International Journal of Advent Research in Computer & Electronics, Vol.
1, No5, August 2014
E-ISSN: 2348-5523
Moving Object Tracking and Detection in Videos using
MATLAB: A Review
Prof. Abhijeet A. Chincholkar Ms.Sonali A. Bhoyar
M.E.Digital Electronics, JCOET B.E.EXTC ENGG. Dept., JCOET
Yavatmal. Yavatmal.
chincholkarabhijeet@gmail.com sonalibhoyar11@gmail.com
Abstract-Object tracking is the process of locating
moving objects in the consecutive video frames. Real
time object tracking is a challenging problem in the
field of computer vision, motion-based recognition,
automated surveillance, traffic monitoring, augmented
reality, object based video compression etc. To review
the state-of-the-art tracking methods, classify them into
different categories, and identify new trends.
Difficulties in tracking objects can arise due to abrupt
object motion, changing appearance patterns of both the
object and the scene, non rigid object structures, object-
to-object and object-to-scene occlusions, and camera
motion. Tracking is usually performed in the context of
higher-level applications that require the location and/or
shape of the object in every frame. Typically,
assumptions are made to constrain the tracking problem
in the context of a particular application. The tracking
methods on the basis of the object and motion
representations used, provide detailed descriptions of
representative methods in each category, and examine
their pros and cons. The important issues related to
tracking including the use of appropriate image
features, selection of motion models, and detection of
objects. Object tracking for video sensor-based
applications, an online discriminative algorithm based
on incremental discriminative structured dictionary
learning. A discriminative dictionary combining both
positive , negative and trivial patches is designed to
Ssparsely represent the overlapped target patches. The
models are trained to timely adapt the target
appearance variation. Qualitative and quantitative
evaluations on challenging image sequences compared
with state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrate that the
proposed tracking algorithm achieves a more favorable
performance. In various target tracking related
estimation and data association applications, we extend
or modify particle ltering algorithms. The passive
ranging application when only angle information is
available is discussed for several problems. While
numerous algorithms have been proposed for object
tracking with demonstrated success, it remains a
challenging problem for a tracker to handle large
change in scale, motion, shape deformation with
occlusion.
Ms.Snehal N.Dagwar
B.E.EXTC ENGG. Dept., JCOET
Yavatmal.
Snehaldagwar06@gmail.com
Keywords
Object detection,Object representation, Point tracking,
Shape tracking, Structured dictionary learning; Visual
sensor networks
1. INTRODUCTION
Object tracking is an important task within the
field of computer vision. The proliferation of high-
powered computers, the availability of high quality and
inexpensive video cameras, and the increasing need for
automated video analysis has generated a great deal of
interest in object tracking algorithms. There are three
key steps in video analysis: detection of interesting
moving objects, tracking of such objects from frame to
frame, and analysis of object tracks to recognize their
behavior. In its simplest form, tracking can be defined
as the problem of estimating the trajectory of an object
in the image plane as it moves around a scene. In other
words, a tracker assigns consistent labels to the tracked
objects in different frames of a video. Additionally,
depending on the tracking domain, a tracker can also
provide object-centric information, such as orientation,
area, or shape of an object. Object tracking video is an
important subject and has long been investigated in the
computer vision community. An object, or a target,
refers to a region in the video frame detected or labeled
for specific purposes. Visual trackers proposed in the
early years typically kept the appearance model fixed
throughout an image sequence. Recently, methods
proposed to track targets while evolving the appearance
model in an online manner, called online visual
tracking. An online visual tracking method typically
follows the Bayesian inference framework and mainly
consists of three components: an object representation
scheme, which considers the appearance formulation
uniqueness of the target; a dynamical model (or state
transition model), which aims to describe the states of
the target and their inter-frame relationship over time;
an observation model, which evaluates the likelihood of
an observed image candidate (associated with a state)
belonging to the object class. Although visual tracking
has been intensively investigated, there are still many
challenges, such as occlusions, appearance changes,
significant motions, background clutter, etc. Target
tracking systems rely heavily upon statistical state
estimation theory. For target or object tracking
applications, modern systems are capable of handling
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International Journal of Advent Research in Computer & Electronics, Vol.1, No5, August 2014
E-ISSN: 2348-5523
multiple targets. This leads to data association issues.
The tracking system can be located on a moving
vehicle, such as an aircraft, missile or submarine, or
located on the ground for surveillance purposes. It aims
to solve partial occlusion with a representation based on
histograms of local patches. The tracking task is carried
out by combing votes of matching local patches using a
template. The visual tracking decomposition (VTD)
approach effectively extends the conventional particle
