FORDEC (analyze diagram)

FORDEC stands for Facts, Options, Risks and Benefits, Decision Execution

Is problem clearly defined? Diagnosis Situation Assessment

YEs Yes No

Single Options Multiple Options Creative Problem

Given / Required Given Required Follow Procedures:
Solving: Define
w/o diagnosing
problem
problem
Generate Solution

Condition –Action Select Action Resource Management

Rules Do One Do all- Schedule

Go/No Go RPD
Response in Progress Define situation
Recognize trigger Generate response

Analyze the failure & its consequences

1. Landing Capability (Auto land with flaps full or 3 only, No auto land if overweight), check table of
requirement for LVO…and required Wx (CAT II or III)
2. Landing Distance (braking capacity...)
3. Speeds
4. X wind requirement (NWS,remaining flight controls)
5. Land ASAP MEMO
6. Fuel ( endurance)
Options: =make a list of all possible airports meeting the above criteria’s (Wx, Notams, Fuel…)
a. Continue to Destination
b. Return to departure
c. Diversion (Use Rose data + airports ), if Red Land ASAP then use 40 nm range first
d. ASK ADVISE TO TECHNICS OCC
DODAR
Diagnose: Make a diagnosis. Utilize all available resource and view
differing opinions as being helpful and not a hindrance

Options: Work out what your opinions are Encourage all crew
members to express opinions and their doubts or objections
without fear of being made to look foolish

Decision: Make the decision. Always explain the reasons of particular

decision deal only with the facts. Remember that any
decision may be modified in the light of changing
circumstances

Assign: Tasks. Allocate the tasks & share the work load

Review: Can involve addition of new information, and/or the

ongoing result(s) of selected option

The additional R used by some organizations stands for Risk benefits.

This would normally be included in options.
DODAR is one of many primary decision making tools and can be
represented as a circular flow, as the last step involves reviewing which
may entail starting the process again. It covers the five main areas of
decision making.

Diagnose: is the first step to solve a problem or make a decision. It is

necessary to find out what is wrong and if possible what
causes it. Often an aircraft’s computers (EICAS – Boeing,
ECAM – Airbus) will diagnose the fault but it is important to
confirm and to avoid “confirmation bias”. It is not desirable
to shut down the wrong engine or command and
irreversible switch. The Diagnose stage involves
determining and confirming the problem.

Options: is determining what choices you have given the problem

and circumstances. Not all faults are urgent or require
immediate action. If action is required, such as a diversion
there may be choices in airfields such as one where there is
engineering or company support, length of runway given
the fault etc.

Decide: is choosing the best option available to you. In a modern

cockpit environment this should be discussed with both
crew members.

Act/Assign: is to carry out the appropriate action and to assign

tasks to people who are to carry them out.

Reviewing: is possibly the most important stage and is a constant

process, not solely when the actions are complete. It
is needed to ensure that everything is proceeding
according to plan, and the expected safe outcome is
likely. If this is not the case the process can be started
again to diagnose what has changed or what is not
working and then adapt as necessary