2013

SAFETY MANUAL
PROJECT HSE PLAN
A RESEARCH BY YAWAR HASSAN KHAN

YAWAR HASSAN KHAN

ACL
1/1/2013

HSE POLICY
STATEMENT
We are committed towards protecting the
health and safety of all people working at or
visiting our site
• We plan, manage, conduct and supervise all
our work in compliance with legislation and
best practice
• We want to ensure that all workers have a
clear understanding of their responsibilities
along with that of the company
BASIC RULES FOR SAFETY
Tidy up construction sites
■ Keep passages clear all the time.
■ Sort out materials and pile them up safely.
The stacks should not be
too high.
■ Beware of floor openings and ensure that
they are fenced or covered.
■ Remove refuse as soon as possible.
■ Provide sufficient lighting.
■ Familiarize with the location and the
operation of fire-fighting equipment.
Safety measures
■ Before you operate a machine, ensure that
the dangerous part of the
machine has been installed with a guard.
■ Avoid going to any area with insufficient
lighting as there may be some
dangerous places which have not been provided
with fencing.
■ Keep vigilant all the time and watch out for
moving cranes, hooks or
other lifting equipment.
■ Before you use any electrical installation or
tool, check the condition of
its electric cables.
■ Avoid dragging electric cables on the ground
or allowing the cables to
come into contact with water.
■ Use electrical tools installed with an earth
leakage circuit breaker.
■ Use and handle chemicals with care.
Personal Safety
■ Wear protective equipment.
■ Do not drink or take drugs while working.
■ Pay attention to personal hygiene.
■ Do not play in the workplace.
■ Report to your supervisor immediately if you
notice any unsafe condition.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO ACCIDENTS
Tidy up construction sites
■ Keep passages clear all the time.
■ Sort out materials and pile them up safely.
The stacks should not be
too high.
■ Beware of floor openings and ensure that they
are fenced or covered.
■ Remove refuse as soon as possible.
■ Provide sufficient lighting.
■ Familiarize with the location and the
operation of fire-fighting equipment.
When someone is found seriously injured, you
should:
■ Keep calm.
■ Seek help immediately.
■ Accompany the injured person.
■ Assist in the immediate rescue work as far as
possible.
■ Call the site safety staff.
■ Do not try to move the injured person unless it
is really necessary
to do so.
■ Do not tamper with the accident scene while
waiting for the arrival
of the investigation team.
When a fire breaks out, you should remember:
■ Put out the fire with a fire extinguisher if it is a
small fire.
■ If the blaze is out of control, do not try to
extinguish the fire on your
own. Call the Fire Services Department right
away.
Emergency telephone numbers:
■ Always pay attention to the emergency
telephone numbers posted
on the notice board in the site office
FALSE WORK , SCAFFOLDING , FENCE WORK
AND LADDER
FALSEWORK
If you are engaged in falsework
operation, you should:
■ Check whether the falsework is
erected in accordance with the
design.
■ Make sure that the falsework is
securely erected.
■ Check whether the struts of the
falsework are secure.
■ Ensure that the props are erected
vertically and arranged at a
suitable distance in a row.
■ Report to your supervisor when
any unsafe situation is found.
 fencing or the fencing has been

SCAFFOLD damaged, reinstall or repair the

■ Do not use scaffolds unless they have fencing. If this is beyond your

been erected by trained workmen and under capability, inform your

the supervision of a competent person. supervisor at once.

■ Do not use a scaffold unless it has

been inspected and certified safe by Ladder

a competent person before use. ■ Use a ladder which is of good construction,

■ Strictly follow the instructions of a sound material and adequate strength.

competent person. Do not alter the ■ Examine the ladder before using it

scaffold unless authorized to do so. and inspect it at regular intervals.

Do not work on an unfinished scaffold. ■ Place the ladder on a level and

■ When it is necessary to work on a mobile firm footing.

scaffold, lock the wheels of the scaffold ■ Place the ladder at an appropriate

before you start working. angle.

■ Do not work on a scaffold unless it has been ■ Ensure that the ladder has a

provided with a suitable working platform. sufficient length. The upper end

of the ladder should be at least

FENCING 1 metre above the landing against

■ Do not work in a dangerous place which the ladder leans.

unless its floor edges and ■ Do not use a ladder unless its

openings have been installed with upper or lower end has been

secure fencing. securely fixed or secured by

■ If you notice any dangerous places another worker.

that have not been installed with ■ If there are electrical installations
nearby, do not use metal ladders. of the manufacturer of a lifting appliance.