filter framework with multiple motion and observation
models to account for appearance variation caused by
change of pose, lighting and scale as well as partial
occlusion. As a result of the adopted generative
representation scheme, this tracker is not equipped to
distinguish target and background patches.
2. PRESENT THEORY AND PRACTICALS
Kalpesh R. Jadav, M. A. Lokhandwala, and A. P.
Gharge proposed “Vision based moving object
detection and tracking” [1]. Moving object detection
and tracking is often the first step in applications such
as video surveillance. A moving object detection and
tracking system with a static camera has been
developed to estimate velocity, distance parameters. A
general moving object detection and tracking based on
vision system using image difference algorithm. It
focuses on detection of moving objects in a scene for
example moving people meeting each other, and
tracking and detected people as long as they stay in the
scene. This is done by image difference algorithm with
matlab software and we could calculate distance, frame
per time, velocity .In this paper we estimated the
position of moving people and velocity also. It
describes an algorithm to estimate Moving object
velocity using image processing technique from the
camera calibration parameters and matlab software.
Michalis K. Titsias proposed “Matlab toolbox for
learning object models from video” [2]. It provides
information for using the toolbox for learning layered
object models from a video which is publically
available. The theoretical foundations of the algorithm
used in the software can be found. A complete
description of the algorithm can be also found. The
toolbox consists of a set of matlab functions. To run this
software you need to have installed a recent version of
matlab (version 6.0 or later) together with the image
processing toolbox. The background object in each
video frame is assumed to follow a translational motion
across all frames, while the foreground objects can
undergo similarity transformations.
G. L. Foresti, C. Micheloni and C. Piciarelli
proposed “Detecting Moving People in Video Streams”
[3]. The detection of moving people is an important task
for video surveillance systems. It presents a motion
segmentation algorithm for detecting people moving in
indoor environments. The algorithm works with mobile
cameras and it is composed of two main parts. In the
first part, a frame-by-frame procedure is applied to
compute the difference image, and a neural network is
used to classify whether the resulting image represents a
static scene or a scene containing mobile objects. The
second part tries to reduce the detection errors in terms
of both false or missed alarms. A finite state automaton
has been designed to give a robust classification and to
reduce the number of false or missed blobs. Finally, a
bounding ellipse is computed for each detected blob in
order to isolate moving people
Arnab Roy, Sanket Shinde and Kyoung-Don Kang
proposed “An Approach for Efficient Real Time
Moving Object Detection” [4]. Moving object detection
is essential for real-time surveillance; however, it is
challenging to support moving object detection in a
timely fashion due to the compute-intensive nature. We
tackle the challenge by developing new techniques to
substantially expedite moving object detection. We
have implemented our approaches using a low-end
webcam in a commodity laptop with no special
hardware for high speed image processing. We have
compared the performance of our approaches to the
well-known background modeling technique. Our
approaches reduce the average delay for moving object
detection by up to 45.5% and decrease the memory
consumption by up to approximately 14%, while
supporting equally accurate detection.
G. Shrikanth and Kaushik Subramanian proposed
“IMPLEMENTATION OF FPGA-BASED OBJECT
TRACKING ALGORITHM” [5]. Using Image
Processing algorithms for the purpose of Object
Recognition and Tracking and implement the same
using an FPGA. In today’s world most sensing
applications require some form of digital signal
processing and these are implemented primarily on
serial processors. While the required output is
achievable, it can be beneficial to take advantage of the
parallelism, low cost, and low power consumption
offered by FPGAs. The Field Programmable Gate Array
(FPGA) contains logic components that can be
programmed to perform complex mathematical
functions making them highly suitable for the
implementation of matrix algorithms. The individual
frames acquired from the target video are fed into the
FPGA. These are then subject to segmentation,
thresholding and filtering stages. The object is tracked
by comparing the background frame and the processed
updated frame containing the new location of the target.
The results of the FPGA implementation in tracking a
moving object were found to be positive and suitable
for object tracking.
Zvi Figov , Yoram Tal and Moshe Koppel proposed
“ Detecting and Removing Shadows” [6]. A method for
the detection and removal of shadows in RGB images.
The shadows are with hard borders. This method begins
with a segmentation of the color image. It is then
decided if a segment is a shadow by examination of its
neighboring segments. We use the method introduced
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International Journal of Advent Research in Computer & Electronics, Vol.1, No5, August 2014
E-ISSN: 2348-5523
to remove the shadows by zeroing the shadow’s borders
in an edge representation of the image, and then
reintegrating the edge using the method introduced by
Weiss . This is done for all of the color channels thus
leaving a shadow-free color image. Unlike previous
