Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
PROJECT
MODERN DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
ON
CERTIFICATE
Signature of Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INDEX
S.NO TOPIC
1 INTRODUCTION
2 GALVANIC CORROSION
3 MECHANISM OF RUSTING
4 RUSTING IN NON METALS
4.1 RUSTING IN GLASS
4.2 PREVENTIONS
5 EXPERIMENT (RUSTING OF
IRON)
5.1 REQUIREMENT
5.2 PROCEDURE
5.3 OBSERVATION TABLE
5.4 CONCLUSION
6 FACTOR PROMOTING RUST
7 MEATHODS OF PREVENTION
8 BIBLOGRAPHY
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INTRODUCTION
Given sufficient time, oxygen and water, any iron mass will eventually convert
entirely to rust and disintegrate. Surface rust is flaky and friable, and provides no
protection to the underlying iron, unlike the formation of patina on copper surfaces.
Rusting is the common term for corrosion of iron and its alloys, such as steel. Many
other metals undergo equivalent corrosion, but the resulting oxides are not commonly
called rust.
Other forms of rust exist, like the result of reactions between iron and chloride in an
environment deprived of oxygen – rebar used in underwater concrete pillars is an
example – which generates green rust.
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GALVANIC RUSTING
DEFINATION - Galvanic corrosion (also called bimetallic corrosion) is an
electrochemical process in which one metal corrodes preferentially when it is in
electrical contact with another, in the presence of an electrolyte.
MECHANISM OF RUSTING
OVERVIEW – The theory of rust can be explained by taking the example of
rusting of iron. The theory is called electrochemical theory because it explains the
formation of rust on the basis of formation of electrochemical cells on the surface
of the metal.
Thus, the metal atoms in the lattice pass into the solution as ions, leaving electrons
on the metal itself. These electrons move towards the cathode region through the
metal.
(ii) At the cathodes of each cell, the electrons are taken up by hydrogen ions
(reduction takes place). The ions are obtained either from water or from acidic
substances (e.g. in water
Or
At cathode:
(iii) The overall redox reaction may be written by multiplying reaction at anode by
2 and adding reaction at cathode to equalize number of electrons lost and gained -
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The ferrous ions are oxidised further by atmospheric oxygen to form rust.
It may be noted that salt water accelerates corrosion. This is mainly due to the fact
that salt water increases the electrical conduction of electrolyte solution formed on
the metal surface. Therefore, rusting becomes more serious problem where salt
water is present.
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CERAMICS – Most of the ceramics material are almost immune to corrosion. The
strong ionic/covalent bonds that hold them together leave very little free chemical
energy in the structure. So, they can be thought of as already corroded.
An example of corrosion protection in ceramics is the lime added to soda-lime glass
to reduce its solubility in water.
2. UV- radiation: In the presence of oxygen, UV-radiation can cause a breakdown of the
polymer chains.
3. Ozone: Attacks from ozone on unsaturated polymers (e.g. natural rubber) under stress,
causes characteristic cracks.
4. Water: Absorption of water at elevated temperatures causes hydrolysis of certain groups in a
polymer chain (e.g. urethane and ester groups). Hydrolysis weakens the polymer since the
backbone structure is altered.
RUSTED GLASS
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RUSTED GLASS
AIM – In this project the aim is to investigate effect of the metals coupling
on the rusting of iron. Metal coupling affects the rusting of iron. If the nail
is coupled with a more electro-positive metal like zinc, magnesium or
aluminium rusting is prevented but if on the other hand, it is coupled with
less electro –positive metals like copper, the rusting is facilitated.
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
S.NO EQUIPMENTS
1 Two Petri dishes
2 Four test-tube
4 Beaker
5 Sand paper
6 Wire gauge
7 Gelatine
10 Phenolphthalein
PROCEDURE
1. At first we have to clean the surface of iron nails with the help of
sand paper.
2. After that we have to wind zinc strip around one nail, a clean copper
wire around the second and clean magnesium strip around the third
nail. Then to put all these three and a fourth nail in Petri dishes so
that they are not in contact with each other
3. Then to fill the Petri dishes with hot agar-agar solution in such a
way that only lower half of the nails are covered with the liquids
4. Keep the covered Petri dishes for one day or so.
5. The liquids set to a gel on cooling. Two types of patches are
observed around the rusted nail, one is blue and the other pink.
Blue patch is due to the formation of potassium Ferro- ferricyanide
where pink patch is due to the formation of hydroxyl ions which
turns colorless phenolphthalein to pink.
OBSERVATION TABLE
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY