1) What is Selenium?

2) History of the Selenium Project

3) Selenium’s Tools Suite

Selenium IDE
Selenium RC
Selenium WebDriver
Selenium Grid
————————————
1) What is Selenium?
• Selenium is a suite of software tools to automate Web
Browsers.
• It is an Open source suite of tools mainly used for Functional
and Regression Test Automation.

• Selenium supports various Operating environments.

MS Windows

Linux

Macintosh etc…

• Selenium supports various Browsers.

Mozilla Firefox

IE

Google Chrome

Safari

Opera etc…

Note: Selenium IDE supports Mozilla Firefox only.

• Selenium supports various programming environments to

write programs (Test scripts)
Java

C#

Python

Perl

Ruby

PHP
————————————
2) History of the Selenium Project
• Selenium first came to life in 2004.
• In 2006, Selenium WebDriver was launched at Google.

• In 2008, the whole Selenium team decided to merge

Selenium WebDriver with Selenium RC in order to form more
powerful tool called Selenium 2.0

Selenium 1
(Selenium IDE + Selenium RC + Selenium Grid)

Selenium 2
(Selenium IDE + Selenium RC + Selenium WebDriver +
Selenium Grid)
————————————
3) Selenium’s Tools Suite
i) Selenium IDE
It is a Firefox browser plug in, used to create and execute Test
cases.

Selenium IDE Features:

• Create Test Cases, Test suites (We can Record test cases or
type Test steps using element locators and Selenese
commands)

• Edit Test Cases

• Execute Test cases, Test suites

• Debug Test Cases.

• Enhance Test Cases

• Export Test cases to other formats (java, ruby etc…)

Note: selenium IDE Test case default format is .html

————————-
Drawbacks of Selenium IDE

• It supports Mozilla Firefox browser only.

• It doesn’t support Programming logic/features to enhance

Test cases.

• It doesn’t support Data Driven Testing.

• It is not suitable for complex test case design.

• No centralized maintenance of Objects/Elements

————————————
ii) Selenium RC (* Out dated)
iii) Selenium WebDriver
• It is a Programming interface to create and execute Test
cases.
———————
Selenium IDE has IDE but doesn’t have Programming interface

Selenium WebDriver has Programming interface but doesn’t

have IDE

UFT/QTP has both IDE as well as Programming interface

————————————
• Selenium WebDriver supports various programming
environments to write programs.

Java,

C#
Perl

Python

Ruby

PHP

• Using Element/Object locators/properties and Webdriver

Methods we can create and execute Test cases.

• Selenium Webdriver supports various browsers to create and

execute test case/test script/test

Note: Browser driver varies from one browser to another.

• Selenium WebDriver supports various operating environments

MS Windows

Linux

Macintosh etc…
—————————
Drawback of Selenium WebDriver

• It doesn’t generate detailed Test Reports.

• No centralized maintenance of Object/elements

————————————
iv) Selenium Grid
• Selenium Grid is used to execute tests across multiple
browsers, operating environments and machines in parallel.
• Selenium Grid 2 supports Selenium RC Tests as well as
Selenium WebDriver Tests.
————————————
Focus on:
———-
i) Selenium WebDriver to create Test cases using element
locators and Webdriver methods.
ii) Java Programming to enhance test cases.

iii) TestNG Framework to group test cases, execute test

batches and generate detailed test reports.
————————————
Introduction to Selenium Part 2
4) Selenium Supporting Environments

5) Selenium License

6) Testing Frameworks and Other tools used in Selenium

7) Selenium Environment Setup

8) Advantages of Selenium

9) Disadvantages of selenium

10) Selenium Versus UFT

————————————————-
4) Selenium Supporting Environments
a) Operating Environment
MS Windows
Linux

Macintosh

Apple OX
b) Application Environment
i) CUI based – Selenium doesn’t support.
ii) Windows based-Selenium doesn’t support.

iii) Web based- Selenium supports.

iv) Mobile based- Supports Mobile Applications which have Web

forms.
c) Programming Environment
Java
C#

Python

Perl

Ruby

PHP

Note: Selenium IDE doesn’t support any programming

language.
d) Browser Environment
Google Chrome
Mozilla Firefox

IE

Safari

Opera etc…

Note: Selenium IDE supports Firefox Browser only.

————————————————-
5) Selenium License
All Selenium Projects released under the Apache 2.0 License

> Anybody can download and use all Selenium projects with
free of cost.

> Anybody can modify the source code and distribute the
source code

** Selling modified code is not allowed.

————————————————-
6) Testing Frameworks and Other tools used in Selenium
Testing Frameworks
JUnit Framework
TestNG Framework
Eclipse IDE –

> To create and execute Java programs,

> Add Selenium WebDriver .jar files to Java project and use
Webdriver features.

