Cad Lab - II Manual

A LAB MANUAL on CAD LAB -II
CIVIL 3rd YEAR
N.MANEIAH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS -CAD LAB -II
S No Experiment Name
1 Detailing of reinforcement in Cantilever, Simply supported and Continuous Beams (Both
Singly & Doubly Reinforced Beams)
2 Detailing of reinforcement in canopy & columns (both uniaxial & biaxial)
3 Detailing of reinforcement in RC isolated footings square, rectangular, circular and

combined footings.
4 Detailing of reinforcement in RC one-way, two-way slabs and dog-legged staircases.
5 Drawing of Steel bolted and welded connections

6 Drawing of steel compression and tension members
7 Drafting of steel beams-built-up sections.
8 Drafting of steel plate girder
9 Drafting of steel roof truss

INTRODUCTION TO BEAM
A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis. Its
mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction
forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to
produce shear forces and bending moments within the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses,
strains and deflections of the beam. Beams are characterized by their manner of support, profile
(shape of cross–section), length, and their material.
In engineering, beams are of several types:
1. Simply supported – a beam supported on the ends which are free to rotate and have no
moment resistance.
2. Fixed – a beam supported on both ends and restrained from rotation.
3. Over hanging – a simple beam extending beyond its support on one end.
4. Continuous – a beam extending over more than two supports.
5. Cantilever – a projecting beam fixed only at one end.
Types of Reinforcement in Beams

1) Generally a beam consists of following steel reinforcements:
2) Longitudinal reinforcement at tension and compression face.
3) Shear reinforcements in the form of vertical stirrups and or bent up longitudinal bars.
4) Side face reinforcement in the web of the beam provided when the depth of the web in a
beam exceeds 750 mm.
5) Distribute minimum 0.1% of the web area equally on two faces at a spacing not
exceeding 300 mm or web thickness, whichever is less.
Reinforcement Cover in Beam
1) Minimum cover in beams must be 25 mm or shall not be less than the larger diameter of
bar for all steel reinforcement including links.
2) Nominal cover specified in Table 16 and 16A of IS456–2000 should be used to satisfy
the durability criteria.
Stirrups
This type of reinforcement act against shear force. Following are the types of stirrups provided in
beams
Fig: Types of stirrups in beams
Standard hooks and bends
Commonly, the provision of steel bar anchorage is in form of bends and hooks
provided that straight length insufficient to develop bars. Moreover, the
anchorage value of bend of bar is taken as 4 times the diameter of bar for every
450 bend subjected to maximum of 16 times the diameter of bar.
Fig: Standard bends and hooks in beams
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF CONTINUOUS BEAM (doubly reinforced)
Details of Continuous beam (doubly reinforced)

Width of the beam 300mm
Depth of the beam 500mm
Thickness of slab 150mm
c/c spacing 3m
Distribution reinforcement of slab 8 @ 150mm
Main reinforcement 10 @ 280mm
Beam top reinforcement (beam mid section) 2 @ 16 dia
Beam bottom reinforcement (beam mid 4 @ 28 dia
section)
Beam beginning and ending (top) 2 @ 16dia ,2 @ 28 dia
Beam beginning and ending (bottom) 2 @ 28 dia
Stirrups 8mm dia @ 300mm c/c
Shear reinforcement for two legged stirrups
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF CONTINUOUS BEAM (singly reinforced)
Details of Continuous beam (singly reinforced)

Size of the beam 300X250mm
Length of the beam 6m
Effective cover 30mm
Top reinforcement 2 @ 16 dia
Bottom reinforcement 3 @ 20mm
Shear reinforcement
DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENT IN RC DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE (spanning

horizontal)
DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENT IN
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM (singly reinforced)
Details of simply supported beam (singly reinforced)

Clear span of the beam 3500mm
Bearings on either side 200mm
concrete M20 grade
Steel Fe415
Reinforcement:
1. Bars in tension 5#20, out of which 2 bars are cranked at 450
at a distance of 400mm from the face of the
support
2. Hanger/ Anchor bars 2#12
3. Stirrups #8,two legged stirrups at 250mm c/c
Covers:
1. Bottom clear cover 40mm
2. Top clear cover 40mm
3. Side clear cover 40mm
Draw the following Views:
1) Longitudinal section
2) Cross section at the middle
3) Cross section at the end
Solution:
1) Length of main bar (#20)

