Arcadis Annual Construction Cost HandBook India 2016 PDF

INDIA 2017
Arcadis India Pvt Ltd

1
2
Tenth Edition 2017
© Arcadis India Pvt. Ltd.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may

be reproduced, copied, stored or transmitted in
any form without prior written permission from
Arcadis India Pvt Ltd.
The information contained herein should be

regarded as indicative and for general guidance
only. Arcadis India Pvt Ltd. makes no
representation, expressed or implied, with regard
to the accuracy of the information herein and
cannot accept any responsibility or liability for
any errors or omissions that may be made.
Unless otherwise stated, costs reflected in this

handbook are current as at 4th Quarter 2016.
Published by
Arcadis India Pvt Ltd.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Contents 4
Introduction 7
Calendars 8
1. INDIA – AN OVERVIEW
Key Data 15
Economy 20
Foreign Investment Policy 22
2. INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Overview 28
Infrastructure Development 30
Real Estate Development 33
Procurement Model and Contract Forms 34
Challenges Facing Real Estate 35
And Construction Industry
3. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

Preambles 38
Construction Cost For:
a. India 39
b. Major Cities in Asia 42
Construction Cost Specification 50
Unit Rates of Major Work Items 54
For Cities in Asia
M&E Costs For:
a. India 64
b. Major Cities in Asia 65
Basic Cost of Key Materials 72

Wages of Key Personnel 76
4. OTHER INFORMATION
Conversion Factors 80
IDD codes & Time differences 82
Relevant Websites 84
Exchange Rates 86
4 TABLE OF CONTENTS
5. ARCADIS
Arcadis Culture 90
Arcadis Offices 91
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
6
INTRODUCTION
Arcadis India Pvt Ltd has been involved in the
publication of construction costs handbooks for countries
such as China and Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia,
Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Singapore
and is also the editor of the Spon’s Asia Pacific
Construction Costs Handbook.
As in the previous editions, the Arcadis Handbook –

India 2017 focuses on the construction cost profile of
India and those of the major cities in Asia.
The handbook is structured to serve as a general

reference guide on construction cost indicators in India.
The information contained in this handbook has been

compiled by Arcadis India Pvt Ltd. Any further
information and/or if advice relating to particular
projects is required, please contact us at the
address given at the end of this handbook.
INTRODUCTION 7
CALENDARS
2016
January February
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29
31
March April
1 2 3 4 5 1 2
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
May June
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30
July August
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31
31
September October
1 2 3 1
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
November December
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
8 CALENDARS
2017
January February
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
29 30 31 26 27 28
March April
1 2 3 4 1
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
May June
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30
July August
1 1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 31
30 31
September October
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31
November December
1 2 3 4 1 2
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
26 27 28 29 30 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
CALENDARS 9
CALENDARS
2018
January February
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28
March April
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30
May June
1 2 3 4 5 1 2
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
July August
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 31
September October
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31
30
November December
1 2 3 1
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
10 CALENDARS
2019
January February
1 2 3 4 5 1 2
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28
March April
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
28 29 30
31
May June
1 2 3 4 1
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
July August
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
28 29 30 31
September October
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
29 30 27 28 29 30 31
November December
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31
CALENDARS 11
12
INDIA – AN OVERVIEW
1
Key Data
Economy
Foreign Investment Policy
1 INDIA – AN OVERVIEW
India is one of the oldest civilizations with a kaleidoscopic

variety and rich cultural heritage. It has achieved
multifaceted socio-economic progress since gaining
independence in 1947. Covering a landmass of
3,287,590 Square Kilometers extending from the
Himalayan heights to the tropical rain forests of the south.
As the seventh largest and second most populous
country in the world, India stands apart from the rest of
Asia. Bordering with Afghanistan and Pakistan to the
northwest, China, Bhutan and Nepal to the north,
Myanmar to the east and Bangladesh to the east of West
Bengal and Sri Lanka to the south, India is strategically
located.
India is a Sovereign Socialist Democratic Republic with

a federal parliamentary system of government. The
constitutional head of state is the President and head
of government is the Prime Minister. The federal
republic is governed in accordance with the Constitution
of India which came into force on 26th January 1950.
The federal republic consists of twenty-nine states and

seven union territories. The parliament is a bicamental
legislature: the lower house, the Lok Sabha, has 545
members, 543 single-member constituencies and 2
representatives of Anglo-Indians appointed by the
President; and the upper house, the Rajya Sabha, is
elected by the provincial legislatures.
KEY DATA
Government
Country Name : Republic of India

Head of State : President
Government Type : Federal Republic
Head of Government : Prime Minister
Capital City : New Delhi
Administrative Divisions : 29 States and 7 Union
Territories
Independence : 15th August 1947
Legal System : Based on Constitution
of India
Official Language : English/Hindi
National Language : Hindi
Geography
Geographic Coordinates : 22N, 77E
Location : Southern Asia
Total Area : 32,87,590 SqKm
Land Area : 29,73,190 SqKm
Water : 3,14,400 SqKm
Land Use : Arable Land 48.83%

Permanent Crops 2.8%
Others 48.37%
Irrigated Land : 1,797,990 SqKm

Coastline : 7,517 Km
Natural Resources : Coal (world 4th largest)

iron ore, manganese
(world 7th largest),
mica, bauxite
(world 5th largest),
titanium chromate,
natural gas, diamonds,
limestone, thorium
(world largest)
INDIA – AN OVERVIEW 15
Climate Type : Tropical monsoon with

four seasons; winter,
summer, monsoon or
rainy season and
post- monsoon season
People
Total Population : 1,266 million
Age Structure : 0 – 14 years 27.71%
15 – 54 years 58.9%
55 & above 13.39%

Population Growth Rate : 1.20%
Median Age : Total 27.6 years
Male 26.9 years
Female 28.3 years
Life Expectancy
: Total 68.50 years
Male 67.30 years
Female 69.80 years
Urban Population
Delhi : 25.70 million
Mumbai : 21.04 million

Kolkata : 11.76 million
Chennai : 9.62 million
Bangalore : 10.08 million
Ethnic Group : Hindus 80.5%
Muslims 13.4%
Christians 2.3%
Sikhs 1.9%
Buddhists 0.8%
Jains 0.4%
Others 0.6% and
Unspecified 0.1%
Languages : Hindi 41%
Bengali 8.1%
Telugu 7.2%
Marathi 7%
Tamil 5.9%
Urdu 5%
Gujarati 4.5%
Kannada 3.7%
Others 17.6%
Literacy (Definition- : Total Population 75%

Age 15 and over can
read and write) Male 83%
Female 67%
Population below poverty : 29.5%
line
Labour Force : 513.70 million
Labour Force by Occupation : Agriculture 49%
Industry 20%
Services 31%
Unemployment Rate : 3.8%
Economy
Monetary Unit : Indian Rupees (Rs)
Currency Code : INR
Exchange Rate to : 84.32 INR
British Pound
USD : 67.72 INR
Euro : 73.01 INR
Inflation Rate : 4.97%
Fiscal Year : 1 April – 31 March
GDP (Purchasing Power : $ 5.73 trillion

