Writing

Paper Ratio: 50% To 80%

Unit 1: Writing Connected Sentences
Kinds of sentences

1. The simple sentence:

A simple sentence has a single subject-verb combination. Thus, it has only
one idea, or thought.

Example:

1. Birds fly.
2. The meeting started early.
3. Water has been contaminated by the sewage system.
4. Mariam and Sami went home.
5. Sand and dust covered my clothes.

2. The compound Sentences:

A compound sentence combines two simple sentences.

Example:

1. Birds fly, but fish swim.

2. The meeting started early, so we were late.
3. Water has been contaminated, for the sewage system broke down.

Run-on Sentence
Define:-

Run on sentences are sentences that contain too many ideas without
proper punctuations. When a person learns to write English sentences and
compositions, one common problem is writing sentences that are too long. Not all
long sentences are run on sentences.

Some Common Methods to correct a run-on:

Method 1: Full Stop and a Capital Letter

Break the two complete thoughts into two separate sentences by putting a
full stop at the end of the first thought, to form a complete sentence, and then a
capital letter to begin the second thought as separate sentence.

Method 2: Comma and a Joining Word

Use a comma and a joining word to connect the two complete thoughts.

1. First try these seven (coordinating conjunctions)

For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
2. Then try these nine coordinating conjunctions.
Consequently, indeed, nevertheless,
Furthermore, in fact, then,
However, moreover, therefore,

Method 3: Semicolon

Use a semi colon to mark the break between two thoughts.

Example The restaurant was beautiful the food was overpriced.

The restaurant was beautiful; the food was overpriced.

Unit 2: Informal or Personal Letters

Informal or Personal or letter:-

Define:-

Informal / personal or friendly letters are often letters to family

members or friends. Writing informal or personal or friendly letters to
loved ones and are all about giving or sharing interesting news and are
rather intimate in nature.

Kind of personal / informal letter:-

There are many occasions when we need to write informal or personal

letters. For examples

 Letter of congratulations
 Letters exchanging news or information
 Letters saying sorry
 Letters of advice
 Letters expressing thanks
 Letters showing appreciation

Five parts most letters have:-

1- The heading:-

This includes the sender’s address and date, line by line. It should be
written at the top right-hand corner of the letter. For example

House No. 51
Airport Colony
Lahore
20 March, 2019

2- The greetings or salutation:-

The greetings always end with a comma. The greeting begins with
the word “dear” and the person’s given name or relationship. For
example:
Dear Saba,
3- The body:-

It is the main text of a letter. It includes the message we want to

write.

4- The complimentary close:-

This short expression is always a few words on a single line. It ends in

a comma. For example:
Yours sincerely, truly etc.

5- The signature line:-

Under the complimentary close the sender writes his own name.
Sample Informal / Personal Letter
506 Country Lane,
Clifton 4
July 16, 2008.
Dear Anum,
If feels like such a long time since the last time I saw you. So far my summer
has been great! What about yours?
I spent all my time with my grandparents. They pampered me a lot and I
just love their company.
Since their house is near the Clifton beach I have now a nice collection of
sea shells. I also played a lot of badminton with my grandfather and took long
walks with both m nana and nani!
I hope the summer’s been going well for you too. There’ s only a month ft
in summer vacation and after that it’s back to school.
Nana abut and nani ama send their love.
Your friend,
Sana

1- Write a letter to a cousin and invite him/her to your wedding. Give

them some details about your future partner.
2- Write a letter to a friend you haven’t seen or spoken to in a long
time. Write about what you have been doing and ask about what
he/she has been up to recently.
3- Write a letter to a cousin and invite him/her to your wedding. Give
them some details about your future partner.
4- Write a letter to friend who has been having some problems. Ask
him / her how she / he is doing and if you can help.
5- Write an informal / personal letter to your friend and share your
experience of visiting Murree in the winter season.
6- Write an informal / personal letter to your friend and invite him / her
to spend her / him vacation with you.
7- Letter to friend inviting on your birthday.
8- Letter of thanks to our uncle who gave you a gift (laptop) on your
brilliant performance in the previous exams.

Unit 3: Letter of Apology

1- Write an informal letter of apology to a friend on forgetting to invite her / him
on your special occasion like engagement / graduation / wedding.
2- Write a formal letter of apology to your boss on missing an appointment.
3- Write a formal letter of apology to the principal of your brother’s / sister’s
school explaining why your sister / brother remained absent from the school
without any intimation

Unit 4: Letter of Giving Advice

Advice Expression:-

1- I strongly suggest
2- I recommend
3- You are advised
4- I instruct you
 5- I counsel you
6- I urge you
7- I suggest

9- Write a letter to your younger brother/ sister suggesting some

methods of improving his / her English.