■ If work is carried out 2 metres or ■ Do not work beneath any suspended load.

more above the floor, use a suitable

working platform Material Hoist

■ Do not ride on a material hoist.

Equipment and Electricity ■ Do not operate a material hoist without prior

proper

Lifting Appliance and Gear
■ Do not operate a lifting appliance unless
trained. In the case of a crane,
a certificate is required.
■ Before using lifting gear such as hook, shackle
or chain sling,
check whether there is any wear and tear.
■ Check the weight of the load to be lifted.
■ Do not exceed the safe working load of
training.
■ Do not exceed the safe working load of a
material hoist.
■ Do not use a material hoist unless it has been
examined
and certified safe by a competent examiner.
■ Do not use a material hoist unless its gates
have been
installed with an effective interlocking safety
system.

a lifting appliance or lifting gear. The hoist is only operable after all the gates
have been
■ Adopt the correct lifting method.
closed.
■ Do not use a lifting appliance or lifting gear
■ Do not use a material hoist unless it has been
unless it has been examined and certified repaired

safe by a competent examiner. and maintained by a competent person. No

unauthorized
■ Do not use a lifting appliance unless it
repair is allowed.
has been regularly repaired and
■ Do not put loose materials into receptacles
maintained by a competent person.
unless properly
No unauthorized repair is allowed.
secured.
■ Follow the safe working instructions
■ Ensure good communication with the
operator of a material
hoist. All signals should be understood and
followed.
Loadshifting Machinery
■ Unless you are a worker concerned,
do not work in an area where a loader,
an excavator, etc. is in operation.
■ Do not operate any loadshifting
machinery without training and
approval.
■ Operators of forklift trucks,
bulldozers, loaders, excavators,
trucks or lorries should possess
appropriate certificates.
Cartridge-operated Fixing Tool
■ Do not operate a cartridgeoperated fixing tool
unless you have
possessed a valid certificate.
■ Wear suitable eye and ear
protectors while operating a
cartridge-operated fixing tool.
■ Use a cartridge-operated fixing tool
with great care.
Portable Power Tool
■ Do not use a portable power tool
(such as saw, grinder and drill)
unless its dangerous parts have
been effectively guarded.
■ Place the electric cable and
hose of a tool at an appropriate
position to avoid tripping
Compressed Air
■ Use compressed air only for specified
purposes.
■ Do not use any compressed air
equipment, pipes and relevant devices
unless they are of good construction and
have been examined and certified safe
by a competent examiner before use.
■ Fix the connectors properly.
■ Do not twist the pipes.
■ Do not abuse the use of compressed air
for cleaning purpose. Use a brush or a
vacuum cleaner to remove dust from
clothing and skin.
Electric Tool
■ Before using an electric tool, check the working in it.

tool and its plug and connecting cable.

■ Do not use a damaged tool. Gas Welding and Flame Cutting

■ Do not use an electric tool unless ■ Do not use the equipment for gas welding

its connecting cable is well or flame cutting unless you have attained

protected. the age of 18 years and hold a valid certificate.

■ Do not use an electric tool unless ■ Do not use any gas cylinder unless it

its metal casing is earthed and its has been fitted with flashback arrestors.

power supply is provided with ■ Wear personal protective equipment.

an earth leakage circuit breaker. ■ Keep the workplace clean.

■ Do not repair or alter any electrical ■ Place fire extinguishers

installation unless competent to do so. within reach.

■ If you meet any fault or problem, report ■ Keep gas cylinders in an

it to your supervisor immediately. upright position and secure

it properly to avoid overturning.

Excavations ■ If gas leakage is detected,

■ Keep the fence on all sides of report it to your supervisor

an excavation intact. immediately.

■ Use safe access for ingress Fire Risk

and egress. There is always a fire risk. However,

■ Do not pile soil or any other the chances of fire can be reduced,

materials at the edge of an and you will know what to do when

excavation. a fire breaks out if you:

■ Make sure that a trench is ■ Always keep the workplace clean

securely shored before and tidy.

■ Handle machinery and tools that ■ Dispose all wastes, and unwanted

may generate sparks or heat materials must be disposed of at

carefully. a designated place.

■ Do not smoke or use naked ■ Notify your supervisor of the

flames in any area where requirement for the separate

flammable and explosive disposal of chemical or

substances are stored. inflammable wastes.