Parity)
GDP (Official Exchange : $ 1.67 trillion
Rate)
GDP Real Growth Rate : 7.3%
GDP per Capita : $ 1,7501,625
GDP Composition by Sector : Agriculture 16.5%
Industry 29.8%
Services 53.7%
Trade
Total Exports : $ 262.29 billion
Major Export Commodities : Goods, Textile goods,
Chemicals, Gems
& Jewellery, Leather
manufactures
Export Partners : US 15.37%,
UAE 11.5%,
China 3.45%,
Hong Kong 4.61%
Saudi Arabia 2.43%,
Total Imports : $ 381.00 billion
Major Import Commodities : Crude Oil, Chemicals,

Fertilizer and Gems
Import Partners : China 16.19%,
Saudi Arabia 5.33%,
UAE 5.10%,
US 5.71%,
Switzerland 5.06%
International Airports : Delhi,
Mumbai,
Bangalore,
Hyderabad,
Chennai,
Kolkata,
Trivandrum,
Cochin,
Ahmedabad,
Guwahati,
Amritsar,
Goa.
Major Seaports : Kandla,

Nhava Seva,
Mumbai,
Marmagao,
Panambur,
Cochin,
Port Blair,
Tuticorn,
Chennai,
Vizag,
Paradip,
Haldia.
ECONOMY
The Indian economy has been growing at an average
rate of 7% per year. The long-term growth prospective
of the Indian economy is positive due to its young
population, corresponding low dependency ratio,
healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing
integration into the global economy. The Indian
economy has the potential to become the world's 3rd-
largest economy by the next decade, and one of the
largest economies by mid-century. And the outlook for
short-term growth is also good as according to the
IMF, the Indian economy is the "bright spot" in the
global landscape. India also topped the World Bank’s
growth outlook for 2015-16 for the first time with the
economy having grown 7.6% in 2015-16 and slightly
declined to 7.1% in 2016-17.
Sectorial GDP Growth
Agriculture and Allied Activities Industry Services
9.4
8.8
8.2
7.3
6.5
5.2
4.2
1.2
2013-14 -0.2 2014-15 2015-16

Source: Central Statistics Office
* Quick Estimates
# Revised Estimates
Contribution to GDP Growth

70.0 9.0
8.0
60.0
7.0
50.0
6.0
40.0 5.0
30.0 4.0
3.0
20.0
2.0
10.0
1.0
0.0 0.0
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Agriculture
Source: Central Statistics Office
Industry
* Quick Estimates
# Revised Estimates Services
GDP
Services Contribution to GDP
100.0%
Public administration,
90.0% 21% 21% 20% defence and other services
80.0%
Financial, real estate and
professional services
70.0%
34% 34% 35%

60.0% Trade, Hotels, transport,
communication and service
50.0% related to broadcosting
Construction
40.0%
30.0% 31% 31% 31%
20.0%
Source: Central
10.0%
15% 14% 14% Statistics Office
* Quick Estimates
0.0% # Revised Estimates
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Following the liberalization policy in 1990, the

Government of India opened up the market through
economic reforms and by easing governmental
controls on foreign trade and investment.
The Indian economy is characterized by a large young
workforce which makes it dynamic and expansive. it is
very diverse, with a wide range of sectors:
manufacturing, handicrafts, textiles and services
sectors. The advancement of information technology
and the abundance of young well educated populace
versed in English, is transforming India into an
important destination for all major international
companies for software development and technical
support services. India is a major exporter of highly-
skilled software professional.
India is also expected to make considerable progress
in other areas such as pharmaceuticals,
manufacturing, tourism, aviation, telecommunications
and biotechnology.
Challenges for Indian Economy

•Controlling Inflation
•Equitable spreading of growth benefits
•Completing investment projects which are
essential for the long-term development of the
economy
•Managing the global financial
FOREIGN INVESTMENT POLICY
The following are some of the highlights of the Fore ign
Direct Investment (FDI) Policy in the real estate sector:
• 100% FDI is allowed in townships, housing,
built-up infrastructure and construction
development projects of over 20,000m2
• Capital must be brought into India within 6
months of incorporation of JV or subsidiary
• Repatriation of original investment allowed
after completing the basic trunk infrastructure
such as roads, water supply, street lighting,
drainage and sewage.
• Sale of undeveloped land is not permitted
• In case of development of serviced plots, the
condition of minimum land of 10 hectares has
been completely removed.
• Minimum capital investment has been bought
down to USD 5 million from USD 10 million
• 100% FDI is allowed in single brand retail
outlets and 100% in cash-and-carry through
automatic route.
FDI Infrastructure Equity Limit:
Real Estate (Townships) 100%
Roads 100%
Power 100%
Airports 74%
Mining 74%
Telecom 100%
Airlines 74%
Banks (Private) 74%
Insurance 26%
Single Brand Retail 100%
Defence 49%
Pension Sector 49%
Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
SEZs are specially delineated duty free enclaves for
the purpose of trade, operations, duty and tariffs. A
SEZ may be set-up in the public, private, or joint sector
and/or by a state government. There are about 98
functional SEZs in the country including those
converted from the Export Processing Zones. SEZs
have been developed in various segments such as
multi-products, IT/ITES, biotechnology, gems and
jewellery and technology intensive areas. The policy
allows 100% FDI in most manufacturing activities.
Developments in SEZ qualify for approval through
automatic routes subject to sectorial norms. Details of
the type of activities permitted are available in the
Foreign Trade Policy issued by the Department of
Commerce. Proposals not covered under the
automatic route require approval by the Foreign
Investment Promotion Board (FIPB).
Facilities to SEZ Units

• SEZ units may import or procure from the
domestic sources, duty free, all their
requirement of capital goods, raw materials,
consumables, office equipment, etc., for
setting up of units or further operations without
any license or specific approval
• Goods imported/procured locally duty free
could be utilized over the approval period of
five years
• 100% Income Tax exemption on export
income for SEZ units under Section 10AA of
the Income Tax Act for first 5 years, 50% for
next 5 years thereafter and 50% of the
ploughed back export profit for next 5 years
• 100% FDI is allowed in the manufacturing

sector in SEZ units under the automatic route
except sectors requiring an industrial license.
100% FDI is allowed in items reserved for
small scale units
• Exemption from Minimum Alternate Tax
(MAT).
• External Commercial Borrowing (ECB) by SEZ
units up to USD500 million per year without
any maturity restriction through recognised
banking channels.
• Exemption from Central Sales Tax.
• Exemption from Service Tax.
• Single window clearance for Central and State
level approvals.
• Exemption from State sales tax and other
levies as extended by the respective state
governments.
Breakdown of SEZ by Sector

16
33
4
5 11
5
7
5
Services Construction Development IT/ITES
Pharma Automobile Chemicals
Power Trading Mettalurgical
Others
25
26
INDIAN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
2
Overview
Infrastructure Development
Real Estate Development
Procurement Model And Contract Forms
Challenges Facing Real Estate And