> Install TestNG/JUnit Testing Frameworks

—————-

Firebug and Firepath plug ins (Mozilla Firefox) for inspecting

elements in Firefox browser.

Note: Google Chrome and IE browsers have built Developer

tools (F12) to inspect elements.

Browser Drivers for Cross Browser Testing

For Google Chrome, IE etc… Browsers, download Browser

drivers and set driver path in test scripts.
————————————————-
7) Selenium Environment Setup
Choose Selenium Tools
Selenium WebDriver to create Test cases.
Java as Programming Language

TestNG Framework as Test Runner.

Firebug and Firepath plug in for Mozilla browser to inspect

Elements.

Browser Drivers etc…

Configure Selenium:
> Download Eclipse IDE and extract
> Download Java software and Install.

> Set Environment variable (Path variable).

> Download Selenium WebDriver java language binding
(seleniumhq.org) and add
WebDriver jar file to Java project in Eclipse IDE.

> Download and install Firebug and Firepath from Mozilla

browser to inspect elements.

> Download IE, Chrome etc… Browser drivers.

> Download and install TestNG Testing Framework from Eclipse

IDE
————————————————-
8) Advantages of Selenium
i) It is an Open source Software.

ii) It supports various Operating environments (Windows,

Linux, Mac etc…)

iii) It supports various browsers (IE, Mozilla Firefox, Chrome,

safari, Opera etc…)

iv) It supports various programming environments (Java, Perl,

Python, Ruby and PHP)

v) It supports parallel Test execution.

vi) It uses less Hardware resources.

————————————————-
9) Disadvantages of Selenium
i) It supports Web based Applications only.

ii) No reliable support from anybody.

iii) No centralized maintenance of Elements/objects

iv) Difficult to setup environment.

v) Difficult to use.

vi) Limited support for Image based testing.

 vii) New features may not work properly.

viii) No other tool integration for test management.

ix) No built in Reporting facility.

————————————————-
10) Selenium Versus UFT
Selenium UFT / QT0P

1) Open Source Vendor tool, License is required.

2) Supports various OS Environments. MS Windows only.

3) Supports various Programming Environments VBScript only.

4) No Object Repositories Local and Shared object Repositories.

5) No built-in Reporting feature. Built-in reporting feature.

6) Selenium WebDriver has no IDE and Selenium

UFT has both IDE and Programming Interface.
IDE has no Programming Interface.

7) Uses less Hardware resources. Uses more Hardware resources

8) Difficult to setup environment and use. Easy to setup and use.

9) Limited support for Image Testing Rich support for Image Testing

10) No Reliable support Support from HP

11) No other tool integration for Test management. UFT can be integrated with ALM/QC for Test Manag

12) New features may not work properly. New features will properly.

13) No Add ins for supporting Application

Add ins are required for supporting Application env
Environments.

14) Supports Web Applications only Supports Desktop and Web Applications.

15) No Authorized Certification Authorized Certification program.

Selenium Test Process /Selenium Test Life Cycle
i) Test Planning
ii) Generating Basic Tests
iii) Enhancing Tests
iv) Running and debugging Tests
v) Analyzing Test Results and Reporting Defects.
—————————————
Software Test Process / Software Testing Life Cycle
STLC Phases

