™

—
 3

2.8 CEILING BATTENS ................................................................................................ 43

4.2 BEARERS................................................................................................................. 93
 4

1.1.1 Scope
5
 6

1.4.9.1 Dead loads

1.4.9.2

1.4.9.3

1.4.9.4
 7

1.4.9.5

1.4.9.6

NOTES:
1

2
 8

2
.

NOTES:
1
2

2
.
 9

FLW

RLW
S
 10

2.1.2 Design for Safety

2.1.2.1

2.1.2.2

S
S

S
 11

1
2 3

1 g44 × S) . . . 2.1.2(1)
2 g44 × 1.1 . . . 2.1.2(2)
3 g45 × 1.1 . . . 2.1.2(3)

g44 S

g45
× 109 2

g 47
NOTES:
1
2

2 g 44
framed structures

u qu S . . . 2.1.2(4)

qu
qu

−1.1 −2.0

NOTES:
1

2
p
 12

2.1.2.3

4
↓

2.1.2.4

1 1

k1
1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.00
4 1.15
 13

Unseasoned timber — 4

— 4

12

2.1.3.1

q S . . . 2.1.3

q
q

S
2.1.3.2

s↑ s↓
2
 14

2.1.3.3

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

2.1.3.4
 15

2.2.2.1

2.2.2.2

0.1S
0.2S
S
S
S
S
 16

1, 2 3
4 5

1 g 43 ⎛⎜ 1.8 + 0.12 S ⎞⎟ or 0.25S

⎝ ⎠

2 g 43 ⎛⎜ 0.9 + 0.12 S ⎞⎟ or 0.25S

⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞
g 45 ⎜ 1.8 + 0.12 S ⎟ or 0.25S
3
⎜ ⎟
⎝ o ⎠
4 g 42 × 1.1 . . . 2.2.2(4)
5 g 45 × 1.1 . . . 2.2.2(5)

S
o

g 45

× 10 9 2

g 42, g 43

× 109 2

6 2
× 10
u

u qu S . . . 2.2.2(6)

qu
qu

−1.1 +0.56 or −1.6

−1.6 +0.72 or −1.6
 17

2.2.2.3

↓ ↓ ↓

3 ↑
↑ ↑ ↑

2.2.2.4

1 1

k1
1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.15
 18

Unseasoned timber — 4

— 4

9
n n

—
9 S o

S
o

—
—

2.2.3.1

q S . . . 2.2.3

q
q

S
 19

−1.1 −1.6

2.2.3.2

s↑
s↑ s↑ s↑
3

2.2.3.3

2.2.3.4
 20

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

 21

2.3.2.1

2.3.2.2

Dead loads

2
RLW RLW

RLW
 22

1 2
3

⎛ 1.8 ⎞
1 = ⎜ + 0.12 RLW ⎟ RLW
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 0.9 ⎞
2 = ⎜ + 0.12 RLW ⎟ RLW
⎝ ⎠
3 = 1.1 . . . 2.3.2(4)

RLW
u

u qu RLW) . . . 2.3.2(5)

qu
qu

−1.1 +0.56 or −1.6

−1.6 +0.72 or −1.6

2.3.2.3

2.3.2.4

1 1
 23

Unseasoned timber
4
4

— 4

↓ ↓ ↓

3
↑ ↑
↑ ↑

k1
1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.15

9 n
n

S1
 24

2.3.3.1

q RLW) . . . 2.3.3

q
q

RLW

−1.1 −1.6

2.3.3.2

s↑
s↑ s↑
s↑
3
 25

2.3.3.3

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

2.3.3.4
 26

2.4.2.1

2.4.2.2

Dead loads 1
2 2

2 S RLW) . . . 2.4.2(1)

S
 27

1.8
1 = + 0.12 S RLW or 0.25 S RLW

S
RLW
u
u

u qu S RLW) . . . 2.4.2(3)

