sewage treatment plant.

Four (4) main sewerage catchments are proposed for Kharar LPA as shown in
Figure 6.4.1 Proposed Sewerage Catchment. Each catchment may be subdivided
further during the detailed engineering stage by the detailed engineering consultant.
All four catchment is served by one sewage treatment plant – STP 8.

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 Figure 6.4.1 Proposed Sewerage Catchment

At this design stage, main lines’ collecting the sewage from the various elements is
proposed which will discharge the sewage generated into the proposed STP. The
proposed sewerage network for Kharar LPA is shown in Figure 6.4.2 Proposed
Sewerage Network. Subject to the detailed soil data, the proposed sewerage
scheme may have to be adjusted accordingly.

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 Figure 6.4.2 Proposed Sewerage Network

The proposed sewerage treatment system for Kharar LPA comprises both the
primary and the biological treatment in order to ensure effluent compliance with
Bureau of Indian Standards. The exact location of the discharge point for treated
effluent shall be identified at detailed engineering stage in consultation with the
relevant authorities.

The estimated capacity (by Year 2031) of the proposed sewage treatment plant is
shown in Table 6.4.2 Proposed Sewage Treatment Plant.

The location and land area requirements of the proposed sewage treatment plant are
only indicative and may subject to changes and site verification. The land area
requirement for Sewage Treatment Plant is estimated based on conventional sewage
treatment system (Activated Sludge Process) with tertiary treatment and ultimate
need for Year 2056.

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 However, if modern sewage treatment methods like SBR (Sequential Batch Reactor),
MBR (Membrane Batch Reactor), etc., were to be adopted, there will be substantial
decrease (40 – 50%) in the land area requirement.

Table 6.4.2 Proposed Sewage Treatment Plant

Capacity Land Area

Sl. Planning (MLD) Requirements*
No. Area
2031 (Ha)

1 Kharar LPA 50 22

* Sewage Treatment Plant includes the ultimate area safeguarded

for tertiary treatment (by Year 2056)

6.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

6.5.1 Introduction

Having the advantage of its close proximity to SAS Nagar local planning, Kharar is
intended to be a Sub-regional Centre of the Greater Mohali area. This district is
envisioned to be a premier urban centre and a destination for businesses and centre
for civic and cultural activities. Development in Kharar aims to boost the economy,
promote highest quality of life for all residents and create a sustainable and
conducive environment for its people to live, work and play

To tackle this challenge, having an efficient and proper waste management system is
utmost essential in Kharar district. Through implementing a proper waste
management system, this district would transform itself to a pollution free and livable
environment; hence attract growth in the development.

The following section presents a complete solid waste management system and
recommends the effective management of solid waste system suitable for use in
Kharar LPA. The consideration and criteria for allocating the solid waste facilities is
also discussed in the section.

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 6.5.2 Existing Condition

Presently, there is an existing landfill site of 5 acres (2.0 ha) located within the Kharar
LPA with a life span of 10 years. This is highlighted in the report of ‘State of
Environment Punjab-2007’ that was prepared by Punjab State for Science &
Technology, Chandigarh under Annexure 3.1 – Status of land available for disposal
of municipal solid waste and quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated by
various municipal authorities of the state. The solid waste generated in the current
district is estimated to be about 8.0 ton/day with majority of the waste from the
municipal source.

Crude open dumping is the most common practice. The daily amount of wastes
disposed onto this uncovered dumping site cause unpleasant sight and odour. The
prolong use of the dumping site will not only cause the pollution to the environment, it
also pose hazard to the public health. Therefore, it is recommended to close this
existing 5 acres dumping site. However, the closure of the dumping site should be
done in proper manner and follow the design approved under the rules by the State
Pollution Control Board. The occupier or the operator who own or manage the
dumping site will have to be responsible for safe and environmentally sound
operation of the facility as per design approved under the rule stipulated in the State
Pollution Control Board.

6.5.3 Effective Management of Solid Waste

Effective solid management systems are needed to ensure the safety of human and
safeguard public health by preventing the spread of disease. An effective system of
solid waste management must be both environmentally sustainable whereby it must
reduce, as much as possible, the environmentally impacts of waste management and
it should maintain economically sustainable by keeping the operation cost reasonable
and acceptable to the community.

It is envisioned that over the development period Kharar LPA will extend itself to be a
fast growing sub-regional centre. So it is vital to implement effective solid
management systems which take cares of these two crucial aspects.

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 An integrated solid waste management system approach is usually considered more
effective in economically and environmentally sustainable aspect. This approach
deals with all types of solid waste materials and all sources of solid waste. As
compare to integrated approach, a multi-material, multi-source management
approach is usually effective in environmental and economic terms.

An effective waste management system usually includes one or more of the following
options:

(a) Waste collection and transportation.

(b) Resource recovery by sorting, recycling and recovery materials such as paper,
glass, metals etc through separation.

(c) Resource recovery through processing waste and thus recovery of materials
such as compost or recovery of energy through biological, thermal or other
processes.

(d) Waste transformation (without recovery of resources) through reduction of

volume, toxicity or other physical/ chemical properties of waste to make it
suitable for final disposal.

Disposal of waste onto land in an environmentally safe and sustainable disposal

method in landfill.

6.5.4 Waste generation

Kharar is planned to be Residential Area where most of the waste generated will be
municipal solid waste. These wastes could be further classified into organic materials,
biodegradable, non-biodegradable and recyclable products for its different treatment
and disposal method.

Solid waste generation per capita (including recyclable waste) is broadly estimated
and presented in Table 6.5.1.

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 Table 6.5.1 Estimated Solid Waste Generation Rate

Sl No Source of solid waste Solid Waste Generation

1 Residential 0.8 kg/capita/day

2
Mixed Use 0.4 kg/capita/day
3
Institution 60 kg/ha/day

4 Sport Recreation 30 kg/ha/day

5
Transportation 30 kg/ha/day
6 Existing built-up & villages 30 kg/ha/day

Table 6.5.2 below shows the waste generated at the planning year 2031.

Table 6.5.2 Projected solid waste generation (by Year 2031)

Planning area Projected Solid waste Projected generation of
population by Year generation source solid waste by
(ha)
2031
Year 2031 (Ton/day)
3,324 120,000 Residential 77
Institution 3
Recreation and Open 27
Space
Transportation 11
Existing built-up, 29
existing villages,
agriculture
TOTAL 147

6.5.5 Waste Handling, Sorting and Storage at the Source

Waste handling, sorting and storage at source involve placing the waste in the
storage containers for collection. Handling encompasses the movement of loaded
containers to the point of collection. The point of collection could be done in the
following methods:

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 (1) Bin centres
Bin centre is a centralized point of waste storage. This waste is first transferred to
these collection points and stored in bulk containers or compactors. Each collection
point usually serves a precinct which comprises of domestic high-rise apartment
blocks, and may include shopping and commercial complexes, market and food
centres. However, the only disadvantage of this method is having separate groups of
workers to transfer waste from the sources of the waste to the collection point, thus
results in double handling of waste.

