Sei sulla pagina 1di 7

DESCRIPTION OF EAT PATTERN AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

NUTRITION STATUS WITH BASIC CONSUMPTION LEVELS IN


CHILDREN OF SCHOOL

(Studi Case Settlement Gundih, District Bubutan, Surabaya City)

Miranti Widiayunita

Post-graduate of the Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya


Email : mirantiwidiayunita2000@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Background, since the 1997 economic crisis the according to age and sex and carried out 2x24 hour
number of poor people in Indonesia has increased. recall to determine diet and consumption levels.
One result of the crisis was the increasing number Conclusion, (1) 70% of street children have poor
of street children. Street children are one of the nutritional status and only 6.7% have good
conditions of children in difficult circumstances, nutritional status. (2) The most common diet
their lives are very worrying, especially health and patterns for street children are rice, side dishes and
the future. The goal is to know the nutritional vegetables. (3) The level of consumption achieved
status of street children as a scientific basis for is still below 100% of the AKG and the majority are
further intervention programs. Research Methods, in the less and moderate category. (4) There is no
discrete-analytic observational research. Using significant relationship between nutritional status
quota sampling as many as 30 street children in and consumption level (p> 0.05). Suggestions,
the Gundih settlement of Bubutan District, intervention programs on street children need to
Surabaya City. Nutritional status was assessed by be done to prevent further serious nutritional
using anthropometric parameters of height problems.
children in Indonesia to reach 3 million children, while
PRELIMINARY enumeration of street children conducted in 1998 in 12
major cities the number of street children has reached 40
1.1 Background to the Problem million children. It is estimated that the number of street
children will continue to increase in line with the
Since the economic crisis in 1997 the number of deteriorating prolonged Indonesian economy.
poor people in Indionesia has increased. The economic crisis
has caused the real value of the national development The severity of life for street children that must be
budget to decline by at least 60%, so that tens of millions of faced with the problem of education and health has not
families in Indonesia are forced to cross the poverty line. become a primary problem and it can be ascertained that
according to the World Bank, 3/5 or 60 percent of the lives of these abandoned children are very worrying
Indonesia's population is currently below the poverty line. especially their health and future, so the phenomenon of
increasing the number of children is a separate problem in
This situation causes health services and education to pediatric community.
deteriorate, where children are the most vulnerable
populations to be attacked. Reducing health services and From data from the East Java social service, in 2000 the
education has been accelerated at a time when Indonesia number of street children in the city of Surabaya had the
should produce healthy children and have good education to highest number. We can meet the activities of street children
meet the challenges of globalization and the need to build a in the city of Surabaya in the city center, at the intersection
nation after the crisis. This crisis has removed most of the of red lights or in the traditional market area.
benefits of a lost generation, children lost education, good
nutrition and health protection. According to the 2003 Gundih Subdistrict, Bubutan Subdistrict, Surabaya, is a
human development report on the United Nations former place of relocation for homeless people including
development program, the severity of child malnutrition in street children and until now, from the survey results, street
Indonesia is increasing. workers have formed their own communities in one
settlement.
One of the social symptoms as a direct result of the
economic crisis is the increasing number of street children Seeing the description above, it is very important for
According to the 1991 East South Office research on Children empirical data to influence the description of eating patterns
on Jakarta's Street, from 3,420,828 children in Jakarta, 1.46% and the relationship between nutritional status and
(9,868) were street children and based on data obtained consumption level in street children who are in elementary
from international conferences on street children in school in the settlement of Gundih, Bubutan Regency,
Yogyakarta in the year 1996, estimated the number of street Surabaya, because it is part of Indonesia's assets..
RESEARCH METHODS and Type namely 10 (33.3%), while
AND RESULTS of Job the scavengers were the
least number, namely 1
The research (3.3%). According to
Work
income, most of them