qu
qu

S
RLW

−1.1

2.4.2.3

2.4.2.4

1 1

Unseasoned timber 4
4

— 4

9 n
n
 28

S1

Design action

P P P P P

P P P P P P P P P P

1 1 2

2 1 2 1

1 2 u↓
3
1 2 u↑

NOTES:
1 S
2

3 d
 29

k1
1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.15

2.4.3.1

Dead loads
Live Loads 1

⎡ 1 .8 ⎤
1 = 0 .7 ⎢ + 0.12 S RLW ⎥ or 0.25 S RLW
⎣ ⎦
. . . 2.4.3

S
RLW
2.4.3.2

S
 30

2.4.3.3

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

2.4.3.4
 31

2.5.2.1

2.5.2.2

Dead loads
1 2

2 . . . 2.5.2(1)

2
2

1
 32

u qu

qu
qu

−1.1

2.5.2.3

2.5.2.4

1 1

Unseasoned timber —
4
4

— 4

9 n
n

S1
 33

Load category Design loads

1 1 2
2 1 2 1

1 2 u↓
3
1 2 u↑

k1
1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.15

2.5.3.1

2.5.3.2

2
 34

2.5.3.3

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

2.5.3.4
 35

2.6.2.1

2.6.2.2

Dead loads 1
2

2
2 ) . . . 2.6.2(1)

2
2
 36

u qu

qu
qu

−1.1
−1.6

2.6.2.3

2.6.2.4

1 1

Unseasoned timber —
4
4

— 4

9 n
n
 37

S1

Load category Design loads

1 1 2

2 1 2 1

1 2 u↓
3
1 2 u↑

k1
1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.15

2.6.3.1
 38

2.6.3.2

2.6.3.3

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

2.6.3.4
 39

2.7.2.1

2.7.2.2

Dead loads
1 2
1 2
2
1

2 . . . 2.7.2(2)

2
2
 40

u qu . . . 2.7.2(4)

qu
qu

−1.1
−1.6

2.7.2.3

2.7.2.4

1 1

Unseasoned timber —
4
4

— 4

9 n
n
 41

S1

Load category Design loads

1 1 2

2 1 2 1

1 2 u↓
3
1 2 u↑

k1
1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.15
 42

2.7.3.1

2.7.3.2

2.7.3.3

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

2.7.3.4
 43

2.8.2.1

2.8.2.2

Dead loads

u qu S

qu
qu

S
 44

−0.5
−1.0

2.8.2.3

2
↑

2.8.2.4

1 1

k1

1 0.57
2 1.15
 45

Unseasoned timber — 4
4

— 4

12

2.8.3.1

2.8.3.2

2.8.3.3

Unseasoned 3.0

2.8.3.4
 46

2.9.2.1

2.9.2.2

S
 47

g42 × 1.1 . . . 2.9.2(2)

g42
g 42

— g42

× 109 2

Shear — g42
u

u qu S . . . 2.9.2(3)

qu
qu

−0.5
−1.0

2.9.2.3

2.9.2.4

1 1

Unseasoned timber —
4
4

— 4

9
 48

↓ ↓

3
↑ ↑

k1

1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.15
 49

2.9.3.1

2.9.3.2

2.9.3.3

FOR DEFORMATION

Unseasoned 3.0

2.9.3.4
 50

2.10.2.1

2.10.2.2

u qu ) . . . 2.10.2(2)

qu
qu
 51

−0.5
−1.0

2.10.2.3

3
↑

2.10.2.4

1 1
 52

k1

1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.15

Unseasoned timber —
4
4

— k4

9 n
n

—
—

S1

2.10.3.1

2.10.3.2

2
 53

2.10.3.3

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

2.10.3.4
 54

2.11.2.1

2.11.2.2

Dead loads 1
2

2
 55

u qu

qu
qu

−0.5
−1.0

2.11.2.3

3
↑
 56

2.11.2.4

1 1

k1

1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.15

Unseasoned timber —
4
4

— 4

9 n
n

S1

2.11.3.1

2.11.3.2
 57

2.11.3.3

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

2.11.3.4
 58

2.12.2.1

2.12.2.2

Dead loads 1
2 2

2
2 RLW S RLW S . . . 2.12.2(1)

