220kV BSP Line-Relay Setting

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Settings/Bhilai/220kV Line Protn

Rev-A 05/01/06
CONFIDENTIAL
The information contained
in this document is not to be
communicated either
directly or indirectly to any
person not authorised to
receive it
SETTING CALCULATION FOR RELAYS
400 kV line Protection BSP line 1,2,3&4
CUSTOMER : Larsen & Turbo Ltd

PROJECT : Expansion of Bhilai Power Project
Prepared By S. RAJAN
Date 05/01/06
Checked By Rajesh Ananth
Date & Rev 05/01/06, Rev. A
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19/1 GST Road, Pallavaram, Chennai -600043
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Rev-A 05/01/06
A. MiCOM P442
1. LINE DATA
Details of Protected Line

Length of the protected line (Raipur 7 KM
1&2)
Positive Sequence Resistance per KM 0.0341 Ohms
Positive Sequence Reactance per KM 0.33258 Ohms
Zero Sequence Resistance per KM 0.17753 Ohms
Zero Sequence Reactance per KM 0.80912 Ohms
Positive Sequence Resistance for 0.2387 Ohm
prot. line
Positive Sequence Reactance for prot. 2.32 Ohm
line
Positive Sequence Impedance for 2.33 Ohm
prot. line
Positive Sequence Impedance Angle 84.16 Degree
Zero Sequence Resistance for prot. 1.24 Ohm
line
Zero Sequence Reactance for prot. 6.66 Ohm
line
Zero Sequence Impedance for prot. 6.77 Ohm
line
Zero Sequence Impedance Angle 77.62 Degree
Details of Adjacent Shortest line
Length of the adjacent shortest line Informatio KM
Pos. Seq. Resistance. Of Adj. Line n not Ohm
Pos. Seq. Reactance. Of Adj. Line available Ohm
Pos. Seq. Impedance of Adj. Line Ohm
Pos. Seq. Impedance Angle of Adj. Degree
Line
Details of Adjacent longest line
Length of the adjacent longest line Informatio KM
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Rev-A 05/01/06

Line
CT & PT Details
CT Primary 800 Amp
CT Secondary 1 Amp
PT Primary 220kV Kilo Volt
PT Secondary 110 Volt
CT / PT Ratio 0.4
2. GROUND FACTOR
This value
Grounding Factor Kg = (Z0 – Z1) / (3 * looks not
Z1) realistic. Pls
Magnitude of Grounding Factor 0.496 check up zero
Kg = (SQRT((X0-XL)*(X0-XL))+((R0- sequence
RL)*(R0-RL)))/(3*(SQRT(RL*RL)+ reactance/km
(XL*XL)))
Angle of grounding Factor Kg = -11.4 Degree

(arc Tan ((X0-XL)/(R0-RL))) - (arc Tan
(XL/RL))
KZ1, KZ2, KZ3... PS1 0.496
Angle kG -11.4 Degree
Zone 1 setting
3. ZONE SETTINGS need to review
if any series
DIST Z1 (polygon) (80% of compensated
Protected Line Impedance*(CTR/PTR)) lines is
available at
0.8 X 2.33 X 0.4 0.75  Raipur end
DIST Z2 (polygon) (100% Protected Since adjacent line

Line Impedance + 50% of next information is not
shortest line impedance ) x available
(CTR/PTR)) recommended
(xxxx+ (0.5 X xx)) X .4 1.11  setting to 120% of
prot. Line.
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Rev-A 05/01/06
DIST Z3 (polygon) 1.0 X (100% of