i) Test Planning

ii) Test Design

iii) Test Execution

iv) Test Closure

—————————————
i) Test Planning
Input/References
Requirements
Project Plan
Test Strategy
—————
Design docs,
Process guideline docs,
Corporate standards docs etc…
——————-
Tasks
i) Understanding and Analyzing Test Requirements
ii) Risk Analysis
iii) Test Strategy Implementation
iv) Test Estimations (Scope, Time, Resources, Budget etc…)
v) Team formation
vi) Test Plan documentation
vii) Configuration Management planning
viii) Traceability Matrix documentation
ix) Define Test Environment
Output:
Test Plan document
—————————————
ii) Test Design
Input:
Requirements (SRS)
Test Plan Document
———
Test Case Template
————-
Design docs,
Process guideline docs,
Corporate standards docs etc…
Tasks
Understanding Test Requirements
Generate Test scenarios
Test Case Documentation
Test Data Collection
Output:
Test case docs
Test Data
—————————————
iii) Test Execution
Input:|
Requirements
Test Plan document
Test Case docs
Test Data
————–
Defect Report Template
—————–
Readiness of AUT
Readiness of Test Environment
———-
Tasks
Verify Test Environment setup
Create Test Batches
Test Execution
Sanity Testing/BVT/BAT
Comprehensive Testing
Reporting Defects
Tracking Defects
Re & Regression Testing Cycle 1
Sanity Testing
Select Test cases for Regression Testing Cycle 1
Re & Regression cycle 1 Tests execution
Reporting Defects
Tracking Defects
Re & Regression Testing Cycle 2
Sanity Testing
Select Test cases for Regression Testing Cycle 2
Re & Regression cycle 2 Tests execution
Reporting Defects
Tracking Defects
.
.
Final Regression
——————–
Output:
Opened and Closed Defect Reports
Tested Software
—————————————
4) Test Closure
Input:Requirements
Test Plan Document
Opened and Closed defect reports etc…
—————
Test Summary Report Template
Tasks:
Evaluating Exit criteria
Collect all documents and prepare Test Summary Report
Send Test Deliverables to Customer
Improvement suggestions for future projects.
—————————————
Test Levels
Unit Testing
Integration Testing
System Testing
Acceptance Testing
Test Types
Functional Testing (Database Testing is a Sub set)
Performance Testing (Load Testing, Stress Testing, Spike
Testing, Endurance Testing, Database Testing is a Sub set)
Usability Resting
Reliability Testing
Configuration Testing
etc…
Test Execution Level
Sanity/Smoke Testing
Comprehensive Testing
Re & Regression Testing

Test Design Techniques

Black box (EC, BVA, Decision Table Testing, State Transition

Testing, use case Testing etc…)

White box (Statement Testing, Condition Testing, decision

Testing etc…)

Experience based (Exploratory Testing, Error guessing etc…)

—————————————
Selenium Test Life Cycle Phases :
i) Test Planning

ii) Generating Basic Tests

iii) Enhancing Tests

iv) Running and Debugging Tests

v) Analyzing Test Results and Reporting Defects

————————————
i) Test Planning
> Get Application Environment (UI Design Technology,
Database) Details from development team.

> Analyze the AUT (Application Under Test) in terms of Object

Identification.

Using Recording feature in Selenium IDE

Using Firebug and Firepath plug ins(Mozilla Firefox) we can

inspect elements.

> Select Test Cases for Automation

Tests that we have to execute on every build (Sanity Tests)

Tests that we have to execute on every modified

build(Regression Tests)

Tests that we have to execute with multiple sets of Test

Data(Data Driven Tests).

> Select Testing Framework(JUnit/TestNG) and Implement.

————————————
ii) Generating Basic Tests
In UFT:
1) Object Repository based Test Design (Recording, Keyword
driven methodology)

2) Descriptive Programming/Programmatic Descriptions

In Selenium:

1) Selenium IDE

a) Using Recording

b) Type Test steps using Element locators and Selenium

IDE/Selenese Commands.

2) Selenium WebDriver

Using Element Locators and WebDriver methods.

————————————
iii) Enhancing Test cases
1) Inserting Verification Points
UFT:

Using UFT Checkpoints Or Using VBScript Conditional

Statements

Selenium IDE:

Using Assert/Verify Commands

Selenium WebDriver

a) Using Java Conditional Statements

b) Using TestNG Assertion Methods

2) Parameterization
Replacing constant (fixed) values using
Parameters(Variables/Function Parameter etc…)

We use Parameterization in Data driven Testing.

What is Data Driven Testing?

Testing same Functionalities using multiple sets of Test Data.

Why Data Driven Testing?

For Positive and Negative Testing.
——————-
Using Loop Statements and any files.

3) Synchronization
What is Synchronization?

How to Synchronize Selenium with AUT?

4) Error Handling
Handling expected and unexpected errors.

5) Adding Comments (Optional)

Etc…
————————————
iv) Running and Debugging Tests
Running/Executing Tests (Mandatory)

Single Test Run

Test Batch Run/Batch Testing.

Using Testing Framework(JUnit/TestNG) we can conduct batch

Testing.
———————–
Debugging Tests (Optional)

What is debugging?

Locating and isolating Errors thru Step by Step execution.

When Debugging is Required?

Scenario 1: Test case is not showing any errors and providing

correct output-Debugging is not required.

Scenario 2: Test case is showing errors-Debugging is Optional.