S
 59

1.8
+ 0.12 S RLW or 0.25 S RLW
. . . 2.12.2(2)

S
RLW
u

u qu S RLW) . . . 2.12.2(3)

qu
qu

S
RLW

−1.2

2.12.2.3

2.12.2.4

1 1

Unseasoned timber — 4
4
— 4
 60

9 n
n

S1

Design action

P P P P P

P P P P P P P P P P

1 1 2

2 1 2

1 2 u↓
3
1 2 u↑

NOTES:
1 S
2

3 d
 61

k1
1 0.57
2 0.94
3 1.15

2.12.3.1

Dead loads

⎡ 1 .8 ⎤
0 .7 ⎢ + 0.12 S RLW ⎥ or 0.25 S RLW
⎣ ⎦
. . . 2.12.3(1)

S
RLW

q S RLW) . . . 2.12.3(2)

q
q

S
RLW

−1.2

2.12.3.2
 62

s s s s s s s s

S —

2.12.3.3

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

2.12.3.4
 63

3.1.2.1

3.1.2.2

Dead loads
 64

Source of load Dead load,

Floor 0.4

0.9
0.4

1, 2 3

— 1 .
— 2 .
For posts supporting roof area (A — 3 ) or 0.25 ,

NOTES:
1 2 3
2

u qu . . . 3.1.2

qu
qu

−1.2

3.1.2.3

*
*
 65

1 * 1

2 * 1.25 2

3 * 1 3
* 1 u↓
4
* 0.8 u↑

3.1.2.4

1 1

Unseasoned timber — 4
4

— 4

k1
1 0.57
2 0.80
3 0.94
4 1.15
66
 67

3.2.2.1

3.2.2.2

Dead loads

Application

RLW S 1 RLW o

RLW S 1 RLW o

RLW FLW RLW FLW

2 2 ⎯
FLW S2 FLW o

RLW FLW RLW FLW

2 2 ⎯
FLW S2 FLW o
2 2
FLW) + 0.025 (FLW S2 FLW) + 0.025 (FLW o

S1
S2
o
 68

1, 2 3

Application

1 1 1

2 RLW S 1 2 RLW o 2

3 3 3

1 FLW S 2 1 FLW o 1

2 2 2

3 FLW S 2 3 FLW o 3

RLW
FLW
S1
S2
o

3
 69

qu RLW S 1 qu RLW o qu

qu ptw S qu ptw o

qu RLW S qu RLW o

qu ptw S qu ptw o

qu qu

ptw
S1
S
o

−1.1 +1.00
−1.6 −1.35

3.2.2.3
 70

2
NOTES:
1

2
2

≤
≥

Load category Design loads

1 1

2 3

3 2

1 ↓
4 ↑
1

3.2.2.4

1 1

Unseasoned timber — 4

4
— 4
 71

— 9
n n
— 9
n n
— 9

—
—

g13 g 13

• ≤ g 13
• ≥ g13
• ≤ ≤ g13
— g 13

S1 S4

k1
1 0.57
2 0.94
3 0.97
4 1.15
 72

3.2.3.1

3.2.3.2

q ptw S
q ptw o

q
q

ptw

1.0

3.2.3.3
 73

4 4
cwL cwL

≤
≥ .
−
.

