CVE 111 ELEMENTARY

STRUCTURES

ING. MICHAEL OKINE

 Method of Joints –Example

Using the method of

joints, determine the
force in each member of
the truss.
 Method of Joints –Example

Draw the free body

diagram of the truss and
solve for the equations

F x = 0 = Cx
Cx = 0 lb

F y = 0 = −2000 lb − 1000 lb + E + Cy
 E + Cy = 3000 lb
 Method of Joints
–Example

Solve the moment about C

M C = 0 = 2000 lb ( 24 ft ) + 1000 lb (12 ft ) − E ( 6 ft )

 E = 10000 lb
 C y = 3000 lb − 10000 lb = −7000 lb
 Method of Joints
–Example

Look at joint A

4
 Fy = 0 = − 5 FAD − 2000 lb
FAD = −2500 lb  FAD = 2500 lb ( C )
3 3
 Fx = 0 = 5 FAD + FAB = 5 ( −2500 lb ) + FAB
FAB = 1500 lb  FAB = 1500 lb ( T )
 Method of Joints
–Example

Look at joint D
4 4 4 4
 Fy = 0 = 5 FAD + 5 FDB = 5 ( −2500 lb ) + 5 FDB
FDB = 2500 lb  FDB = 2500 lb ( T )
3 3
 Fx = 0 = − 5 FAD + 5 FDB + FDE
−3 3
= ( −2500 lb ) + ( 2500 lb ) + FDE
5 5
FDE = −3000 lb  FDE = 3000 lb ( C )
 Method of Joints
–Example

Look at joint B 4 4
 y
F = 0 = −
5
FBD −
5
FBE − 1000 lb

4 4
= − ( 2500 lb ) − FDE − 1000 lb
5 5
FDE = −3750 lb  FDE = 3750 lb ( C )
3 3
 x
F = 0 = −
5
FBD − FBA +
5
FBE + FBC

−3 3
= ( −2500 lb ) − 1500 lb + ( −3750 lb ) + FBC
5 5
FBC = 5250 lb  FDE = 5250 lb ( T )
 Method of Joints
–Example

Look at joint E 4 4
 y
F = 0 = −
5
FEB +
5
FEC + 10000 lb

4 4
= − ( −3750 lb ) + FDE + 10000 lb
5 5
FEC = −8750 lb  FEC = 8750 lb ( C )
3 3
 x
F = 0 = −
5
FEB − FED +
5
FEC

3 3
= − ( −3750 lb ) − ( −3000 lb ) + FEC
5 5
FEC = −8750 lb  FEC = 8750 lb ( C )
 Method of Joints
–Example

Look at joint C to check the

solution 4
F = 0 = − FCE − 7000 lb
y
5
4
= − ( −8750 lb ) − 7000 lb = 0 OK!
5
3
 x
F = 0 = −
5
FCE − FCB + Cx

3
= − ( −8750 lb ) − ( 5250 lb ) + 0 = 0
5
 Method of Joints –Class Problem

Determine the forces BC,

DF and GE. Using the
method of Joints.
 Method of Sections -Truss

The method of joints is most effective when

the forces in all the members of a truss are to
be determined. If however, the force is only
one or a few members are needed, then the
method of sections is more efficient.
Few simple guidelines of section truss analysis:
• Pass a section through a maximum of 3 members of
the truss, 1 of which is the desired member where it
is dividing the truss into 2 completely separate parts,

• At 1 part of the truss, take moments about the point

(at a joint) where the 2 members intersect and solve
for the member force, using ∑ M = 0,

• Solve the other 2 unknowns by using the equilibrium

equation for forces, using ∑ Fx = 0 and ∑ Fy = 0.
 Method of Sections -Truss

If we were interested in
the force of member CE.
We can use a cutting line
or section to breakup the
truss and solve by taking
the moment about B.
Method of Sections – Example

Determine the forces in members FH, GH and GI

of the roof truss.
 Method of Sections – Example

Draw a free body diagram and solve for the

reactions.

Fx = 0 = RAx
RAx = 0 kN
RAx
L

Fy =0 RAy

 L + RAy = 20 kN
 Method of
Sections –
Example
RAx
Solve for the L

moment at A. RAy

M A = −6 kN ( 5 m ) − 6 kN (10 m ) − 6 kN (15 m )
−1 kN ( 20 m ) − 1 kN ( 25 m ) + L ( 30 m )
 L = 7.5 kN
 RAy = 12.5 kN
 Method of Sections – Example

Solve for the member GI. Take a cut between the

third and fourth section and draw the free-body
diagram.
8m lHI 10 m
=  lHI = (8 m )
15 m 10 m 15 m

lHI = 5.333 m
 8m 
 = tan −1   = 28.1o

 15 m 
Method of Sections –
Example

The free-body diagram of

the cut on the right side.

M H = −1 kN ( 5 m ) + 7.5 kN (10 m ) − FGI ( 5.333 m )

FGI = 13.13 kN  FGI = 13.13 kN ( T )

 Method of Sections – Example
Use the line of action of the forces and take the moment
about G it will remove the FGI and FGH and shift FFH to the
perpendicular of G.
 Method of
Sections –
Example
Take the moment at G

M G = −1 kN ( 5 m ) − 1 kN (10 m ) + 7.5 kN (15 m )

+ FFH cos ( 28.1o ) ( 8 m )

FFH = −13.82 kN  FFH = 13.82 kN ( C )

 Method of Sections – Example
Use the line of action of the forces and take the moment
about L it will remove the FGI and FFH and shift FGH to point
G.

 −5 m 
 = tan −1   = − 133.2 o

 −5.333 m 
 Method of
Sections –
Example
Take the moment at L

 L
M = 1 kN ( )
5 m + 1 kN (10 m ) GH (
+ F cos 43.2 o
) (15 m )

FGH = −1.372 kN  FGH = 1.372 kN ( C )

 Method of Sections – Class Problem

Determine the forces in members CD and CE using method of sections.

 Truss –Bonus Problem

Determine whether the

members are unstable,
determinate or
indeterminate.
 Truss –Bonus Problem

Determine the loads in

each of the members.
 Truss –Bonus Problem

Determine the loads in

each of the members.
 Truss –Bonus Problem

Determine the loads in

each of the members.