Protected Line Impedance + 100%
next longest line impedance ) Zone3 setting
*(CTR/PTR)) 2.05  should be based
1.1 X (xxxx +xxxx) X 0.4 on longest line
information or the
impedance of the
DIST Z4 (polygon) (25% of Zone1 ICTS in parallel at
Impedance) Raipur end. Since
0.25 X 1.434 0.1875  these information
not available
Z1 operating time = 0 Sec recommended
Z2 operating time = 0.4 Sec setting is 220&%
Z3 operating time = 1 Sec of protected line.
Z4 operating time = 1 Sec
4. RESISTIVE REACH SETTINGS
Primary Full load Current = 800 A
Resistive Reach is calculated keeping

in view resistance corresponding to 2
times of load current and 80% of
rated voltage
Resistance at this Current = (0.8 * Vn)/2 * In

{0.8 X (220E3/3)/(2
X 800)}
Load Resistance in Secondary = 63.5 X 0.4
25.4 
Typically, phase fault distance zones would be set to avoid the minimum
load impedance by a margin of 30%, (bearing in mind that the PSB zone
surrounds the Zone 3 characteristic) and earth fault distance zones would
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Rev-A 05/01/06
use a 20% margin.
DIST R1,PP(polygon) PS1 (80% of 20.32 

25.4Ohms)
DIST R2,PP (polygon) PS1 (80% of 20.32 
25.4Ohms)
25.4Ohms)
25.4Ohms)
DIST R1,PG(polygon) PS1 (90% of 22.86 

25.4Ohms)
DIST R2,PG (polygon) PS1(90% of 22.86 
25.4Ohms)
25.4Ohms)
25.4Ohms)
5. Power Swing Settings:
PSB band settings:

Typically, the ∆R and ∆X band settings are both set between 10% and
30% of R3ph.
Considering 20% of the R3Ph setting of 20% and for catering to the
fastest power swings,
∆R & ∆X = 0.2 X 20.32
= 4.06 
5.1 UNBLOCKING
CURRENTTHRESHOLDS:
Un blocking current thresholds are to

trip if any fault during the relay
blocked on power swing
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Rev-A 05/01/06
The three unblocking current thresholds namely, IN>, I2> and Imax
should be set above the maximum expected residual current unbalance,
the maximum negative sequence unbalance and the maximum
expected power swing current.
IN> 40%
I2> 30 %
Value of Imax line = 3 Inom
NOTE: PSB Block – Zone 2, Zone 3, Zone 4

PSB Allowed to trip – Zone 1
Unblocking timer:
To be set to 2s typically to un block in case of a

prolonged power swing.
6. DISTANCE SCHEMES SETTING
Program Mode Standard Scheme
Standard Mode PUPZ2 Permissive under reach trip transfer

scheme
Z1Ext Fail Disabled
Trip mode 1 pole Z1, and CR received
GROUP 1 Loss Of Load
LoL : Mode Status Disabled
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Rev-A 05/01/06
7. SWITCH ON TO FAULT
Switch on to fault logic is pre-set in MiCOM P442
Operation on pick up of level detector method and activation of all zones is

recommended.
9.BACK UP OVER CURRENT
1ST stage over current (I>1) is used to operate, as back up over current, which will
change as non-directional over current during VT Fuse failure with a definite time
delay set under TIME VTS.
I>1 Function DT
I>1 Directional Directional FWD
I>1 VTS Block Non Directional
I>1 Current Set 1.500 A
I>1 Time delay 2s
I>1 Time VTS 2Sec
I>2 Function Disabled
I>3 Status Enabled
I>3 Current Set 3A
I>3 Time delay 3.000 s ( This time delay is not having role in
SOTF/TOR logic. . Since not possible to block
time delay, keep a higher setting as 3 Sec.)
I>4 Status Disabled
10.Earth fault over current
1ST stage over current (IN>1) is used to operate, as back up earthfault, which will
change as non directional earth fault during VT Fuse failure with a definite time
delay set under TIME VTS.
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Rev-A 05/01/06
IN>1 Function DT
IN>1 Directional Directional FWD
IN>1 VTS Block Non Directional
IN>1 Current Set 0.3A (30% of rated current. Standard
value)
IN>1 Time delay 2s
IN>1 Time VTS 2s
IN>2 Status Disabled
11.AUTO RECLOSURE
Reclaim time is recommend as 25 Sec. This is standard practice. In site setting

can be modified to match other lines connected to network.
1P Trip Mode 1 pole Z1, CR

