SAFE DEVELOPMENT OF

LNG AS FUEL FOR TRANSPORT

Berlin, 30th November 2015

Bas van den Beemt, TNO
 TNO, THE NETHERLANDS
ORGANISATION FOR APPLIED
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Established in 1932 by law, approximately 3000 employees, operates
independent from public and private interests.

Develop Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge

fundamental Development Application Exploitation
knowledge
With With Embedded in
With
partners customers the market
universities

Oil & Gas High end

equipmen
Space Defence Automotive:

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CONTENT

LNG as fuel for ships and trucks

Global potential of LNG for substitution of Diesel
Development barriers for LNG for Transport
Knowledge base LNG safety
The role of experimental validation and modeling
Implementation in regulation, codes and standards

Global

NL first open LNG filling station, LNG break bulk terminal at Gate, Worlds first commercial ship-to-ship
(Source: LNG 24) 3
Rotterdam (Source: Gasunie) LNG transfer (Source: Gutteling bv)
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LNG AS FUEL FOR TRANSPORT
CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO DIESEL

Rolande LNG truck fuelling station Deen Shipping, LNG fuelled inland
Tilburg, The Netherlands barge Argonon
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 MARITIME FUEL: HOW TO MEET THE LIMIT?
IMO regulations: Sulphur content shipping fuel limit
from 3,5% to 0,5% globally in 2020, or 2025

MGO, MDO, AGO SCRUBBERS LNG

Operable?
Available? Deliverable?
“Waste (absorbent)
“Distillate capacity “Safe distribution at
handling and
and pricing” small scale?”
regulation?”
Discussed ECA
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ROAD FUEL: EFFECT ON HEAVY DUTY?
Oil based fuels: Global demand growth and environmental challenges

CLEAN ALTERNATIVES DIESEL EURO 6 LNG FOR TRUCKING

Biofuels, hybrid, electric, H2 Mature Technology Integrated CNG for light duty

Deliverable?
Available & Feasible Affordable? “Safe and cost effective
“Capacity & “Extensive auxiliaries distribution at small
Technology fit” needed” scale?”
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 LNG FOR TRANSPORT
HOW?

DRIVERS
Availability and accessibility of
Natural Gas (LNG)
Lower emissions (Nox, Sox, PM and
Noise)
Low cost alternative to diesel
CHALLENGES
Cost effectiveness supply and
fuelling infrastructure
Vehicle technology (fuel systems)
Regulatory development,
Safety codes, regulations and
standards.

“HOW DOES THIS DEVELOP OVER TIME?”

7
Port of Rotterdam
 WHAT?

INNOVATION BARRIERS
WHICH STEPS NEED TO BE TAKEN?

Development
Innovation barrier Standardisation

TNO MISSION: Optimisation

BREAKING THE
Distribution: supply
BARRIERS
Legislation: Safety

Pilot projects
Emission: Environmental chain analysis

Knowledge: transfer from LNG to shipping industry

Start Time
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BACKGROUND: LNG SAFETY PROGRAM

Introduction of LNG for Transport in the Netherlands (National LNG Platform)

Complex permit procedures for LNG fueling infrastructure
Missing input for design regulation (PGS33), Risk calculations and
emergency response protocols
Establishment of the LNG safety program:
• Project partners: TNO and NEN
• Cooperation: Private partners, Health and Safety and Emergency Response
• Execution: TNO and contractors DNVGL en BAM
• Organisation: Steering Group and Technical Expert Committee

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KNOWLEDGE BASE LNG SAFETY

Liquefied Natural Gas for intercontinental gas export since 1964:

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KNOWLEDGE BASE LNG SAFETY

LNG mature technology for large scale shipping, what about bringing it here?:

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KNOWLEDGE BASE LNG SAFETY

LNG for Transport brings different

safety challenges:
Larger probability of failure?
Smaller effect?
Failure scenarios?
Robustness cryogenic equipment?
How to respond in case of incident?
Comparable to LPG?
Knowledge in other countries?

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THE ROLE OF EXPERIMENTAL
VALIDATION AND MODELING
The failure behavior of hoses: leak before failure?
Over-rides:

Tollerance:

Wear:

30 October 2015
THE ROLE OF EXPERIMENTAL
VALIDATION AND MODELING
Heat load resistance:
Test, model, verify and predict.

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IMPLEMENTATION IN REGULATION,
CODES AND STANDARDS
Experience:
No development without understanding;
No understanding without testing;
No understanding without sharing.
Final report Q1 2016

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TNO R&D COLLABORATION ON LNG
Currently running Joint Industry Projects (JIPs):
Engine effect studies and chain analyses,
Research on LNG transfer and bunkering systems,
LNG material and construction research program,
LNG composition and level sensor development,
Safe LNG storage on board,
LNG safety program (National LNG Platform)

TNO Helmond engine tests stand Transfer qualification

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION,

PLEASE JOINT OUR RESEARCH!

BAS VAN DEN BEEMT

TNO GEOENERGY
+31651993441
BAS.VANDENBEEMT@TNO.NL