Buskers
Beggar
method is discrete- Age
analytic observational (years) know, 21 (70%)
research. Using quota respondents have income
sampling as many as 30 <= Rp. 5,000, the amount
street children in the
7-9 2 (6,7) 3(10) of income can come from
Gundih settlement of the work of beggars,
10-12 3(10) 6(20)
Bubutan District, buskers, hawkers and
Surabaya City. Nutritional 13-15 - 1(3,3)
service fees, while the
status was assessed by largest amount of income
using anthropometric Amount 5(16,7) 10(33,3) (> Rp. 20,000) is only 2
parameters of height ( 6.7% of respondents
according to age and sex who came from the work
From table 2.1.2 of beggars and
and carried out 2x24 hour buskers are the type of
recall to determine scavengers.
work that is mostly done
dietary patterns and from all age groups,
consumption levels. From Table 2.1.4 Distribution
namely 10 (33.3%). of
the research conducted, Besides that, asongan in
30 respondents were Respondents
the age group of 7-9 years According to
obtained. and services in the age the Level of
group 10-15 years have Knowledge
Table 2.1 Characteristics the same number as the
of Respondents About
type of work of buskers. Nutrition
Table 2.1.1 distribution of Table 2.1.3 Distribution
respondents of Respondents by Job Knowledge Category
according to and Income
age and sex Well