1P Dead Time 1.000 s
Reclaim Time 25 s
Close Pulse Time 200.0ms
A/R Inhibit Wind 1.000 s
GROUP 1 AUTORCLE LOCKOUT
Block A/R 1111111111111111111 (Block Autoreclose in all
other tripping except distance protection operation)
12.CHECK SYNCH
V< Dead Line 15.00 V (Need to modify if the dead line

floating voltage is more than this)
V> Live Line 35.00 V

V< Dead Bus 15.00 V (Need to modify if the dead line
floating voltage is more than this)
V> Live Bus 35.00 V
Diff Voltage 6.500 V
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Rev-A 05/01/06
Diff Frequency 50.00mHz(For % slip 0.1)

Diff Phase 15.00 deg
Bus-Line Delay 200.0ms
NOTE: Check Synchronization is for 3 Phase Auto Reclose only
13.BROKEN CONDUCTOR PROTECTION
I2/I1 ratio 0.2

Time set 60 Sec.
15. VT SUPERVISION
VTS Time Delay 5.000 s (alarm indication time )
VTS I2> & I0> Inhibit 0.2 A
Detect 3P Enabled
Threshold 3P U< 10 Volts
Delta I> 0.2 A
16. Over voltage protection
V> Measur't Mode Phase_Neutral

V>1 Function DT
V>1 Voltage Set 70.00 V ( 110%)
V>1 Time Delay 5. s
V>2 Status Enabled
V>2 Voltage Set 89.00 V ( 140%)
V>2 Time Delay 0s
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Rev-A 05/01/06
B. MiCOM P437
1. LINE DATA
Details of Protected Line

Length of the protected line (Raipur 7 KM
1&2)
Positive Sequence Resistance per KM 0.0341 Ohms
Positive Sequence Reactance per KM 0.33258 Ohms
Zero Sequence Resistance per KM 0.17753 Ohms
Zero Sequence Reactance per KM 0.80912 Ohms
Positive Sequence Resistance for 0.2387 Ohm
prot. line
Positive Sequence Reactance for prot. 2.32 Ohm
line
Positive Sequence Impedance for 2.33 Ohm
prot. line
Positive Sequence Impedance Angle 84.16 Degree
Zero Sequence Resistance for prot. 1.24 Ohm
line
Zero Sequence Reactance for prot. 6.66 Ohm
line
Zero Sequence Impedance for prot. 6.77 Ohm
line
Zero Sequence Impedance Angle 77.62 Degree
Details of Adjacent Shortest line
Length of the adjacent shortest line Informatio KM
Line
Details of Adjacent longest line
Length of the adjacent longest line Informatio KM
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Rev-A 05/01/06
Line
CT & PT Details
CT Primary 800 Amp
CT Secondary 1 Amp
PT Primary 220 Kilo Volt
PT Secondary 110 Volt
CT / PT Ratio 0.4
3. GROUND FACTOR
This value
Grounding Factor Kg = (Z0 – Z1) / (3 * looks not
Z1) realistic. Pls
Magnitude of Grounding Factor 0.496 check up zero
Kg = (SQRT((X0-XL)*(X0-XL))+((R0- sequence
RL)*(R0-RL)))/(3*(SQRT(RL*RL)+ reactance/km
(XL*XL)))
Angle of grounding Factor Kg = -11.4 Degree

(arc Tan ((X0-XL)/(R0-RL))) - (arc Tan
(XL/RL))
KZ1, KZ2, KZ3... PS1 0.496
Angle kG -11.4 Degree
Zone 1 setting
need to review
Settings are entering in secondary values. Hence before start entering if any series
the values
, CT secondary value should be set. Other wise settings will change compensated
on changing
CT secondary value. lines is
available at
Raipur
Total 6 Impedance and 8 Timer Modules are available for for grading. User end either
can select
Polygonal or Circular for Tripping Characteristic
Polygonal Setting Parameter