methods, the present method requires neither a
calibrated camera nor multiple images. This method is
complementary of current illumination correction
algorithms. Examination of a number of examples
indicates that this method yields a significant
improvement over previous methods.
Jianwei Zhou and Kefeng Lu, Tamu proposed “Real-
time Optical Flow-Based Motion Tracking” [7]. The
tracking of the object is based on optical flows among
video frames in contrast to image background-based
detection. The proposed optical flow method is
straightforward and easier to implement and we assert
has better performance. The project consist of two parts,
software simulation on Simulink and hardware
implementation on TI TMS320DM6437 DSP board.
The idea of this project is derived from the tracking
section of the demos listed in MATLAB computer
vision toolbox website.
Volker Grabe, Heinrich H. B¨ulthoff, and Paolo
Robuffo Giordano proposed “Robust Optical-Flow
Based Self-Motion Estimation for a Quadrotor UAV”
[8]. Robotic vision has become an important field of
research for micro aerial vehicles in the recent years.
While many approaches for autonomous visual control
of such vehicles rely on powerful ground stations, the
increasing availability of small and light hardware
allows for the design of more independent systems. In
this context, we present a robust algorithm able to
recover the UAV ego-motion using a monocular camera
and on-board hardware. Our method exploits the
continuous homography constraint so as to discriminate
among the observed feature points in order to classify
those belonging to the dominant plane in the scene.
Extensive experiments on a real quadrotor UAV
demonstrate that the estimation of the scaled linear
velocity in a cluttered environment improved by a
factor of 25% compared to previous approaches.
Bhavana C. Bendale and Anil R. Karwankar
proposed “Moving Object Tracking in Video Using
MATLAB” [9]. A method is described for tracking
moving objects from a sequence of video frame. This
method is implemented by using optical flow (Horn-
Schunck) in matlab simulink. It has a variety of uses,
some of which are: human computer interaction,
security and surveillance, video communication and
compression, augmented reality, traffic control, medical
imaging and video editing.
Yi Liu and Yuan F. Zheng, proposed “Video
Object Segmentation and Tracking Using –Learning
Classification “ [10]. As a requisite of the emerging
content-based multimedia technologies, video object
(VO) extraction is of great importance. This paper
presents a novel semiautomatic segmentation and
tracking method for single VO extraction. Unlike
traditional approaches, the proposed method formulates
the separation of the VO from the background as a
classification problem. Each frame is divided into small
blocks of uniform size, which are called object blocks if
the centering pixels belong to the object, or background
blocks otherwise. After a manual segmentation of the
first frame, the blocks of this frame are used as the
training samples for the object-background classifier. A
newly developed learning tool called -learning is
employed to train the classifier which outperforms the
conventional Support Vector Machines in linearly
nonseparable cases. To deal with large and complex
objects, a multilayer approach constructing a so-called
hyperplane tree is proposed. Each node of the tree
represents a hyperplane, responsible for classifying only
a subset of the training samples. Multiple hyperplanes
are thus needed to classify the entire set.
Richard Roberts, Christian Potthast and Frank
Dellaert proposed “Learning General Optical Flow
Subspaces for Ego motion Estimation and Detection of
Motion Anomalies” [11]. It deals with estimation of
dense optical flow and ego-motion in a generalized
imaging system by exploiting probabilistic linear
subspace constraints on the flow. We deal with the
extended motion of the imaging system through an
environment that we assume to have some degree of
statistical regularity. For example, in autonomous
ground vehicles the structure of the environment around
the vehicle is far from arbitrary, and the depth at each
pixel is often approximately constant. The subspace
constraints hold not only for perspective cameras, but in
fact for a very general class of imaging systems,
including catadioptric and multiple-view systems. To
identify and cope with image regions that violate
subspace constraints, such as moving objects, objects
that violate the depth regularity, or gross flow
estimation errors, we employ a per-pixel Gaussian
mixture outlier process.
Aurélie Bugeau , Patrick Pérez proposed “Track and
Cut: simultaneous tracking and segmentation of
multiple objects with graph cuts” [12]. A new method
to both track and segment multiple objects in videos
using min-cut/max-flow optimizations. We introduce
objective functions that combine low-level pixel wise
measures (color, motion), high-level observations
obtained via an independent detection module, motion
prediction and contrast-sensitive contextual
regularization. One novelty is that external observations
are used without adding any association step. The
observations are image regions (pixel sets) that can be
output by any kind of detector. The minimization of
these cost functions simultaneously allows "detection-
before-track" tracking (track-to-observation assignment
and automatic initialization of new tracks) and
segmentation of tracked objects. When several tracked
objects get mixed up by the detection module (e.g.,
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E-ISSN: 2348-5523
single foreground detection mask for objects close to
each other), a second stage of minimization allows the
