OUETION 1

GIVEN
Outer diameter of the cylinder=0.4m
Inner diameter of the cylinder=0.3m
Length of the cylinder =0.75m
Drag resistance =0.35m^2
Rolling resistance =0.01

47 , 𝑜 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1300
6
𝑎(𝑥) = 〈(2 ∗ 10 ) ∗ 𝑥 −1.49
,1300 < 𝑥 ≤ 2940〉

𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 ∗ 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

2 ∗ 𝑝𝑖 ∗ 𝑥 ∗ 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
60
𝐺 𝐺2 𝑑𝑣
∗ 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝑈𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝑚𝑔 + 0.625 ∗ 𝑐𝑑 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝑣 2 + (𝑚 + 𝑖 ∗ ( 2 )) ∗ ( )
𝑟 𝜂𝑔 ∗ 𝑟 𝑑𝑡

-
…………(1)
Using these equations we can find torque, power at each and every rpm, using
equation 1 whe can find how the velocity of the vehicle change with respect to
the amount of reserve torque available at each and every rpm

As finding the values of the se variable at multiple instances its recommended

to use a MATLAB code
CODE

clear all
close all
clc

c_length=0.75;
c_d1=0.4;
c_d2=0.3;
steel_density=7700;
v_mass=169;
r_mass=75;
cd_a=0.35;
r_resistance=0.01;
rpm=(1:2940);
vel(1:31)=0;
time=(1:31);
dis(1:31)=0;
omega(1:2941)=0;
r=1;
energy(1:31)=3.6e7;
vmax=0;

c_mass=(pi/4)*(c_d1^2-c_d2^2)*c_length*steel_density;
m_inertia=0.5*c_mass*(c_d1^2+c_d2^2);

Until here we have given the inputs and calculated the mass of the cylinder and
moment of inertia of the cylinder
for i=1:2940
if i<=1300
acceleration(i)=47;
else
acceleration(i)=(2*10^6)*i^(-1.49);
end
end

here we have written the code such that the values of acceleration will be
calculated at every rm and stored in an array
for i=1:2940
torque(i)=m_inertia*acceleration(i);
power(i)=(2*pi*i*torque(i))/60;
end

here we have calculate the torque and power available at each

and every rpm

for i=1:30
vel(i+1)=(torque(r)/0.19-
0.21875*(vel(i))^2)/265.2+vel(i);
energy(i+1)=energy(i)-power(r)/1000;
r=round(vel(i+1));
dis(i+1)=dis(i)+vel(i);
if round(vel(i+1))>round(vmax)
vmax=round(vel(i+1));
 second=i;
end
end
here we have calculate how the velocity of the vehicle changes with respect to
the available torque and also calculate the amount of energy consumed
deceleration=(0-vmax)/10;
for i=20:30
vel(i+1)=vel(i)+deceleration;
r=round(vel(i+1))
if r>0
energy(i+1)=energy(i)+power(r)/1000;
end
if r<=0
energy(i+1)=energy(i);
end
end

here we have calculate the deceleration value and calculated the velocities at the
time of deceleration

PLOTTING
figure(1)
plot(rpm,torque);
xlabel('RPM ');
ylabel('TORQUE');
title('RPM VS TORQUE');
figure(2)
plot(rpm,power);
xlabel('RPM ');
ylabel('POWER');
title('RPM VS POWER');
figure(3)
plot(time(1:30),vel(1:30));
xlabel('TIME ');
ylabel('SPEED');
title('SPEED VS TIME');
figure(4)
plot(time(1:30),energy(1:30))
xlabel('TIME');
ylabel('ENERGY');
title('ENERGY VS TIME');

here we are plotting all the variables that we have found out
Here there is a sudden dip in the power and the torque curves because of the
boundary conditions given
QUESTION 2

Given
Front axle load =1650N
Rear axle load =1550N

As the rake angle was given as 22 degrees the load acting on the suspension will
be resolved into vertical and horizontal components
FRONT SHOCK STIFFNESS=25N/mm
REAR SHOCK STIFFNESS=80N/mm

Deflection of shock absorbers under static load =

1650 ∗cos(22))
FRONT= =61.194mm
25
(1550∗cos(22))
REAR = = 17.9641𝑚𝑚
80

DEFLECTION under dynamic loading

Assuming that tires are perfectly rigid bodies and transfer the loads completely
 0.75𝑔 450
Load transfer front=[(
𝑔
) ∗ 1350 ∗ 3200 = 800𝑁