(2) Centralised waste chutes

Only one common centralized waste chute is provided with the discharge point
located near the lift lobby of each floor. The chute terminates in a storage chamber
on the ground floor where an automated waste handling facility is installed to serve
the entire block. This system eliminates doubling handling of waste and also
minimizes smell nuisance. However, it is less efficient as compared to indirect
collection from bin centres as the waste collector has to collect from every block
instead of collectively from bin centres that serve several blocks each.

(3) Litterbins

To ensure that streets and public places are not littered with waste materials such as
used cans, cartons of soft drinks, used bus tickets, wrappers of chocolates or empty
cigarette cases and the like generated waste while on move, little bins should be
provided on streets, markets, public places, tourist spots, bus and railway stations,
large commercial complexes, etc at a distance ranging from 25metres to 250metres
depending on the local condition.

Removal of waste from these litter bins should be done by beat sweepers during their
street cleaning operations. Waste from the litterbins should be directly transferred
into the bulk bin.

6.5.6 Waste Collection

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 An efficient waste collection system should include determination and/or separation
of waste based on the nature, volume, source location, disposal destination and
relative cost of waste collection.

Waste collection services for the domestic and trade premises can be done by
inviting waste management companies to tender and compete for license to become
the authorised waste collector. Successful tenderers were appointed as Public Waste
Collectors (PWCs) for the respective sectors for a term, say 5-year period. Licensed
waste collectors are required to comply with the Environmental Public Health
Regulations and guidelines stipulated by Punjab Pollution Control Board.

The waste collectors can provide waste collection services from households, trade
premises, commercial buildings and industrial premises daily. Waste can be collected
by the following listed methods:

(1) Direct collection

This method involves the removal of waste directly from individual domestic premises
in landed private housing estates and individual trade premises such as shop houses.
A waste truck with the collection crew move from door to door to collect the waste
placed outside the premises. However, this method usually requires more time for
collection and involves more labour for waste collection. As a result, it incurs
relatively higher operational cost.

(2) Indirect collection

This method involves the collection of waste from designated centralized collection
points such as bin centres and centralized waste chutes. This method is generally
more productive and efficient as the bulk refuse is collected from bin centre hence
reduce the collection time.

6.5.7 Sorting, Processing and Transformation of Solid Waste

The sorting, processing and transformation of solid waste materials is another crucial
functional process in the waste management system. The recovery of sorted
materials, processing of solid waste and transformation of solid waste occurs

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 primarily in locations away from the source of waste generation. Sorting of mixed
wastes could take place at the transfer station or/and at source. Sorting often
includes the separation of bulky items, separation of waste components by size using
screens, manual separation of waste components, and separation of ferrous and
non-ferrous metal.

Waste processing is undertaken to recover conversion products and energy. The

organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) can be transformed by a variety of
biological and thermal processes. The most commonly used biological transformation
process is aerobic composting. The most commonly used thermal transformation
process is incineration.

Waste transformation is undertaken to reduce the volume, weight, size or toxicity of

waste without resource recovery. Transformation may be done by variety of
mechanical (eg shredding), thermal (eg. incineration without energy recovery) or
chemical (eg. encapsulation) techniques.

6.5.8 Transfer and Transport of Waste

Transfer and transport of waste usually involves two steps: (i) the transfer of wastes
from the smaller collection vehicle to the larger transport equipment and (ii) the waste
is then loaded into larger vehicles (eg. transfer trailers) for long haul transport to a
final processed or disposal site. The transfer of load usually takes place at a transfer
station. The station is marked as transfer station 3 (TS3) within the Kharar LPA as
shown in Figure 6.5.1. The land area allocated for this facility is about 0.3 ha.

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 Figure 6.5.1 Solid waste facilities in Kharar LPA

6.5.9 Waste Disposal

Generally, majority of the solid wastes generated can be disposed of at sanitary

landfills and considerable quantity of solid waste can be disposed by other methods
such as composting and recycling of waste.

Location of landfill has been earmarked during the structure plan stage – LFS1, LFS2
and LFS3. The solid waste generated from Kharar is to be disposed off at landfill site
LFS1 located outside the district.

Waste should be sorted and separated accordingly before disposed off to landfill site.
Type of waste disposal to landfill site should be limited to non-biodegradable, inert
waste and other waste that are not suitable either for recycling or for biological
processing.

6.5.9.1 Sanitary Landfill

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 Sanitary landfill within the Kharar district would definitely pose health hazard to the
community of the residential and public areas. Hence, it is recommended to locate
the landfill site out of Kharar LPA.

The following are the considerations for locating the sanitary landfill site outside the
Kharar LPA:-

• No residential development within 250 meters from the perimeter of the

proposed landfill cell development.
• No visibility of the proposed landfill cell development area from residential
neighborhoods within 1 km
• Groundwater table's seasonally high level (i.e., 10 year high) should be at
least 1.5 meters below the proposed base of any excavation or site
preparation to enable landfill cell development.
• A minimum depth of 1 meter of soils above the groundwater table's
seasonably high level exists.
• No underlying limestone, carbonate, fissured or other porous rock formations
which would be incompetent as barriers to leachate and gas migration, where
the formations are more than 1.5 meter in thickness and present as the
uppermost geologic unit above sensitive groundwaters.
• No environmentally significant wetlands of important biodiversity or
reproductive value are present within the potential area of the landfill cell
development.
• No perennial stream within 300 meters down gradient of the proposed landfill
cell development
• No siting within a floodplain subject to 10-year floods to eliminate the potential
for washout.
• None of the areas within the landfill boundaries are part of the 10-year
groundwater recharge area for existing or pending water supply development.
• No known rare or endangered species or significant protected forests are
within 500 meters of the landfill cell development area.
• No open areas of high winds, otherwise windblown litter will not be readily
manageable.

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 • Avoid siting within 1 km of culturally sensitive sites where public acceptance
might be unlikely (i.e., memorial sites, churches, schools) and avoid access
roads which would pass by such sites.
• No major lines of electrical transmission or other infrastructure (i.e., gas, sewer,
water lines) are crossing the landfill cell development area.

Besides population and solid waste generation rate figures estimated for the
municipal waste, the quantity of solid waste generation required for landfill will also
depend on other factors such as :-
1) projected population in Kharar LPA (Ultimate population by Year 2056 is
300,000)
2) solid waste generation rate from different source as shown in Table 6.5.1.
3) ratio of solid waste for landfill (assumed to be 0.70)
4) density and volume of compacted solid waste landfill
5) volume of compacted soil cover
6) volume of compacted total landfill volume
7) design life for landfill
8) depth of landfill (assumed to be 10m maximum – 3m below ground and 7m
above ground)
9) areas required for leachate treatment / evaporation ponds (assumed to be 2
ha)
10) areas required for receiving solid waste (assumed to be 2 ha)
11) areas required for buffer zone (assumed to be 10% of total areas required for
landfill, leachate treatment / evaporation ponds and receiving solid waste)

The amount of waste to be generated within the proposed Kharar development up to

year 2031 is projected to be about 156 tonnes per day. This amount of the waste
will temporarily be stored in the transfer station 3 (TS3) and later disposed off in the
sanitary landfill site.