Gender P Enough
Work
Buskers
Beggar

Age
Less
7-9 years 2 Income(Rp)
Amount
10-12 years 9
<=5000 3 6
13-15 years 2 Distribution of
6000-10000 1 2
respondents according to
Amount 13 the level of knowledge
11000-15000 - 1
about nutrition found no
% 43
16000-20000 - 1 response to the level of
knowledge of good
The distribution >20000 1 - nutrition, 10 (33.3%)
of respondents according respondents had a level
Amount 5 10
to age and sex found that of knowledge of adequate
the age group of 10-12 % 16,7 33,3 nutrition and 20 (66.7%)
years had the highest respondents had a level
Description: services:
number of 17 (60%), polishers, cleaning public places of knowledge of
whereas according to sex <=: less malnutrition.
the number of male than the same as
>: greater
respondents was found to
than
be higher, namely 16
(57%). Distribution of
respondents according to
Table 2.1.2 Distribution occupation and income
of
Responden
obtained by the type of DISCUSSION
work with the highest
ts by Age number was singers,
From the research that While the age group 10-15 years requires a lot of energy
has been done, there number of street children apart from the work of for children of their age
were 30 respondents aged 10-12 years who are busking services is the (elementary school age)
from street children greater than 13-15 years type of work that has the even though later the
old is because sampling in highest number, namely 1 income can be greater.
3.1 Characteristics of this study was conducted (3.3%) of respondents,
Respondents at the age of elementary this is because they Food
3.1.1 Age and Gender school, so the small physically feel more able consumption can be
number of those aged 13- to do the service of the influenced by the amount
Based on the 15 years is likely to be service and of income, because the
results of research in street children who amount of income owned
table 2.1.1, it is known should has graduated can determine purchasing
that the age group of 10- from elementary school. the results what is power. 11 Based on
12 years has the highest obtained is expected to income in table 4.1.3, it is
number of 18 (60%) Distribution of be more. From this it can known that most are 21
compared to the two age respondents by sex in be concluded that the age (70%) street children have
groups below and above, table 4.1.1, of the total of a person will greatly income <= Rp.5,000, this
namely the age group 7-9 number of street children determine the type of income can be obtained
years and 13-15. The in this study, the male work he chooses because from the type of work of
amount of age group 10- respondents had the physically they feel more beggars, buskers, hawkers
12 years compared to the largest number, namely able to do more to get and services. While the
age group below can be 17 (57%). This is probably more income. biggest income (> Rp.
concluded that the higher because boys are 20,000) can be found
the age of a person the physically stronger than 3.1.3 Socio-Economic from beggar jobs (3.3%)
greater the chance to girls, but in terms of 3.1.3.1 Job Types and Big and 1 scavenger (3.3%).
work because physically licensing from parents, Income From here it can be seen
they are stronger and boys are more likely to that the type of busking
mentally feel more get permission to roam In table 2.1.3, it work can produce varying
courageous to go on the the streets. is known that the most amounts of income, as
streets, considering that types of work are singers, well as other types of
they have to live in the 3.1.2 Age and type of namely 10 (33.3%), this is work as shown in the
middle big danger. From work because busking is table, so it can be
interviews conducted considered easier to do concluded that the
with several respondents From table 2.1.2, and does not require amount of income is not
who lived together the it is known that buskers capital at all. With determined by the type of
people (80%) it was found are the most types of busking they only need work.
that people knew that work for all age groups, simple musical
they had not given namely 10 (33.3%), from instruments made from In this study, it
permission to join work this it can be concluded bottle caps and was known that most
actively and that the types of busking perfunctory sounds. (36.7%) street children
independently if they work can be done by all While the majority of jobs had low income (<=
were still considered too age groups. According to are service workers, Rp.5000) and most
small, but they were only the results of the namely 9 (30%) such as (26.7%) street children
passively involved in just interview, it was known polishing, renting who had higher income (>
accompanying them. that the selection of this umbrellas and cleaning Rp.5,000) turned out to
Passive involvement of a type of work was due to public places. According have the same level of
child can of course the ease of doing the to the results of the calorie consumption is
provide its own benefits work. In the age group of interview, the selection of low. From this it can be
because the community 7-9 years the type of the type of service work is concluded that the
will often find it hard to asongan work is known to caused because they feel greater income of the
see the child, while also have the same high that there is a concrete most active street
another advantage is that number as busking ie 3 work they do rather than children is not followed
the child will learn as (10%), this is probably just begging or singing. by an increase in the level
early as possible with the because the asongan is of consumption of food.
street environment so relatively not too tiring The smallest This situation can be
that when they have to compared to other jobs number of jobs is caused because the level
work they are already such as scavengers and scavenger work, which is of consumption is not