L = l + 2 X 9d
Where
l = clear span + 2 X end bearings – 2 X end cover

l = 3500 + 2 X 200 – 2 X 40
l = 3820mm or 3.82m
L = l + 2 X 9d
L = 3.82 + 2 X 9 X 0.02
L = 4.18 m
No of bars = 3
2) Length of Bent up bars or cranked bars (#20)
L = l + 2 X 9d + 2 X 0.42D
Where
l = 3500 + 2 X 200 – 2 X 40
l = 3820mm or 3.82m
D = Total depth of beam - top clear cover – bottom clear cover – diameter of bent up bars
D = 450 – 40 – 40 – 20
D = 350mm or 0.35m
L = l + 2 X 9d + 2 X 0.42D
L = 3.82 X 2 X 9 X 0.02 + 2 X 0.42 X 0.35
L = 4.4m
3) Length of Anchor or Hanger bars (#12)
L = l + 2 X 9d
Where
l = 3500 + 2 X 200 – 2 X 40
l = 3820mm or 3.82m
L = l + 2 X 9d
L = 3.82 + 2 X 9 X 0.02
L = 4.18 m
No of bars = 2
4) Length of stirrup (#8)

L = 2 X (a+b) + 2 X 12d
Where
a = Length of beam - 2 X end cover

a = 300-2 X 40
a = 220mm or 0.22m
b = Breadth or width of beam – 2 X top and bottom clear cover
b = 450 – 2 X 40
b = 370mm or 0.37m
L = 2 X (0.22+1.37) + 2 X 12 X 0.08
L = 1.37m
clear span + 2 X end bearing – 2 X end cover
No of stirrups = spacing of stirrups
3500+2 𝑋 200−2 𝑋 40
= 250
= 1628mm = 17no’s
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM (doubly reinforced)
SIMPLY SUPPORTED ONE WAY SLAB
Draw the reinforcement details of a simply supported one way slab with the following
specifications.
Details of simply supported one way slab

Clear span (shorter) 2.8m
Clear span (longer) 6.0m
Bearings on all sides 230mm
Over all depth of the slab 130mm
Steel
1) Main steel #10 at 170mm c/c, all bars are cranked on
one side alternatively, at a distance of
280mm from the face of the support
2) Distribution steel #8 at 200mm c/c
3) Hanger bars 3 # 8 on each side (to support cranked bars)
Covers
1) Bottom clear cover 20mm
2) Top clear cover 20mm
3) Side covers 25mm
Materials
1) Concrete M 20 grade concrete
2) Steel Fe415
Draw the following:
1) Bottom plan of the reinforcement.

2) Cross section along the short span.
3) Cross section along the longer span.
Solution:
1) Length of main bar(cranked on one side) #10

L = clear span + 2 X bearings – 2 X end cover + one crank allowance
L = 2800 + 2 X 230 – 2 X 25 + 0.414(130 - 2 X 20-10)
L = 3243mm or 3.243m
Total length of the slab in longer direction excluding end cover
No. of bars = +1
Spacing of bars
6000+2 X 230−2 X 25
= +1
170
= 38.7 say 39 no’s
2) Length of distribution bars(#8)
L = Total length of slab in the longer span excluding end covers
L = 6000 + 2 X 230 – 2 X 25
L = 6410mm or 6.41m
Total length of the slab in shorter direction excluding end cover
No. of bars = +1
spacing of bars
= 17.05 say 17 no’s
3) Hanger bars to support cranked main bars ( # 8, 3 no’s on either side)
Length of hanger bar = length of distributors = 6410mm = 6.41m
No. of bars = 3+ 3
=6
SIMPLY SUPPORTED TWO WAY SLAB
Draw the reinforcement details of a simply supported two way slab with the following
specifications.
Details of simply supported two way slab

Size of room 4.8X6.2m
Edge conditions Simply supported, corners held down
Bearing on walls 300mm
Reinforcement:
Along shorter span
1) In middle strip 12mm diameter at 180mm c/c
2) In edge strip 12mm diameter at 300mm c/c
(Alternate bars are cranked at a distance of
480mm from the face of the support)
Along longer span
1) In middle strip 12mm diameter at 220mm c/c
2) In edge strip 12mm diameter at 300mm c/c
(Alternate bars are cranked at a distance of
620mm from the face of the support)
Torsion reinforcement In the form of mesh 990X990mm in four
layers with 8mm diameter. Bars 10 no’s in
each layer at all the four corners.
Covers:
3) Side cover 25mm
Materials:
1) Concrete M20 grade
2) Steel Fe415
Draw the following:
1) Bottom plan of the reinforcement.