Construction Industry
2 INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
OVERVIEW
Construction in India has historical significance
and finds remarkable place in Indian history. World
wonders such as the Taj Mahal and ancient
temples are classic examples of construction
achievements in ancient times.
During the period of British rule and post-
independence India, the construction industry was
dominated by the government and this domination
continued up to the mid-1990s. The subsequent
change in foreign investment policies accelerated
industrialization, foreign investment and
subsequent demand for buildings and
infrastructure.
Indian Construction Industry today is the second
largest economic activity in the country, followed
by agriculture. Construction with linkage to other
industries has generated employment for more
than 40 million people in the country.
The cost structure of the construction industry is
principally dominated by raw material costs and
sub-contracting costs. Raw-material cost which is
the major cost component, accounts approximately
30% to 50% of the total cost and sub-contracting
cost accounts approximately 20% to 40%. The
consumption of steel and cement by the
construction industry has also shown an increase
of 16% and 10% respectively between 2002 and
2007. Prior to the global economic crisis, India has
experienced an unprecedented rise in the price of
these two raw materials resulting in a significant
increase in the construction cost trend. However,
prices of these two materials have reduced
considerably in 2009 by upto 20% and 25%
respectively, resulting in a downward trend in
construction cost. Prices of these two materials
started to increase in early 2010 and current
material price remains volatile.
The construction sector has been contributing
around 8% to India’s GDP for the last five years.
The planning commission of India is targeting a
double digit growth in the economy for the 12th
Five Year Plan.

A huge growth in infrastructure (an investment of
approximately $1 trillion) is planned during this
term and nearly half of this investment will be
contributing to the construction sector. These
investments would be achieved through a
combination of Public and Public-Private
Partnerships.
29
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
1. Roads
India has 3.3 million kilometres of road out of which
200 kilometres comprises expressways and
92,851 kilometres comprises national highways.
The road network carries approximately 80% of
the total passenger traffic and 65% of total freight
traffic. The National Highways Authority of India
(NHAI) is currently implementing an US$ 12 billion
national highway development projects. Some of
the major developments planned by NHAI are:
•Six-laning of the Golden Quadrilateral –
5,846 kms connecting Delhi-Kolkata-
Chennai-Mumbai and;
•Four-laning North-South and East-West
Corridors 7,300 kms connecting Kashmir
to Kanyakumari including Salem to Cochin
and Silchar to Porbandar; spanning the
length and breadth of the country.
2. Railways
The Indian Railway system is the World’s fourth
largest rails network and the largest rails network
in Asia. It comprises of over 115,000 track
kilometers and runs about 10,000 trains everyday
carrying an estimated 25 million passengers and
2.8 million tonnes of freights. A large proportion
of the capital investment is proposed to be
raised through Public-Private Partnerships.
3. Ports
Considerable private investment has started
flowing into the Indian port sector. A number of
existing facilities have been taken over by private
players and many new facilities have also been set
up at existing ports. Two new ports (Mundra and
Pipavav in Gujarat) have also been constructed by
the private sector.
India currently has 12 major ports and 200
minor/intermediate ports spread across the vast
coastline of 7,517 kms. They handle almost 90%
of India’s total foreign trade.
The current handling capacity of the ports in the
country is around 600 million tonnes. This has
been achieved through construction of a new port
at Ennore and a mechanized coal handling facility
at Paradip. These two facilities entailed an
investment of around US$ 394 million.

The government of India has announced a
combined US$ 110 billion package to develop its
ports and ship building industry by 2020.
4. Airports
India has 126 airports: of these 12 are designated
as international airports. The top 5 airports in the
country handle 70% of the passenger traffic.
The government has embarked on a number of
upgrading and new airport development projects
which have been made available for FDI. Key
factors driving airport development are listed
below:
•Passenger traffic is projected to grow at a

Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
of over 15% in the next 5 years. Expecting
100 million passengers per annum
(p.a)over the next 5 years
•Cargo traffic to grow at approximately 20%
p.a over the next five years
•Favourable demographics and rapid
economic growth point to a continued
boom in domestic passenger traffic and
international outbound traffic.
•Indian private airline accounts for around
60% of the domestic passenger traffic.
•Estimated investment of about Rs.40,000
Crores (US$ 9billion) for airport
development over the next 5 years.
•100% FDI is permissible in existing
airports; FDI beyond 74% requires FIPB
approval.
•100% tax exemption for airport projects for
a period of 10 years.
INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 31

5. Power
India presently has a huge shortfall in power
generating requirements to support the economic
and population growth. Some key features are as
follows:
•Transmission and Distribution Network of

5.7 million circuit km – the 3rd largest in
the world
•57% of the installed generation capacity
comes from coal-fired plants, followed by
25% from hydro power, 10% gas based,
3% from nuclear energy and 5% from
renewable sources.
•100% FDI is permitted in Generation,
Transmission and Distribution
•Total investment opportunity of about US$
200 billion over a seven year horizon.

REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT
The real estate development in India has grown

considerably since 2003 and peaked in 2007. The
sector development slowed down in 2008 as a result of
the global economic turmoil and showed a drastic
slowdown in the first half of 2009. Faced with reduction
in demand, housing prices dropped drastically. The
early 2010 showed a comeback in the property sector
and the outlook for the sector currently looks
promising; however the uncertainties in the global
economy may affect the FDI investments in the real
estate sector.
Residential space constitutes of almost about 80% of
the real estate developed in India. The IT/ITES sector
and the organized retail industry would require an
estimated space of 150 million sqft and 200 millio n sqft
respectively pan-India in the next 2 years. Hospitality
sector also shows similar increase in requirements.
The key demand drivers in the various real estate
segments are:
•
India’s emergence as an attractive off-shoring
destination for software development
•
Availability of highly skilled manpower
•
High disposable income and increasing
aspirations for quality residential space
•
Entry of global brands and professional
players
•
Improvement in infrastructure
•
Real estate as an investment option
•
Relaxed government and legal processes

PROCUREMENT MODEL AND CONTRACT
FORMS
In both public and private sectors, most of the

construction projects are procured based on
competitive tendering.
The following are the commonly adopted procurement
routes in India:
1. Conventional Contract based on Bills of
Quantities/Lump Sum
2. Design and Build Contract
3. Construction Management Contract
4. Management Contract
Commonly used contract forms are:
•
FIDIC suite of Contracts (EPC/Turnkey/Short
Form)
•
Indian Institute of Architects Forms
•
Central Public Works Department Forms
•
Municipal Bodies Forms

CHALLENGES FACING REAL ESTATE AND
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES
•Land Ownership and Title Issues

•High Transaction Cost
•Slow Approval Process
•Liquidity Risk
•Property Market Transparency Risk
•Supply and Demand on Material and Labour
•Shortage of Technical Supervisory/Skilled
Labour

36
CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
3
Preambles
Construction Costs For India
Construction Costs For Major Cities in Asia
Construction Cost Specification
Unit Rates Of Major Work Items For Cities In Asia
M&E Costs For India
M&E Costs For Major Cities In Asia
Basic Cost Of Key Materials
Wages Of Key Personnel

