Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
2. SPANISH PERIOD
• Spanish occupied Philippines in early 15th century.
• First Filipino alphabet is Alibata
• When Spanish colonized Philippines they changed
Alibata into Roman alphabet.
NOTABLE WORKS
DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA – the first book printed
in the Philippines. Manila, 1593 by Lessing J.
Rosenwald. The book is printed in Gothic letters and
Tagalog.
IBONG ADARNA - a mythical story, formed in
narrative song and poetry called corrido and it is
considered a big part of the Philippine literature. It is
written by Jose dela Cruz a great poet who is also
known as Huseng Sisiw. It is about love, sacrifice and
fantasy.
SELECTION:
DEAD STARS
by Paz Marquez Benitez
3. JAPANESE PERIOD
• Between 1941-1945, Philippine Literature was
interrupted in its development when we were again
conquered by another foreign country, Japan.
Philippine literature in English came to a halt.
• A few of the playwriters were: • The dramatic political scene of our country in the late
1. Jose Ma. Hernandez – wrote PANDAY PIRA 20th century shaped the literature at this time.
2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo – wrote sa PULA, SA PUTI • Philippine writers reacted to oppression, censorship, and
3.Clodualdo del Mundo – wrote BULAGA (an expression changes in government.
in the game Hide and Seek). • In the last 3 decades of the 20th century, the political
4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda – wrote SINO BA KAYO?, DAHIL landscape of the Philippines was a key influence on the
SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NG PATAY. literary produced.
• In particular, the experiences of the Filipinos during the
• Three types of poems emerged during this period. Marcos regime had shaped the literary texts that our
– a poem of free verse that the Japanese liked. writers produced.
1. HAIKU - It is made up of seventeen (17) syllables • Both vernacular works and English texts abounded.
divided into three (3) lines. The first line has five, the The 1987 constitution identified Filipino and English as
second – seven and the third – five. It is allegorical in the two official languages of the country.
meaning, and covers a wide scope in meaning.
• Amado Hernandez named National Artist for Literature THE DIVERSITY OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
published “Bayang Malaya.”
This narrative poem recalls the Japanese occupation LESSON 1: ILOCANO LITERATURE
through the eyes of proletariat characters.
One of the most vibrant Filipino Literatures throughout
Just as Hernandez was establishing the hallmark for poets the ages.
for Filipino, his contemporaries who wrote in English Ilocano regions are also one of the most active
began to focus as well on issues in society. tributaries in the Philippine Literature next to Cebuano,
Bikol, Hiligaynon, Pampagainense, and Tagalog.
• Ruben Cuevas published “Prometheus Unbound”, an Purely alive in form of written and oral literature.
anti-Marcos poem that found its way in a magazine The ancient Ilocano poets expressed themselves in folk
supporting the dictatorship. and war songs.
Dallot, an improvised, versified and impromptu long
• Certainly, the dictatorship recognized the power of poem delivered in a sing-song manner.
literature to open the minds of the Filipinos. When Spaniards arrived in Ilocos Norte in 1572, it took
Publications like “Philippine Free Press” and “Philippine a toll in Ilocano Literature
Graphic” were shut down consequently. Even so, our During the Spanish Era, Ilocano poetry was heavily
writers came up with an underground literature movement influenced by Spanish Poetry.
that continued to express the voice of dissatisfaction. The earliest known written Ilocano poems were the
romances translated from Spanish by Francisco Lopez.
• The social themes of Philippine fiction heightened in the Lopez was an Augustinian friar who published his
1970s. Iloko translation of the Doctrina Christiana (first book
Featuring stories by Fanny Garcia, Epifanio San Juan Jr., published in the Philippines by Cardinal Bellarmine) in
and Ricardo Lee, “Sigwa” cried foul against social 1621
injustice.
Despite the government’s censorship, there were outlets PEDRO BUCANEG - first known Ilokano poet,
for protest fiction that endured. Among these outlets were "Father of Ilokano Poetry and Literature“ blind since
“Kamao,” “Dare to Struggle,” and “Ulos.” childhood. He wrote Biag ni Lam-ang.
Ilonggo Folktale – The Story of the First Durian Mindanao Poetry/Story: A Story of the Orphan Girl
Western Visayas – Ilonggo Folklore – Hinilawod