Water Level Detector and Controller

Submitted by:

YASIR ANAS

TALHA UMAIR

KABEER ALI

UMAIS HASAN

Department: MECHANICAL

Course: MI LAB

Semester: V-B
1
Page

Submitted to:

Engr. NAEEM RAZA

Open Ended Project lab MOM II Yasir Anas

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Table of Contents................................................................................................ 2

 Introduction : .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

 Structural Details: ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

 Details of the Model : ..................................................................................... 3

 Boundary Conditions Applied : ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

 Mathematical Calculations :.............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Open Ended Project lab MOM II Yasir Anas

Abstract :
The purpose of this project is to make the students familiar in working with electronics
and measurement instruments, to use the latest technologies and the equipment in the
practical field. Further, in this regard, the students have to learn thoroughly about the
basic electronic instruments and know the working technologies of the measurement
instruments.

Overview :
Water flow is a common problem which leads to the wastage of water. So, the water
level indicator project is used to display the information about the level of water tank by
using LED lights. As result, water can be preserved.

Construction :
• We divide the project in two parts with different circuits:

• 1. Level indicator circuit

• 2. Pump controller circuit

THE INDICATOR CIRCUIT:

• Transistor of NPN type is used as a switch.

• Initially no voltage is applied to the base of the transistor,so it is in OFF state,so no

current is flowing through collector and emitter.

• As, the water level reaches point A(we can set this point-starting point as by our
needs) pump gets ON. positive voltage.

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Open Ended Project lab MOM II Yasir Anas

• As water starts flowing, when it reaches the respective B and C points, their
respective LEDs glow and we get awared of the water level.

• When the point D is reached, Buzzer beep is heared as it indicates the extreme
water level in the tank.

• Note that the left most wire in the tank must be lengthier than other four wires in
the tank, because it is connected to the battery.

• When any other terminal gets dipped, the current passes through water into that
terminal.

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Open Ended Project lab MOM II Yasir Anas

PUMP CONTROLLER CIRCUIT:

• The lower level terminal is hooked up to the trigger (2) of the pin 555 CI.
Therefore, the voltage at the 2nd pin is Vcc while it is inside water.

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Open Ended Project lab MOM II Yasir Anas

• When the water level reduces, the second probe is detached from the water
voltage, and the trigger pin gets to be under Vcc. Then the output of 555 gets high.

• The output 555 is placed on a BC548 transistor, it triggers the relay coil and also
the water pump collectively are switched on.

• When the water level goes up, the upper level probe is included in water and the
transistor turns OFF. Its collector voltage is VCE (sat) = 0.2.

• The low voltage on the 4th pinout resets the IC. Therefore, the output of 555 turns
into 0V. Thus the motor is switched OFF.

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Open Ended Project lab MOM II Yasir Anas

Project Features :

• Easy installation.

• Low maintenance.

• Compact elegant design avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to overflowing tanks.

• Fully automatic, saves man power.

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Open Ended Project lab MOM II Yasir Anas

• Consumes very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.

• Show clear indication of water level.

• Shows no overflow and dry running of pump there by saves electricity and water.

Applications :

• Fuel level indicator in vehicles.

• Household water tanks.

• Dam reservoirs.

• Huge containers in the Factories.

• River heads.

• Industrial plants.

Learning From the Project :

• Basic learning about Relay, ICs, Diodes, transistors etc.

• Planning and organizing a work

• Team work

• Layout designing

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Open Ended Project lab MOM II Yasir Anas

Conclusion :
The project is overall very helpful in learning and making the students practically aware of
the instruments. In this regard the students have to do a lot of work in planning and
organizing and therefore it helped an engineering student to step into the practical field.

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