About 16 ha of land out of allocated landfill area in LFS1 will be required for the
purpose of waste disposal for Kharar till year 2031. The required landfill area
includes receiving areas, leachate treatment / evaporation ponds and landscaped

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 buffer zone. Sanitary landfill is commonly designed with liners to prevent toxic
leachate seeping into the surrounding soil and groundwater.

6.5.9.2 Incineration

In the long-term, the fast growing institutional development of Kharar district would
lead to a rising trend in the waste generation and output.

Continuous dumping solid waste in the landfill site will shorten the lifespan of the
available land and it is not sustainable. One method to inhibit the increase in the area
of the landfill site due to the constant waste dumping is to reduce the volume of
waste by incineration. Incineration is a more efficient waste disposal method as it
offered a high waste volume reduction of as much as 90%. At the same time, this
method provides a more sustainable solution in coping with the rapid increase
quantities of solid wastes in the long-run. It is considered a more effective method as
compared to sanitary landfill method.

Location of the incineration plant has been earmarked in the structure plan. The
incineration plant is located at southern side of Greater Mohali Region and within the
Lalru district. Alternative location of incineration plant is to situate near the alternative
location of gas fixed power plant at the western side of Greater Mohali Region, near
Kharar.

6.5.10 Waste Minimization and Recycling

It is definitely not economical to rely totally on landfilling and incineration to solve the
disposal of waste problem. In the long term, it is essential to reduce waste to a level
that the disposal of waste can be handled at a reasonable cost, without threat to the
public health and within the assimilation capability of the environment. The reduction
volume of disposed waste also helps to prolong the life span of the sanitary landfill
site.

To meet this challenge in waste management, the district regulator or developer

could set up a unit to promote and spearhead waste minimization movement. To

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 begin with, the initial creation of waste should be reduced as much as possible. This
way, it substantially minimizes the amount of waste generated and also to be
disposed off. Then followed by the 3R waste management hierarchy whereby first,
Reduce means avoiding unnecessary waste generation; second Reuse means using
material again; and third Recycle means converting unwanted material into useful
and marketable products.

Waste minimization programme could be promoted to the public in homes,

condominiums, private apartment estates, schools, industrial estates, offices, hotels,
etc. This can be done by having public awareness campaign such as Clean and
Green Campaign, Recycling Awareness, and through giving talks to school
population, industry and community. Implementation of the recycling programme in
the Kharar district can be done through encouraging active public participation.

6.6 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION

6.6.1 Introduction

This section will give a forecast of the telecommunications requirements in Kharar

LPA based on the proposed broad land utilization and the projected population. It will
include recommendations on the pipeline routing, the number of exchanges required,
and technologies that could be deployed for the region.

6.6.2 Demand for Telecommunications Services

Kharar LPA has been designated as a Sub-Regional Centre. The projected

telecommunications requirement for 2031 is shown in the table below:

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 Table 6.6.1 Projected Telecom Subscribers for KHARAR LPA (Year 2031)

Local Planning
Projected Telecom Subscribers
Area
KHARAR 40,000

As can be seen, the telephone demand is small as the region has a relatively small
population. Nonetheless, we are proposing that the region be equipped with modern
telecommunications infrastructure and services, especially broadband and mobile
data services.

The assumptions used for the estimation are as follows:

a) Every household would have one fixed telephone line by 2031.

(Note: The fixed line voice service as we know it today could very well have
disappeared by 2031. Voice traffic would be just one of the many applications
(VOIP) over the broadband network.
b) Number of people per household is 5.
c) Business demand is 40% of the total demand for basic telephone service.
d) All households should be equipped with fiber connections and can request
for fixed broadband connections of 1Gbps and beyond.
e) All business buildings should have optical fibers terminated in the buildings
with bandwidth of 100Mbps or higher. To save cost, customers who already
have Cat5/Cat6 internal cablings should have the flexibility to initially re-
utilize their Cat5/Cat6 cablings until such time when they are replaced by
fibers as well. All schools should be equipped with optical fibers with
100Mbps or higher.
f)Mobile broadband of 10Mbps should be made available to anyone who wishes
to have it.

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 6.6.3 New ICT Infrastructure

Kharar’s fixed voice service is presently served from a TDM Exchange via copper
cables. As for broadband service, there are only a very small number of broadband
customers and they are served via ADSL or CableTV technology. The newer
applications like video and HD TV require much larger bandwidth and, although the
existing technologies can be further improved to carry slightly higher bandwidth,
there is a limit to what can be achieved. New infrastructure that is able to carry much
larger bandwidth has therefore to be provided.

We are recommending for fibers to be run to homes and all commercial building
(FTTH/FTTB/FTTC), instead of prolonging the life of the existing infrastructure with
upgraded versions of XDSL as some countries are trying to do. For those countries,
their rationale for doing that is to maximize on the very extensive copper based
network that they already have in place. In the case of Kharar, however, the existing
copper based access network is not extensive, as the region has only a very small
population and is relatively under developed. There is therefore no compelling reason
to go on rolling out more copper based type of network.

Optical fiber access technology is recommended as it has both the bandwidth

capacity and is future proof. All homes, commercial and industrial buildings, and all
institutions should be wired up with optical fibers. To cater for security and
surveillance requirements, some non building addresses like lamp poles and
structures in parks should also be equipped with fibers. The fiber access facilities
should be complemented by wireless wide area broadband technology.

Although wireless broadband has made huge progress over the years, there are still
a number of issues which have to be resolved before wireless broadband can be
used for very high bandwidth applications, or for a mass scale penetration. Given
time, mobile broadband will undoubtedly be an important technology because of its
mobility advantage.

The new FTTH/FTTB/FTTC infrastructure would be flexible enough to cater to

different needs of customers, as some of them may choose to subscribe to a lower

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 bandwidth capability and a lower class of service which can range from real time to
best effort service.

As FTTH/FTTB/FTTC would take some time to implement, ADSL and other existing
technologies would have to continue to be used to meet broadband demands in the
interim period.

6.6.4 Planning Guidelines

The planning guidelines for Kharar are as listed below:

(a) Fibers should be run in underground ducts and sub-ducts.

This is a more costly solution in the beginning when compared to overhead

cabling. However, it will more than pay off over the longer term, as there is
greater flexibility to cater for growth and plants replacement, especially when
technology is developing at such a fast pace and equipment and systems
have to be upgraded/replaced at increasingly shorter intervals. The use of
underground ducts will also facilitate maintenance, and enable quicker repair
time. It is aesthetically more pleasant.
.
The cost of laying the underground ducts could be minimized if the
construction work is carried out in conjunction with road works, or the laying
of other underground infrastructures, e.g., power, gas, water and sewerage.
This calls for better co-ordination amongst the various authorities. Wherever
possible, the ducts should be laid in the side table of a road for ease of
maintenance and safety for the staff involved in the construction and
maintenance of the infrastructure.

(b) For the remote areas, overhead plants can continue to be used until such
time when it becomes economical to go underground, or when an opportunity
arises for the ducts to be laid in conjunction with the construction of other
utilities when there is road widening or the construction of new roads.

