Manifold Conduction

Hector Ivan Hidalgo Rodriguez

15110157

02/03/2018

University Polytechnic of Chihuahua

Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Objective of Study ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Literature ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Assumptions ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Material Specifications and Thermal Properties ......................................................................................... 4
Free Body Diagram Schematic ..................................................................................................................... 5
Mesh Specifications 3D ................................................................................................................................ 5
Hand Calculations ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Results........................................................................................................................................................... 8
Graph Thermal Conductivity vs Temperature ............................................................................................. 8
Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Table of material ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Appendix..................................................................................................................................................... 11
Introduction
A vehicle's exhaust manifold plays the leading role in a car or truck's exhaust system. It connects
to each exhaust port on the engine's cylinder head, and it funnels the hot exhaust down into one
simple exhaust pipe. With the help of the exhaust manifold gaskets, it also prevents the toxic
exhaust fumes from sneaking into the vehicle and harming the occupants. It’s important to have
your exhaust manifold in good working order.
In automotive engineering, an exhaust manifold collects the exhaust gases from multiple
cylinders into one pipe. Exhaust manifolds are generally simple cast iron or stainless-steel units
which collect engine exhaust gas from multiple cylinders and deliver it to the exhaust pipe.
This analysis I learned how the temperature is in conduction inside the manifold and how the
convection influences. The gases have a higher temperature because before this gases were
burned.
Objective of Study
 The student must analyze the conduction in the manifold
 The student must learn to analyze the table specifications materials specific the
temperature.
 Learn to identify the variables like: thermal conductivity, conduction area, final temp,
initial temp, heat flow.
 The student must graph the thermal conductivity.
 Learn about the stable state in the equation of the heat flux
 Determine the conduction total heat flow and directional heat flow.
 Analyze the directions about heat flow

Literature
1. MMPDS
2. Atlas of fatigue Curves

Assumptions
1. The material was 17-7PH Stainless Steel
2. The material properties were considered as an environment temperature 22°C
3. The Manifold was summited at an internal temperature 550°C.
4. The Manifold was summited at an external temperature 35°C.
5. Material Properties was considered constant against time.
6. It was considered as a steady state.
7. The convection coefficient was not considered because it is a conduction analyze.

Material Specifications and Thermal Properties

Material Spec Form Condition Class Thermal Conductivity

𝑤
17-7 PH AMS 5528 Plate, Sheet and Strip TH1050 A 16.4 𝑚𝐾
Free Body Diagram Schematic

𝒉𝟐
K T2

T1
𝒉𝟏 𝒓𝟐

𝒓𝟏

Data:
h1.- Constant of internal convection coefficient
h2.- Constant of external convection coefficient
T1.- Internal temperature
T2.- External temperature
R1.- Internal ratio
R2.- External ratio
K.- Thermal conductivity

Mesh Specifications 3D
Node Elements Method
31282 7540 Hex Dominant
 𝑄𝑦̇ + 𝑑𝑦
Hand Calculations Y
𝑄𝑥̇

𝑄𝑥̇ + 𝑑𝑥
𝑄𝑥̇

𝑄𝑥̇
Z
𝑄𝑧̇ + 𝑑𝑧

Conduction

To calculate the steady state of heat flow it was necessary to manipulate the equation as follows:
𝑟2 𝑇2 𝑟2 𝑇2
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝑄𝑘̇ = −𝑘𝐴 → ∫ 𝑄𝑘̇ = ∫ −𝑘𝐴 → 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟𝐿 ∴ ∫ 𝑄𝑘̇ = ∫ −𝑘(2𝜋𝑟𝐿)
𝑑𝑟 𝑟1 𝑇1 𝑑𝑟 𝑟1 𝑇1 𝑑𝑟

𝑟2
𝑄𝑘̇ 𝑇2
𝑑𝑇 𝑄𝑘̇ 𝑟2
𝑑𝑟 𝑇2
∫ = ∫ −𝑘 → ∫ = −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑇
𝑟1 (2𝜋𝑟𝐿) 𝑇1 𝑑𝑟 (2𝜋𝐿) 𝑟1 𝑟 𝑇1

𝑄𝑘̇ 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟1
[ln 𝑟]𝑟21 = −𝑘(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) → [ln 𝑟]𝑟21 = ln ( )
(2𝜋𝐿) 𝑟2

−𝑘(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )2𝜋𝐿
̇ 𝒌=
∴ 𝑸 𝑟
ln ( 𝑟1 )
2

Convection

For this equation we also need to eliminate the Transient Behavior the steps are the following:
 𝑟2 𝑟2
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝑄ℎ̇ = ℎ𝐴 → ∫ 𝑄ℎ̇ = ∫ ℎ𝐴 → 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ∴ ∫ 𝑄ℎ̇ = ∫ ℎ𝜋𝑟 2
𝑑𝑟 0 𝑑𝑟 0 𝑑𝑟

𝑟2
𝑄ℎ̇ 𝑑𝑟 𝑄ℎ̇ 𝑟2 𝑑𝑟 𝑄ℎ̇ 𝑟2 −2
∫ = ∫ ℎ 𝑑𝑇 → ∫ = ℎ ∫ 𝑑𝑇 → ∫ 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 = ℎ ∫ 𝑑𝑇
0 𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋 0 𝑟2 𝜋 0

𝑄ℎ̇
− = ℎ(𝑇 + 𝐶) ∴ 𝑸𝒉̇ = −𝜋𝑟ℎ(𝑇 + 𝐶)
𝜋𝑟
Results
Material External Internal temperature Total Heat Directional Heat
temperature Flux Flux
17-7 PH 550 °C 35 °C 𝑤 𝑤
6.1909 3.4359
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2

Graph Thermal Conductivity vs Temperature

Graphic thermal conductivity vs temperature of 17-7PH Stainless Steel, Sheet and Plate

Temperature Temperature
Internal (35 °C) Internal (550 °C)
Conclusions
Table of material
Table of proprieties of the material AMS 5528 17-7PH Stainless Steel Sheet and Plate
Appendix

Figure 1. Temperature

Figure 2. Total Heat Flux

Figure 3. Directional Heat Flux