2) Cross section along the short span.
3) Cross section along the longer span.
4) Top plan of the reinforcement.
Solution:
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF CANTILEVER BEAM
Ex No. 1(a)
Aim:
To draw the reinforcement detailing (longitudinal section and cross section) of cantilever
beam.
Software used:
Autocad, MS Excel
Specifications:
1. Supports: A beam is supported by fixed at one end and free at other end.
Length of beam depends on distance between two columns and depth of the beam
depending upon span/effective depth ratio.
2. Geometry of beam: Rectangular type of cantilever beam the dimension of beam is
300(Width) x 450 mm (Depth). The length of beam is taken as clear span is 3.5m.
3. Concrete: Here, M20 grade of concrete is used.
4. Reinforcement details: Grade of steel used Fe415.
Minimum reinforcement-The minimum area of tension reinforcement shall be not less than
𝐴𝑠 0.85
=
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦
Maximum reinforcement: The maximum area of tension reinforcement shall not
Exceed 0.04 b D.
Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement: The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement
measured along the axis of the member shall not exceed 0.75 d for vertical stirrups and d for
inclined stirrups at 450 where d is the effective depth of the section under consideration. in no
case shall the spacing exceed 300mm.
Tension reinforcement: Tension reinforcement is provided at top of beam to take
tensile stresses due to bending. With reference of geometry of beam, design of tension
reinforcement is 5 No., 20 mm diameter
Hanger Bars: hanger bars are used at bottom of beam to hang main rod and stirrups.
Here, 12mm diameter, 2Nos. are used.
Shear reinforcement: Stirrups are used as shear reinforcement to take shear force on
beam. With reference of geometry, stirrups are designed as 8mm diameter, 2 legged
vertical stirrups @ 250 mm c/c
5. Cover: Clear cover is used to concrete to protect the reinforcement from corrosion.
The minimum clear cover of beam is 25 mm and clear cover also follow as per IS456-
2000 Code provision for durability point of view.
Commands used:
Limits, Units, line, Polyline, Offset, Array, Trim, Extent, Rectangle, Hatch, Explode, Copy, Move,
Dimension, Text, Edit, Undo, Rotate, Scale, Match, Property and Zoom.
Details of cantilever beam (singly reinforced)
concrete M20 grade
Steel Fe415
Reinforcement:
1. Bars in tension 5#20

Covers:
Solution:

L = l + 16d
Where
l = clear span + end bearings – 2 X end cover
l = 3500 + 200 – 2 X 25
l = 3650mm or 3.65m
L = l + 16d
L = 3650 + 16 X 16
L = 3906mm or 3.906m
No of bars = 3
Since there is no negative moment in a cantilever beam cranking is not necessary.

L = l + 16d
Where
l = clear span + end bearings – 2 X end cover
l = 3500 + 200 – 2 X 25
L = l + 16d
L = 3.906 + 16 X 12
L = 3842mm or 3.842m
No of bars = 2

L = 2 X (a + b) + 2 X 12d
Where,
a = 300-2 X 25
a = 250mm or 0.25m
b = 550 – 2 X 25
b = 500mm or 0.50m
L = 2 X (0.25+0.50) + 2 X 12 X 0.08
L = 1692mm or 1.692m
clear span + end bearing – 2 X end cover
+1
3500+200−2 𝑋 25
= 250
+1
= 12.77 = 13no’s
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF SINGLY REINFORCED SIMPLY
SUPPORTED BEAM
Ex No. 1(b)
Aim:
To draw the reinforcement detailing (longitudinal section and cross section) of singly
reinforced beam with simply supported end conditions.
Software used:
Autocad
Specifications:
1. Supports: A beam is supported by pinned or roller support conditions. The beam may
rest on wall or column. The thickness of wall is taken as 200 mm and it react as width
of support.
2. Geometry of beam: Rectangular type of simply supported are taken. The dimension
of beam is 300(Width) x 450 mm (Depth). The length of beam is taken as clear span
is 3.5m.
3. Concrete: Here, M20 grade of concrete is used..
4. Reinforcement details: Grade of steel used Fe415.
Minimum reinforcement-The minimum area of tension reinforcement shall be not less than
𝐴𝑠 0.85
=
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦
Maximum reinforcement: The maximum area of tension reinforcement shall not
Exceed 0.04 b D.
Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement: The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement
measured along the axis of the member shall not exceed 0.75 d for vertical stirrups and d for
inclined stirrups at 450 where d is the effective depth of the section under consideration. in no
case shall the spacing exceed 300mm.
Tension reinforcement: Tension reinforcement is provided at bottom of beam to take

reinforcement is 5 No., 20 mm diameter with 2 bars are cranked ate 45 0 at a distance
of 400 mm from the face of support are used.
Hanger Bars: hanger bars are used at top of beam to hang main rod and stirrups. Here,
12mm diameter, 2Nos. are used.
Commands used:
Details of simply supported beam (singly reinforced)

concrete M20 grade
Steel Fe415
Reinforcement:
4. Bars in tension 5#20, out of which 2 bars are cranked at 450
support
Covers:
Calculation:

