Bearing Capacity Equation of Hill’s, Prandtl’s and Terzaghi’s Mechanisms by Limit Analysis[1]

(CSE578 Soil Behaviour and Geotech. Engineering/CSE512 Advanced Geotech. Engineering)

Bearing Capacity Equation of Hill’s Mechanism

u ng
Ke
ok
PV0 γ r 2V
cos ( 14 π + 12 φ ) + 0 0 cos φ cos ( 14 π + 12 φ ) = cr0V0 cos φ + cr0V0 cot φ ( eπ tan φ − 1) + cr0V0 cos φ ⋅ eπ tan φ
2 2
3π tan φ
γ r02V0 ⋅ e 2

+2qr0V0 sin 2
( 1
4
π + φ )⋅e
1
2
π tan φ
+ cos φ sin ( 14 π + 12 φ )
2
Kw
3π tan φ
γ r02V0 3 tan φ sin ( 14 π + 12 φ ) − cos ( 14 π + 12 φ )  ⋅ e 2
+ 3tan φ cos ( 14 π + 12 φ ) + sin ( 14 π + 12 φ ) 
+ ⋅ 2
2 1 + 9 tan φ

∴ qu = cN c + qN q + 12 γ bNγ
where
HO

r0 = length of interface AC
P
qu =
b
N q = tan 2 ( 14 π + 12 φ ) ⋅ eπ tan φ

N c = cot φ ( N q − 1)
tan ( 14 π + 12 φ )  sin φ 
  tan ( 4 π + 2 φ ) ⋅ e 2 − 1 + ( )
3π tan φ 3π tan φ
Nγ = 1 1
3 tan ( 14 π + 12 φ ) − cot φ  ⋅ e 2
 + cot φ tan ( 14 π + 12 φ ) + 3 
4   2
1 + 8sin φ 
by

For clay soil (i.e. φ = 0 ),

Nc = π + 2
Nq = 1
ne

π π π π π π π π
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Nγ = 0
Do

1 of 4
Bearing Capacity Equation of Hill’s, Prandtl’s and Terzaghi’s Mechanisms by Limit Analysis[1]
(CSE578 Soil Behaviour and Geotech. Engineering/CSE512 Advanced Geotech. Engineering)

Bearing Capacity Equation of Prandtl’s Mechanism

u ng
Ke
ok
γ r02V0
PV0 cos ( 14 π + 12 φ ) + cos φ cos ( 14 π + 12 φ ) = cr0V0 cos φ + cr0V0 cot φ ( eπ tan φ − 1) + cr0V0 cos φ ⋅ eπ tan φ
2
3π tan φ
γ r02V0 ⋅ e
Kw 2

+2qr0V0 sin 2 ( 14 π + 12 φ ) ⋅ eπ tan φ + cos φ sin ( 14 π + 12 φ )

2
3π tan φ
γ r02V0 3 tan φ sin ( 14 π + 12 φ ) − cos ( 14 π + 12 φ )  ⋅ e 2
+ 3tan φ cos ( 14 π + 12 φ ) + sin ( 14 π + 12 φ ) 
+ ⋅
2 1 + 9 tan 2 φ

∴ qu = cN c + qN q + 12 γ bNγ
HO

where
r0 = length of interface AC
P
qu =
b
N q = tan 2 ( 14 π + 12 φ ) ⋅ eπ tan φ

N c = cot φ ( N q − 1)
tan ( 14 π + 12 φ )  
by

sin φ
  tan ( 4 π + 2 φ ) ⋅ e 2 − 1 + ( )
3π tan φ 3π
Nγ = 1 1
3 tan ( 14 π + 12 φ ) − cot φ  ⋅ e 2 tan φ + cot φ tan ( 14 π + 12 φ ) + 3 
2   1 + 8sin 2
φ 
Nγ (Prandtl) = 2 Nγ (Hill)

For clay soil (i.e. φ = 0 ),

ne

Nc = π + 2
Nq = 1 π π π π π π
4 4 4 4 4 4
Nγ = 0
Do

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Bearing Capacity Equation of Hill’s, Prandtl’s and Terzaghi’s Mechanisms by Limit Analysis[1]
(CSE578 Soil Behaviour and Geotech. Engineering/CSE512 Advanced Geotech. Engineering)

Bearing Capacity Equation of Terzaghi’s Mechanism

u ng
Ke
 π φ  3π φ
α = π −φ −  − = −
 4 2 4 2

ok
  3π −φ  tan φ   3π


−φ  tan φ
1
2
PV0 cos φ + 12 γ r02V0 sin φ cos 2 φ = cr0V0 sin φ cos φ + cr0V0 cot φ e 2  − 1 + cr0V0 cos φ ⋅ e 2 
 
Kw
 3π   9π 3φ 
 −φ  tan φ  −  tan φ
+2qr0V0 sin 2 ( 14 π + 12 φ ) ⋅ e 2 
+ 12 γ r02V0 cos φ sin ( 14 π + 12 φ ) ⋅ e 4 2 

 −  tan φ 
 9π 3φ 

2
 4sin φ + 
 3 ta n φ sin ( 1
4 π + 1
2 φ ) − cos ( 1
4 π + 1
2 φ ) 
 ⋅ e  4 2 

+ 12 γ r0 V0 ⋅  2 
 1 + 9 tan φ 
 
HO

∴ qu = cN c + qN q + 12 γ bNγ
where
r0 = length of interface AC
P
qu =
b
 3π 
 −φ  tan φ
e 2 
by