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 (c) Existing outdoor distribution cabinets and other telecommunications
termination housings should be replaced by in-building equipment rooms,
wherever possible. This will contribute to a more pleasant environment and
also make maintenance easier for the maintenance staff.

(d) New buildings should have appropriate Main Distribution Frame (MDF)
rooms for the termination of cables and equipment to serve customers in the
buildings and the surrounding areas.

(e) For the major buildings and important customers, diversity routing should be
provided to ensure a more resilient network

(f) Mobile networks are a great enabler of productivity and will get more and
more popular for broadband applications. However, this also results in more
base stations having to be built. This adds to the visual pollution of the
environment. To minimize such pollution, the sites should be shared as far as
possible by the service providers, especially with more and more services
being met by mobile networks using frequencies in the higher frequency
bands which require yet more radio sites to be built. To soften the effect of
the visual pollution, the base stations could be integrated with the existing
building structures, and the surroundings camouflaged with colour matching
schemes and plants, where possible.

To meet the increasing demand for mobile services, more frequencies would
have to be freed for such purposes. Actions being taken by different
countries include freeing up frequencies by replacing inefficient analogue
broadcasting services with digital technology and the refarming of the 2G
GSM frequencies for 3G/4G.

(g) As more and more offices and homes look for better and cheaper ways to
meet their telecommunication needs, short range wireless networks like Wi-Fi
and Femtocells are being increasingly used to complement the wide area
networks.

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 (h) To minimize cost for the telecommunications providers, existing central
offices (exchanges) should be reused, where applicable. To optimize on land
usage, co-location of competitors’ equipment in exchanges should be
encouraged.

(i) To minimize the frequency of road digging, it is recommended that one party,
or a consortium, be selected to lay the ducts and sub-ducts. The facilities
could then be leased to the service providers at a reasonable price, and on a
fair and non-discriminatory basis for them to develop applications and
services for the end users.

(j) Similarly, to optimize on land utilization and costly mobile infrastructure

facilities, legislation should be considered, if it is not already in place,
requiring all owners of new buildings to provide rooms for the housing of
wireless equipment to serve the needs of the customers in the buildings and
the surrounding areas.

(k) For large shopping malls, a common shared indoor wireless coverage
system for all telecommunications operators should be considered.

(l) Likewise, a shared common radio coverage system should be considered for
all common facilities like road tunnels.

(m) As for satellite services infrastructure, guidelines should be put in place, if

not yet available, for big companies and MNCs who may want to use their
own satellite dishes to install such equipment in “Teleport” areas. This has
the advantage of locating multiple satellite antennas in one area with
common back-up power and security facilities. This also has the advantage
in that there will be fewer restrictions on the construction of new buildings
which may block the line of sight of the antennas if the antennas were to be
dotted all over the region.

(n) In the planning of the telecommunications infrastructure, there is the need

for flexibility, as more and more demands are being made on the

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 infrastructure and as technology is very rapidly changing all the time.
Sufficient space must therefore be provided for future growth and turn-around
space for the eventual replacement of both internal and external plants

6.6.5 Eco-Friendly Technologies

As Kharar is starting from a relatively clean slate, it has an opportunity to introduce

some eco-friendly ICT technologies to help lower energy consumption and lessen the
impact of pollution on its environment as the region becomes more commercialized/
industrialized.

Beside the actions recommended above to construct external plants underground,

relocation of Distribution Boxes to the inside of buildings and the sharing of
infrastructure by operators, there are a number of other actions which could
contribute to a more eco friendly environment for Kharar:

(a) Better use of ICT applications to help reduce the need for frequent travels
for businesses. This should help to reduce the greenhouse gas emission
from reduced air and road travels.

(b)Encourage the citizens to make better use of electronics means to carry out
transactions, instead of having to travel to government agencies to do so.
Similarly, banks and other companies can encourage or even incentivise
their customers to do more online transactions.

(c) Better use of video conferencing facilities for business. This should help to
reduce the frequency of travels, and will thus help in the reduction of
greenhouse gas emission.

(d) More innovative ICT solutions in the monitoring and management of

transport systems to ensure smoother flow of traffic and diversion of traffic to
reduce unnecessary gas emission from vehicles.

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 (e) Cloud computing and virtualization have been touted to reduce cost and
save energy. However, before any move is made towards this direction,
companies will have to do their own studies to ensure that special business
needs can be met with such a shift.

(f) Some vendors are starting to use more recyclable materials and using less
packaging materials as their contribution to a more eco friendly environment.

(g) Solar powered mobile phone chargers are starting to appear. This will
reduce energy required for charging the phones.

(h) Some companies are developing flexible eco friendly heat radiation sticker
to dissipate the heat from electrical equipment. This will replace the metal
plate heat sink, and thus reduce the need for fans.

(i) Consideration should also be given to radio base stations which do not
require air-conditioners.

(j) New generation of radio base stations using solar power or wind energy are
starting to appear and will be more eco friendly.

(k) Replacement of old and energy inefficient ICT equipment to lower energy
consumption and reduce operational and maintenance costs.

(l) Treatment of e-waste to contribute to a more eco friendly environment.

E-waste presents one of the biggest challenges for the environment.
Because of the sheer volume of electronic devices and appliances which are
being disposed as a result of the fast pace of obsolescence, proper disposal
of the e-waste is important so as not to pollute the air and waterways.

In summary, the above are some examples of efforts being made by different parties
to contribute to a more eco friendly environment. Kharar on its part can certainly
contribute to these efforts by employing more effective ICT systems to help reduce
travel, introduce better monitoring and management of its transportation system to

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 reduce energy consumption, replacing less energy efficient equipment with more
energy efficient ones, and to look for more effective ways of treating its e-waste.

6.6.6 Network Plan

Kharar is presently served by one Central Office. We are recommending that the
existing Central Office be reused for the new FTTH/FTTB/FTTC infrastructure. The
proposed routes for the ducts are shown in Figure 6.6.1 and Figure 6.6.2. The
detailed routing plan would have to be carried out later by the relevant party when
more information becomes available on where the demand is going to be.

Figure 6.6.1: Proposed Telecom Trunk Network

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 Figure 6.6.2: Proposed Telecom Distribution Network

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 6.7 GAS SUPPLY & DISTRIBUTION

6.7.1 Present Status

Presently, there is no gas supply in Kharar LPA. But gas supply is expected to be
available to Greater Mohali District in the coming 5 to 10 years. Hence, it is
recommended to plan and keep provision for gas network for Kharar LPA.

6.7.2 Gas Demand

Based on the Land use Master Plan, gas consumption in Kharar is projected at
36,000 Standard Cubic Meters per day by Year 2031.

Since there is no present gas distribution network in the region, there is no nodal
agency in the region catering to such facility. However, the GAIL (Gas Authority of
India Limited) can be considered to be the nodal agency. GAIL shall be responsible
to decide the planned implementation of gas pipeline to bring gas to Greater Mohali
District. Later, GMADA will have to establish either a PPP or a government nodal
agency responsible for gas procurement and distribution within Greater Mohali.

