RESEARCH PROPOSAL

GROUP 5

The Effect of Array Modification of Vortex Stabilization

Plate with Respect to Enhancement of the Coefficient of
Performance

Team Member

Naufal Riyandi 23119017

Adhi Brahmantya Herdhani 23119018
Nur Muhammad Malikul Adil 23119019
Rafi Rasyad 23119020
Mohand Alzair 23119701

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

December, 2019
 LIST OF CONTENTS
Page

1 PROPOSAL RESUME ..........................................................................................................1

2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................1
2.1 Background .................................................................................................................1
2.2 Purpose .......................................................................................................................3
3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................3
4 FISHBONE DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................6
5 TIMELINE ...........................................................................................................................7
6 RESEARCH ROAD MAP .....................................................................................................7
1 PROPOSAL RESUME
This proposal consists of several sections, such as introduction, methodology, reference, fishbone
diagram, timeline, and road map. Introduction part consists of the background and purpose of the research.
Research questions and hypothesis are presented in this section.
Methodology section considers the preparation of the research, includes the tools and material,
modified parameters, considered mechanical properties, and research activities, such as numerical
simulation or experimental method.
Reference section provide the list of references for the reason of determining research topic, while
fishbone diagram visualize the parameters that can influence the objective goal. Timeline shows the detail
schedule of each activities and due date, while research road map is used as guidance to do research properly.

2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Background

Energy is one of the most important needs in the world. One of the energy form that has a high
consumption level is electricity. In fact, the population of country is directly proportional to the level of
energy consumption in the country. Future projections show that the world's Total Primary Energy Supply
(TPES) is predicted to reach 17010 Mtoe in 2030 [1] .
In Indonesia, the focus of energy consumption itself rests on fossil energy (oil) while consumption rise
significantly every year rather than production. During 2018, Indonesia’s crude oil production was about
772 thousand barrels of oil per day (MBOPD), a slight reduction from 804 MBOPD in 2017 [2] as shown
in figure 2.1. Besides that, the gas emissions that rise from burning massive quantities of fossil fuels for
power production worldwide cause numerous environmental issues such as smog, acid rain, as well as
climate change. Indisputably this is not the answer for our country regarding its impact to our crude oil
reserves in the future.

Figure 2.1 Indonesia Oil Production and Consumption [2]

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 Indonesia has target of new renewable energy 23% proportion from all energy resources in 2025 [3].
One of the several new renewable energy sources in Indonesia is wind energy which has a potential of 60.6
GW [4] while the installed plant capacity is only 0.5 MW [5] so further research needs to be done to utilize
wind energy, especially in Indonesia. In recent years, there have been large global efforts to reduce the
dependence on fossil fuels by investing more in renewable energy technologies such as wind energy. This
energy become one of promising renewable energy in future.
One of the problems in wind energy technology is how to increase energy capture and CP, therefore it
can increase efficiency. Several studies have been carried out to improve energy capture and CP by
modifying wind turbines both vertical and horizontal turbines. Research on vertical turbines to improve
the performance of VAWTs by doing a fixed pitch angle for potential parameters has been carried out and
resulted in an increase in Cp of 6.6% using a pitch angle of 2o and a tip speed ratio of 4 [6]. Other studies
have improved performance at low tip speed ratios using separation control, and suction boundary layers
through slots located near the leading edge of the blade to suppress flow separation, and modifying the
suction amplitude of 0.5% ≤ AS ≤ 10% and suction location 8, 5 ≤ XS / c ≤ 28.5 [7].
Since the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) has lower theoretical efficiency and lower practical
efficiency [8], the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) improved widely in a few years. wind turbine
research has seen innovations leading to growing size of turbines, additional equipment, even complex
mechanism in order to made most efficient wind turbine technology. Previous HAWT researcher suggested
reversed design approach to compute the geometry of wind turbine blades computationally by two methods,
direct solver and inverse solver on single rotor and dual rotor which results in increased energy capture
when the diameter is increased from 4 diameters to 8 diameters [9]
One of the effective methods for wind energy collection is Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWT)
[10]. DAWT has very high potential to make advance research in order to see the effect of DAWT
modification with respect to the coefficient of performance properties with Betz limit as current reference.
In another reference, the researcher reported that the significance of the power enhancements depends on
the installed numbers of the plates on wind-lens turbine (DAWT) as the result of that it enhanced the output
in the wide range of the tip-speed ratio. It also reported that the maximum value of Cp (Cpmax) always at
the optimum tip-speed ratios [11]. From previous research, 3D RANS Simulation showed that it possible
to exceed the Batz limit by applying the present design method to the wind lens turbine [10]. However,
experimental is needed to validate 3D RANS simulation results since it exceeds the current standard.
Simulation is also limited when it comes to high wind concentration.
From the list of potential topics, the most potential topics are the effect of array modification of the
vortex stabilization plate with respect to the enhancement of power output and the effect of wind
concentration modification in high concentration. Albert Betz postulated a theory about efficiency of wind
turbine based on conservstion of mass, momentum, and energy conceps [8]. It means the wind turbine
should be in ‘very ideal condition’ theoretically to achive the best efficiency and higher power out.
Experimental is needed to prove the numerical simulation that have been done in previous research.