3 CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
PREAMBLES
The construction costs for the respective categories

given on the following pages are average costing at
4th Quarter 2016. They are based on interpolation of
competitive tenders received.
The construction cost serves as a guide for preliminary

cost appraisal and budgeting. It must be understood
that the actual cost of building will depend upon t he
design and many other factors and may vary from the
figures shown. The costs per square meters are based
on construction floor areas measured to the outside
face of the external walls/external perimeter including
lift shafts, stairwells, plant rooms, water tanks and the
like.
All buildings are assumed to have no basements

(unless otherwise stated) and are built on flat ground,
with normal soil conditions and minimal external works.
The costs exclude the following:
•Professional fees
•Authorities processing and approval charges
•Land cost
•Financing charges
•Administrative expenses
•Legal costs and disbursements
•Demolition of existing building/s
•Loose furniture and fittings
•Operating equipment
•Cost escalation
•Value Added Tax (VAT) and Service Tax

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR INDIA
2
BUILDING TYPE Rs / m US $ / m2
DOMESTIC
Apartments, high
rise, average 34,650 - 39,600 525 - 600
standard
Apartments, high
52,470 - 63,030 795 - 955
rise, high end
Terraced houses,
23,760 - 25,410 360 - 385
average standard
Detached houses,
31,350 - 33,000 475 - 500
high end
OFFICE/COMME
RCIAL
Medium/high rise
offices, average 26,070 - 28,380 395 - 430
standard
High rise offices,

32,670 - 34,650 495 - 525
prestige quality
Out-of-town
shopping centre, 25,410 - 27,720 385 - 420
average standard
Retail malls, high

35,640 - 38,610 540 - 585
end
INDUSTRIAL
Industrial units,
shell only
(Conventional 20,460 - 24,090 310 - 365
single storey
framed units)
Owner operated
factories, low rise,
21,780 - 25,410 330 - 385
light weight
industry
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-
49,170 - 54,450 745 - 825
star, mid market
Business hotels -
76,560 - 90,750 1,160 - 1,375
4/5-star
Luxury hotels - 5-
96,690 - 105,930 1,465 - 1,605
star
Exchange Rate US$1 = INR66
CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 39

2
BUILDING TYPE Rs / m US $ / m2
OTHERS
Underground/base
ment car parks (<3 17,160 - 18,480 260 - 280
levels)
Multi storey car

parks, above 13,200 - 14,520 200 - 220
ground (<4 levels)
Schools (primary
16,500 - 18,480 250 - 280
and secondary)
Students'
18,480 - 20,460 280 - 310
residences
Sports clubs, multi

purpose
sports/leisure
36,300 - 37,950 550 - 575
centres (dry sports)
with a/c and
including FF&E
General hospitals -
39,600 - 43,560 600 - 660
public sector
The foregoing construction costs are based on

Bangalore.

Cost Indices for Other Major Indian Cities
The construction costs indicated are based on

Bangalore cost. For other major cities, the following %
adjustment factors apply.
CITY +-%
Mumbai +8
Delhi +5
Kolkata -2
Chennai -1
Hyderabad -1
Pune -1

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR MAJOR CITIES IN
ASIA
BUILDING TYPE INDIA
DOMESTIC US $ / M2
Apartments, high rise, average standard 525-600
Apartments, high rise, high end 795-955
Terraced houses, average standard 360-385
Detached houses, high end 475-500
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices, average standard 395-430
High rise offices, prestige quality 495-525
Out-of-town shopping centre, average standard 385-420
Retail malls, high end 540-585
INDUSTRIAL
Industrial units, shell only (Conventional single
310-365
storey framed units)
Owner operated factories, low rise, light weight
330-385
industry
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 745-825
Business hotels - 4/5-star 1,160-1,375
Luxury hotels - 5-star 1,465-1,605
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) 260-280
Multi storey car parks, above ground (<4 levels) 200-220
Schools (primary and secondary) 250-280
Students' residences 280-310

Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure
550-575
centres (dry sports) with a/c and including FF&E
General hospitals - public sector 600-660
Exchange Rate US$1 = INR 66

KUALA
BANGKOK BRUNEI JAKARTA
LUMPUR
US $ / M2 US $ / M2 US $ / M2 US $ / M2
340-475 614-742 805-1,105 692-784
715-855 913-1,085 994-1,294 954-1,077
205-295 428-514 520-821 367-477
695-860 742-899 792-1,092 998-1,116
560-650 599-742 805-1,105 683-756
805-1,100 785-999 1,138-1,438 1,007-1,124
495-595 585-756 781-1,081 587-650
625-795 785-813 1,030-1,330 648-700
300-375 457-571 371-672 316-343
400-455 N/A 505-806 342-377
935-1,305 1,071-1,184 1,521-1,821 1,186-1,402
1,615-1,890 1,370-1,570 2,146-2,446 1,620-1,750
1,800-2,095 1,598-1,712 2,203-2,503 1,725-1,943
335-460 514-671 N/A 486-597
210-255 171-274 412-713 316-343
235-270 N/A 603-904 N/A
275-305 N/A 706-1,006 N/A
540-625 N/A 1,623-1,924 1,064-1,595
805-1,000 N/A 1,824-2,125 N/A
RM.4.41 BAHT 35.04 B$ 1.37 IDR 13,055

ASIA
BUILDING TYPE MANILA
DOMESTIC US $ / M2
Apartments, high rise, high end 1,200-1,490
Detached houses, high end 1,500-1,950
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
High rise offices, prestige quality 1,280-1,390
Retail malls, high end 1,100-1,250
INDUSTRIAL
450-460
560-650
industry
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 1,200-1,370
OTHERS

1,200-1,450
General hospitals - public sector 1,350-1,500
Exchange Rate US$1 = PHP 48.60

SINGAPORE HONGKONG BEIJING** SHANGHAI**
US $ / M2 US $ / M2 US $ / M2 US $ / M2
1,320-1,500 3,140-3,690 593-652 634-704
2,035-3,035 4,240-4,940 1,482-1,690 1,550-1,693
1,715-1,930 4,310-5,030 432-506 425-454
2,180-2,895 5,580-6,350 655-730 637-708
1,715-1,930# 3,080-3,650 845-1,142 845-1,127
1,930-2,110# 3,820-4,710 1,142-1,882 1,127-1,409
1,930-2,035 3,140-3,690 655-879 N/A
2,035-2,250 4,180-4,960 1,171-1,615 1,198-1,549
715-930 N/A 506-581 491-560
N/A 2,410-3,060 N/A N/A
2,145-2,360 4,010-4,330 948-1,171 916-1,127
2,750-3,110 4,210-4,970 1,615-2,060 1,549-2,112
2,750-3,110 4,920-5,710 2,060-2,653 2,112-2,535
930-1,250 2,370-2,950 730-804 708-993
645-930^ 1,470-1,730 432-506 353-496
N/A 2,590-2,810 506-655 496-637
1,570-1,715 2,540-2,950 357-506 353-496
1,965-2,110 3,970-4,490 875-1,171 916-1,127
2,750-2,895 5,130-5,830 1,171-1,468 1,409-1,830
S$ 1.40 HK$ 7.80 RMB 6.78 RMB 6.78
**Detached houses and bungalows and terraced houses are build to

shell and core only. Rates are exclusive of contingencies.