■ Know where fire extinguishers are ■ Do not leave planks with nails

located and how they are used. on passageways.

■ Know the place of assembly for

fire evacuation Safety Supervisors

■ Their responsibility is to assist

Public Safety others to work smoothly

■ Pay attention to public safety. and safely.

Members of the public are often ■ They have received specific

unaware of or do not understand safety training and are

the work carried out on important members of the

construction sites and the risks construction team.

involved. ■ They have legal responsibility

■ Take great care to prevent the fall or liability for the overall safety

of materials from height. of the construction site.

■ Do not stack materials on floor ■ You should get to know your

edges or on scaffolds safety supervisor.

Waste Disposal Eye Protection

■ A wise worker will certainly take
good care of his eyesight.
■ A small fragment may cause
serious consequences if it
enters one's eyes.
■ When there is a risk of eye
injury, such as in concrete
breaking or using abrasive
wheels, you should wear
suitable eye protectors.
■ Take proper care of the eye
protectors provided to you.
■ Replace damaged or defective
eye protectors immediately.
■ Ensure that eye protectors are comfortable to
wear, and keep clean.
■ Use eye protectors for eye protection ─ do not
put it on your head
or hang it on your neck.
■ Bear in mind that eye protectors are
replaceable, but not your eyes.
Noise
■ Wear ear protectors in areas
with high noise levels.
■ Properly wear ear protectors
according to the manufacturer's
instructions.
■ Do not reuse disposable ear
plugs.
■ Clean ear protectors regularly
Personal Protective Equipment
■ For your own safety and interest, use the
personal
protective equipment provided by your
employer.
■ Wear gloves when handling or contacting
chemicals.
■ Remember to wear a mask when working
in a dusty environment.
■ Wear eye and ear protectors whenever
necessary.
■ Wear a safety harness and secure it to
a safe anchorage point when working at
height. A bamboo scaffold is not a safe
anchorage point, so do not fasten the
safety harness to it.
■ Wear safety shoes to prevent foot injury.
■ Consult your supervisor if in doubt.
Safety Helmet
■ Wear a safety helmet on a
construction site. and wear safety boots or shoes

■ Keep the harness of the to prevent injury to toes by

helmet clean and make sure heavy falling objects.

that it fits well. ■ Seek assistance from someone

■ Do not drill any holes on the in lifting a load if necessary.

helmet or use it for pounding.

Personal Hygiene

First Aid ■ Keep yourself clean.

■ If you sustain an injury or ■ Wash hands before meals

feel not well while at work, and after using the toilet.

even if it is minor, go to ■ Dress tidily and in protective

the first aid room right away

for medical treatment and clothing.

notify your supervisor. Alcohol and Drugs

■ Put the case on record. ■ Do not drink alcohol, or take

drugs, while at work.

Manual Handling Operations ■ If you need to take drugs due

■ Avoid manual handling operations as far as to illness, report it to your

possible to minimize the risk of injury. supervisor.

■ Estimate the weight of the load.

■ Lift an object with a correct posture.

■ Wear suitable protective equipment.

Put on gloves as far as possible

to protect your hands from

any cut, scratch or puncture,

SAFETY MANUAL Of health and safety

PROJECT HSE PLAN Benefits of safety committee

EFFECTIVE SAFETY COMMITTEES Consultant

Purpose of safety committee Identify hazards

Help protects employee by providing knowledge protect employee and employer

of safety
Helps protect employee by providing a solution
to issues
Bring together labor and management for
health and safety
Help the employee give training to manager ,
supervision and workers for better hazard
identification and control and health and safety
performance
Communication between labor and
management
Duties of safety committee members
Receive concerns , reports and suggestions by
employees and give them to manager level and
give the management level response to
employees
Workplace inspection

Roles of safety committee Receiving training

Know the feelings and thinking of employee by Attending meetings

survey and interview Control measures and safety improvement
Analyze the behavior of employee by observing progress

Do safety inspections at workplace Monitoring

Do safety audits Hazard identification

Control measures and safety improvements communication

measure should be monitored Benfits of training the safety committee
Evaluate quality of safety culture in long terms Know their purpose of job
Develop and submit the written Know the role
recommendations
Know the function
Functions of safety committee
Know the responsibility
To have knowledge
Know the skills
Skills
Know the abilities
Abilities
Know the information on health and safety Causes of majority injuries

Hazard identification profit for company Inadequate supervision ,education ,

accountability , and resources
Competition leading
Hazardous conditions
Effective audit