6.7.3 Gas Supply

There are two possible sources of gas supply for Greater Mohali District in the
coming 5 to 10 years:-

i) The first scenario is a possible future gas line tapping from India’s gas line
at Sonepath, 80km south of Greater Mohali

ii) The second scenario is from the possible future gas pipe line running from
Iran-Pakistan and passing through north of Greater Mohali

Hence, planning has accounted for both possible gas pipe supply either from
neighboring States or Iran-Pakistan. As shown in Figure 6.7.1 Proposed Gas
Reticulation Scheme, the proposed trunk gas line could reach Kharar from either

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 the proposed City Gate Station (CGS) located at Lalru, or alternatively from the
proposed City Gate Station located near Kurali.

Figure 6.7.1 Proposed Gas Reticulation Scheme

It is planned to have such a city gate station in the same area reserved for the
proposed gas-fired power station, as gas essential for gas-fired power station will be
also brought to Greater Mohali. The City Gate Station shall be responsible for
controlling the entry of gas into Greater Mohali. From the City Gate Station, each of
the six LPAs can be provided with individual dedicated trunk pipe line going from City
Gate Station to each LPA (e.g. CGS to SAS Nagar, CGS to Zirakpur, CGS to Kharar)

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 6.7.4 Gas Distribution Network

Trunk gas supply reaching Kharar would reach its Zonal Regulating Station where
pressure is reduced prior to distribution to the plots.

From the Zonal Regulating Station, the proposed gas distribution network is
proposed along each road corridor on either side, with the width reserved for such
pipe laying restricted to about 0.5 meters width on secondary and inside roads and
to 1.5 meters on all main roads. This service corridor shall be the main core of the
network for gas distribution.

On reaching the plots, the Service Regulator which reduces the gas pressure from 4
bar to 100 mbar and ensures the flow of gas at constant pressure at all time.
Thereafter, buried pipes provide low-pressure gas (100 mbar) to serve individual
buildings. The meter regulator in the building will further reduce the gas from 100
mbar to 21 mbar.

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 6.8 OVERALL INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN

The locations and safeguarded land areas for various proposed infrastructure/utilities
in Kharar, including water, sewerage, solid waste, power, telecom, gas, are shown in
Figure 6.8.1 Overall Infrastructure Plan (Year 2031).

The proposed utilities locations and safeguarded land areas are indicative only and
subject to changes during site verification and detailed planning and design stage.

Figure 6.8.1 Overall Infrastructure Plan (Year 2031)

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 7 SPECIAL AND DETAILED CONTROLS FOR KHARAR LPA

The DCR or Zoning Regulations according to Section 70 of the Punjab Regional &
Town Planning & Development Act, 1995, regulate the location, height, number of
storeys and size of buildings and other structures, open spaces and the use of
buildings, structure and land within LPAs.

No development or change of use of any land within the GMR shall be undertaken or
carried out without obtaining permission in writing from the competent authority that
may require the compliance to Zoning Regulations, payment of development charge
or betterment charge leviable under the Punjab Regional & Town Planning &
Development Act, 1995, Sections 70 (d) and 80.

Development is construed as the carrying out of building, engineering, mining,

quarrying or other operations in, on, over or under land or making of any structural or
material change in any building or land including that which affects the appearance or
any feature of a heritage site and includes demolition of any part or whole of the
building or change in use of any building or land and also includes reclamation,
redevelopment, a layout or sub-division of any land, as defined per the Punjab
Regional & Town Planning & Development Act, 2006.

No development shall be allowed on land within Kharar LPA notified under the
following categories:
1. Indian Forest Act, 1927
2. Forest Conservation Act, 1980
3. Sections 4 and 5, The Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900
4. Area notified for compulsory land acquisition for any public purpose.

Without affecting the generality of the foregoing, no development shall be allowed on

land in any of the following areas not be specifically zoned as “Ecologically-Sensitive
Areas” located within Kharar LPA.

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 1. Aquifers, Reservoirs, recharge areas, and other watershed lands;
2. Grasslands, fields, or forest lands;
3. Fresh and salt water marshes and other wetlands;
4. Waterbodies, river, stream, lake and pond frontage;
5. Within the stipulated 30m River Reserve on both sides of River Jainti Devi Ki
Rao: 10m on both sides of any other river shown on the Master Plan, a 20m
green buffer around any waterbody shown on the Master Plan;
6. Scenic vistas;
7. Land for wildlife habitat or biodiversity or nature preserves.

Developers are to abide to the zoning and planning intention of the plan.

A common principle for all developments in Kharar LPA will be that the total gross
land shall be used to calculate the Total Covered Area, gross land area refers to land
prior to the surrender of land for utilities and public facilities.

It is envisaged that these proposed DCR will be administered closely and will be
reviewed periodically with the maturing of the planning and development control
process and changing public aspirations as per the provisions of Punjab Regional &
Town Planning & Development (amended) Act, 2006.

In the preparation of these DCR, the following documents have been referred to:
1. Punjab Regional & Town Planning & Development (amended) Act, 2006
2. Punjab Urban Planning & Development Authority (Building) Rules 1996, Part IV
3. National Building Code of India 2005, Bureau of India Standards
4. Time-Saver Standards for Urban Design (1st edition). Donald Watson, Robert G.
Shibley, Alan J. Plattus, McGraw-Hill, 2003
5. Development Control Handbook Series, Urban Redevelopment Authority,
Singapore
6. Local Municipal Building Bye-laws

In Kharar LPA, there are two Special Areas that warrant specific Development
Control Regulations to set it apart from the other land uses. These Special Areas are
elaborated as follows:

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 7.1 Focus Area 1: Randhawa Road (Heritage Street)

The Focus Area 1, Randhawa Road is

designated as a “Heritage Street” as a contrast
with the new Town Centre along NH 95 (Figure
7.1). A more human-scaled environment-
community place is encouraged with retail trades
and services on the ground floor. The street is
narrower to deliberately reduce vehicular traffic
speed and encourage high human traffic and pedestrian movement.

Figure 7.1: Location of Focus Area 1

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 Table 7.1: Development Control Parameters for Buildings fronting Randhawa Road

Development Control Description

Parameter
1 Building Use Retail services at the ground floor
Residential on the upper floors
Such retail & services are encouraged to have
main entrance, façade frontage & pedestrian
access directly onto Randhawa Road
2 Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R.) Within Municipal Limits per Municipal Laws

3 Maximum Building Height 3-storeys (G + 2) within and outside the municipal

(Number Of Storeys)
4 Building Line
5 Maximum Building
Coverage (%)
limits
With 10m setbacks within municipal limits and
30m outside municipal limits
Front: To abut ROW
Rear: To abut rear service road
Any existing 2-storey buildings can be
redeveloped and the new development set back
to the required Building Line
Resultant of the rear setback (to provide the 7.6m
rear service road) and any front setback, where
applicable

6 Maximum Floor-To Floor Ground floor : 4.5m

Height Upper: 3.6m

7 Rear Service Road To provide a 7.6m wide service road

8 Service Areas and To be taken from the Rear Service Road. Access
Vehicular Parking Access from the main street is discouraged to encourage
a pedestrian-friendly environment.

Notwithstanding, passengers can be dropped off

from Randhawa Road.