proper tracking and segmentation of these individual
entities despite the observation confusion. Experiments
on different type of sequences demonstrate the ability of
the method to detect, track and precisely segment
persons as they enter and traverse the field of view,
even in cases of partial occlusions, temporary grouping
and frame dropping.
Fuxin Li, Taeyoung Kim, Ahmad Humayun, David
Tsai, James M. Rehg proposed “Video Segmentation
by Tracking Many Figure-Ground Segments” [13]. An
unsupervised video segmentation approach by
simultaneously tracking multiple holistic figure ground
segments. Segment tracks are initialized from a pool of
segment proposals generated from a figure-ground
segmentation algorithm. Then, online non-local
appearance models are trained incrementally for each
track using a multi-output regularized least squares
formulation. By using the same set of training examples
for all segment tracks, a computational trick allows us
to track hundreds of segment tracks efficiently, as well
as perform optimal online updates in closed-form.
Besides, a new composite statistical inference approach
is proposed for refining the obtained segment tracks,
which breaks down the initial segment proposals and
recombines for better ones by utilizing high order
statistic estimates from the appearance model and
enforcing temporal consistency. For evaluating the
algorithm, a dataset, Seg Track v2, is collected with
about 1,000 frames with pixel-level annotations. The
proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art
approaches in the dataset, showing its efficiency and
robustness to challenges in different video sequences.
V.Purandhar Reddy proposed “ Object Tracking
Based on Pattern Matching” [14]. A novel algorithm
for object tracking in video pictures, based on edge
detection, object extraction and pattern matching is
proposed. With the edge detection, we can detect all
objects in images no matter whether they are moving or
not. Using edge detection results of successive frames,
we exploit pattern matching in a simple feature space
for tracking of the objects. Consequently, the proposed
algorithm can be applied to multiple moving and still
objects even in the case of a moving camera. We
describe the algorithm in detail and perform simulation
experiments on object tracking which verify the
tracking algorithm’s efficiency.
Abhishek Kumar Chauhan and Prashant Krishan
proposed “ Moving Object Tracking using Gaussian
Mixture Model and Optical Flow” [15]. A new
tracking method that uses Gaussian Mixture Model
(GMM) and Optical Flow approach for object tracking.
The GMM approach consists of three different
Gaussian distributions, the average, standard deviation
and weight respectively. There are two important steps
to establish the background for model, and background
updates which separate the foreground and background.
This paper combines the GMM and Optical Flow object
tracking. The advantages of Optical Flow are quick
calculations and the disadvantage is a lack of complete
object tracking. The advantage of GMM is complete
results of the operation the disadvantage is not a
complete object tracking, GMM result of the operation
complete but disadvantages include computing for a
long time with more noise. These two methods can
complement each other and image filtering results in the
successful tracking of objects. It has variety of uses
such as video communication and compression, traffic
control, medical imaging and video editing.
Abel Mendes, Luis Conde Bento and Urbano Nunes
proposed “Multi-target Detection and Tracking with a
Laserscanner” [16]. A method of detection and
tracking of moving objects (DATMO) using a Laser
Range Finder (LRF). The DATMO system is able to
classify several kind of objects and can be easily
expanded to detect new ones. It is composed by three
modules: scan segmentation; object classification using
a suitable voting scheme of several object properties;
and object tracking using a Kalman filter that takes the
object type to increase the tracking performance into
account. The goal is the design of a collision avoidance
algorithm to integrate in a Cyber care vehicle, which
uses the computed time-to-collision for each moving
obstacle validated by the DATMO system.
M. Aprile, A. Colombari, A. Fusiello, V. Murino
proposed “SEGMENTATION AND TRACKING OF
MULTIPLE OBJECTS IN VIDEO SEQUENCES”
[17]. A system that produces an object-based
representation of a video shots composed by a
background (still) mosaic and moving objects.
Segmentation of moving objects is based on ego-motion
compensation and on background modeling using tools
from robust statistics. Region matching is carried out by
an algorithm that operates on the Mahalanobis distance
between region descriptors in two subsequent frames
and uses Singular Value Decomposition to compute a
set of correspondences satisfying both the principle of
proximity and the principle of exclusion. The sequence
is represented as a layered graph, and specific
techniques are introduced to cope with crossing and
occlusions.
Kay Ch. Fuerstenberg, Klaus C. J. Dietmayer,
Stephan Eisenlauer proposed “Multilayer Laserscanner
for robust Object Tracking and Classification in Urban
Traffic Scenes” [18]. The latest Laserscanner
development of IBEO combines several innovations for
automotive use. The sensor is a Multilayer scanner,
which measures both distances and reflectivities
simultaneously in 4 horizontal scan planes. This can be
used to compensate pitching of the vehicle. Also, a
multi target capability is integrated which allows the
sensor to detect two distances with a single
measurement, e.g. to be robust against rain. A system
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E-ISSN: 2348-5523