trained. services but also types of 1 (3.3%) because this only caused by large
jobs that are not just work is considered to be income but also due to
asking - ask. Likewise, the relatively tiring and other factors such as the
level of knowledge, the consumption is other factors such as 5. The need for further
health of the individual banana, papaya, the role of parents, research with a larger
and the role of the guava and appetite, pleasure sample size and wider
family.11,16 watermelon 4 (13.3%) factors and socio- population.
respectively. Milk is cultural conditions.
known to only 6. The need for further
consume 6 (20%) research on the
respondents. relationship between
the factors underlying
4. The average the nutritional status
percentage of RDA for of street children,
CONCLUSIONS all types is still far such as illness, the
AND from the environment and
RECOMMENDATIONS recommended value others.
which is below 100%
4.1 Conclusions (the highest
percentage of energy
From the research that RDA percentage is
has been done it can be 79.3% 50.3%,
concluded: carbohydrate 84.9% 4.2 Suggestions
32%, fat 66, 8%
1. Of the 30 street 47%, and protein 1. Efforts need to be
children who were 65.4% 33.5% all of made in order to
assessed for their which were obtained increase knowledge
nutritional status, they in the age group 13-14 about nutrition in
were obtained mostly, years). street children such as
namely 21 (70%) counseling.
street children who 5. From the results of
had poor nutritional statistical analysis it is 2. There needs to be a
status. known that the nutrition intervention
relationship between program for street
2. The most frequent diet nutritional status and children such as
patterns of street the level of energy, supplementary food
children are rice, side carbohydrate, fat and programs (PMT).
dishes and vegetables, protein consumption
which is 13 (43.4%), did not have a 3. The need for efforts to
the second most is significant relationship improve the quality of
rice, side dishes are 10 (p> 0.05). This can be human resources in
(33.3%). caused by the level of the community of
consumption of street street children by
3. For consumption of children still far from providing education
staple food, rice is the the AKG so that the and skills to increase
type consumed by 30 substances consumed independence with
(100%) respondents, are still allocated for the hope that street
then the second most energy in activities children can improve
while for growth is still their economic and
is noodle 21 (70%).
lacking or can also be health degrees.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
For the consumption
of side dishes, tempeh caused by diseases
is the most consumed suffered and genetic 4. The discovery of
factors. nutritional problems 1. Adriani, M. 2012. The
side dish 26 (86.7%), Role of Nutrition in
followed by eggs and in street children in
6. The amount of income the Gundih area of the Life Cycle. Jakarta;
tofu. The highest Kencana
vegetable and level of Bubutan district,
knowledge may play a Surabaya City, should Prenadamedia Group.
consumption was
spinach 23 (76.7%), role in determining be used as a scientific
the level of basis for intervention 2. Alamsyah, D &
the second largest was Muliawati, R. 2013.
kangkong and cabbage consumption and diet programs to prevent
of individuals, but this further nutritional Basic Pillars of Public
white or cabbage 12 Health Sciences.
(40%) respectively. is of course problems.
While the highest fruit inseparable from
Yogyakarta: Nuha York: Oxford 17. Regulation of the
Medika. University Press. Minister of Health of
the Republic of
3. Almatsier, S. 2004. 9. Global Nurition Report. Indonesia Number 23
Basic Principles of 2015. Measures and of 2014 concerning
Nutrition. Jakarta: Accountability for Efforts to Improve
Printing PT Gramedia Promoting Nutrition Nutrition. Accessed at
Public Library. and Sustainable sinforeg.litbang.depke
Development. s.go.id, July 19, 2016.
4. Figures for Nutrition Washington DC.
Adequacy (RDA) . International Food 18. Soekirman. 2000. GIzi
2014. Recommended Policy Research Science and its
Nutrition Adequacy Institute. Accessed at Application for Family
Rate for the www.ifpri.org/.../glob and Society.
Indonesian nation. al-nutrition-report- Directorate of Higher
Director General of 2015, April 7, 2016. Education. Ministry of
Nutrition Education.
Development and 10. Hastono, S, P. 2006.
Maternal and Child Basic Data Analysis 19. Supariasa, I.D.N,
Health. RI Ministry of for Health Research. Bakri, B, Fajar, I. 2002.
Health. FKM UI. Assessment of
Nutritional Status.
5. Division of Food and 11. RI Ministry of Health. Medical Book
Nutrition Health 2015. Situation and Publishers, EGC,
Promotion and Nutrition Analysis. Jakarta
Protection Program Data and information
WHO 2003. Guiding Center. Jakarta. 20. WHO. 2015. World
Principles for Health Statistics.
Companion Foods for 12. Kartasapoetra & Geneva: WHO Press:
Breastfeeding Marsetyo. 2010. 2015. Accessed at
Children. Washington Nutrition. Jakarta: www.who.int/gho,
D.C: WHO. Accessed Rineka Cipta December 13, 2015.
at
www.who.int/nutritio 13. Khomsan, A. 2000.
n/.../guiding_principle Techniques for
s, April 10, 2016. Measuring Nutritional
Knowledge. Bogor.
6. Ernawati, A. 2006. Faculty of Agriculture
Relation of Socio- GMSK Department
Economic Factors, IPB.
Environmental
Sanitation Hygiene, 14. Moehji, S. 2003.
Consumption and Nutrition Science.
Infection Levels with Jakarta; Papas sinar
Nutritional Status of Sinanti-Bharatara.
Children 2-5 Years Old
in Semarang Regency.
[Thesis]. Postgraduate
Program at
Diponegoro
University, Semarang. 15. Notoadmodjo, S.
2003. Health
7. Gibney. 2009. Public education and
Health Nutrition. behavior. Jakarta:
Jakarta: Medical Book PT.Rineka Cipta.
EGC
16. Pandji, A. 2005. Work
8. Gibson, R.S. 2005. Psychology. Jakarta:
Principle of Nutrition Rineka Cipta
Assessment. New

Potrebbero piacerti anche