X1 Reactances
R1PP & R1PG Resistance
1 Line Impedance Angle
1 Angle of Inclination
PP Phase to Phase Loop
PG Phase to Ground Loop
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Rev-A 05/01/06
Each Zone can be set direction N1 to N6 for Forward, backward or Non -

Directional.
Independent timers T6 and T7, can also be set forward, backward or

non directional
Zones which are not used (like Zone 4 to 7) get blocked by the timer
setting, t4…t7 = blocked
Since NTPC - SIPAT line needs only three Zones in the forward
Direction and one Zone in Reverse Direction, Zone and timer
settings are recommended as below
The Selected Characteristic is

Polygon.
DIST Direction N1 PS1 Forward directional

DIST Direction N4 PS1 Reverse directional
DIST t1 PS1 0.00 s

DIST t2 PS1 0.4 Sec.
DIST t3 PS1 1 Sec
DIST t4 PS1 1 Sec
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Rev-A 05/01/06
3. ZONE SETTINGS
DIST X1 (polygon) (80% of

Protected Line reactance*(CTR/PTR))
0.8 X 2.32 X 0.4 0.7424 
DIST X2 (polygon) (100% Protected

Line reactance + 50% of next
shortest line reactance ) x (CTR/PTR))
(6.4851 + (0.5 X xxxx)) X 0.275 1.11
DIST X3 (polygon) 1.0 X (100% of

Protected Line reactance + 100%
next longest line reactance ) 2.04 
*(CTR/PTR))
1.1 X (xxxx + xxxxx) X 0.275
DIST X4 (polygon) (25% of Zone1

reactance)
0.25 X 1.426 0.1856 
4. RESISTIVE REACH SETTINGS
Primary full load Current = 800 A

Resistive Reach is calculated keeping
in view resistance corresponding to 2
times of load current and 80% of
rated voltage
Resistance at this Current = (0.8 * Vn)/2 * In

{0.8 X (220E3/3)/(2
X 800)}
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Rev-A 05/01/06
Load Resistance in Secondary = 46.2 X 0.55
25.4 
Typically, phase fault distance zones would be set to avoid the minimum
load impedance by a margin of 20%, (bearing in mind that the PSB zone
surrounds the Zone 3 characteristic) and earth fault distance zones would
use a 10% margin.
DIST R1,PP(polygon) PS1 (80% of 20.32 

25.4Ohms)
25.4Ohms)
25.4Ohms)
25.4Ohms)
DIST R1,PG(polygon) PS1 (90% of 22.86 

25.4Ohms)
25.4Ohms)
25.4Ohms)
25.4Ohms)
Line Angle setting

DIST 1 (polygon) PS1 84.6 Degree
2
DIST  (polygon) PS1 84.6 Degree
2
DIST  (polygon) PS1 84.6 Degree
2
DIST  (polygon) PS1 84.6 Degree
2
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Rev-A 05/01/06
Inclination Angle setting
DIST 1 (polygon) PS1 0 Degree

DIST 2 (polygon) PS1 0 Degree
4. Fault Detection Logics
The Fault detection logic consist of four sub

systems
a. Under Impedance Starting - Xfw, Rfw,P-G, Rfw,P-P, Zfw,P-G, Zfw,P-P,
Zbw/Zfw
b. Under Voltage Starting V<, I>
c. Over Current Starting I>>
d. Zero Sequence Starting VN-G>, In>,
tIn>
The relay can be used for in all power systems, whatever the neutral point
treatment.
That may be Low Impedance Grounding / Isolated or Resonant grounded
with starting PG / Isolated or Resonant grounded without starting PG / Short
time Grounding
In this case we assumed Neutral point treatment as Low Impedance