English Improving Some Tips:-

1- Don’t be afraid to make mistakes. Be confident. People can only correct your
mistakes when they hear you make them.
2- Surround yourself in English. Put yourself in an all English speaking
environment where you can learn passively. The best way to learn is through
speaking.
3- Practice every day. Make yourself a study plan. Decide how much time a week
you are going to spend studying and stick to it. Establish a routine.
4- Tell your family and friends about your study plan. Get them to push you to
study and also don’t let them interrupt you.
5- Practice the 4 core skills: reading, writing, speaking and listening. They all need
to be worked on for you to improve.
6- Keep a notebook of new words you learn. Use them in sentences and try to say
them at least 3 times when you speak.
7- Do a lesson at least once a day.
8- Memorization of lists is one of the most common ways of learning vocabulary
for a test. It’s only a good exercise for short term studying because you often
do not retain the information that you have learned for a test.
9- Use your body clock. If you’re not a morning person, study in the afternoon.
10- You will find words easier to remember if you try to remember an example
sentence using that word rather the word on its own.
11- Plan to take a test. You’ll find that you work harder when you need to study
for something.
12- Saying that, it’s better not to study just to take a test. Think of the bigger
picture. What can you do when you have a good command of English? How
will the quality of your life improve?
13- Give yourself a long term goal. Focus on working towards it.
14- Give yourself short term goals too and reward yourself when you achieve
each one.
15- Create an atmosphere in which you want to learn, not because you have to.
You’ll learn more when you’re learning because you want to.

Unit 5: Writing Job Application Letter

10 – B. Block
Johar Town
Lahore
25 March, 2015

Dear Sir,

I am writing to apply for the post of (Pos Name) advertised in Daily News of
24 March 2000.

I did my masters in (Subject) with first division. I also have five years
experience as (Post Name) in a well reputed institution of the town.

I am pleased to say that your organization has been upgraded recently, and
offer an excellent working environment. I believe that my experience and
education will make me a very competitive candied for this position.

I enclose my resume and I am available for interview at any time.

My contacts details are:

Telephone:
Mobile:
Yours sincerely,
Name:
Unit 6: Paragraph Development
1- Your childhood memories

Unit 7: Writing an Essay

1- Education for Girls
2- Earthquakes
3- Pollution
4- Role of newspaper in Society

Unit 8: Writing a descriptive Essay

1- My favorite teacher
2- Your best friend
3- A rainy day
4- A visit to the Murree

Unit 9: Writing a Narrative Essay

1- An important day in my life / An interesting school or college incident /
Unforgettable memories of my life
2- Being unprepared for exams
Interview Related Question:-
1- What is your name?

My name is Daniyal Iqbal.

2- How would you describe yourself?

I am a vigilant and proactive Security Officer working to ensure safe, secure, and
orderly environments. I’m also a lifelong learner, always seeking out the latest
security equipment and techniques to patrol buildings. Lastly, I am thorough,
documenting all incidents and actively making suggestions to management about
security improvements and changes.”

3- What makes you unique?

“What makes me unique is my experience of four years in retail. Because I’ve had
first-hand experience fielding shoppers’ questions, feedback and complaints, I
know what customers want. I know what it takes to create a positive consumer
experience through marketing.”

4- Why do you want to work here?

“The company’s mission to help college grads pay off their student loan debt
speaks to me. I’ve been in that situation, and I’d love the opportunity to work
with a company that’s making a difference. Finding a company with a positive
work environment and values that align with my own has remained a priority
throughout my job search, and this company ranks at the top of the list.”

5- What interests you about this role?

“I’ve been passionate about user experience design for most of my professional
career. I was excited to see this company uses Adobe products because I’m well-
versed in the entire suite. Also, I’m a huge advocate for applying agile workflows
to design. I think it’s the most effective way to tackle large projects. I was able to
successfully build and launch an agile process in my previous role as UX manager,
and we saw considerable improvements in project speed.”
6- What motivates you?

“Making a true a difference in the lives of my patients and their families motivates
me to strive for excellence in everything I do. I look forward to seeing my patient’s
reaction when we get a positive outcome that will change their lives forever.
That’s why I became a nurse, and why I’m pursuing a position in
pediatrics.”“Making a true a difference in the lives of my patients and their
families motivates me to strive for excellence in everything I do. I look forward to
seeing my patient’s reaction when we get a positive outcome that will change
their lives forever. That’s why I became a nurse, and why I’m pursuing a position
in pediatrics.”

7- What are you passionate about?

“As an experienced, service-oriented professional with more than a decade of

experience working in boutique salons, I thrive on creating a welcoming
environment for all clients and providing the highest quality skincare services. My
specialized training, along with my interpersonal skills, has helped me become
adept at developing long-term, trusted relationships that help to build a loyal
client base. These relationships are the reason I’m excited to go to work every
day.”

8- Why are you leaving your current job?

“I’m looking for an opportunity that gives me the ability to build closer, long-term
relationships with clients. In my current role, the sales cycle is so short that I don’t
spend as much time building a rapport with my customers as I’d like.
Relationship-building is one of the reasons I chose a career in sales, and I look
forward to working with a company where that’s a top priority.”

9- What are your greatest strengths?

“I’m a natural problem-solver. I find it rewarding to dig deep and uncover

solutions to challenges—it’s like solving a puzzle. It’s something I’ve always
excelled at, and something I enjoy. Much of product development is about finding
innovative solutions to challenging issues, which is what drew me to this career
path in the first place.”

10- What is your salary range expectation?

“My salary expectation is between XX,XXX and XX,XXX, which is the average salary
for a candidate with my level of experience in this city. However, I am flexible.”