That means total load acting on the front axle =1650+800=2450N

Now resolving the vertical load acting on the front shock absorber
=2450*cos(22)=2271.6N

2271.6
Front deflection= = 90.86𝑚𝑚
25
750∗cos(22)
Rear deflection= = 8.6923𝑚𝑚
80
BRAKES
ASSUMING max torque=37Nm
PF=823N
Pedal opp force=4115N
Front cylinder diameter =16mm
Master cylinder diameter=201.06mm^2

Rear cylinder diameter =18mm

Master cylinder diameter=254.46mm^2

4115
Preassure out for callipers(front)=
201.06
4115
Preassure out for callipers(rear)=
254.46

Front calliper dia=35mm

No of pistons=2
Area=962.11*2
4115
Force acting in the front calliper= ∗ 962.11 ∗ 2=39.382*10^3N
201.06

rearcalliper dia=35mm
No of pistons=1
Area=962.11
4115
Force acting in the front calliper= ∗ 962.11 = 15.540 ∗ 103 𝑁
254.46
Assuming torque=37Nm
Mt=U*f*Rf
37∗103
Front Rf= = 1.56
0.6∗39.382∗103
37∗103
Rear rf = 3.96
0.6∗16.540∗103

Front brake pads dia

Xfo=180mm
Rear xfo=190mm

Front rotor dia=180mm+20mm=200mm

Rear rotor dia=190mm
QUESTION 3

• Four different pumps were used because each of the component may have
different operating temperatures and the amount of heat dissipated from
each of them depends on the mass of the components
• A one way valve was used from the outlet of the heat exchanger because
the battery might need to be heated such that it wont be over heated (if we
connect the outputs of motor and motor controller directly to the input of
battery it might get over heated )
• An advantage of having different pumps for different component is we
can control the flow happening though different components as them
might need to be cooled differently
• The coolant is compressed and sent into the heat exchanger and the
output is directly sent into the radiator ,to cool it further before
recirculating it
OUESTION 4

As there are many factor that have to be assumed I have written a code which
helps to find out the gear modules, pitch ,reduction ratio which made the
process easy

As the input and output rpms are too distant apart and the given space is too
small
I have to go for compound gear box systems, where two gears are placed on a
single shaft
First gear reduction ratio 2.5
Second gear reduction ratio 4
First gear module =2.5
second gear module =2

here is the code

clear all
close all
clc

r1=8000;
ratio=2.51;
n1=26;
n2=65;
bp=400;
bg=320;
cp=1.100*10^4;
cg=950;
lp=pi*(0.154-(0.912/n1));
lg=pi*(0.154-(0.912/n2));
sp=bp*lp;
sg=bg*lg;
tp=((20*10^3*60)/(2*pi*r1))*1000;
m=1.2*(1.26*((tp/(lp*bp*10*n1)))^(1/3));
if m<2&&m>1.25
m=2;
end
a=m*(n1+n2)/2;
w=10*m;
sigmac=0.74*((ratio+1)/a)*sqrt(((ratio+1)/ratio*10*m)*2*1
0^5*tp);
if sigmac<cp
fprintf('safe as per contact stress\n')
end
fs=bp*w*lp*m;
dp=m*n1;
vp=pi*(dp/1000)*8000/60;
fd=(2*tp/dp)*((5.5+sqrt(vp))/5.5);
if fs>fd
fprintf('safe as per bending stress\n')
end
k=sigmac^2*sind(20)*2*(1/(2*10^5));
fw=dp*((2*ratio)/(ratio+1))*w*k;
if fw>fd
fprintf('safe as per wearing stress\n')
end

Parameters option selection justification

Tooth Cycloidal/Involute Involute Easy to cut and
profile pressure angle
remains
constant
Pressure 14.5/20 20 Compromise
angle between cost
and size
Tooth type Full depth/stub tooth Full depth Power
transmission is
smooth
Quality of Commercial cut/carefully Precession cut To avoid pitting
cut cut/precession cut failure &
dynamic
loading
Types of Open/closed Closed To prevent
system abrasive wear
Types of Corrected/non corrected Non-corrected Easy to design
gearing and
interchangeable
Gear box Symmetrical/unsymmetrical Unsymmetrical Compact and
design less cost