L = l + 2 X 9d
Where
l = 3500 + 2 X 200 – 2 X 40
l = 3820mm or 3.82m
L = l + 2 X 9d
L = 3.82 + 2 X 9 X 0.02
L = 4.18 m
No of bars = 3

L = l + 2 X 9d + 2 X 0.42D
Where
l = 3500 + 2 X 200 – 2 X 40
l = 3820mm or 3.82m
D = 450 – 40 – 40 – 20
D = 350mm or 0.35m
L = l + 2 X 9d + 2 X 0.42D
L = 3.82 X 2 X 9 X 0.02 + 2 X 0.42 X 0.35
L = 4.4m

L = l + 2 X 9d
Where
l = 3500 + 2 X 200 – 2 X 40
l = 3820mm or 3.82m
L = l + 2 X 9d
L = 3.82 + 2 X 9 X 0.02
L = 4.18 m
No of bars = 2

L = 2 X (a + b) + 2 X 12d
Where,
a = 300-2 X 40
a = 220mm or 0.22m
b = 450 – 2 X 40
b = 370mm or 0.37m
L = 2 X (0.22+1.37) + 2 X 12 X 0.08
L = 1.37m

3500+2 𝑋 200−2 𝑋 40
= 250
= 1628mm = 17no’s
Procedure:
1. Unit is set as per requirements.

2. Drawing area is created as per the required dimensions of the sketch using limit
command.
3. OSNAP, ORTHO, POLAR buttons are switched on whichever is necessary.
4. Using EDIT and DRAW commands, the outer line of the sketch is drawn.
5. Required line type and line weight can be used to draw the sketch as per the required
dimensions.
6. Draw the longitudinal and cross section of simply supported beam with reinforcement.
7. Text command is used to label the various parts of the sketch.
8. Dimension command is used for dimensioning the various parts of the sketch.
9. Drawing is converted to suitable scale and soft copy can be taken as print out as per the
size requirements.
Result:
Thus the reinforcement detailing (longitudinal section and cross section) of singly
reinforced beam with simply supported end conditions is drawn as per the dimensions using
AutoCAD.
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF DOUBLY REINFORCED SIMPLY
SUPPORTED BEAM
Ex No. 1(c)
Aim:
To draw the reinforcement detailing (longitudinal section and cross section) of doubly
reinforced beam with simply supported end conditions.
Software used:
Autocad, MS Excel
Specifications:
of support.
is 3.5m.
3. Concrete: Here, M20 grade of concrete is used. M refer mix and 20 refer the
characteristic strength of concrete after 28 days curing, mentioned as N/mm2.
4. Reinforcement details:
reinforcement is 5 No., 20 mm diameter with 2 bars are cranked ate 450 at a distance
Commands used:
Details of simply supported beam (doubly reinforced)

concrete M20 grade
Steel Fe415
Reinforcement:
1) Bars in tension 5#20, out of which 2 bars are cranked at 450
support
2) Bars in compression 3#20
Stirrups #8,two legged stirrups at 250mm c/c
Covers:
3) Side clear cover 40mm
Solution:

L = l + 2 X 9d
Where
l = 3500 + 2 X 200 – 2 X 40
l = 3820mm or 3.82m
L = l + 2 X 9d
L = 3.82 + 2 X 9 X 0.02
L = 4.18 m
No of bars = 3
L = l + 2 X 9d + 2 X 0.42D
Where
l = 3500 + 2 X 200 – 2 X 40
l = 3820mm or 3.82m
D = 450 – 40 – 40 – 20
D = 350mm or 0.35m
L = l + 2 X 9d + 2 X 0.42D
L = 3.82 X 2 X 9 X 0.02 + 2 X 0.42 X 0.35
L = 4.4m

L = l + 2 X 9d
Where
l = 3500 + 2 X 200 – 2 X 40
l = 3820mm or 3.82m
L = l + 2 X 9d
L = 3.82 + 2 X 9 X 0.02
L = 4.18 m
No of bars = 2

L = 2 X (a + b) + 2 X 12d
Where,
a = 300-2 X 40
a = 220mm or 0.22m
b = 450 – 2 X 40
b = 370mm or 0.37m
L = 2 X (0.22+1.37) + 2 X 12 X 0.08
L = 1.37m
3500+2 𝑋 200−2 𝑋 40
= 250
+1
= 16no’s
Procedure:
10. Unit is set as per requirements.