Nq =
1 − sin φ
N c = cot φ ( N q − 1)
  9π 3φ 
 −  tan φ  9π 3φ 
 −  tan φ 
1  4sin φ + 3 tan φ sin ( 4 π + 2 φ ) − cos ( 4 π + 2 φ )  ⋅ e
 4 2 
1 1 1 1
sin ( 14 π + 12 φ ) ⋅ e 4 2  
Nγ =  + − sin φ 
ne

2cos φ  1 + 8sin 2 φ cos φ 

 

For clay soil (i.e. φ = 0 ),

3π
Do

Nc = +1
2 π π π π
Nq = 1 4 4 4 4

Nγ = 0

References:
[1] Chen, W.F., Limit Analysis and Soil Plasticity, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1975

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Bearing Capacity Equation of Hill’s, Prandtl’s and Terzaghi’s Mechanisms by Limit Analysis[1]
(CSE578 Soil Behaviour and Geotech. Engineering/CSE512 Advanced Geotech. Engineering)

Prandtl's and Hill's Mechanism Terzaghi's Mechanism

Nγ
φ Nc Nq Nc Nq Nγ
Prandtl Hill
0 5.1416 1 0 0 5.7124 1 0

ng
1 5.3793 1.0939 0.0747 0.0374 5.9972 1.1047 0.0552
2 5.6316 1.1967 0.1601 0.0800 6.3004 1.2200 0.1198
3 5.8998 1.3092 0.2575 0.1287 6.6237 1.3471 0.1951
4 6.1850 1.4325 0.3686 0.1843 6.9684 1.4873 0.2827
5 6.4888 1.5677 0.4952 0.2476 7.3366 1.6419 0.3843

u
6 6.8126 1.7160 0.6394 0.3197 7.7301 1.8125 0.5019
7 7.1582 1.8789 0.8036 0.4018 8.1512 2.0008 0.6378

Ke
8 7.5274 2.0579 0.9907 0.4953 8.6022 2.2090 0.7948
9 7.9222 2.2547 1.2038 0.6019 9.0858 2.4390 0.9759
10 8.3449 2.4714 1.4466 0.7233 9.6049 2.6936 1.1848
11 8.7981 2.7102 1.7235 0.8617 10.1628 2.9755 1.4255
12 9.2846 2.9735 2.0393 1.0196 10.7632 3.2878 1.7029
13 9.8075 3.2642 2.3997 1.1999 11.4099 3.6342 2.0227
14 10.3701 3.5856 2.8116 1.4058 12.1076 4.0188 2.3914

ok
15 10.9765 3.9411 3.2826 1.6413 12.8613 4.4462 2.8168
16 11.6309 4.3351 3.8219 1.9110 13.6764 4.9217 3.3078
17 12.3381 4.7721 4.4401 2.2201 14.5594 5.4513 3.8751
18 13.1037 5.2576 5.1497 2.5749 15.5172 6.0419 4.5313
Kw
19 13.9336 5.7977 5.9655 2.9827 16.5579 6.7013 5.2910
20 14.8347 6.3994 6.9048 3.4524 17.6903 7.4387 6.1717
21 15.8149 7.0708 7.9882 3.9941 18.9245 8.2645 7.1942
22 16.8829 7.8211 9.2401 4.6200 20.2721 9.1905 8.3832
23 18.0486 8.6612 10.6895 5.3448 21.7461 10.2307 9.7681
24 19.3235 9.6034 12.3713 6.1856 23.3613 11.4011 11.3844
25 20.7205 10.6621 14.3270 7.1635 25.1346 12.7204 13.2745
26 22.2544 11.8542 16.6066 8.3033 27.0853 14.2104 15.4895
HO

27 23.9422 13.1991 19.2704 9.6352 29.2358 15.8964 18.0915

28 25.8033 14.7199 22.3917 11.1959 31.6117 17.8082 21.1557
29 27.8605 16.4433 26.0594 13.0297 34.2425 19.9809 24.7737
30 30.1396 18.4011 30.3819 15.1909 37.1624 22.4557 29.0579
31 32.6711 20.6308 35.4923 17.7462 40.4114 25.2816 34.1462
32 35.4903 23.1768 41.5546 20.7773 44.0357 28.5166 40.2089
33 38.6383 26.0920 48.7714 24.3857 48.0898 32.2299 47.4572
34 42.1637 29.4398 57.3947 28.6974 52.6374 36.5044 56.1542
by

35 46.1236 33.2961 67.7396 33.8698 57.7539 41.4397 66.6295

36 50.5855 37.7525 80.2014 40.1007 63.5283 47.1560 79.2979
37 55.6296 42.9199 95.2798 47.6399 70.0666 53.7990 94.6845
38 61.3518 48.9333 113.6096 56.8048 77.4954 61.5460 113.4579
39 67.8668 55.9575 136.0019 68.0010 85.9664 70.6143 136.4747
ne

40 75.3131 64.1952 163.5008 81.7504 95.6630 81.2708 164.8388

41 83.8583 73.8969 197.4582 98.7291 106.8070 93.8459 199.9836
42 93.7064 85.3736 239.6384 119.8192 119.6689 108.7504 243.7822
43 105.1074 99.0143 292.3600 146.1800 134.5803 126.4982 298.7021
44 118.3693 115.3079 358.6956 179.3478 151.9500 147.7364 368.0188
Do

45 133.8738 134.8738 442.7507 221.3753 172.2851 173.2851 456.1172

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