ASIA
SHENZHEN/
BUILDING TYPE GUANGZHOU**
DOMESTIC US $ / M2
Apartments, high rise, high end 816-898
Detached houses, high end 507-559
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
High rise offices, prestige quality 982-1,086
Retail malls, high end 1,003-1,108
INDUSTRIAL
466-513
N/A
industry
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 923-1,019
OTHERS

695-768
General hospitals - public sector N/A
Exchange Rate US$1 = RMB 6.78

CHONGQING/ HO CHI
MACAU SEOUL
CHENGDU** MINH
US $ / M2 US $ / M2 US $ / M2 US $ / M2
445-593 2,143-2,632 1,316-1,598 610-760
786-1,022 3,008-4,586 1,581-1,966 775-895
373-522 3,672-4,373 N/A 410-480
506-596 4,461-5,802 2,145-3,282 470-570
742-889 2,481-3,195 1,171-1,368 710-825
963-1,335 3,195-3,496 1,350-1,709 820-1,120
596-789 2,311-3,496 1,103-1,752 N/A
963-1,364 3,672-4,398 1,282-2,137 665-870
417-522 N/A 641-821 305-380
N/A N/A N/A 360-475
885-1,106 3,258-3,684 1,598-2,026 1,330-1,620
1,549-1,991 4,424-5,288 2,239-3,868 N/A
N/A 5,288-6,253 2,487-3,974 1,725-2,000
N/A 1,930-2,845 915-1,094 605-725
268-342 1,065-1,404 564-774 385-425
N/A 2,130-2,481 1,282-1,538 505-555
N/A 1,704-1,967 1,342-1,462 505-655
N/A N/A N/A 755-805
N/A N/A N/A N/A
RMB 6.35 MOP 7.98 KRW 1,170 VND 22,600
**Detached houses and bungalows and terraced houses are build to

shell and core only. Rates are exclusive of contingencies.

3
48
1. The costs for the respective categories given above are averages based on fixed price competitive tenders. It must be understood
that the actual cost of a building will depend upon the design and many other factors and may vary from the figures shown.
2. The costs per square metre are based on Construction Floor Areas (CFA) measured to the outside face of the external walls /
external perimeter including lift shafts, stairwells, balconies, plant rooms, water tanks and the like.
3. All buildings are assumed to have no basements (except otherwise stated) and are built on flat ground, with normal soil and site
condition. The cost excludes site formation works, external works, land cost, professional fees, finance and legal expenses.
4. The standard for each category of building varies from region to region and do not necessary follow that of each other.
5. All costs are in US$/m2 CFA. Fluctuation in exchange rates may lead to changes in construction costs expressed in U.S. dollars.
Additional Notes:
Singapore Rates are nett of GST and exclusive of contingencies # Includes raised floor and ceiling to tenanted areas but excludes office
carpets (normally under tenant's fit-out) ^ Open on all sides with parapet
Hong Kong Rates are exclusive of contingencies. Offices of average standard are built to the following provisions:
(i) Curtain wall/window wall facad (ii) Tenant are with screeded floor, painted wall and ceiling
Schools (primary and secondary) are of public authority standard, no a/c and complete with basic external works.
Macau Rates are exclusive of contingencies and any management contract fee
India Rates are based on projects in Bangalore and are nett of VAT and Service Tax. Mumbai costs are generally 8% higher.
Ho Chi Minh Rates are nett of VAT and contingencies
Manila Rates are exclusive of contingencies & include 12% VAT

Bangkok Rates exclude VAT and contingencies
Jakarta Rates are nett of VAT
Seoul Rates are nett of VAT and exclusive of contingencies
Beijing, Shanghai, Rates are exclusive of contingencies.
Guangzhou/Shenzhen, Houses are built to shell and core standard ONLY, where all tenant or occupant areas are unfurnished.
Chongqing/Chengdu, Schools (primary and secondary) are of public authority standard, no a/c and complete with basic external works.

49
CONSTRUCTION COSTS SPECIFICATION
BUILDING TYPE
DOMESTIC
Apartments, high rise, average standard
Apartments, high rise, high end
Terraced houses, average standard
Detached houses, high end
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices, average standard
High rise offices, prestige quality
Out-of-town shopping centre, average standard
Retail malls, high end
INDUSTRIAL
Industrial units, shell only (Conventional single storey framed

units)
Owner operated factories, low rise, light weight industry
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market
Business hotels - 4/5-star
Luxury hotels - 5-star

OUTLINE SPECIFICATION
Apartment units with fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen

cabinets and home appliances, but excluding decorat ive light
fittings and loose furniture
Apartment units with good quality fit-out, including air-

conditioning, kitchen cabinets and home appliances, but
excluding decorative light fittings and loose furniture
Houses with fit-out, including air-conditioning, ktichen cabinets

and home appliances, but excluding decorative light fittings,
loose furniture, garden and parking
Houses with good quality fit-out, including air-conditioning,

kitchen cabinets and home appliances, but excluding
decorative light fittings, loose furniture, garden and parking
RC structure, curtain wall, including public area fit-out, tenant

area with raised floor/carpet, painted wall and false ceiling
Including public area fit-out and M&E, but excluding shop fit-
out
RC structure with steel roof and M&E to main distribution, but

excluding a/c, heating and lighting
RC structure, including small office with simple fit-out and

M&E, but excluding a/c and heating
1) Interior decoration
2) Furniture (fixed and movable)
3) Special light fittings (chandeliers, etc.)
4) Operating Supplies and Equipment (OS&E) excluded.

CONSTRUCTION COSTS SPECIFICATION
BUILDING TYPE
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels)
Multi storey car parks, above ground (<4 levels)
Schools (primary and secondary)
Students' residences
Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure centres (dry sports)
General hospitals - public sector

OUTLINE SPECIFICATION
RC structure
RC structure, natural ventilation, no facade enclosure
Including fit-out and a/c, but excluding educational equipment
Including fit-out, loose furniture and a/c
Dry sports (no swimming pool) and are for 'leisurecentre' type
schemes including main sports hall, ancillary sports facilities,
changing and showers, restaurant / cafe, bar, etc. Costs
include a/c, Furniture, Fittings and Equipment (FF&E).
Excluding medical and operating equipment

UNIT RATES OF MAJOR WORK ITEMS FOR
SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
DESCRIPTION
1. Excavating basement not exceeding 2m deep
2. Excavating for footings not exceeding 1.5m deep
3. Remove excavated materials off site
4. Hardcore bed blinded with fine materials
5. Mass concrete grade 15
6. Reinforced concrete grade 30
7. Mild steel rod reinforcement
8. High tensile rod reinforcement
9. Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabs
10. Sawn formwork to columns and walls
11. 112.5mm thick brick walls
12. "Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled steel sheeting
13. Aluminium casement windows, single glazed
14. Structural steelwork - beams, stanchions and the like
15. Steelwork - angles, channels, flats and the like
16. 25mm Cement and sand (1:3) paving
17. 20mm Cement and sand (1:4) plaster to walls
18. Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed (m/s)
19. 12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling lining
20. Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfac es
Average expected preliminaries