11. Drawing area is created as per the required dimensions of the sketch using limit
command.
12. OSNAP, ORTHO, POLAR buttons are switched on whichever is necessary.
13. Using EDIT and DRAW commands, the outer line of the sketch is drawn.
14. Required line type and line weight can be used to draw the sketch as per the required
dimensions.
15. Draw the longitudinal and cross section of simply supported beam with reinforcement.
16. Text command is used to label the various parts of the sketch.
17. Dimension command is used for dimensioning the various parts of the sketch.
18. Drawing is converted to suitable scale and soft copy can be taken as print out as per the
size requirements.
Result:
Thus the reinforcement detailing (longitudinal section and cross section) of singly
reinforced beam with simply supported end conditions is drawn as per the dimensions using
AutoCAD.
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF CONTINUOUS BEAM
Ex No. 1(d)
Aim:
To draw the reinforcement detailing (longitudinal section and cross section) of continuous
beam with simply supported end conditions.
Software used:
Autocad, MS Excel
Specifications:
of support.
is 3.5m.
4. Reinforcement details:
reinforcement is 5 No., 20 mm diameter with 2 bars are cranked ate 45 0 at a distance
Commands used:
Details of Continuous beam (doubly reinforced)

Thickness of slab 150mm
c/c spacing 3m
Distribution reinforcement of slab 8 @ 150mm
Main reinforcement 10 @ 280mm
Beam top reinforcement (beam mid section) 2 @ 16 dia
Beam bottom reinforcement (beam mid 4 @ 28 dia
section)
Beam beginning and ending (top) 2 @ 16dia ,2 @ 28 dia
Beam beginning and ending (bottom) 2 @ 28 dia
Shear reinforcement for two legged stirrups
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF SQUARE ISOLATED FOOTING
Ex No. 3(a)
Aim:
To draw the reinforcement detailing (Plan, Section X-X and Section Y-Y) of isolated square
footing
Software used:
Autocad
Specifications:
Types of Foundations - The following are types of reinforced concrete foundations, the
particular type being chosen depending on the magnitude and disposition of the structural
loads, and the bearing capacity of the ground.
Individual Column Footing – Generally square in plan but sometimes rectangular or circular.
Combined Footing - Combined footing is a common footing to two or more columns in a
line. The placing of reinforcement depends on the shape of the bending moment and shear
force diagrams considering the soil pressure and the column loads on the footing.
Strip Footings - Under columns or walls.
Raft Foundation - Covering the whole plan area of structure, detailing being similar to 2-way
reinforced solid floor slabs or flat slabs.
Pile Foundations - This includes detailing of pile cap and pile portion.
Cover - The minimum thickness of cover to main reinforcement shall not be less than 50 mm
For surfaces in contact with earth face and not less than 40 mm for external exposed face. In
case of raft foundation, whether resting directly on soil or on lean concrete, the cover for the
reinforcement shall not be less than 75 mm.
Minimum Reinforcement and Bar Diameter

The diameter of main reinforcing bars should be not less than 10 mm.
Vertical reinforcement or dowels - Extended vertical reinforcement or dowels of at least 0.5

percent of the cross-sectional area of the supported column or pedestal with a minimum of 4
bars of 12 mm diameter shall be provided. Where dowels are used, their diameter shall not
exceed the diameter of column bars by more than 3 mm. Column bars of diameter larger than
36 mm in compression can be dowelled at the footings with bars of smaller size of the
necessary area. The dowel shall extend into the column a distance equal to the development
length of the column bar, and into the footing a distance equal to the development length of
the dowel.
Ldt = Effective development, lenth considering tension
Ldc= Effective development length considering compression
Commands used:
Details of square footing

Size of the column 400 X 400mm
Size of footing 2200 X 2200mm
Thickness of footing 450mm
Base coarse thickness 150mm with P.C.C, 1:2:4
Reinforcement:
1) For footing: 12mm diameter bars at 160mm c/c in both
directions with a clear cover of 50mm.
The horizontal lap length of the column
reinforcing bar is 500 mm each.
2) For column:
a) Main bars: 16mm diameter bars, 4 no’s.
b) Lateral ties: 6mm diameter ties at 220mm c/c.
Covers: All the covers are 50mm.
Materials used:
1) Concrete M 20 grade of concrete.
2) Steel Fe – 415 steel.
Solution:
1) Length of each bar in the footing ( # 12 )
L = Width of footing excluding end cover
L = 2200 – 2 X 50
L = 2100 mm.
𝑊idth of footing excluding end cover