architecture for detection and modelling of dynamic answer the crucial question of how to choose the feature
traffic scenes is used to give a general idea of the windows that are best suited for tracking. Our selection
different tasks to reach the goal of a complete criterion is based directly on the definition of the
environmental model using a sensor for a wide range of tracking algorithm, and expresses how well a feature
applications. can be tracked. As a result, the criterion is optimal by
construction. We show by experiment that the
Nicholas McKinley Johnson proposed
performance of both the selection and the tracking
“SIMULTANEOUS LOCALIZATION, MAPPING
algorithm are adequate for our factorization method,
AND OBJECT TRACKING IN AN URBAN
and we address the issue of how to detect occlusions. In
ENVIRONMENT USING MULTIPLE 2D LASER
the conclusion, we point out specific open questions for
SCANNERS” [19]. Robotics is a rapidly developing
future research.
field. Initially used primarily on the assembly line since
the introduction of Unimate at General Motors in 1961, Dr. M. Hemalatha and S. Kavitha proposed “A
robots have grown to take on many different roles. System for Dissecting the Video for Tracing Multiple
Today’s robots can be seen, not only on the assembly Humans in Multifaceted Situation” [21]. Segmenting
line but also cleaning people’s homes, moving lawns, and tracking multiple humans is a challenging problem
and protecting soldiers on the battlefield. One of the in complex situations in which extended occlusion,
areas currently getting a lot of attention is the area of shadow and/or reflection exists. We tackle this problem
unmanned vehicles. These vehicles are being used to with a 3D model-based approach. This method includes
accomplish missions in dangerous situations where two stages, segmentation (detection) and tracking.
human life would be at risk. Many of the unmanned Human hypotheses are generated by shape analysis of
vehicles currently deployed on the battlefield are the foreground blobs using a human shape model. The
operated remotely or with human supervision. segmented human hypotheses are tracked with a
However, as unmanned vehicles continue to evolve Kalman filter with explicit handling of occlusion.
there is an increasing desire to have these vehicles work Hypotheses are verified while they are tracked for the
independent of human interaction. The research first second or so. The verification is done by walking
presented in this document will hopefully assist in recognition using an articulated human walking model.
reaching that goal. By using 2D laser scanner the object We propose a new method to recognize walking using
is tracked. motion template and temporal integration.
Carlo Tomasi and Takeo Kanade proposed
“Detection and Tracking of Point Features ” [20]. The
factorization method described in this series of reports
requires an algorithm to track the motion of features in
an image stream. Given the small inter-frame
displacement made possible by the factorization
approach, the best tracking method turns out to be the
one proposed by Lucas and Kanade in 1981. The
method defines the measure of match between fixed-
size feature windows in the past and current frame as
the sum of squared intensity differences over the
windows. The displacement is then defined as the one
that minimizes this sum. For small motions, a
linearization of the image intensities leads to a Newton-
Raphson style minimization. In this report, after
rederiving the method in a physically intuitive way, we
Title Author Year Technique Merits Demerits Future Scope