@ KUALA
INDIA BANGKOK#
LUMPUR
UNIT INR RM BAHT
m3 185 15-22 140
m3 210 15-22 160
m3 NA 20-25 120
m3 4,350 60-70 650
m3 5,850 240-280 2,200
m3 7,150 260-320 2,400
kg 66 2.90-3.00 23
kg 68 2.90-3.00 22
m2 650 38-45 420
m2 700 38-45 420
m2 1,050 45-52 450
m2 1,650 55-60 1,200
m2 5,750 350-500 7,000
kg 110 6.50-8.00 55
kg 110 6.50-8.00 55
m2 450 15-22 200
m2 380 15-22 220
m2 1,650 50-70 1,200
m2 1,300 35-45 550
m2 230 3.50-4.50 120
% 8-12 6-12 12-18
Additional Notes:
India: All rates above are Supply & Fix based on
projects in Bangalore and are nett of VAT and Service
Tax. Mumbai costs are generally 8% higher.
Kuala Lumpur: Nil.
Bangkok: Rates are nett of VAT.

DESCRIPTION

#
BRUNEI JAKARTA MANILA
UNIT B$ RP’ 000 PHP
m3 3.50 35 250
m3 3.00 60 280
m3 3.00 25 145
m3 43 400 850
m3 115 1000 2,800
m3 130 980 3,600
kg 0.90 8 41
kg 0.90 8 42
,m2 15 190 1,000
m2 15 170 950
m2 16 200 N/A
m2 58 250 1,100
m2 160-210 1,500 10,500
kg 3.10 21 125
kg 3.10 21 125
m2 8 80 400
m2 8 90 360
m2 33 160 1,600
m2 28 180 1,090
m2 5 25 370
% 5-8 8-10 12-18
Additional Notes:
Brunei: Nil.
Jakarta: Rates are nett of VAT.
Item 19: 9mm Gypsum Board.
Manila: Item 13: Aluminium with anodized finish; 6mm thick

DESCRIPTION

SINGAPORE
HONGKONG BEIJING
**
UNIT S$ HK$ RMB
m3 20 225 26
m3 20 205 31
m3 15-20 280 37
m3 50 950 170
m3 190-200 1,150 433
m3 125-135 1,350 430
kg 1-1.2 9.2 4.1
kg 1-1.2 9.2 4.1
m2 42 420 85
m2 42 420 73
m2 35-40 420 72
m2 43 880 N/A
m2 290 3,500 815
kg 4.5-5.5 34 9.35
kg 4.5-5.5 38 8.50
m2 21 140 27
m2 22 150 28
m2 74 380 140
m2 30 570 162
m2 3.5-4.0 65 32
% 13-17 10-15 7-10
Additional Notes:
Singapore: Rates are nett of GST.
Item 5 - Rate for lean concrete blinding
Hong Kong: Item 3 - Rate including dumping charges
Beijing: Item 13 - Rate for double glazed window

DESCRIPTION

SHENZHEN/
CHONGQING
SHANGHAI GUANG-
/ CHENGDU
ZHOU
UNIT RMB RMB RMB
m3 30 30 18
m3 30 25 25
m3 100-180 65 58
m3 165 180 160
m3 320 460 300
m3 420 498 320
kg 3.8 5.3 3.7
kg 3.8 5.3 3.7
m2 85 80 50
m2 85 80 50
m2 85 60 65
m2 N/A N/A N/A
m2 700 525 600
kg 8.5 12.2 8.3
kg 7.5 8.4 8.3
m2 30 30 22
m2 30 25 32
m2 155 150 120
m2 150 180 120
m2 40 30 35
% 5-10 5-10 5-10

DESCRIPTION

HO CHI
MACAU SEOUL*
MINH*
UNIT MOP KRW VND
m3 130 1,990 92,400
m3 150 1,990 92,400
m3 100 10,100 84,700
m3 1,200 30,000 280,900
m3 1,350 66,000 1,696,400
m3 1,250 80,000 1,955,800
kg 7 1,280 16,800
kg 7 1,310 16,000
m2 250 30,000 201,800
m2 250 30,000 198,900
m2 450 46,000 312,780

401,110-
m2 N/A 40,000
597,600
m2 4,000 330,000 6,315,000
kg 35 1,710 52,650
kg 40 1,710 52,650
m2 120 3,200 73,200
m2 150 9,500 144,000
m2 450 66,000 674,180
m2 650 27,000 205,920
m2 200 8,100 88,900
% 10 6-11 8-12
Additional Notes:
Seoul: Rates include labour costs and are nett of VAT
Ho Chi Minh: Rates are nett of VAT
Macau: Nil

M&E COSTS FOR INDIA
BUILDING TYPE INDIA
2
MECHANICAL SERVICES INR / m
Offices 4,450-6,300
Industrial* 2,050-3,650
Hotels 5,450-5,950
Shopping Centres 4,250-5,565
Apartment 2,430-3,000
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices 3,915-5,405
Industrial** 2,315-3,850
Hotels 4,375-5,955
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices 690-1,045
Industrial** 470-825
Hotels 3,585-5,400
FIRE SERVICES
Offices 1,095-1,430
Hotels 1,275-1,630
Apartment 580-695
LIFTS/ESCALOTORS
Offices 910-1,160
Hotels 1,325-1,925
Apartment 825-1,050
Costs are at 4th Quarter 2016 levels, exclusive of

contingencies unless else stated.
Note:
* Generally Without AC
** Excludes Special Power Supply

M&E COSTS FOR MAJOR CITIES IN ASIA
KUALA BANGKOK #
## BRUNEI JAKARTA
LUMPUR
2 2 2 2
RM / m BAHT / m B$ / m RP’000 / m
360-520 4,400-4,800 179-224 995-1,130
85-190 1,550-1,600 23-39 295-695
300-585 4,600-5,100 289-333 990-1,285
320-510 4,400-4,800 205-244 840-1,015
195-285 4,400-4,500 212-244 935-1,100
310-515 3,400-3,800 231-289 770-1,035

144-190 1,950-2,200 192-231 440-685
285-600 3,800-4,500 289-377 800-1,100
310-500 2,800-3,200 277-314 675-850
105-220 2,800-3,350 249-314 880-1,030
26-60 790-910 16-39 185-285

37-46 750-790 11-19 110-200
180-250 1,400-1,650 60-83 935-1,100
26-35 790-950 12-41 185-285
20-50 1,200-1,400 38-59 935-1,100
60-80 780-850 32-39 255-385

45-65 730-750 12-19 110-200
65-95 780-890 26-49 310-385
65-85 780-820 32-65 260-305
20-30 720-850 26-51 285-310
95-400 1,100-1,350 9-32 410-1110

