Leadership

1- Leadership

 is the ability of an individual or a group of individuals to influence and guide followers or other
members of an organization.
 Process of Social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of other in the
accomplishment of a common task .
 Is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to make something extraordinary happen
.

2- Followership
• is the actions of someone in a subordinate role. It can also be considered as a specific set of skills
that complement leadership, a role within a hierarchical organization, a social construct that is
integral to the leadership process, or the behaviors engaged in while interacting with leaders in an
effort to meet organizational objectives
• the capacity or willingness to follow a leader .

3- characteristics of effective leaders:

• They are clear about what needs to be done.

• They can express their vision of a desirable future in simple language.
• They are idea generators.
• They inspire others to follow them.
• They challenge assumptions.
• They accept and use conflict as needed.
• They are imitated by others.
• They are persistent about getting results.
• When they speak, others listen to them (even their detractors).
• They are convincing people.
• They recognize and utilize the unique value of others.
• They tackle difficult problems.
• They can accept not being liked.
• They are not paralyzed by mistakes; they move on.
• They have their limitations.
• is Dedicated to the “Cause”
• has a Sense of Humor
• is Visionary
• Is Motivational
• is Resolute
• is Balanced
• is Modest
• has Self-control

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4- characteristics of effective Follower :

• 1- Enthusiasm
They come to work happy and cheerful, never letting personal issues affect their
performance. Enthusiasm is contagious, providing motivation in others.
• 2- Set the Example
They model – walk the talk – the values of the organization, never taking short-cuts, compromising
personal or team integrity. They know the First Rule is to set the BEST example.
• 3- Know Their Responsibilities
They are proactive in guiding and teaching team members.
• 4- Exhibit Leadership PRIDE
They assume a:
Personal
Responsibility
In
Developing
Excellence in Everyone
• 5- Initiative Followers
Don’t wait to be told what has to be done. They seek out those requirements and complete them as
part of their own performance, without completing the tasks of others in an egotistic manner.
• 6- Life-long Learners
Leader-Followers thirst for improvement and learning everything they need for their current job and
for chances for promotion to increased positions of responsibility.
• 7- Emotional Awareness
They are aware of the value of establishing strong personal and working relations with everyone.
They exhibit self-discipline and control in stressful situations. They understand the value of
everyone in the organization, treating others with respect and compassion.
• 8- Seek to Serve
While they may not be aware of Servant Leadership practices and principles, followers cheerfully
serve the needs of the organization and of those with whom they work. They will assist others when
necessary, they will put others first, and they will recognize teammates when that affirmation is due.

5- Leadership Styles :-
(I)Traditional Leadership Styles
1- Autocratic leadership Style ( Directive, restrictive, authoritarian" )

• Autocratic leadership is the most traditional style in nursing.

• They are motivated by external forces such as power, authority.
• is characterized by maximum control for the leader and minimum freedom for the group
member.
• He makes all decisions thus do not delegate any authority or responsibility.
• Member of group do not participate in decision making. They only follow orders.
• It characterized by more emphasis on organizational rather than personal goals.
• He emphasizes on structure and policy rather than mutual respect and trust.
• He pressure groups for work output.
• Is characterized by much punishment.
• Concerned with task accomplished rather than relationship.

• Advantages

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 • Some people feel more secure when having fixed rules and only one way to be followed.
• Salary increase may be a major source of satisfaction.
• Less time consuming in case of emergencies situation.
• Used when group in unable to make decisions.

• Disadvantages

• No commitment to organizational goals by members of the group.

• Low productivity
• Low morale, feeling of hostility and apathy.
• Decreased feeling of responsibility.
• No creativity to avoid making errors and being punished.
• Frustration and conflict may arise in the group

2- Democratic Leadership style ( " Consultative, Participative" )

• The democratic style stands midway between the autocratic and laissez faire styles
• based on the degree of freedom and control for followers
• Group member usually participate with their leader in taking decisions.
• Democratic leader depends on mutual trust between the leader and member of his group.
• He gets his power from the group support. Group members may take Their power from the
leader when indicated.
• Concerned with human relations and team work.

Advantages

• Encourage exploration and discovery among the group.

• High morale as a result of participation in making decision.
• Security as result of free and open discussion
• Enthusiasm and feeling of responsibility.

Disadvantages

• Time consuming in decision making.

• Can not be used in emergency situation.
• Lack of efficiency when group members are lacking maturity or skills

3- Laissez fair Lederhip style ( " Permissive, Let alone" )

• It is characterized by maximum freedom of the group member and minimum control by the
leader.
• It exists when the leader is too week or too threatened to lead the group or when the group lack
unity.
• The leader participation is limited to answer when asked.
• Each group member sets goals independently..
• Communication and direction to group are lacking.
• Individuals are motivated by internal forces and should be left alone complete work.
• He provides no control, supervision and coordination.
• It tends to have few established rules and policies.

Advantages:

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 • Suitable in a limited situation.
• Creativity may not be encouraged
• Highly qualified people plan a new approach to solve problems

Disadvantages:

• It is the least efficient among leadership styles.

• It leads to instability, disorganization.
• It leads to decreased productivity.
• No sense of group unity
• Group members will lose sense of initiative and satisfaction

(II)Advanced leadership Styles

A- Transformational Leadership

• Focus on effecting revolutionary change in organizational through commitment to the

organizations vision
• -Emphasize the importance of interpersonal relationship
• -The leader stimulate followers to question, to think critically about what they doing and why

B- Transactional Leadership

• Based on principles of social exchange , theory in which social interaction between leader and
followers is essentially economic.
• -This style aimed at performing work according to:
o 1-Follow policy And procedure.
o 2- Maximizing personal reward

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