The concepts of It included

dynamic template high resolution
A moving object
matching and frame Using matlab we camera and
K.R.Jadav, detection and
Vision based differencing have can easily frame grabber
M.A.Lokhand tracking system with
moving object 2011 been used to implemented card which is
wala, a static camera has
detection and implement a robust Image difference support to
A.P.Gharge been developed to
tracking automated single algorithm. camera so it
estimate velocity,
object tracking becomes
distance parameters.
system. costly.

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E-ISSN: 2348-5523

The number of
objects
The RGB images of
The toolbox for To run this increases,
Matlab toolbox the software should
learning layered software it is there is a
for learning object M. K. Titsias 2004 automatically
object models from necessary to have combinatorial
models from transform the images
a video which is installed a recent explosion of
video to grayscale image
publically available. version of matlab. the number of
format.
configurations.

The system allows

It presents a motion The computed the mobile robot to
G. L. Foresti, segmentation The computed
threshold was follow a single
Detecting Moving C. Micheloni algorithm for threshold
2005 bigger enough moving person, it is
People in Video and detecting people highlights the
to allow the currently
Streams C.Piciarelli moving in indoor acquisition noise. detection triggered to handle
environments. of the objects. only scenarios with a
single moving object.
Real-time
An approaches
surveillance
This technique is to using a low-end
and visual
An Approach for A.Roy, directly subtract two webcam in a Improve in moving
Efficient Real commodity laptop tracking is
S.Shinde and 2009 consecutive frames to object detection
Time Moving with no special computationall
K.D. Kang extract the difference algorithms.
y expensive
Object Detection image. hardware for high
and resource
speed image
processing. hungry.

It use Image
Processing
algorithms for Object To work in an
Image processing In offline
Implementation of G. Shrikant Recognition and unstructured
is difficult to processing
FPGA- based And 2008 Tracking and environment which
achieve on a serial there is no
object tracking K.Subramania implement the same has no artificial
processor. timing
algorithm n using an FPGA(Field blue/green screen.
constraint.
Programmable Gate
Array).

To Classify the x, y
It does not gradients of a shadow
Z.Figov, The image is segmented requires a The original area into shadow and
Detecting and successfully into image is not
Removing R.Gan, Y. Tal, 2003 calibrated camera reflectance using
M. Koppel . segments based on nor multiple overly shape information in
Shadows colours alone. compressed.
images. addition to color
information.

The DSP
It corresponds to
board only A more powerful
It identify and track a a moving object
Real-time Optical J.Zhou and supports two DSP board is require
2005 moving object within with minimum
Flow-Based K.L. TAMU output video to implement the
a velocity
Motion Tracking windows at the model.
Video sequence. magnitude.
same time.

A robust Algorithm is
Robust Optical- The low- The optical flow
used to recover the There is high
Flow Based Self- V.Grabe, H. computational tracking, the features
UAV ego-motion by frame rates on
Motion B¨ulthoff, and 2012 power is required are not necessarily
using a monocular the quality of
Estimation P.R. Giordano for estimating distributed evenly
camera and on-board the computed
for a Quad-rotor self-motion. across the image
hardware. optic flow.
UAV plane