Lower injury and illness rates Material

Three areas for effective safety committee Equipment
training
Environment
Safety committee operations
People
Hazard identification and control
system
Accident investigation procedures
System design and implementation
Hierarchy of controls
Objectives
Engineering controls
Policy
Administrative controls
Plan
Personal protective equipment
Procedures
Accident investigation procedures
Processes
Write data of accident
Budget
Know the surface and root causes
Report
Make the report
Rules
Suggest safety measures
Safety inspection

In safety inspection we give time to know for a

Causes of accident report failures thorough inspection to be conducted to know
Surface causes are uncovered but , root causes what is happening
are not uncovered Job hazard analysis
Hazardous conditions are uncovered Employee , managers together solve the
Unsafe work practices uncovered problems

Failure in safety management uncovered Problem solving techniques

Understand the problem Objectives and completion dates are set

Discuss causes Members trained

Target solutions

Sell solutions EFFECTIVE SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETINGS

Implement solutions How often do safety committees meet

5 wh analysis Some once a month and some more often

Who is getting hurt ? When committee meeting should be held

What actually caused the injury ?
When workers are getting hurt ?
Where workers are getting hurt ?
how workers are getting hurt ?
It’s most effective if the safety committee
conducts a meeting immediately after the
inspection
What happens in an effective safety committee
meeting

How to conduct a survey Discuss findings

Gather a team of trained employees Ensure identified hazards are reported to

responsible supervisors or managers
Determine who you are going to sample
Analyze findings and discuss their possible
Decide how will you conduct the survey ? rootcause

Tell everyone why you are going to conduct Make recommendations to improve safety
survey ? programs

Conduct the survey Purpose of safety committee meeting

Summarize result To bring management and labor together

Discuss the result with CEO Preparing for the meeting

Characteristics of an effective safety Chairperson preparation

committee
Recorder must be trained
Organized meeting
Prepare the agenda and keep it brief
Good communication
Prepare the meeting room
Roles and purposes are understood

Standard of behavior
Thank every one for coming Handle problem situations

Disagreement

Call the meeting to order conflict

Evaluate

Note attendence Meeting process and outcomes

Improve

Introduce visitors Meeting process

OSH TRAINING

Review ground rules SAFETY EDUCATION

We become educated in safety in many ways

including :
Review meeting minutes
personal experience

Formal classroom training

Review agenda topics
On the job training

Effective safety education must tell learners why

Discuss unfinished business it is important to use safe procedures and
practices

Review observations of conditions and Natural consequences

behaviors Natural consequences are those that naturally
occur as a result of what an employee or
organization does
Evaluate incident and accident report
System consequences

System consequences are those actions taken by

Receive safety committee status reports another person in response to an employee’s
choice and behaviours

Technical safety training

Conduct safety committee training / education
“How to “safety training is actually the most
common type of safety education
Conduct a safety inspection
General safety instruction
Is usually conducted using the lecture or Manager
discussion method
Marketer
Purpose of training program
Media specialist
To provide training professionals for effective
safety education Analyst

Criterea for accepted practices in safety , Program administrator

Health and environmental training Designer
Program development Strategies
Delivery evaluation Task analysis
Program management Theoretician
Suggested training plan core elements Transfer agent
Training facility Guidelines for instructor competency
Training director Certified person
Instructors Designated
Course materials Authorized
Students Competent
Ratios Qualified
Proficiency assessment Purpose of training evaluation
Course certificate To know the amount of learning achieved by
Record keeping training