9 Open Space Plots that have to comply with the 10m front
setback within municipal limits and 30m outside
municipal limits, will be required to provide open
footpath on the balance land which will be
surrendered the strip of land to the State.

10 Plinth level The proposed plinth level shall not be lower or

higher than the existing/ proposed road level &
subject to the Competent Authorities to
encourage a barrier-free pedestrian friendly
environment along Randhawa Road.

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 Development Control Description
Parameter
11 Car Parking Each development shall be self-sufficient in its
own parking requirements per the parking norms
specified by the Government from time to time.

The on-street car parking shown in Figure 4.3b is

intended to be public car-parking to cater for
visitors to the Area and is not to be taken as to
fulfill the car parking requirements (wholly or
partially) of the development it fronts.

12 Façade treatment of Indigenous architectural style is encouraged

buildings fronting
Randhawa Road

13 Signs fronting Randhawa Signs shall be well-designed & integrated with the
Road architectural treatment and building form of
proposed developments.

Although a robust vibrant pedestrian-friendly

environment is envisaged, signs should not mar
the environment or compromise public safety,
structural safety, fire safety and light and
ventilation requirements stipulated by the
competent authorities.

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 7.2 Focus Area 2: Agro-Recreation Zone
The Focus Area 2 (Figure 7.2) is designated as a an Agro-Recreation Zone to the
north-west of Kharar LPA as a transition to the outlying agriculture areas to allow
greater flexibility for agriculture-themed uses within agriculture areas.

Figure 7.2: Development Controls on Focus Area 2

For the avoidance of doubt, under the Punjab Regional & Town Planning &
Development Act, 1995, “Agriculture” includes horticulture, farming, growing of crops,
fruits, vegetables, flowers, grass, fodder and trees; or any kind of cultivation of soil,
breeding and keeping of livestock including cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, fish,
poultry and bees; the use of land which is ancillary to the farming of land or any other
agriculture purposes; but does not include any land attached to a building for the
purposes of garden to be used along with such building and the expression
“agricultural” shall be constructed accordingly. The following Development Control
Parameters (Table 7.2) refer to the land that has been developed for Agri-
recreational-R & D use.

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 Table 7.2: Development Control Parameters for Focus Area 2
Development Control Description
Parameter
1 Land Use A maximum of 50% of the land area is allowed for
agri-recreational-R & D purposes. These uses
are deemed to be “Non-Agriculture” in contrast to
the “agriculture” use as defined under the Punjab
Regional & Town Planning & Development
(amended) Act, 2006.

The Plot for non-agriculture use shall be

subdivided and rezoned; excluding open-air
recreational areas such as Veg-Maze. Veg-
Mazes can be created solely of living, rooted
plants, such as maize stalks or trees and/ or
created from plants that have been cut and
attached to an object to support them.

Due to the seasonal nature of Veg-Maze, the

land for Veg-Maze can remain agriculture.
However, under the following conditions, the
approval and permit from the Competent
Authority in view of public safety, structural
safety, fire safety considerations must be
obtained:

1. Outdoor Veg-Maze of 1.8m (6’) or greater in

height created from plants that have been cut
and attached to an object to support them
requires a permit from.
2. The use of electrical equipment in a Veg-
Maze

2 Configuration of Converted The minimum Plot size per Development Plot is

Land 10 acres.

The 50% land to be converted for agri-

recreational-R & D purposes shall be contiguous
such that the Agriculture land can remain
contiguous and continue to function effectively for
farming and animal husbandry etc.

Notwithstanding, walkways integrating the

rezoned land to the original Agriculture land can
be provided.

3 Types of Permitted Non- Agriculture-themed Commercial Recreational

Agriculture Uses use
Accommodation:
1. Farmstays & Meetings Retreats, health spa

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 Development Control Description
Parameter
Campsites & Outdoor boot camps
High-value Non-Agriculture R & D use for:
2. New uses for agriculture including non-food
products
3. Test-bedding of Renewable energy using
agriculture waste materials & byproducts
4. New food-processing techniques for
export-oriented agriculture produce
including organic agriculture products
arising from improved productivity
5. Waste recycling & Industrial Ecology: using
of the byproducts of industries as
feedstocks to the farms

Educational:
6. Discovery Centre: to showcase complete
cycle of farming to final product, advances
in agricultural production, New Uses for
Agriculture
7. Universities
8. Food Processing Institutes
9. Training Centres, Expo
10. Cluster of environmental technology
companies

4 Non-Permitted Uses 1. Land-intensive commercial recreation

developments in the form of golf courses
will be discouraged due to:
• Priority to encourage R & D activities and
agriculture-themed recreation facilities that
will benefit the masses
• Its environmental impact to the
surrounding agriculture land
• Existing Land available is limited not all is
contiguous

2. Planned and Organised Residential

Developments

3. Industrial manufacturing

5 Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R.)
Development Plot size of Land Area <
40acres:
0.2
Development Plot size of Land Area >
40acres:
0.2 subject to a maximum Total Covered Area
per Plot of 20,000m2.

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 Development Control Description
Parameter
6 Maximum Building Height 3-storeys (G + 2)
(Number Of Storeys)
7 Building Line To comply to the minimum road buffer & setbacks
shown in Focus Area 2 Development Control
Plan for the common boundaries between plots
or municipal boundary.

However, building-to-building spacing within each

development is at the discretion of the developer

8 Maximum Building 40% (inclusive paved areas) with a minimum

Coverage (%) 20% Open Space/ Green/ Landscaped Area

9 Maximum Floor-To Floor Ground floor : 4.5m

Height Upper: 3.6m

10 Access Road into each Plot Minimum 40’ (12m) ROW for a dual-1
carriageway. Additional Vehicular access other
than that for agriculture purposes shall not be
permitted on the original Agriculture land.

11 Open Space Minimum 20% Open Space/ Green/ Landscaped

Area

12 Subsequent Development Any subsequent land subdivision/ conversion of

either the portion zoned for non-agriculture or the
original agriculture, any increase in Total Covered
Area from that derived from the original approved
Floor Area Ratio is subject to the approval of the
Competent Authority and development charge
leviable

13 Car Parking R & D use

2 car parking lot per 100 sqm of Total Covered
Area
Lodging Accommodation:
1 car parking lot per guest room
Commercial-Recreation:
2 car parking lot per 100 sqm of Total Covered
Area
1 coach space per 100 tourists per day

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 7.3 Residential Use

7.3.1 Minimum road width

The minimum width of the roads within residential zones shall be 10 m (35 feet). If
the existing road is narrower than that, proportional land shall be safeguarded on
both sides of the road for widening to comply with the minimum requirement. The
buildings on these roads shall not exceed ground plus two (G+2) storeys.

7.3.2 Group/ flatted housing developments

Group housing/ flatted development shall be on minimum of 60 feet (18 m) existing or
proposed road, and FAR for such development shall not be more than 1:1.75 per
acre and height shall not exceed 22.5 metres, within and outside the municipal limits.

Construction of residential houses and sold by promoters on floor basis shall also be
termed as group/ flatted housing developments and parking requirement shall be as
per group housing norms.