No of bars = 2 X +1
spacing of bars
2200−2 X 50
=2X +1
160
= 30 no’s (15 no’s in each direction)
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED ONE WAY SLAB
Ex No. 4(a)
Aim:
To draw the reinforcement detailing (bottom plan reinforcement, cross section along the
shorter span and longer span) of continuous beam with simply supported end conditions.
Software used:
Autocad, MS Excel
Specifications:
1. Supports: A slab is supported on beam and column. The beam may rest on wall or
column. The thickness of wall is taken as 200 mm and it react as width of support.
2. Geometry of slab: Square and Rectangular type of simply supported are taken. The
dimension of longer span of beam is 6.0m and shorter span is 2.8m and depth of slab
is 130mm.
4. Reinforcement details: Fe -415 steel
Main reinforcement: Main reinforcement in the shorter direction is placed in the
bottom layers. With reference of geometry of beam, design of main reinforcement is
provided with alternate cranking, 10 mm diameter bars are cranked at 450 at a
distance of 280 mm from the face of support.
5. Distribution bars: The distribution bars shall be placed above the main reinforcement.
Commands used:
Details of simply supported one way slab

Clear span (shorter) 2.8m
Clear span (longer) 6.0m
Bearings on all sides 230mm
Steel
1) Main steel #10 at 170mm c/c, all bars are cranked on
one side alternatively, at a distance of
280mm from the face of the support
2) Distribution steel #8 at 200mm c/c
3) Hanger bars 3 # 8 on each side (to support cranked bars)
Covers
3) Side covers 25mm
Materials
1) Concrete M 20 grade concrete
2) Steel Fe415
Solution:
1) Length of main bar(cranked on one side) #10

L = clear span + 2 X bearings – 2 X end cover + one crank allowance
L = 2800 + 2 X 230 – 2 X 25 + 0.414(130 - 2 X 20-10)
L = 3243mm or 3.243m
Total length of the slab in longer direction excluding end cover

No. of bars = +1
Spacing of bars
6000+2 X 230−2 X 25
= +1
170
= 38.7 say 39 no’s
2) Length of distribution bars(#8)
L = Total length of slab in the longer span excluding end covers
L = 6000 + 2 X 230 – 2 X 25
L = 6410mm or 6.41m
Total length of the slab in shorter direction excluding end cover

No. of bars = +1
spacing of bars
= 17.05 say 17 no’s
3) Hanger bars to support cranked main bars ( # 8, 3 no’s on either side)
Length of hanger bar = length of distributors = 6410mm = 6.41m
No. of bars = 3+ 3
=6
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF DOGLEGGED STAIR CASE
Ex No. 4(c)
Aim:
To draw the reinforcement detailing (Longitudinal section & Plan) of doglegged stair case
Software used:
Autocad
Specifications:
1) The width of stair depends upon type of building in which it is provided. Generally
1m is taken for residential building and up to 2 m for public building.
2) Width of landings should be at least equal to the width of stairs.
3) Each step has on tread and one rise. The rise may vary from 150mm to 200mm. The
tread is in between 250mm to 300mm.
4) The slope or pitch of the stair should be in between 25 0 to 400.
Commands used:
Details of doglegged stair case

Size of the stair case room 2500 X 4000mm
Height of the floor 3600mm
Tread (T) 270mm
Rise (R) 150mm
Thickness of waist slab 200mm
Bearing in the wall 200mm
Thickness of wall 300mm
Projection in to the basement 300mm X 300 mm
Width of the stair case 1200mm
Reinforcement:
1) Main bars 12mm dia bars at 160mm c/c. alternate bars
are cranked at L/7 from the bottom end.
2) Distribution bars 8mm dia bars at 170mm c/c.
3) Additional bars Additional bars of 12mm dia at 140mm c/c

at the junction of landing slab with the waist
slab. project these bars through a distance of
1000mm from the junction point
downwards to the waist slab.
Covers:
2) All the remaining covers 25mm
Materials used :
1) Concrete M 20 grade of concrete
2) Steel Fe – 415 steel
Solution:
1) Length of Main bar nearer to the bottom edge ( # 12 )
L = 4380mm or 4.38m
Width of stair case excluding end cover