Program quality control Whether an employee’s performance has

improved on the job as a result of training
Safety trainer perform many roles
RKSAI
Evaluator
Evaluate students :
Facilitator
Reaction
Counselor
Learning
Writer
Application
Instructors
result
Guidelines for evaluating training programs
How training program is managed
Quality of training processes
The result of training
Suggested program quality control criterea
training plan
Program management , training director , staff
and consultants’ training facilities and resources
Quality control and evaluation
Students
Institutional environment and administrative
support
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Top management commitment
You should know the benefits of your
commitment towards safety
You must develop programs , policies , plans
and procedures
Do commitment to safety because it saves lives ,
money and you stay out of trouble
Safety leadership increases company’s potential
Coercive ,controlling and caring are the three
leadership models out of which caring model is
the real commitment approach
You must have a vision and mission statement
There are two safety strategies: reactive and
pro active
In reactive strategy you react after the accident
has happened
In pro active strategy you make sure that no
accident should occur in workplace
Labor and management accountability
Employees should believe that they are going to
be held accountable for their decisions and
actions
Six elements of effective accountability system :
1.formal standard of performance
2.adequate resources and psychosocial support
3.a system of performance measurement
4.application of effective consequences
5.appropriate application of consequences
6.continous evaluation of accountability system
Points to remember:
The more Regularly you Recognize and Reward ,
the more Rarely you will have to Reprimand
Training , resources , enforcement , supervision
and leadership are 5 obligations of safety
Employee involvement
Employee is held accountable by the employer
for complying with the safety rules , reporting
workplace injuries immediately and reporting
hazards
Rewards are great but , recognition is better
Effective communications
It’s a responsibility to communicate effectively
It’s not what you say …it’s about how you say it
Hazard identification and control
Hazard is state of being leading to illness or
injury of a person
What can control hazards :
1. Eliminate and substitute hazards
2.Engineering controls
3.administrative controls
4.personal protective equipment
Material , people , environment ,system ,
equipment may be hazardous
Do a walk around inspection to see hazards
Employee may use his own procedure if not
directly supervised
Unsafe behaviors lead to 95% cause of accidents
Incident and accident investigation
Don’t go for blame but fix the system
You cant afford to relax or be content in safety
Incident causes property damage and accident
causes life damage too
You must know the plan and how to work the
plan
If accident occurs you must know :
1. background information 2.surface causes and
root causes
You have to make a report of accident in which
you write about findings , recommendations
and summary
Safety education and training
Be trained
We educate to show why
We train to show how
A simple seven step on the job training includes:
1.introduction 2.trainer shows and tells 3.
learner tells –trainer shows 4 . Learner shows
and tells 5 . Conclusion 6.documentation 7.
validate
Total quality safety management
Quality and safety are partners in productivity
TQM means to improve performance and
process by using coorporate resources
DEMING says about total quality safety
management that have a purpose for
improvement , adopt a new philosophy , cease
dependence on mass inspection , don’t go for
price tag- go for reducing total cost , improve
constantly , give training on job , drive out fear ,
break down barriers between departments ,
don’t pressurize workforce , give self
improvement education and act for
transformation
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
THE REQUIREMENT FOR PPE
To ensure the greatest possible protection for
employees in workplace
EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY
To wear and maintain PPE
 Chemical hazards

FACE AND EYE PROTECTION Radiological hazards

HEAD PROTECTION Mechanical hazards

WHAT SHOULD NOT BE WORN?

FOOT PROTECTION The PPE rules requires that rings , wristwatches ,

earnings , bracelets and other jewelery must not
be worn if it’s possible for it to come into
HAND PROTECTION contact with power driven machinery or electric
circuitry

HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CONTROL

BASIC EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITY

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
The employer should see that workers are
properly instructed and supervised in the safe
operation of any machinery tools , equipment ,
SHIELDS
process or practice which they are authorized to
use or apply

BARRIERS BASIC EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY

All employees should conduct their work in

compliance with their employer’s safety policies
RESTRAINTS and rules. Employees should report all injuries
immediately to the person in charge or other
WHEN AND WHERE PPE IS REQUIRED?
responsible representative of the employer
Whenever following conditions are encountered .employees should make full use of safeguards
: provided for their protection

SAFETY INSPECTIONS

Process hazards Employers should make sure their workplace are

inspected by a qualified person as often as the
type of operation or the character of the
equipment requires.
Environmental hazards
HAZARDS
Raw materials Identifying workplace hazards

Toxic chemicals Analyzing the workplace

Stationary machinery Developing solution

equipment may not be properly guarded / or in Writing solution

poor working order
Writing recommendations
Tools may not be properly maintained
Taking action
Extreme noise in work environment
Evaluating the results
Poor work station designs
Five general hazards
Flammable or combustible atmospheres
Material
Floors may be slippery and aisles cluttered
Equipment
Guard rails , ladders or floor hole covers may be
Environment
missing or damage

Employees might be fatigued , distracted in People

some way , or other wise lack the physical / system
mental way , or working safely
13 hazard categories
HAZARD
Acceleration
Unsafe work conditions or practices that could
cause injuries or illness to employees Biological