Since the proposals in the master plan are very detailed and are up to the zonal level,
hence separate Zonal Development Plan shall not be prepared.

Residential development on minimum 25 acres of land outside the municipal limit

shall be allowed subject to the condition that it shall be a regular shaped compact
piece of land having access to the social infrastructure services.

7.3.3 Parking provisions

For residential developments in general, the requisite parking provision is 1.5 ECS
per 100 sqm of covered area. Equivalent Car Space (“ECS”) is inclusive of circulation
space.

There is a separate set of parking requirements for plotted developments (Table 7.3).

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 Table 7.3: Parking requirements for plotted developments

Plot Size Parking Requirement

Less than 85 sqm*

2 scooter parking spaces
Less than 100 sq. yd.*
86 – 168 sqm* 1.5 car parking spaces
101 – 200 sq. yd.* within plot area
169 – 425 sqm* 2 car parking spaces
201 - 500 sq. yd.* within plot area
More than 425 sqm* 3 car parking spaces
More than 500 sq. yd.* within plot area
*: Deviation of up to 10% of this control is allowed if it is arising from site conditions.

If any plot of 100 or 200 sq yard due to site condition, is 10% more than the standard
of 100 sq yard and 200 sq yard, the above parking requirement shall remain the
same.

NOTE:
(a) Size of the front gate on boundary wall and construction of front boundary wall is
optional to meet the parking requirements. No educational, social institutions shall
be allowed on road less than 60 feet (18 m) wide except in case of the nursery
and primary school. These institutes are also permissible in residential land use
as stand alone projects.

7.3.4 Allowable Commercial Uses within Residential Area

Commercial zones is not proposed in Kharar LPA as explained in 4.3.2 to help
ameliorate the problems of pedestrian and vehicular congestion within the town
center, as well as to contain the proliferation of existing commercial and mixed use
activities.

Within the proposed residential sectors outside the municipal limits, commercial
development shall be allowed on minimum 2.5 acres compact land provided it has
a minimum 20 m frontage and it abuts at least 80 feet wide road. There is no area
restriction for commercial development within the municipal limits but shall be on
minimum 80 feet wide road and shall have at least 20m frontage.

If a part of this 2.5 acres parcel comes under the master plan road, then the
project shall be considered for the balance area and permissible built area or FAR
shall be allowable only for the land available after deducting the area under road.

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 If the promoter/developer agrees not to claim any compensation for the area
coming under the master plan road, then the permissible FAR for the land coming
under the master plan road shall also be allowed.

All properties falling on national highways within and outside the municipal limits
shall have drive approach through service lanes which shall be at least 9 m wide.
Front setback shall be 10 m for such properties within the municipal limits. For
such properties outside the municipal limits, front setback shall be 30 m out of
which 15 m towards the road side shall form the greenbelt.

For stand-alone commercial complexes within and outside municipal limits with
height of more than three storeys, the additional criteria listed in Table 7.4 are also to
be complied with.

Table 7.4: Additional criteria for stand-alone commercial complexes (more

than three storeys) within and outside the municipal limits

Parameter Criteria
The minimum provision for commercial projects having no multiplexes is
computed based on 2 ECS per 100 sqm of covered area (including
circulation area).
For commercial projects having multiplexes/ cinemas/ theatres, the
minimum parking shall be 3 ECS per 100 sqm of covered area (in respect
of multiplex/ cinema/ theatre component (30% of the total covered area of
Parking that component) and 2 ECS per 100 sqm of covered area (in respect of the
balance commercial component plus circulation area)
Total parking requirement shall be provided in the compulsory front set
back and within the development site boundary (or in the basement).
Parking norms within the municipal limits shall be the same as notified by
the Department of Local Government.
If the development site area is more than one acre, a minimum 15% of the
Landscaping
total area is to be reserve for landscaping purposes.
For The minimum setback distance is to comply with the existing norms and
movement standards.
of fire tender

In addition, there will be provisions for small-scale commercial facilities at the local
level. These are intended to serve the needs of local residents only. These facilities
will not be shown separately on the draft master plan as they are subsumed under
the predominant land use. Such small scale commercial facilities shall not be
permitted on less than 60 feet wide road and shall be single storey. These shall have

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 a minimum frontage of 20m and shall be allowable with minimum 10m setback from
the road for parking purposes.

Other than commercial and mixed use activities, educational and social institutions
can also be allowed in residential zones as stand-alone developments. However, the
width of the road fronting these developments shall not be less than 18 m/ 60 feet.
Common Land / Shamlat Land / Municipal Land falling within LPA shall be used
either for social infrastructure like parks, playgrounds, golf courses, schools, hosptals,
community centre etc. or a compatible use to be decided by concerned authorities at
that time. For parks, playground, golf courses etc maximum FAR shall be 5%, ground
coverage 3%, number of stories 2, height 28 feet and hard surface 10%.

7.3.5 INTENSITY OF DEVELOPMENT

The following table summarises the controlled intensity of the overall development in
Kharar LPA.
Table 7.5: Summary Of Intensity Of Development
Land use Max FAR Permitted uses
1 Focus Area Within Retail services at the ground floor
1 Municipal Residential on the upper floors
Limits per
Municipal Such retail & services are encouraged to have
Laws main entrance, façade frontage & pedestrian
access directly onto Randhawa Road.

2 Focus Area FAR = 0.5 Agriculture-themed Commercial Recreational use

2 1. Accommodation (Temporary)
2. Farm stays & Meetings Retreats, health spa
3. Campsites & Outdoor boot camps
High-value Non-Agriculture R & D
Universities

3 Residential As per Dwelling uses:

Building a) Detached dwelling units, cluster housing, plotted
rules housing, Single family residences, townhouses,
garden apartments and apartments, villas

b) Worker dormitories and EWS housing

Permitted Ancillary Uses:

a) Cultural and recreational uses - parks and
sports field

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 Land use Max FAR Permitted uses
b) Nursery school
c) Parking area
d) Service uses like barber shop, beauty saloon,
clinic, Laundromat etc
e) Police or Fire Station, Post Office
f) Utility and communication uses

4 Mega As per EWS:

Residential approved One room and two room flats minimum 80 Units
Township project per acres. The allowable FAR is up to 1.2

5 Group FAR = As part of the overall sector plan/ layout plans.

Housing 1.75
6 Plotted FAR = Up to 3 storeys (Max 11.75 metres)
Housing 1.65
7 Institution FAR =1.0 Permitted uses include :
Secondary and Tertiary educational institutions;
Health Clinic, Medical Facility, Police or Fire
Station, Post Office, Religious Facility,
Museum/Archives, Secondary School, Medical &
Engineering Colleges, Technical training institutes,
international schools, sports.

Densities
Low density housing - up to 100 pp acre
Medium density housing - up to 175 pp acre

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 7.4 Transferable Development Rights

It is necessary to speed up the process of development. For that, the development of

public utilities such as roads, parks, green belts etc., should be done on top priority
which will encourage the urbanization. To make it realistic, it is necessary that the
land falling under roads, parks and green belts should be transferred to Urban
Development Authorities. To acquire this land, the prevalent way adopted till date, is
the cash payment of land acquired and 2nd option is to get the land through land
pooling scheme which has been approved by the Government. To speed up the
development process and to protect the interest of land owners, the land owners may
be given 3rd option in addition to above two options i.e. transfer of development
rights on the pattern of Maharashtra.