No of bars = +1
spacing of bars
1200−2 X 25
= 160 X 2
+1
= 4.6 Say 5 no’s
2) Length of cranked main bar (# 12 )

L = length of straight bar + crank allowance
L = 4380 + 0.42 (200 - 2 X 20 -12)
L = 4442mm or 4.42m
No. of bars = 5-1 = 4
3) Additional bars (# 12 )
=1000 + 730 + 200 – 25
= 1905mm or 1.905m
Width of stair case excluding end cover
No of bars = +1
spacing of bars
1200−2 X 25
= 160
+1
= 8.2 say 9 no’s.
4) Distribution bars (# 10)

= Width of stair excluding end cover
= 1200 – 2 X 25
= 1150mm or 1.15m
No of bars = 38
Drawing of steel bolted connection
Ex No. 5(a)
Aim:
To draw the steel bolted connection (Lap joint and butt joint) longitudinal and cross section.
Software used:
Autocad, MS Excel
Specifications:
Bearing failure:
A bolt bearing on any plate subjected to a factored shear force (Vsb) shall satisfy
Vsb < Vnpb / γmb

Where, γmb = 1.25
Vnpb = bearing strength of a bolt, calculated as
Vnpb = 2.5 d t fu
Where
fu = smaller of the ultimate tensile stress of the bolt and the ultimate tensile stress of the plate
d = nominal diameter of the bolt
t = summation of the thicknesses of the connected plates experiencing bearing stress in the
same direction.
No of bolts:
total load acting on the joint
No of bolts = 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡
Efficiency of connection:
Strength of plate
Efficiency of joint = 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
Commands used:
Example :
Design a lap joint to connect two plates each of width 100 mm, if the thickness of one plate is 12 mm
and the other is 10 mm. The joint has to transfer a working load of 100 kN. The plates are of fe 410
grade. Use bearing type of bolts and draw connection details.
= 188928N =188.928N >150kN
Example 2
Design a single bolted double cover butt joint to connect boiler plates of thickness 16 mm for
maximum efficiency. Use M 20 bolts of grade 4.6. Boiler plates are of Fe 410 grade. Draw the
connection details.
Solution: d = 20 mm
do = 22 mm
fub = 400 N/mm2
fu = 410 N/mm2
t = 16 mm.
Since it is double cover but joint, the bolts are in double shear, one section at shank and another at
root of thread are resisting shear.
Nominal strength of bolt in shear:
Design strength
Assuming bearing strength is more than this, to get maximum efficiency, strength of plate per
pitch width is equated to Vdsb. To avoid failure of the cover plates, the total thickness of the
cover plates should be more than the thickness of the main plate. Provide cover plates of 12 mm
thickness
Design strength of plate per pitch width.

Drawing of steel Welded connection
Ex No. 5(b)
Aim:
To draw the steel welded connection (Lap joint and butt joint) longitudinal and cross section.
Software used:
Autocad, MS Excel
Specifications:
Butt Weld size: The size of a butt weld shall be specified by the effective throat thickness.
Effective throat thickness:
The effective throat thickness of a complete penetration butt weld shall be taken as the thickness
of the thinner part joined.
Effective length:
The effective length of a butt weld shall be taken al the length of the continuous full size weld
except in the following two eases, when the full width of the joint or piece shall be taken as
effective length
a) The ends of the butt welds are extended past the edges of the part, joined by the use of fun-on
and fun-off plates with a similar joint preparation and of a reasonable thickness not less than
the thickness of the parts joined and of length not less than 40 mm ( see Fig. I). If run-on and
run-off plates are removed after completion of the weld, the ends of the weld shall be smooth
and flush with the edges of the abutting parts.
b) The parent metal is not more than 20 mm thick, the end shall be chipped Of cut back to solid
metal and welds applied having a width not less than Ij times the I JI t opening between the
parts joined to fill out the ends of the same reinforcement as the faces of the weld
b
Intermittent Butt Welds:
Intermittent butt welds should be used to resist shear only, and the effective length of such weld
should not be less than four times the longitudinal space between the effective length of neither welds
nor more than 16 times thinner part joined.
Fillet Welds:
Size:- The size of a normal fillet shall be taken as the minimum leg length .For deep penetration
welds, where the depth of penetration beyond the root run is 2·4 mm (Min), the size of the fillet
should be taken as the minimum leg length + 2.4 mm.
Minimum length: The effective length of a fillet weld designed to transmit loading shall not be less
than four times the size of the weld.
Effective length: The effective length of a fillet weld shall be taken as that length only which is of the
specified size and required throat thickness. In practice the actual length of weld is made of the
effective length shown on the drawing +twice the weld size.
Effective throat thickness: The effective thickness of a fillet weld shall not be less than 3 mm
and shall generally not exceed 0·7, and 1·0t under special circumstances, where t is the thickness
of the thinner part.
1. Find the size and length of the fillet weld for the lap joint to transmit a factored load of 120
kN as shown in Fig. 41. Assume site welds, Fe 410 grade steel and E41 electrode. Assume
width of plate as 75 mm and thickness as 8 mm.
Fig. 41 Lap joint connection
Solution
Minimum size of weld for 8 mm thick section = 3 mm (Table 5, Cl. 10.5.2.3)
Maximum size of weld = 8 – 1.5 = 6.5 mm (Cl. 10.5.8.1)
Choose the size of weld, a = 6 mm
Effective throat thickness = te = 0.70 a = 4.2 mm
Strength of 6 mm weld / mm length = 4.2 x 410 / (√3 x 1.5) Cl. 10.5.7.1.1
= 662.7 N/mm
Assuming only two longitudinal welds along the sides
3
Required length of weld = 120 x 10 /662.7 = 181 mm
Length to be provided on each side = 181/2 = 90.5 mm
> 75 mm (width of plate) Hence,

