Answer Key

SECTION 6. FERMENTATION
1. ATP
2. electrons
3. hard exercise
4. oxygen
5. two
6. For a visual answer, refer to the lactic acid
fermentation diagram in Section 6. The
order of the four steps is: d, b, c, a
7. For a visual answer, refer to the alcoholic
fermentation diagram in Section 6. The
order of the four steps is: c, a, d, b
8. Uses pyruvate and NADH = Both;
Recycles NAD+ to glycolysis = Both;
Produces Lactic Acid = Lactic acid
fermentation; Produces alcohol and
carbon dioxide = Alcoholic Fermentation.
9. cheese, yogurt
10. bread
11. carbon dioxide
12. waste product; muscles

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Holt McDougal Biology Cells and Energy

Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Section 6: Fermentation

Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
Fermentation allows the production of a small amount of ATP without oxygen.

VOCABULARY

fermentation
lactic acid

MAIN IDEA: Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue.

1. Fermentation is important, because it allows glycolysis to continue making

_________ when oxygen is unavailable for cellular respiration.
2. Fermentation removes ____________ from NADH and recycles NAD+ to
glycolysis.
3. Fermentation takes place in your muscle cells during
_____________________________, when not enough oxygen is available.
4. Fermentation is an anaerobic process, because it occurs without
_______________.
5. Fermentation is involved in the production of ATP by allowing glycolysis to
take place. Glycolysis yields _______________ net ATP.
6. In the space below, draw the process of lactic acid fermentation and label it
with the statements listed.
a. NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis.
b. NADH is used to convert pyruvate into lactic acid.
c. NADH is changed into NAD+.
d. Pyruvate and glycolysis enter fermentation.
Lactic Acid Fermentation

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Holt McDougal Biology 1 Cells and Energy

Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________

Study Guide A continued

MAIN IDEA: Fermentation and its products are important in several ways.

7. In the space below, draw the process of alcoholic fermentation and label it
with the statements listed.
a. NADH is used to convert pyruvate into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
b. NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis.
c. Pyruvate and glycolysis enter fermentation.
d. NADH is changed into NAD+ .

Alcoholic Fermentation

8. Place a check mark in the appropriate boxes below to show how lactic acid
fermentation and alcoholic fermentation are similar and how they are different.
Lactic Acid Alcoholic
Fermentation Fermentation Both
Uses pyruvate and NADH
Recycles NAD+ to
glycolysis
Produces lactic acid
Produces alcohol and
carbon dioxide

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Holt McDougal Biology 2 Cells and Energy

Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________

Study Guide A continued

9. Name one commercial use of lactic acid fermentation. ________________

10. Name one commercial use of alcoholic fermentation. ________________

Vocabulary Check
Circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement.

11. The term fermentation is based on a word that means “to bubble.” This
meaning is related to the fermentation process, because bubbles of carbon
dioxide / oxygen are produced during alcoholic fermentation.
12. Lactic acid is the three-carbon reactant / waste product of lactic acid
fermentation. It causes a burning feeling in your muscles / blood vessels during
exercise

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Holt McDougal Biology 3 Cells and Energy