55-190 N/A 4-19 N/A
85-370 1,100-1,400 12-45 660-1,030
85-110 250-450 12-36 305-820
63-105 500-580 11-26 660-825
Additional Notes:
India: Rates are based on projects in Bangalore andare nett
of VAT and Service Tax. Mumbai costs are generally 8%
higher.
Kuala Lumpur: Nil.
Bangkok: Based upon nett enclosed area and nett of VAT.
Brunei: Nil.
Jakarta: All rates are nett of VAT. Rates for Electr ical
Services are excluding genset. Rates for Hydraulic Services
are excluding STP. Rates for Mechanical Services ref ers to
ACMV Rates

BUILDING TYPE MANILA
2
MECHANICAL SERVICES PESOS / m
Offices 3,000-5,000
Industrial 700-1,500
Hotels 3,000-6,500
Apartment 700-3,000
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices 3,300-6,500
Industrial 2,000-3,500
Hotels 4,700-9,200
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices 900-2,000
Industrial 700-1,300
Hotels 1,950-4,000
Shopping Centres 700-1,600
FIRE SERVICES
Offices 700-1,300
Industrial 650-900
Hotels 700-1,200
Shopping Centres 700 -1,300
Apartment 650-1,300
LIFTS/ESCALOTORS
Offices 1,600-3,500
Industrial N/A
Hotels 1,800-3,300
Shopping Centres 700-2,000
Apartment 800-2,100

Note:

SINGAPORE
* HONGKONG BEIJING SHANGHAI
2 2 2 2
S$ / m HK$ / m RMB / m RMB / m
160-262 2,000-2,800 760-1,050 761-966
35-123 200-300 170-280 173-289
135-292 2,200-2,750 910-1,150 971-1,265
154-258 2,300-2,850 790-950 1,050-1,103
94-178 850-1,750 140-410 310-410
166-269 1,750-2,500 460-703 593-651

55-142 650-900 320-450 305-431
190-372 1,900-2,600 705-943 651-830
167-319 1,900-2,500 481-676 520-651
102-238 1,100-1,750 253-398 252-368
28-57 700-900 95-140 110-163

19-38 500-700 95-140 89-131
95-181 2,000-3,000 370-480 368-488
48-85 700-900 140-200 137-184
76-148 1,500-2,400 170-230 168-226
34-58 550-700 180-265 220-300

24-53 400-500 150-225 150-250
29-58 600-850 220-375 280-380
38-58 550-700 220-375 250-380
25-52 200-450 70-135 50-100
66-171 700-1,200 294-577 280-550

43-109 550-750 145-400 135-390
52-114 550-850 232-520 220-495
58-95 850-1,000 327-520 325-495
43-119 450-850 175-289 165-325
Additional Notes:
Manila: Transformer, included in Electrical Services.

Singapore: Rates are nett of GST and excluding BAS
Hong Kong: Nil.
Beijing: Nil.
Shanghai: Nil.

SHENZHEN /
BUILDING TYPE
GUANGZHOU
2
MECHANICAL SERVICES RMB / m
Offices 765-1,040
Industrial 150-268
Hotels 1,071-1,339
Shopping Centres 707-954
Apartment 122-380
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices 530-765
Industrial 306-445
Hotels 680-916
Apartment 278-445
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices 122-166
Industrial 86-112
Hotels 391-493
Apartment 145-257
FIRE SERVICES
Offices 224-348
Industrial 139-267
Hotels 278-413
Apartment 64-122
LIFTS/ESCALOTORS
Offices 294-481
Industrial 150-434
Hotels 241-465
Apartment 122-268

Note:

MACAU CHONGQING/CHENGDU
2 2
MOP / m RMB / m
N/A 680-980
N/A 130-220
2,600-3,000 720-1,150
2,200-2,800 580-980
900-1,100 90-280
N/A 420-650
N/A 250-350
2,600-3,100 500-750
2,600-2,800 400-650
1,000-1,300 220-330
N/A 60-120
N/A 60-120
1,800-2,200 280-350
600-800 60-120
1,500-2,000 100-180
N/A 160-230
N/A 130-230
900-1,100 180-300
600-800 200-300
250-300 45-90
N/A 330-580
N/A 140-340
600-800 280-480
450-700 280-430
450-600 130-230
Additional Notes:
Shenzhen: Nil.
Macau: Nil.
Chongqing/Chengdu: Nil.
Shenyang: Nil.
Dalian: Nil.

BUILDING TYPE
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
FIRE SERVICES
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
LIFTS/ESCALOTORS
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment

Note:

*
SEOUL HO CHI MINH
2 2
KRW / m VND / m
247,000-320,000 1,729,000 -2,465,000
102,000-177,000 N/A
239,000-375,000 N/A
166,000-273,000 N/A
106,000-193,000 1,382,000 - 1,893,000
210,000-395,000 2,034,000 -2,426,000

130,000-190,000 N/A
300,000-490,000 N/A
180,000-262,000 N/A
140,000-189,000 1,794,000- 2,266,000
36,000-64,000 281,000 - 535,000

25,000-36,000 N/A
80,000-123,000 N/A
32,000-64,000 N/A
55,000-84,000 547,000 - 648,000
36,000-70,000 632,000 - 1,049,000

27,000-42,000 N/A
41,000-91,000 N/A
28,000-76,000 N/A
39,000-74,000 434,000- 545,000
42,000-67,000 605,000- 1,154,000

16,000-26,000 N/A
100,000-175,000 N/A
48,000-84,000 1,231,000 - 1,743,000
29,000-41,000 687,000- 994,000
Additional Notes:
Seoul: Rates are nett of VAT.
Macau: Nil.
Chongqing/Chengdu: Nil.
Shenyang: Nil.
Dalian: Nil.

BASIC COST OF KEY MATERIALS
MATERIAL UNIT RATE
Reinforcement Steel MT 36,669**
Ordinary Portland Cement Bag 357***

3
20mm Aggregate m 850
3
Sand m 1,950
3
Shuttering Plywood m 600
200mm Solid Concrete Block
No 49
(400mmx200mmx200mm)
100mm Solid Concrete Block

No 34
(400mmx200mmx100mm)
200mm Hollow Concrete

Block No 46
(400mmx200mmx200mm)
100mm Hollow Concrete

Block No 32
(400mmx200mmx100mm)
3
Teak Wood m 112,250
3
Sal Wood m 48,500
2
Vitrified Tiles m 650-800
2
Ceramic Tiles m 490-640
Emulsion Paint Ltr 290
*Material rates are nett of VAT
**Average of 4th Quarter 2016 for primary manufacturer

th
***Average of 4 Quarter 2016

Rs. / MT
Sl No Description
Basic Rate Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16
1 8mm 35,000 35,500 36,500 36,683 37,233 37,868 39,805
2 10mm 35,000 34,450 35,450 35,633 36,183 36,818 38,855
3 12mm 35,000 33,925 34,925 35,108 35,658 36,293 38,285
4 16mm 35,000 34,517 35,517 35,700 36,253 36,488 38,855
5 20mm 35,000 34,517 35,517 35,700 36,253 36,488 38,855
6 25mm 35,000 34,517 35,517 35,700 36,253 36,488 38,285