provide 90.5 mm weld on each side with an end return of 2x 6 = 12 mm Overall
length of the weld provided = 2 x (90.5 + 2 x 6) = 205 mm

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A LAB MANUAL on CAD LAB -II

CIVIL 3rd YEAR

3 Detailing of reinforcement in RC isolated footings square, rectangular, circular and

5 Drawing of Steel bolted and welded connections

8 Drafting of steel plate girder

9 Drafting of steel roof truss

In engineering, beams are of several types:

Types of Reinforcement in Beams

Reinforcement Cover in Beam

Standard hooks and bends

REINFORCEMENT DETAILING OF CONTINUOUS BEAM (doubly reinforced)

Details of Continuous beam (doubly reinforced)

Details of Continuous beam (singly reinforced)

DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENT IN RC DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE (spanning

Details of simply supported beam (singly reinforced)

Draw the following Views:

1) Length of main bar (#20)

l = clear span + 2 X end bearings – 2 X end cover

2) Length of Bent up bars or cranked bars (#20)

4) Length of stirrup (#8)

a = Length of beam - 2 X end cover

Details of simply supported one way slab

Draw the following:

1) Bottom plan of the reinforcement.

1) Length of main bar(cranked on one side) #10

L = 2800 + 2 X 230 – 2 X 25 + 0.414(130 - 2 X 20-10)

= 38.7 say 39 no’s

2) Length of distribution bars(#8)

L = Total length of slab in the longer span excluding end covers

= 17.05 say 17 no’s

3) Hanger bars to support cranked main bars ( # 8, 3 no’s on either side)

Length of hanger bar = length of distributors = 6410mm = 6.41m

Details of simply supported two way slab

Draw the following:

1) Bottom plan of the reinforcement.

2. Hanger/ Anchor bars 2#12

1) Length of main bar (#20)

l = clear span + end bearings – 2 X end cover

Since there is no negative moment in a cantilever beam cranking is not necessary.

2) Length of Anchor or Hanger bars (#12)

l = clear span + end bearings – 2 X end cover

3) Length of stirrup (#8)

a = Length of beam - 2 X end cover

b = Breadth or width of beam – 2 X top and bottom clear cover

Tension reinforcement: Tension reinforcement is provided at bottom of beam to take

Details of simply supported beam (singly reinforced)

1) Length of main bar (#20)

l = clear span + 2 X end bearings – 2 X end cover

2) Length of Bent up bars or cranked bars (#20)

l = clear span + 2 X end bearings – 2 X end cover

L = 3.82 X 2 X 9 X 0.02 + 2 X 0.42 X 0.35

3) Length of Anchor or Hanger bars (#12)

l = clear span + 2 X end bearings – 2 X end cover

4) Length of stirrup (#8)

a = Length of beam - 2 X end cover

b = Breadth or width of beam – 2 X top and bottom clear cover

clear span + 2 X end bearing – 2 X end cover

1. Unit is set as per requirements.

Details of simply supported beam (doubly reinforced)

1) Length of main bar (#20)

l = clear span + 2 X end bearings – 2 X end cover

2) Length of Bent up bars or cranked bars (#20)

l = clear span + 2 X end bearings – 2 X end cover