Grounding.
Parameter/functional parameter/General/Main/Transfer for 1P = P or G

=f (Imed , Imax)
4.1 Over Current Starting (I>>):

The I>> setting must be higher than the maximum Load Current (Ip,max).
1. Usually I>>=1.2 to 1.4 * Ip,max
I>> - (Max. Load Current/Actual CT 1.2 Amp

ratio)*Safety Factor (>1.2) in RMS
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Rev-A 05/01/06
4.2 Under Voltage and Under Impedance

Fault (I>):
The base current enables the measurement systems for under voltage and
under impedance fault detection to enable. This setting acts like pole dead
and prevent starting of under voltage & under impedance starter in pole
dead condition
I>=(Min.Short Ckt Current/Act. CT 0.15 Amp

Transf. Ratio)*Safety factor(0.3to0.6)
4.3 Under Voltage Starting (V<):
DIST V< (0.65*Vnom) PS1 41.282 Volts
DIST Operat. mode V< PS1 With V< start.PG,PP
4.4. Under Impedance Starting (Xfw, Rfw,PG, Rfw,PP):
DIST Xfw = 1.3 to 2 * Zone 3 Reach 2.652 Ohms

('i.e. 1.3*X3) PS1
DIST Rfw, PG = 1.3 to 2 * Zone 3 Resis. 29.72 Ohms

PG ('i.e. 1.3*R3,PG) PS1
DIST Rfw, PP = 1.3 to 2 * Zone 3 Resis. 26.42 Ohms

PP ('i.e. 1.3*R3,PP) PS1
DIST ß PS1 30 Degree
4.5. Earth fault starting : ( IN>,VNG>)
DIST IN> = set equal to I > 0.15 I nom
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Rev-A 05/01/06
DIST VNG> = 20% of Vnom is typical 0. V nom

2
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Rev-A 05/01/06
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Rev-A 05/01/06
5. Power Swing Settings:
PSB band settings:
PSB of P437 will start on detection of rate of change of apparent power
This can be set typically 2%
PSB blocking will be as conventional method by using separate PSB

Band
Typically, the ∆R and ∆X band settings are both set between 10% and
30% of R3ph.
Considering 20% of the R3Ph setting for catering to the fastest power
swings,
∆R & ∆X = 0.2 X 20.32
= 4.06 
Hence PSB R = R3 + 4.06
24.38 
PSB X = X3+ 4.06
6.1 
Operate delay = 0.1 sec (Even though power swing detected, block
will be after this time delay. Setting is between Z1 and Z2. This will
allow only Z1 element to trip and all other zones blocked in power
swing)
Release delay = 0.2 sec (Release delay is the drop off timer for PSB.
This will help to hold PSB block once the impedance locus went out of
PSB band and re enter in the PSB band)
Max. Blocking time = 2 Sec
Operate Value Trip = Blocked
Operate delay trip = 0 sec
R = 24.38 
X = 7.98 
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Rev-A 05/01/06
 = 84.62 deg
Line angle = 84.62
6. DISTANCE SCHEMES SETTING (PSIG)
Standard Mode PUTT
Trip time delay 0 mSec
Operating mode Send Distance dependent
Operating mode trip Distance dependent
7. BREAKER FAIL (CBF)
CB Fail 1 Status Disabled
CB Fail 1 Timer 200.0ms
CB Fail 2 Status Disabled
8. BACK UP OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT (BUOC)
BUOC protection will be enabled only during a VT fuse failure condition
I> 1.2A
ti> 2 Sec
IN> 0.3A
tIN> 2 Sec
AREVA T&D
AUTOMATION SUPPORT
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Rev-A 05/01/06
9. BACK UP OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT (DTOC)
I > 1.5 A
TI> 2 Sec
IN> 0.3 A
TIN>2 Sec
All other stages of O/C keep in maximum
10. VT SUPERVISION (MCMON)
I negative
MCMON FF Enabled
I Negative FF 0.1(permissible unbalance )
V neg 0.2 ( Operate value for fuse failure)
Vpos> 0.15V Nom( Operative value for fuse failure)
11. AUTO RE-CLOSE (ARC)
HSR Operating mode = 1 pole trip only (selected single pole AR only)
HSR Operating mode = TRIP dependent (start dead time only on trip)
Dead time setting = 1 sec
Reclaim time = 25 Sec
12.Over voltage protection (V>)
(settings are related to Vn)

V> 1.1Vn
V>> 1.4Vn
tV> 5Sec
tV>> 0Sec.
13. SOTF
Close pulse time = 500mSec
AREVA T&D
AUTOMATION SUPPORT
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Rev-A 05/01/06
25.00 Ohm (Need to re-check at site)
AREVA T&D
AUTOMATION SUPPORT
Page 22 of 22

220kV BSP Line-Relay Setting

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220kV BSP Line-Relay Setting

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

Settings/Bhilai/220kV Line Protn

SETTING CALCULATION FOR RELAYS

400 kV line Protection BSP line 1,2,3&4

CUSTOMER : Larsen & Turbo Ltd

Checked By Rajesh Ananth

Date & Rev 05/01/06, Rev. A

Details of Protected Line

Pos. Seq. Impedance of Adj. Line Ohm

Angle of grounding Factor Kg = -11.4 Degree

DIST Z2 (polygon) (100% Protected Since adjacent line

DIST Z3 (polygon) 1.0 X (100% of

4. RESISTIVE REACH SETTINGS

Primary Full load Current = 800 A

Resistive Reach is calculated keeping

Resistance at this Current = (0.8 * Vn)/2 * In

Load Resistance in Secondary = 63.5 X 0.4

use a 20% margin.

DIST R1,PP(polygon) PS1 (80% of 20.32 

DIST R1,PG(polygon) PS1 (90% of 22.86 

5. Power Swing Settings:

PSB band settings:

∆R & ∆X = 0.2 X 20.32

Un blocking current thresholds are to

Value of Imax line = 3 Inom

NOTE: PSB Block – Zone 2, Zone 3, Zone 4

To be set to 2s typically to un block in case of a

6. DISTANCE SCHEMES SETTING

Program Mode Standard Scheme

Standard Mode PUPZ2 Permissive under reach trip transfer

Z1Ext Fail Disabled

Trip mode 1 pole Z1, and CR received

GROUP 1 Loss Of Load

LoL : Mode Status Disabled

Switch on to fault logic is pre-set in MiCOM P442

Operation on pick up of level detector method and activation of all zones is

9.BACK UP OVER CURRENT

10.Earth fault over current

Reclaim time is recommend as 25 Sec. This is standard practice. In site setting

1P Trip Mode 1 pole Z1, CR

V< Dead Line 15.00 V (Need to modify if the dead line

V> Live Line 35.00 V

Diff Frequency 50.00mHz(For % slip 0.1)

NOTE: Check Synchronization is for 3 Phase Auto Reclose only

13.BROKEN CONDUCTOR PROTECTION

I2/I1 ratio 0.2

VTS Time Delay 5.000 s (alarm indication time )

VTS I2> & I0> Inhibit 0.2 A

Threshold 3P U< 10 Volts

Delta I> 0.2 A

16. Over voltage protection

V> Measur't Mode Phase_Neutral

Details of Protected Line

Angle of grounding Factor Kg = -11.4 Degree

Polygonal Setting Parameter

Each Zone can be set direction N1 to N6 for Forward, backward or Non -

Independent timers T6 and T7, can also be set forward, backward or

The Selected Characteristic is

DIST Direction N1 PS1 Forward directional

DIST t1 PS1 0.00 s

DIST X1 (polygon) (80% of

0.8 X 2.32 X 0.4 0.7424 

DIST X2 (polygon) (100% Protected