Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Performance evaluation of BLDC motor has always been attracted by many

researchers in the past. They have contributed for improved functioning of the machine
using various parameters and controllers in their study. Different types of controllers were
used to speed control the speed of BLDC motor. To achieve the objectives it is mandatory
to review the research done in the past and, therefore the related literature has been studied
and presented below.

Jianguo Zhou et al. (2005) proposed a real-time nonlinear adaptive speed control scheme
based on back stepping control technique for a permanent magnet synchronous motor. In
the controller design, the input–output feedback linearization was firstly used to
compensate the nonlinearities in the nominal system. Then, adaptive back stepping control
approach was adopted to derive the control scheme, which was robust to the parameter
uncertainties and load torque disturbance. Simulation and real-time experimental results
clearly show that the proposed control scheme could track the speed reference signal
generated by a reference model successfully under parameter uncertainties and load torque
disturbance without singularity and overparameterization [8].

P. Thirusakthimurugan et al. (2007) designed a speed and position controllers for

permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDC) drive which remains as an open
problem in the field of motor drives. A precise speed control of PMBLDC motor is
complex due to nonlinear coupling between winding currents and rotor speed. In addition,
the nonlinearity presented in the developed torque due to magnetic saturation of the rotor
further complicates this issue. This paper presents a novel control scheme to the
conventional PMBLDC motor drive, which aims at improving the robustness by complete
decoupling of the design besides minimizing the mutual influence among the speed and
current control loops. The interesting feature of this robust control scheme is its suitability
for both static and dynamic aspects. The effectiveness of the proposed robust speed control
scheme was verified through simulations [13].

Review of Literature ............

Behzad Asaei et al. (2009) presented a novel method to estimate the rotor position of a
BLDC motor at standstill. Moreover, a method for startup and acceleration of the motor up
to a certain speed was introduced. The principle of the estimation was based on the
variation of the BLDC motor current in the magnetic axis due to the magnetic saturation of
the stator core. An advantage of this method is that the maximum estimated error of the
initial rotor position is 60. However, to implement this method, a current sensor at the dc
link of the inverter is needed [3].

X.Z. Zhang et al. (2011) presented the design and implementation of a high performance
position-sensor less control scheme for the extensively used BLDC motors. They proposed
a new technique where the true zero-crossing points of back EMF were extracted directly
from the difference of the specific average line-to-line voltages with simple RC circuits
and comparators [15].

Metin Demirtas (2010) described a new method of tuning PI controller coefficients for
PMBLDC drives. ANN is used to identify the whole system using maximum overshoot
and settling time obtained from the application circuit for different Kp–Ki pairs. Optimal
values of PI controller coefficients are obtained using genetic algorithm. Here Motion
Control Kit (MCK243) is used to carry out digital motion control applications [12].

I. Janpan et al. (2011) proposed a new control technique that allows a motor device to
simultaneously generate electrical energy and mechanical energy. A, BLDC was
considered here. The author investigated a novel technique for speed control of BLDC
motor in such a way that the excess current was accumulated via additional switching
circuit for further utilization. The proposed switching circuit was designed and simulated
on PSpice. The system takes advantage of floating coil in a BLDC motor to generate
electric energy which can be feed back to the system or store in battery for other purpose
uses. [6].

Huazhang Wang (2012) designed a high power BLDC closed-loop control system, mainly
including design of IR2130 drive circuit, H bridge drive circuit and speed detection circuit.
In order to improve the performance of motor, the adopted PID algorithm, through the
tuning of parameters. Experiments show that both hardware and software control
algorithms were reliable, stable. The running performance of the system is robust before or
after adding load. On this basis, he used PID control algorithm, by tuning coefficients of
PID controller [5].
Review of Literature ............
Wang Yuanxi et al. (2012) presented, Using conventional PID control method, to
guarantee the rapidity and small overshoot dynamic and static performance of the BLDCM
(brushless DC motor) system is out of the question. The control method to combine fuzzy
control with PID control is fit the multivariable strong coupling nonlinear characteristic of
BLDCM system. Matlab/Simulink simulation model had been built. The results of
computer simulation shows that, compared with the conventional PID controller the
dynamic and static performance of fuzzy auto-adjust PID controller are put forward to
optimize [14].

H.E.A. Ibrahim et al. (2014) presented a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique
and bacterial foraging (BF) technique for determining the optimal parameters of (PID)
controller for speed control of a brushless DC motor (BLDC) where the (BLDC) motor
was modeled in Simulink in Matlab. The proposed technique is more efficient in
improving the step response characteristics as well as reducing the steady-state error, rise
time; settling time and maximum overshoot [4].

Jian Sun et al. (2013) according to the author BLDC machines were increasingly used in
applications that demand high and rugged performance. In this paper author presented a
novel fault diagnosis system for speed control of BLDC motor. A local recurrent global
feed forward neural network (LRGFNN) lifting scheme for the detection of electrical fault
and mechanical fault in the BLDC motor speed control system is presented. [7].

Adel A et al. (2014) presented three different robust controller techniques for high
performance BLDC motor. The purpose is to test the ability of each control technique to
force the rotor to follow a preselected speed/position track. This objective was achieved
regardless of the parameter variations, and external disturbances. The first technique was
conventional PID controller. The second controller technique use GA to adjust the PID
controller parameters based on three different cost functions. Finally a self-tuning fuzzy
PID controller was developed and tested. These controllers ware tested for both speed
regulation and speed tracking [1].

K. Premkumar et al. (2014) presented a novel controller for BLDC. The proposed
controller was ANFIS type. The performance of the motor with proposed ANFIS controller
was analyzed and compared with classical PI controller, Fuzzy Tuned PID controller and
Fuzzy variable structure controller. The dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor were

Review of Literature ............

observed and analyzed using the developed MATLAB/Simulink model. This proposed
controller for BLDC drive can be readily implemented for real time applications [10].

Alireza Fereidouni et al. (2015) proposed an adaptive configuration for PID type FLC to
improve the performances of both conventional PID controller and conventional PID type
FLC. The proposed configuration is called adaptive because its outputs calling factors
(SFs) were dynamically tuned while the controller was functioning .The initial values of
SFs were calculated based on its well-tuned counterpart while the proceeding values was
generate using a proposed stochastic hybrid bacterial foraging particle swarm optimization
algorithm. The performance of the proposed configuration was evaluated through
extensive simulations for different operating conditions like changes in, reference, load
disturbance and noise signals [2].

K. Premkumar et al. (2015) presented speed control of BLDC motor using Bat algorithm
optimized online ANFIS. Learning parameters of the online ANFIS controller were
optimized for different operating conditions of BLDC motor using GA, PSO, and Bat
algorithm. In addition, tuning of the gains of the PID controller, Fuzzy PID, and adaptive
FLC was optimized using GA, PSO and Bat Algorithm. Time domain specification of the
speed response such as rise time, peak overshoot, undershoots, recovery time, settling time
and steady state error was obtained and compared for the considered controllers. [11].

B.V.Manikandan et al. (2015) proposed two different speed controllers i.e., fuzzy online
gain tuned anti wind up PID controller and fuzzy PID supervised online ANFIS controller
for the speed control of BLDC motor .The control system parameters such as rise time,
settling time, peak time, recovery time, peak overshoot and under shoot of speed response
of the brushless dc motor with the proposed controllers was compared with already
published controllers such as anti-wind up PID controller, fuzzy PID controller, offline
ANFIS controller, PID supervised online ANFIS controller and On-line Recursive least
square-error back propagation algorithm based ANFIS controller [9].

Review of Literature ............

Review of Literature ............