Recognized hazards Chemical reactions

Industry recognition Electrical

Employee recognition Ergonomics

Common sense recognition Explosives and explosions

Exposure Flammability and fires

Physical Temprature

Environmental Mechanical

potential Pressure

Six steps hazard control process Radiation

Toxics Personal protective equipment

Vibration / noise Solving safety problems-two key strategies

Identifying hazards Eliminate or reduce the surface cause

informal and formal observation programs Eliminate or reduce he root cause

Comprehensive wide surveys Cause effect analysis

Individual interviews Every effect is the result of a cause

Walk around inspection Key steps to develop effective

recommendations
Documentation review
Write the problem statement
A written record will help ensure
Describe the history of problem
Assignment of responsibility for hazard
correction State the solution options that would correct the
problem
Tracking of correction to completion
Describe the consequences as a cost. Vs . Benefit
Identification of problems in the control system analysis
Identification of problems in the accountability EFFECTIVE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
system
What is an accident
Identifcation of hazards for which no prevention
or control has been planned An accident is the final event in an unplanned
process that result in injury or illness to an
4 analysis
employee and possibly property damage
Job hazard analysis
Accident types
change analysis STRUCK BY
Process hazard analysis
STRUCK AGAINST
Phase hazard analysis CONTACT BY
Hierarchy of control CONTACT WITH
Elimination CAUGHT ON
Substitution CAUGHT BETWEEN
Engineering controls FALL TO SURFACE
Administrative controls
FALL TO BELOW Determine the solutions

OVER EXERTION Write the report

BODILY REACTION DOCUMENTING THE ACCIDENT SCENE

OVER EXPOSURE Make personal observations

CAUSE OF ACCIDENT Take photos of accident scene

Old theory-worker error :says worker makes a Take video clips of the scene
choice to work in an unsafe manner
sketch the accident scene
New theory-system approach : says accidents
occur due to multiple causes and due to defects Interview records
in the systems Steve’s seven rights of interview process
Characteristics of effective incident Be sure you ask the
investigation program
Right people the
Clearly assigned responsibility for accident
investigation Right question at the

All accident investigations will be formally Right time in the

trained on accident investigation techniques
Right place in the
The purpose is to find fact not fault
Right way for the
Dig deep to know hazardous conditions that
Right reason to uncover the
caused accidents
Right facts
report will make the recommendations to
correct the hazardous conditions and work WHO NEEDS TO BE INTERVIEWED
practices
The victim
Corrective actions must be completed
Co workers
An annual review of accident reports
Direct supervisors
Six steps for conducting accident investigation
Manager
Secure the accident scene
Training department
Conduct interview
Personnel department
Develop the sequence of events
Maintenance department
Conduct cause analysis
Emergency responders Actual events

Medical personal Assumed events

Coroner Non events

Police Simultaneous events

The victim’s spouse and family Developing the sequence of events

Effective interviewing techniques Once the sequence of events is developed we

will study each event to know:
Keep the purpose of investigation in the mind
Hazardous condition
Approach the investigation with an open mind
Unsafe behaviors
Go to the scene
System weaknesses
Express concern regarding the accident and
desire to prevent a similar occurrence Components of an event

Tell the interviewee that the information they Actor: the actor is an individual or object that
give is important directly influenced the flow of the sequence of
events
Be friendly , understanding and open minded
Action is something that is done by the actor
Be calm and unhurried
Hazardous conditions
Single event theory
Materials
An accident is thought to be the result of a
single , one time easily identifiable , unusual , Machinery
unexpected occurrence that result in injury or
Equipment
illness

The domino theory Tools

This describes as a series of related occurences Chemicals

which lead to a final event that results in injury Environment
or illness
Workstations
Multiple cause theory
Facilities
Accidents are a result of a series of random
related and / or unrelated actions that People
somehow interact to cause the accident
workload
Four categories of events
Levels of cause analysis
Injury analysis Evacuation procedures

Event analysis Emergency escape route assignments

System analysis Procedures to account for all employee after an

emergency evacuation has been completed
Higher priority strategies that control hazards
Name or job titles of personas who can be
Elimination contacted for further information or explanation
Substitution of duties under the plan.