Under this scheme if a land owner transfers the land falling under roads, parks, green
belts etc., to the concerned Urban Development Authority, he/she shall be entitled for
additional FAR @ 1:1. No CLU, EDC, Licence/ permission fees shall be charged on
this FAR. The land owners according to their own choice can sell it in total or in parts
to any other person. The record regarding TDR shall be maintained by the concerned
Urban Development Authority on the pattern of Mumbai (Maharashtra). With this the
farmer/land owners shall have 3rd option in addition to cash compensation and land
pooling. To generate the value of TDR in the market, the present practice vide
notification no. 17/17/01-5HG2/7623 dt.19.9.07 for additional FAR on additional
payment shall, in area under GMADA jurisdiction, stop immediately. GMADA shall
come out with detailed guidelines on operation of TDRs.

Mega/super Mega projects in which more than 1.75 F.A.R for commercial or more
than 2.0 FAR for Group Housing and commercial is permissible or have been
allowed shall also have to purchase additional FAR from land owners. This FAR shall
be purchased from within same LPA in which it is to be used. The non Mega projects
shall also be entitled to purchase additional FAR on similar pattern. The development
projects (Roads, Park, Green belts etc.), to be under taken by the Urban
Development Authorities, shall be announced from time to time and TDRs shall be
usable from such projects alone. The TDRs shall not be transferable from one LPA to
other LPA.

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 7.6 PROPOSED LAND USE LEGEND & ZONING INTERPRETATION FOR
KHARAR LPA

Table 7.6: Proposed Land Use Legend & Zoning Interpretation For Kharar LPA
S/No. Proposed GMR
Zone Uses Examples of Development

1 Residential These are areas used or intended to be Residential developments

used mainly for residential include:
development. 1. Flat
2. Public Housing
Serviced apartments and student 3. Apartments
hostels may also be allowed. 4. Townhouse
5. Semi-detached house
6. Detached House
7. Strata-landed Housing
8. Retirement Housing
9. Serviced Apartment
10. Hostel (eg. for working
women, students &
youths )
11. Commercial on specified
roads
12. IT Parks
2 Mixed Use Commercial and residential use is 1. Cluster housing
allowed. Commercial quantum is 2. Group Housing
capped at 40% of the total GFA. For 3. Shopping malls
residential use, the minimum site area 4. Multiplex
is 2.5 acres. 5. Offices
6. Hotel / Service Apartments
7. IT Parks, Institutes
3 Agri-Recreation A maximum of 50% of the land area is 1. Agriculture related
allowed for agri-recreational-R & D institutions/Food Technology
purposes. Institutes
2. Research and development
(R&D) in Agriculture
3. Training centres for
Agricultural Technologies
4. Expos
5. F&B outlets
6.Agri-safari
7.Veg-Maze
4 Institution Health & Medical Care 1. Hospital
2. Polyclinic
3. Clinic/ Dental Clinic
4. Veterinary Clinic
5. Nursing Home
6. Maternity Home
7. Family Welfare Centre
8. Dispensary

Educational Institution 1. Kindergarten

2. Primary School
3. Secondary School
4. Junior College
5. Institute of Technical
Education
6. Polytechnic

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 S/No. Proposed GMR
Zone Uses Examples of Development

7. University
8. Religious School/ Institute
9. Foreign School
10. Special Education School
(eg. School for the
Disabled)

Place of Worship 1. Gurudwaras

2. Temple
3. Mosque
4. Church

Civic & Community Civic Institutions

Institution 1. Courts
2. Government Offices
3. Foreign Mission/ Chancery
4. Police Station
5. Fire Station
6. Prison
7. Reformative Centre
8. Disaster Management
Center

Community Institutions
9. Association premises
10. Community Centre/ Club
11. Community Hall
12. Welfare Home
13. Child care Centre
14. Home for the Aged
15. Home for the Disabled
16. Workers’ Dormitory
17. Facility Centre

Cultural Institutions
18. Television/ Filming Studio
Complex
19. Performing Arts Centre
20. Library
21. Museum
22. Arts Centre/ Science
Centre
23. Concert Hall
24. Socio-cultural complex

5 Park These are areas used or intended to be 1. National Park

used mainly for parks or gardens for 2. Regional Park
the enjoyment of the general public. It 3. Community Park/
includes pedestrian linkages. Neighborhood Park
4. Park Connectors
5. Zoological Gardens,
Botanic Gardens, etc.

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 S/No. Proposed GMR
Zone Uses Examples of Development

6 Sports & These are areas used or intended to be 1. Sports Complex/ Indoor
Recreation used mainly for sports and recreational Stadium
purposes. 2. Swimming Complex
3. Golf Driving Range
4. Recreation Club
5. Campsite
6. Water Sports Centre
7. Adventure Camp
8. Theme Park
9. Turf Club
10. Cricket Club
11. Handicraft – Thematic
fairs

7 Water body These are areas used or intended to be 1. River

used for drainage purposes and water 2. Major Drain & Canal
areas such as reservoirs, ponds, rivers 3. Reservoir
and other water channels. 4. Pond

8 River Reserve These are areas safeguarded for the

river / water channels during the wet
season.
River Jainti Devi Ki Rao: 30m on both
sides of the river
Other Minor rivers: 10m on both sides
of the river

9 Road These are areas used or intended to be 1. Expressway

used for existing and proposed roads. 2. Major Arterial Road
3. Minor Arterial Road
4. Collector Road
5. Primary Access Road

10 Transport These are areas used or intended to be 1. Car Park

Facilities used mainly for the parking of vehicles 2. Heavy Vehicle Park
and transport facilities including 3. Trailer Park
garages. 4. Bus Depot/ Terminal
5. Transport Depot
6. Train Marshalling Yard/
Depot
7. Driving Circuit/ Test Centre
8. Petrol Station/ Kiosk

11 Rural & These are areas used or intended to be 1. Agro technology Park
Agriculture used mainly for agriculture purposes 2. Aquaculture Farm (e.g.
and includes plant nursery. Also for Aquarium fish)
areas to be left rural and not needed by 3. Plant nursery
2031. 4. Hydroponics Farm
5. Agriculture research/
experimental station

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 S/No. Proposed GMR
Zone Uses Examples of Development

12 Existing Village These are villages which have been

conveyed by GMR to be left untouched.

13 Existing 220 Kv These are above ground power lines to

Lines be left untouched.

14 Utility These are areas used or intended to be
used mainly for public utilities and
telecommunication infrastructure,
including water works, sewage disposal
works and other public installations
such as electric substations.
1. Electric Sub- & Grid
stations
2. Gas Fired Power Station
3. Raw & Local Water
Treatment Works
4. Sewage Treatment Plant
5. Sewage Pumping Station
6. Incineration Plant
7. Landfill Site
8. Transfer Stations
9. Treatment Storage &
Disposal Facility
10. Telecommunications
Station

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