Scenario 3: Test case is not showing any errors and not

providing correct output-Debugging is Required.
x=a*b
————————————
v) Analyzing Test Results and Reporting Defects
Analyzing Test Results
Selenium doesn’t provide detailed Test Reports(Summary
only).
Using either JUnit or TestNG we can get detailed Test Reports.
—————
Status of Test Results in Functional Test Automation

1) Pass (If expected = Actual)

2) Fail (If expected Not equal Actual)

3) Done (If there is no verification in a Test case)

4) Warning (if any interruption during Test execution)

————————————
Reporting Defects:
Selenium doesn’t integrate with any tool for Test management
/Defect management.
Functional Test Automation Vs. Defect management
————————————————
Selenium Manual
————————————————
Selenium Bugzilla/Jira etc…
————————————————
Selenium Tools – Open Source

Eclipse IDE – Open Source

Java – Open Source

JUnit / TestNG Framework -Open Source

Bugzilla for Defect management – Open Source.

————————————
Java Programming for Selenium
Why Java for Selenium?
> Selenium written in Java, It does mean that Java only more
compatible with Selenium, we can use other supported
languages also.

> Good support for Selenium with Java, You can get more help
documentation and code implementations from internet.

> Majority of Selenium Testers (nearly 77%) using Java, so

knowledge sharing is very easy.

> Java is platform independent language, we can use Java on

any Operating environment.
——————————————-
How much Java is required for selenium?
> For Test Automation using Selenium Core Java is sufficient,
Advanced Java is not required.

> Java Fundamentals and OOPS (Object Oriented Programming

System) concepts are required.

We can segregate Java for selenium in to 2 categories.

A) Java Fundamentals

B) Java OOPS Concepts

—————————————————
A) Java Fundamentals
i) Comments in Java
> To make the code Readable
> To make the code disable from execution.

Java supports Single line comment and multiple lines comment.

——————————————–
ii) Data Types in Java
A data type is a classification of the type of data that a variable
or object can hold in computer programming.

Example:
Integer

Character

String

Float

Boolean etc…

Java supports two categories of Data types

a) Primitive Data Types

b) Reference Data Types

—————————————-
iii) Java Modifiers
Modifiers are used to set access levels for Classes, Variables,
and Methods etc…

a) Access Modifiers (Default, Public, Private and Protected)

b) Non Access Modifiers(Static, Final, Abstract, Synchronized

etc…)
—————————————————-
iv) Variables in Java
> A named memory location to store temporary data within a
program

Three types of Variables in Java

a) Local Variables

b) Instance variables

c) Class / Static Variables

————————————
v) Operators in Java
Operators are used to perform Mathematical, Comparison and
Logical operations.
Categories of operators

a) Arithmetic Operators

b) Relational Operators

c) Bitwise Operators

d) Logical Operators

e) Assignment Operators

f) Miscellaneous Operators
—————————————–
Flow Control Statements
Conditional Statements
Loop Statements
vi) Conditional Statements
a) If Statement

b) Switch Statement
——————
Types of Condition

a) Single Condition (Positive/Negative)

b) Compound Condition

c) Nested condition
———————–
Usage of Conditional Statements

a) Execute a block of statements when condition is True.

b) Execute a block of statements when condition is True,

otherwise execute another block of statements.

c) Decide among several alternates (Else If)

d) Execute a block of statements when more than one
condition is True.(nested If)

e) Decide among several alternates (Switch statement)

————————————————-
vii) Loop Statements
Used for Repetitive execution.

Four Types of Loop structures in Java

a) For loop

b) While loop

c) Do While loop

d) Enhanced For loop (arrays)

————————————————
viii) Arrays in Java
> Generally, Array is a collection of similar type of elements.

> In Java, Array is an Object that contains elements of similar

data types.

> Java Array is index based, index starts from Zero.

> The length of an Array is established when the Array is

created and Array length is fixed.

> Each item in an Array is called an Element.

———————————————
ix) Java Methods
Methods are also known as Functions.

In structured programming (Ex: C Language) we use

Functions(Built-in and User defined),
In Object oriented programming we use Methods (Built-in and
User defined).

Basically Methods are Two types.

a) Built in Methods Number Methods
Character methods
String Methods
Date & Time Methods
etc…

b) User defined Methods

Method with returning value
Method without returning any value.
——————————–
x) Regular Expressions
> It is a Formula for matching patterns, A Regular expression
defines search pattern for Strings.

Java provides java.util.regex package for pattern matching.

—————————————-
xi) IO Operations and File handling in Java
The java.io package contains classes to perform Input and
Output operations.

> Read data using Input devices.

> Display output on the Console.

> Read and Write Text files and other file.

Using Java File class we can handle Text files.

——————————————–
xii) Exception handling In Java
In Computer programming, Exception is an abnormal condition.

> An exception is an event that occurs during the execution of

a program that disturbs the normal flow of instructions.