Engineering controls NATURAL DISASTERS

Avalanche

Lower priority strategies to control exposure Biological

and behavior Drought
WARNINGS Sand storms
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Earth quakes
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Extreme heat / cold
WRITING THE REPORT Fire
Background Flood
Description Hurricane
Findings Landslide / Madslide
Recommendations Lightning
Summary Snow / Ice / hail
EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS Tornando

Volcanic eruption
WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN Tsunami
An action plan to organize employee and TECHNOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
employer action during workplace emergencies
Aircraft crash
COMPONENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE EMERGENCY
ACTION PLAN Structural collapse

Ways to report fires and other emergencies Business interruption

Communication

Levee failure Develop methods to alert employees

Explosion/fire

Extreme air pollution Identify methods to alert employees

Financial collapse

Fuel .resource shortage Identify how and when the employees will be
trained
Hazardous material release

Power / utility failure

Address how and when drills and retraining will
Radiological / nuclear accidents be conducted
Transportation accidents

WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN DEVELOPING EAP

One policy doesn’t fit all situations
Development of emergency action plan

Establish authority Designate someone who will stay to shut down

Conduct employee training and plan review critical operations during an evacuation

Review , coordinate and update the plan

Determine specific evacuation routes and exits

Make sure EAP meets specific needs

Consider and list potential natural or man made Designate evacuation coordinates and
emergencies workdens

Develop resue and medical assistance strategies

Conduct EAP employee training

Consider communication
Update the EAP regularly

Identify methods for reporting fires

INTRODUCTION TO FIRE PREVENTION PLANS Warning and caution signs

Fire detectors

What does the fire prevention plan do for your Pull stations
ORGANIZATION
Agent storage containers

Purpose of an alarm system

The purpose of and employee alarm system is to

reduce the severity of work place accidents and
injuries by ensuring that alarm systems operate
properly and procedures are in place to alert
Serves to reduce the risk of fires at your employees to workplace emergencies
workplace The fire triangle
Causes of fire
Enough oxygen to sustain combustion
Electrical hazards Enough heat to rise the material to it’s ignition
Portable heaters temperature and

Office fire hazards Some sort of fuel or combustible material

Cutting , welding and open flame work Fire extinguisher ratings

Flammable and combustible material Class a ordinary combustible

Smoking in the wrokplace Class b flammable liquids

Fixed extinguished system Class c electrical equipment

Fixed fire extinguishing systems are commonly Class d combustible metals

used to protect areas containing value able or
Class k restaurant kitchens
critical equipment such as data processing
rooms , telecommunication switches and Types of fire extinguishers
process control rooms
Dry chemical extinguishers
Components of a fixed system
Halon extinguishers
Discharge nozzle
Water extinguishers
Piping
Carbon dioxide extinguishers
Control panel
HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Warning alarm
PASS : PULL – AIM –SQUEEZE-SWEEP A significant injury or illness diagnosed by a
physician or other licensed health care
MANAGEMENT TRAINING RESPONSIBLITY professional

OSHA 300 form is the log of work related

injuries and illnesses

All managers should be trained and make sure

employees are also trained to understand their OSHA 300 –A is the summary of work related
FFP responsibility. injuries and illnesses

OSH RECORD KEEPING

OSHA FORM 301 or equipment is the worker’s

and employer’s report of occupational injury or
disease
The record keeping and reporting rule requires
employers to record and report work –related
fatalities , injuries and illnesses . It’s important
to record or report a work related injury , illness
or fatality You must involve your employees and their
representatives in the record keeping system

An injury or illness meets the general recording

criteria and is recordable , if it results in any TOTAL NO. OF INJURIES AND ILLNESSES / NO.
one of following six conditions : OF HOURS WORKED BY ALL EMPLOYEES * 200 ,
000 = TOTAL RECORDABLE CASE RATE

Death

Days away from work

HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Restricted work or job transfer