2
 2.2 Purpose

The purpose of this research is to validate numerical simulation by conducting experiment in order to
know the effect of array modification of the vortex stabilization plate with respect to enhancement of
coefficient of performance. This research also investigates the effect of wind concentration modification
with respect to the improvement of Cp.

3 METHODOLOGY

In order to accomplish the research question, research plan is made. the modified parameters
are wind concentration and the number array of vortex stabilization plate. The shape that used in
[11]
this research is type 2 from Watanabe K et al design with modified number array of vortex
stabilization plate 4,8, and 12 plate. Another modification that used in the experimental test is
wind concentration from wind blower that flow through the tunnel. This modification will impact
to its mechanical properties (TSR and Cp) with increasing power output as the result. The aim
of this research is to validate the simulation method that have been done by previous researcher.
This research also utilizes computational fluid dynamic (CFD) to simulate the model as
comparison for the final result.

1. Tools and material for the experimental

Lists of tools for experimental tests are shown in table 3.1 below.
Table 3.1. Tools for Experimental Test
Anemometer Wind tunnel

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 Wind turbine with duct diffuser Wind blower

The material we use is illustrated in figure 3.1 below. This vortex stabilization plates are
modified parameters both in simulation and experimental results

Figure 3.1. Vortex Stabilization Plate Type 2 (Design by Watanabe, K et al [1])

2. Simulation method
The simulation using CFD for modeling the wind turbine with new modification number of
vortex stabilization plates are needed. The model use steady wind flow that similar with wind
concentration that we use in experimental test.

3. Experimental method
The experimental test set in steady lab and the wind turbine tested with wind tunnel. This
experimental use Ci type duck diffuser with modification number of vortex stabilization plate to
evaluate it’s contribution on power output as shown on figure 3.2 below.

4
 Figure 3.2. Additional Plates Installed on WLT for the Purpose Of Stabilizing Vortices
Around the Brim

The wind flow rate it self can be controled from wind blower by changing the blower frequency.
By using anemometer, we can measure the wind velocity and get the rate that the experimental
needed. In this case, the wind velocity will set is above 10 m/s in order to get higher Cp. higher
Cp will generate better power output. By collecting data from the experimental test, the Cp diagram
can be made. Workflow is presented in figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3 Workflow Diagram

5
References
[1] International Energy Agency 2008., World Outlook Energy, Paris, International Energy
Agency
[2] Prima Wahana Caraka,. Oil and Gas in Indonesia Investment and Taxation Guide September
2019, 10th Edition, PWC, 2019
[3] PP No. 79 Tahun 2014 tentang Kebijakan Energi Nasional
[4] Dewan Energi Nasional. 2019. Outlook Energi Indonesia 2019. ISSN 2527-3000.
https://www.esdm.go.id/assets/media/content/content-outlook-energi-indonesia-2019-
bahasa-indonesia.pdf
[5] Widyanti, S. W., Wisnugroho, S., Agus, M. 2018. Pemanfaatan Tenaga Angin Sebagai Pelapis
Energi Surya pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrid di Pulau Wangi-Wangi. Seminar
Nasional Sains dan Teknoogi 2018. P-ISSN: 2407-1846. E-ISSN: 2460-8416.
jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnastek
[6] Rezaeiha,A., Kalkman,I., Blocken,B : Effect of pitch angle on power performance and
aerodynamics of a vertical axis wind turbine, Applied Energy 197 (2017) 132–150
[7] Rezaeiha,A., Montazeri,H., Blocken,B : Active flow control for power enhancement of vertical
axis wind turbines: Leading-edge slot suction, Energy 189 (2019) 116131
[8] Jain, P. Wind Energy Engineering, United States of America, McGraw-Hill, 2011,
[9] Moghadassian,B., Sharma,A : Designing Wind Turbine Rotor Blades to Enhance Energy
Capture in Turbine Arrays, RENE 12522
[10] Oka,N., Furukawa,M., Kawamitsu,K., Yamada, K : Optimum aerodynamic design for wind-
lens turbine, Journal of Fluid Science and Technology Vol.11, No.2, 2016
[11] Watanabe,K., Ohya,Y., Uchida,T : Power Output Enhancement of a Ducted Wind Turbine
by Stabilizing Vortices around the Duct, Energies 12(16):3171

4 FISHBONE DIAGRAM

Figure 4.1 Fishbone diagram

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5 TIMELINE
Table 5.1 Research Timeline

Done On Going Planned

Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5
Key Initiative Detail
w1 w2 w3 w4 w1 w2 w3 w4 w5 w1 w2 w3 w4 w1 w2 w3 w4 w5 w1 w2 w3 w4
Literature Review and Research Proposal
Task Force Definition
Preparation Design of Experiments (DoE)
CFD software installation and learning
Tools and Material checklists
Conduct simulation
Check the output when parameters are modified
Simulation
Evaluate the expected results from all
parameters
Tools and material preparation
Environmental noise reduction
Experiment
Conduct Testing for one parameters
Conduct Testing for other parameters
Compare numerical simulation and
experimental results
Validation
Discrepancy level check
Modify the numerical simulation (if needed)
Analyze the factors that influence the error rate
Analysis and Conclude the effect of modified parameters
Reporting with respect to improvement of coefficient of
performance (CoP)
Create report

6 RESEARCH ROAD MAP

Figure 6.1 Research Road Map