> The exception handling in java is one of the powerful

mechanism to handle the Run-time errors so that normal flow
of the program can be maintained.
——————————————-
B) Java Object Oriented programming System (OOPS)
concepts.

Four Fundamentals of OOPS

i) Inheritance

ii) Polymorphism

iii) Abstraction

iv) Encapsulation
————————————
i) Inheritance
> Inheritance is a mechanism in which one Object acquires all
the properties and behaviors of Parent object.

> using Inheritance we can create Classes that are built in

upon existing classes.

> When we Inherit from an existing class, then we can reuse

Methods and fields from
Parent class and we can add new methods and fields.

Java Supports:

a) Single Inheritance

b) Multi Level Inheritance

c) Hierarchal Inheritance

Note: Java doesn’t support Multiple Inheritance.

———————————————————–
ii) Polymorphism
Performing task/s in different ways.

Polymorphism derived from two Greek words,

Poly-means Many
Morphs -means forms/ways

So polymorphism means many ways.

Two types of Polymorphism in Java

a) Compile Time Polymorphism

b) Run-time Polymorphism

Note: We can achieve Polymorphism by Method Overloading

and Method Overriding.
————————————————————-
iii) Abstraction
> Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details
and showing functionality to the user.

> In another way it shows important things to the user and

hides internal details.

Ex: Sending email

> Abstraction focuses on what the Object does instead of how

it does.

Abstraction can be achieved in two ways

a) Abstract Class(0 to 100%)

b) Interface (100%)
——————————————-
iv) Encapsulation
> Encapsulation is a process of wrapping code and data
together into a single unit.

Ex: Capsule (mixed of several medicines)

It provides control over the data.

—————————————————–
Java Packages
A Java package is a similar type of classes, interfaces and sub
packages.

Two types of Packages in Java

a) Built in Packages

Ex: io, util, sql etc…

b) User defined Packages

————————————–
Interfaces in java
> An interface is a collect of abstract methods.

> An Interface is not a class, writing an interface is similar to

writing a class, but two are different concepts.
———————————–
Java Programming hierarchy
Java Project
> Java Package
>Java class/ Java Interface

Note: We write Java code in the Class or Interface.

—————————————————-
Introduction to Java
i) Introducing Java Programming Language

ii) Java Environment Setup

iii) Java Program Structure/Java Syntax

—————————————–
i) Introducing Java Programming Language
> Java Programming Language was developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995, Now
it is subsidiary of Oracle corporation.

> Java is an Object Oriented Programming Language, In Java

everything is object, Java can be easily extended since it is
based on the object model.

> Java is a Platform independent language, It can be compiled

and interpreted.
> Java is Simple easy to learn and implement.

> Java is Securable, Using Java we can develop virus free and
tamper free systems.
—————————————–
Usage of Java
> Developing Desktop Applications (Ex: Acrobat Reader)
> Developing web Applications

> Developing Enterprise Application (Ex: Banking, Insurance

Applications etc…)

> Developing Mobile Applications

> Developing Embedded Systems.

> Smart Cards

> Games software etc…

———————-
> Test Automation
—————————————–
Java Syntax Rules
> Java is case sensitive language
> First letter of Class Name should be in Upper case

> Method names should start with lower case letter.

> Java program file name should exactly match with class
name.

> Java Program execution starts from main method, which is

mandatory in every Java program.

> Every Statement should end with semi colon symbol.

> Code blocks enclosed with {}

—————————————–
ii) Java Environment Setup
Steps:
> Download Java Software (JDK) and Install.

> Set Environment Variable (Path Variable).

> Download Eclipse IDE and Extract.

—————————————–
In Computer Programming we have Three steps
i) Writing a Program.

ii) Compiling the Program

iii) Run /Execute the Program

Step 1: Writing a Program.

public class Sample{
public static void main(String [] args) {
System.out.println (“Hello Java World”);
}
}
———————–
Step 2: Compiling the Program
Change to Java program file directory.

Type javac Sample.java

(* it creates Java class file)

———————————-
Step 3: Run /Execute the Java program
Type java Sample
—————————————–
In Test Automation using Selenium, we use an Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) like
Eclipse IDE.

> Eclipse IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

> Eclipse IDE is a platform to create and Run /execute

programs like Java, Perl, Python,
Ruby, PHP etc…
> Eclipse IDE is open source (eclipse Public License)

It provides Editor, help for Syntax, context help, auto

compilation, debugging etc….
—————————————–
Download Eclipse IDE and Extract.
Write and Execute a Java program using Eclipse IDE
Steps:

> Launch Eclipse IDE

> Create Java Project

> Create Java Package

> Create Java Class

Write Java code in the Class file and Run

—————————————–