3.2.3.4

3.2.3.5
74
 75

3.3.2.1

3.3.2.2

Dead loads —

RLW S
RLW S 0.4 S
RLW S S FLW S
FLW 2 S
RLW S S FLW S
FLW 2 S

2
2

RLW
FLW
S
S
S

— 1, 2 3

1 2 RLW S 3

1 2 RLW S 3

1 FLW S 2 3 FLW S
two storeys 1 FLW S 2 3 FLW S

RLW
FLW
S
S
S
1

3
 76

— u

qu RWL S
qu RWL S
qu RWL S
qu RWL S

qu qu

RLW
S
S
S

−1.1
−1.5

3.3.2.3
 77

two storeys

—
Load category Design loads
1 1

2 3

3 1 2

1 u↓
4
u↑
 78

3.3.2.4

—
1 1

k1
1 0.57
2 0.8
3 0.94
4 1.15

Unseasoned timber — 4
4

— 4

—
9 n n

— 12

3.3.3.1

3.3.3.2
 79

1 1

2
2
3

3.3.3.3

Unseasoned 3.0 1

3.3.3.4
80
 81

3.4.2.1

3.4.2.2

Dead loads 1
2
3 1, 2 3

— 2 RLW S
3 ⎯
1

2 RLW S
3

1 RLW FLW
2
FLW
2 3 ⎯

2
= roof mass ⎯
2
⎯
RLW

FLW
S
 82

1 2
3, 4 5

Application Live loads Unit

1.8
— 1 S RLW S RLW

1 S RLW
2

⎛ 1.8 ⎞
⎜ + 0.12 ⎟⎟
⎜ +
⎝ RLW ⎠

3 RLW
4 FLW
5 FLW

FLW
1, 2 3

5
 83

—
qu S RLW

qu S RLW
qu
⎯

qu qu

−1.1
−1.6
 84

3.4.2.3

Common lintels

1 1 1 4

1 1 2 1 2

2 3

2 ⎯ ⎯ 1 4 5

1 1

3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3

2 3 2

1 1

1 2 ↓ 1 2 ↓ ⎯
2 3 ↓
4
1 1

1 2 ↑ 1 2 ↑ ⎯
2 3 ↑
S
 85

3.4.2.4
*

– 0.55 1 . . . 3.4.2(1)
– 7.0 1 . . . 3.4.2(2)

k1
1 0.57
2 0.80
3 0.94
4 1.15

3.4.2.5

1 1

2, 4

9 n
n

—
—

S1
 86

3.4.3.1

q S RLW) . . . 3.4.3(1)
q . . . 3.4.3(2)

q
q

S
RLW

3.4.3.2

3.4.3.3

9 2

3.4.3.4
 87

Common lintels

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

 88

4.1.2 Design for Safety

4.1.2.1

4.1.2.2

Dead loads —
1 2

1 Concentrated load, 2

2
0.4 S 0
2
1.0 S 0

— RLW × S
— RLW × S

NOTES:
1 S RLW
2
 89

Live Loads —
1 4 5 6

5
g42
— g 42

≤ × 106 × 2
n
6 2
> ≤ × 10 ×
n

n
For shear and bearing — g 42

1 S
—

— 2 S
3 S
— 4 S
5 g 42 × 1.8
6 S

4.1.2.3
 90

2 5 d from supports
2

4.1.2.4

—
1 1
 91

k1
1 0.57
2 0.80
3 0.94

Unseasoned timber —
4
4

— 4

— 9) is
n n
—

4.1.3.1

4.1.3.2

Dead loads —
1, 2
— 1 4
6 7 (in kN), is

7 g41 × 1.0 . . . 4.1.3

g41
g 41
g 42 2.2.
7

4.1.3.3
 92

4.1.3.4

4.1.3.5

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

⎯
 93

4.2.2.1
 94

4.2.2.2

Dead loads

2
FLW) + 0.025 (FLW

0.4
0.8
(b) Support to roofs
RLW
RLW
2
FLW) + 0.025 (FLW

FLW
RLW

— 1, 2, 4 5 3
6

Live load and application Load

— 1 FLW 1
— FLW 2

— 2 FLW 1
— FLW 2

— 4 FLW 1
— 5 FLW 1
— 6 FLW 1

7 FLW 1

FLW 1

FLW 2
 95

4.2.2.3

4.2.2.4

—
1 1

Unseasoned timber —
4
4

— 4

— 9) is
n n

—
 96

3 d

k1
1 0.57
2 0.80
3 0.94

4.2.3.1

Dead loads —
 97

Live Loads — 1, 2 3
4 5

— 1 FLW 1
— FLW 2

2 FLW 1

3 FLW 1

5 FLW 1

FLW 1

FLW 2

4.2.3.2

4.2.3.3

2
 98

Load duration factor ( 2

Unseasoned 3.0 1.0

4.2.3.4
 99

pu
pu qu – 0.8 . . . 5.2.1(1)
 100

pu
pu qu – 0.8 . . . 5.2.1(2)