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E-ISSN: 2348-5523

A moving
object have
It described for
many small
B.C.Bendale tracking moving Optical flow
boundary It can modified to
Moving Object and objects from a method is
2009 boxes due to differentiate
Tracking in Video A.R.Karwanka sequence of video straightforward
the optical different class objects
Using MATLAB r frame. and easier to
detection on in real time video.
Implement.
different part
of the moving
object.
Approach has
A novel semi
Video Objec lower
automatic approach To extend the
Segmentation and Yi Liu, Yuan It can yield computational
that handles single proposed
Tracking Using- F.Zheng, 2005 relatively accurate complexity
VO extraction as a approach to multiple
Learning Fellow object boundary. than many
binary classification object tracking.
Classification spatial-based
problem.
approaches.
It deals with
Learning General
estimation of dense
Optical Flow A collection of
optical flow and ego- Optical flow
Subspaces for It is heavy, learned subspaces
R. Roberts, motion in a estimation in
Ego-motion expensive, and could
C.Potthast and 2009 generalized imaging general suffers
Estimation and require much describe the depth in
F.Dellaert system by exploiting from the aperture
Detection of power. multiple typical
probabilistic linear problem.
Motion environment.
subspace constraints
Anomalies
on the flow.
The different type of
It do not deal
sequences
with the
Simultaneous It use both track and demonstrate the
It jointly entrance of
tracking and segment multiple ability
manipulate pixel new objects in
segmentation of A.Bugeau and objects in videos of the method to
2007 labels and track-to the scene and
multiple objects P.Pérez using detect, track and
detection do not give the
with min-cut/max-flow precisely segment
assignment labels. complete
graph cuts optimizations. persons as they enter
segmentation
and traverse the field
of the objects.
of view.
Due to
It approach by
multiple
tracking a pool of
Video adjacent To improve the
F.Li, T. Kim, holistic, figure It allows to track
Segmentation by moving segment generation
A.Humayun, ground segments on hundreds of
Tracking Many 2013 objects the and
D.Tsai, J.M. each frame, generated segment
Figure-Ground movement in feature computation
Rehg by a multiple figure- tracks efficiently
Segments the case of steps.
ground segmentation
Frog is very
algorithm.
small.
A novel algorithm for
They contain
object tracking in It realized a
problems in To represent the
Object Tracking video pictures, based shifting operation
separating the object’s color
Based on Pattern V. P. Reddy 2012 on edge detection, in a hardware
information features for the
Matching object extraction and realization.
from the tracking purpose.
pattern matching is
background
proposed.
The tracking method
Moving Object
that uses Gaussian There is a lack Modified to
Tracking using A.K. Chauhan
Mixture Model and Optical Flow are of complete differentiate different
Gaussian Mixture and 2013
Optical Flow quick calculation. object class objects in real
Model and P. Krishan
approach for object tracking. time video.
Optical Flow
tracking.

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 International Journal of Advent Research in Computer & Electronics, Vol.1, No5, August 2014
E-ISSN: 2348-5523

The system An object with

Method of detection proved to be an high To find solution to
Multi-target
A.Mendes, and tracking of efficient on confidence the critical issue
Detection and
L.C.Bento and 2004 moving objects using tracking multi- immediately at based on range data
Tracking with a
U. Nunes. a Laser Range Finder objects over time, the first scan most often used with
Laser-scanner
is used . resulting in good when it visual data.
velocity estimates. appears.
A system that
The additional alpha
Segmentation and produces an object- It has an high Digital video
M.Aprile, A. channel in image
tracking of based representation compression rate does not give
Colombari, A. representation for a
multiple 2003 of a video shots in the any explicit
Fusiello and more realistic
objects in video composed by a transmission of description of
V. Murino blending of the object
sequences background and the sequence its content.
with the background
moving objects
To set up a complete
knowledge based
Multilayer Laser-
K.C. A reliable environmental model
scanner for robust Object recognition It needs a
Fuerstenberg, detection and around a driving
Object Tracking around the vehicle to low-speed
Klaus, C. J. 2002 tracking of the passenger car, robust
and Classification detect dangerous tracking and
Dietmayer, S. objects around detection, tracking
in Urban Traffic situations detection.
Eisenlauer can be performed. and classification
Scenes
algorithms are
essential.
Simultaneous
localization, It is used for sharing
As the task High-level
mapping and the
complexity planner is use To generate singular
object tracking in information with
N.m.johnson 2010 increases, the the contextual representations for
an urban other components
need for safety data to modify detected objects.
environment within the
also increases. its plan.
using multiple 2D autonomous system.
laser scanners.
There is
To use windows To develop an
intensity
Detection and To track the motion with high standard inexpensive and
C. Tomasi differences
Tracking of Point 1991 of features in an deviations in the automatic window
andT. Kanade between a past
Features image stream. spatial intensity size selection
and a current
profile. algorithm.
window.
The motion
To automatically
A System for A simple blob templates
decide the time to do
Dissecting the It recognize walking tracker is used to responses are
Dr. M. human detection
Video for Tracing using motion keep track of the integrated over
Hemalatha, S. 2013 when a human or a
Multiple Humans template and path of and time to
Kavitha group of human
in Multifaceted temporal integration. changes to the achieve
entirely enters the
Situation moving blobs. walking
image.
recognition.
discussion on popular object detection. We provide
3. CONCLUSION detailed summaries of object trackers, including
This work analyzed an extensive object tracking discussion on the object representations, motion models
methods and also gives a brief review of related topics. and the parameter estimation schemes employed by the
We divide the object tracking methods into three tracking algorithms. We believe that on object tracking
categories based on the use of object representations. with a rich detail contents, we can give valuable insight
These methods established point correspondence, into this research topic and encourage new research.
methods using primitive geometric models. This object REFERENCES
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E-ISSN: 2348-5523

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