Medical treatment beyond first aid

Loss of consciousness
The hazard communication rule applies to any
chemical which is known to be present in the
workplace in such a manner that employees
may be exposed under normal conditions of use
or in a foreseeable emergency
Responsibility
Chemical manufacturers and importers must
evaluate chemicals produced in their workplaces
or imported by them to determine if they are
hazardous
Employers must assess the hazards of chemicals
and develop a written hazard communication
plan along with training and information
Material safety data sheet
Chemical manufacturers and importers must
obtain and develop a material safety data sheet
for each hazardous chemical they produce or
import and must develop appropriate labels
that provide hazard warning information
Employee training
How to
Reference the chemical test or hazards
Use material data safety sheets
Use protective practices including PPE
Recognize a release of chemicals
Detect over exposure to chemicals
Write secondary container labels
Hazard communication plan
Employers must develop, implement and
maintain a written hazard communication plan
that contains a list of hazardous chemicals
being used in the workplace, assign
responsibilities and describes procedures for:
Labeling containers
Maintaining and using material safety data
sheets
Information and training
Pipe labeling
Non routine tsk procedures
Contractor procedures
Hazardous substance
Is any chemical which poses a physical or a
health hazard?
Physical hazards
Are chemical reactions that could result in a fire,
explosion and/ or toxic gas release which cause
physical trauma if chemicals are handled or
stored improperly?
Health hazards
Is health effects caused directly by the chemicals
themselves, not an injury resulting from a
reaction
Dusts, fumes. Fibres . Mists . Vapors , gases ,
solids , liquids
Chemical effects
On various organs of the human body depend
on several important factors : solid , liquid or
gas ?
Ingested , inhaled , absorbed or injected ?
How much chemical makes it’s ways into the
body?
How poisonous is the chemical?
Routes of entry
Routes of entry of chemicals may take must be
known when assessing the workplace for
chemical hazards.
Alternative labeling methods
HMIS ( hazardous material information system)
NFPA (national fire protection association )
Material safety data sheet
Used to communicate chemical hazard
information from the manufacturer to the
employee to train and inform on safe use of
hazardous chemicals
Employers must obtain a MSDS from the
chemical manufacturer or import as soon as
possible
Employers must maintain in the workplace
copies of required material safety data sheets
Employee must know
The hazard communication program
The measures to protect themselves
Detect the release or presence of hazardous
chemical
Physical and health hazards
When new hazardous chemical is used in
organization
HAZWOPER
Hazardous waste operations and emergency
response covers response to uncontrollable
releases
CONDUCTING A JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS :
It focuses on the relationship between the
worker , task tools and environment .after you
identify uncontrolled hazards , you will take
steps to eliminate or reduce them to an
acceptable risk level . You can prevent
workplace injuries and illnesses.
IMPROVE YOUR EMPOYEES
Get together with your employees and talk
about the actual and potential hazards and
unsafe behaviors they believe might exist in
their current work and surroundings .Discuss the
possible accident that might result from the
hazards and behaviors . Next come up with
ideas to eliminate or control those hazards and
behaviors.
LOOK FOR HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND
UNSAFE BEHAVIOURS
Material safety data sheets
Experienced workers
Accident and incident reports
 First aid statistical record Basic job step

Behavior based safety reports Hazard present

Safety committee meeting minutes Preventive measures

Safety inspection reports GOALS WHILE CONDUCTING A JHA

Previous JHAs What can go wrong

Existing work procedures What are the consequences ?

Equipment manuals How could the hazard arise ?

Preventive /corrective maintenance What are the other contributing factors ?

records
How likely is that hazard will occur ?

HIGH RISK BEHAVIOURS

TIPS
Working at evaluation , no matter what job is
Write safe job procedure
Lifting , lowering , pushing , pulling and other
manual handling operations Hire professionals to conduct JHA

Improve the JHA process by taking a team

Other working above or below the work area
approach
Use of bridge cranes man lifts , or other heavy
equipment RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEEMNT

Working on or near energized equipment

/components SAFETY MANUAL
Working alone or in isolated workplaces

Operating vehicles  HOW TO ASSESS THE RISK

Working within a confined space or under temp  The risk score is determined by
extremes multiplying the consequence and
likelihood scores you have recorded for
RISK ANALYSIS
each hazard
Risk = probability*severity
 To assess the risk associated with
JHA FORMAT hazards you have identified, ask the
following questions:
JHA includes three columns:
 How likely is the hazard to cause harm Everyone is different. A hazard may also
to someone? pose more risk to some people more
than others because of differences in
physical strength, experience, training
 What is the worst possible damage the etc.
hazard could cause in terms of human

suffering and cost if you don't resolve
the problem?

 How many people are exposed to the

risk? Sometimes it may be the amount
of time workers spend on an activity
that creates the safety risk, rather than
the nature of the work task itself.
Everyone is different. A hazard may also
pose more risk to some people more
than others because of differences in
physical strength, experience, training
etc.

 HOW TO MANAGE THE RISK

 The risk score is determined by

multiplying the consequence and
likelihood scores you have recorded for
each hazard

 To assess the risk associated with

hazards you have identified, ask the
following questions:

 How likely is the hazard to cause harm

to someone?

 What is the worst possible damage the

hazard could cause in terms of human
suffering and cost if you don't resolve
the problem?

 How many people are exposed to the

risk? Sometimes it may be the amount
of time workers spend on an activity
that creates the safety risk, rather than
the nature of the work task itself.
THE END

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