pu
p u1

wind (p u2
p u1 p u2
pu1 qu p) . . . 5.2.2(1)

p
 101

0.5

0.5

1.0

qu
pu*2 = 2 ptw h
2
− − 0.75h 2 − 2h h − h 2 − − 0.25h 2 + 2h h + h 2

− p ) . . . 5.2.2(2)

ptw
α

α h

α h

h α

°
α α < 10° 10° ≤ α ≤ 15° α 20° α ≥ 25°
1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2
 102

pe1

α
<10°° 10°° 15°° 20°° 25°° 30°° 35°°
−0.9 −0.7 –0.5 –0.3 –0.2 –0.2
≤0.25
−0.4 −0.4 0
–0.9 –0.9 –0.7 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.2
0.5
–0.4 –0.4 0
–1.3 –1.3 –1.0 –0.7 –0.5 –0.3 –0.2
≥1.0
–0.3 –0.6 –0.5 –0.3 0

NOTES:
1
2

pe2

α
<10°° 10°° 15°° ≥20°°
≤0.25 –0.3 –0.3 –0.5 –0.6
0.5 –0.5 –0.5 –0.5 –0.6
≥1.0 –0.7 –0.7 –0.6 –0.6
103
 104

1684.3

α
θ
h
d

qu
qu

u
 105

θ ° θ °
 106

α α< ≤α ≤ α α≥
1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2
θ θ .

db ≤1 2 ≥4
1.2 1.0 0.9
θ

d α
<
≤0.25 0 0 +0.5 +0.8 +0.9 +0.9 +1.0

≥
θ θ

p qu

db

d b
 107

p = qu u 2 + α . . . 6.2(2)
u 2 + α

α
α hd u

NOTES:
1 hd u

— —
 108

qu u u + + 2 + α
p = . . . 6.2(3)
u + + 2 + α

α
α
hd u

NOTES:
1 hd u

—
—

p = qu u 2 + α . . . 6.2(4)
u 2 + α

α hd u

— — HIP-ENDED ROOF
 109

qu u + + 2 + α
p = . . . 6.2(5)
u + + 2 + α

α
hd u

—
HIP-ENDED ROOF
 110

6.3 —
5.9 —
5.6 —

5.2 —
4.8 7.6
4.7 6.8

4.2 5.2
— 4.4
— 3.7

NOTES:
1

3
 111

34 26 ⎯
40 26 ⎯
50 32
61 39
74 47 ⎯

NOTES:
1
2

q q
⎯ 0.69 0.41
⎯ 0.96 0.41

— C3 3.29 1.33
 112

g 47 ,
g47

≤ g 47 ≤

g47 − d o) . . . C2

d
o

≤
 113

* *

* *

* g45 * . . . C3(1)

* g45 * . . . C3(2)

g45 ≤ g 45 ≤ 1.0

⎛h ⎞
g45 10 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 0.69 . . . C3(3)
⎝h ⎠

h g47 3
. . . C3(4)
o

h . . . C3(5)
S3
g47

o, S

*
φ ≥ . . . C4.1(1)

φ φ 1 4 6 9 b′ n . . . C4.1(2)

φ
1, 4, 6

S o
 114

b′
n
2
bdn b dn
d n ≥ 2d

*
φ ≥ . . . C4.2(1)

φ φ 1 4 6 ′ . . . C4.2(2)

φ
1, 4, 6

′
2
bdn
3

*
6 6 *
+ ≤ φ g50 1 4 6 ′ . . . C4.3(1)
bd n2 bd n

b
dn
φ
1, 4, 6

′
g50
d 0.333
*
*
115
116