7 32mm 35,000 34,517 35,517 35,700 36,253 36,488 37,335
Rs. / MT
Sl No Description
Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16
from January 2016 to December 2016
8 8mm 33,750 32,737 31,681 36,141 38,400 39,552

9 10mm 32,175 31,162 30,615 35,075 37,336 38,488
10 12mm 32,175 30,637 30,082 34,543 36,802 37,924
11 16mm 32,475 31,162 30,721 35,174 36,310 37,462
12 20mm 32,475 31,162 30,721 35,174 36,310 37,462
13 25mm 32,475 31,162 30,721 35,174 36,310 37,462
14 32mm 32,475 31,162 30,721 35,174 36,310 37,462
The prices of reinforcement steel and cement are
highly volatile and fluctuate very frequently. The charts
below provide the price variation of these two materials
73

WAGES OF KEY PERSONNEL
RATE/DAY
PERSONNEL
[Rs]
Skilled Mason 700
Semi-Skilled Mason 550
Tilling Mason 800
Bar Bender 700
Carpenter 700
Painter 650
Welder 550
Electrician 800
Plumber 800
Unskilled Labour 475

77
78
4
OTHER INFORMATION
Conversion Factors
IDD Codes & Time Differences
Relevant Websites
Exchange Rates
4 OTHER INFORMATION
CONVERSION FACTORS
UNIT
LENGTH
10 mm = 1 cm 12 in = 1 ft
100 cm = 1m 3 ft = 1 yd
1,000 m = 1 km 1,760 yd = 1 mile
AREA
10,000 m2 = 1 ha 9 ft2 = 1 yd2

2
4,840 yd = 1 acre
2
100 ha = 1 km
638 acre = 1 mile2
VOLUME
1,000 ml = 1l (UK) 8 pt = 1 gal

(US) 8 pt = 1 gal
MASS
1,000 g = 1 kg 16 oz = 1 lb
1,000 kg = 1 tonne 2,240 lb = 1 ton
16 tael = 1 catty
POWER
TEMPERATURE
80 OTHER INFORMATION
TO METRIC TO IMPERIAL
(APPROX) (APPROX)
1 in = 25,400 mm 1 cm = 0.394 in
1 ft = 30.480 cm 1m = 3.281 ft
1 yd = 0.914 m 1m = 1.094 yd
1 mile = 1.609 km 1 km = 0.621 mile
1 ft2 = 0.093 m2 1 m2 = 10.764 ft2

2 2 2
1 yd = 0.836 m 1m = 1.196 yd2
1 acre = 0.405 ha 1 ha = 2.471 acres
1 mile2 = 2.590 km2 1 km2 = 0.386 mile2
(UK) 1 pt = 0.568 l (UK) 1 l = 1.760 pt

(US) 1 pt = 0.473 l (US) 1 l = 2.113 pt
(UK) 1 gal = 4.546 l (UK) 1 l = 0.220 gal
(US) 1 gal = 3.785 l (US) 1 l = 0.264 gal
1 oz = 28.350 g 1 gram = 0.035 oz

1 lb = 0.454 kg 1 kg = 2.2205 lb
1 ton = 1.016 tonne 1 tonne = 2.205 lb
1 catty = 0.605 kg
1 hp = 0.746 kw 1 kw = 11.340 hp
o
C = (oF-32) x 5/9 o
F = (oC x 9/5) + 32
OTHER INFORMATION 81
4 OTHER INFORMATION
IDD CODES & TIME DIFFERENCES
IDD TIME
DESTINATION COUNTRY DIFFERENCE
CODE (HOURS)*
Australia :
Melbourne 61 +4.5
Perth 61 +2.5
Sydney 61 +4.5
Bahrain 973 -2.5
Brunei 673 +2.5
China 86 +2.5
France 33 -4.5
Germany 49 -4.5
Hong Kong 852 +2.5
India 91 0
Indonesia 62 +1.5
Italy 39 -4.5
Japan 81 +3.5
Korea (North) 850 +3.5
IDD TIME
DESTINATION COUNTR DIFFERENCE
Y CODE (HOURS)*
Korea (South) 82 +3.5
Macau 853 +2.5
Malaysia 60 +2.5
Myanmar 95 +1
Philippines 63 +2.5
Qatar 974 -2.5
Singapore 65 +2.5
Spain 34 -4.5
Taiwan 886 +2.5
Thailand 66 +1.5
United Arab Emirates 971 -1.5
United Kingdom 44 -5.5
United States of America :

Los Angeles 1 13.5
New York 1 -10.5
Vietnam 84 +1.5
4 OTHER INFORMATION
RELEVANT WEBSITES
Government of India
Government of India Directory
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Commerce & Industry
Ministry of Statistics & Programme
Implementation
Ministry of Law & Justice
Ministry of Labour
Ministry of Home Affairs(MHA)
Ministry of External Affairs
Ministry of Urban Development
Office of Economic Advisor
Central Public Works Department
Supreme Court of India
Government Bodies
Reserve Bank of India
Bureau of India Standards
Insurance Regulatory & Development
Authority
Construction Related Organisations

The Institution of Engineers
The Indian Institution of Valuers
The Indian Institute of Architects
Construction Industry Development Council
Others
National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.
Bombay Stock Exchange Limited
Arcadis
EC Harris
http://goidirectory.nic.in/
http://finmin.nic.in
http://dipp.nic.in
http://mospi.gov.in
http://lawmin.nic.in
http://labour.nic.in
http://mha.nic.in
http://meaindia.nic.in
http://urbanindia.nic.in
http://eaindustry.nic.in
http://www.cpwd.gov.in
http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in
http://rbi.org.in
http://bis.org.in
http://irdaindia.org
http://ieindia.org
http://iivindia.org
http://iia-india.org
http://cidc.in
http://nseindia.com
http://bseindia.com
www.arcadis.com
www.echarris.com
4 OTHER INFORMATION
EXCHANGE RATES
Appropriate current rates at end of December 2016
COUNTRY PER UNIT INR
Australia Dollar 48.94
China RMB 9.78
Europe Eur 71.51
Hong Kong Dollar 8.76
Japan Yen 0.58
Korea Won 0.056
Malaysia Ringgit 15.15
Philippines Peso 1.37
Taiwan NT Dollar 2.09
Thailand Baht 1.89
UK Pound 83.81
USA Dollar 67.96
87
88
5
ARCADIS
Arcadis Culture
Arcadis Offices
5
90
ARCADIS CULTURE
Long established History, Emphasis on Teamwork, Professional and Quality Service Oriented, investment on research and Development, Encourage Continuous
Learning and Professional Development
OUR MISSION OUR VALUES QUALITY POLICY STATEMENT
ARCADIS
We are Ambassadors of Arcadis To provide our Clients with a service of excellence

Duly to act with the Highest Levels of Integrity, – through our expertise & experience
To deliver World Class construction cost management , Respect and Honesty, Impartiality & Independency,
project management & consultancy services through Utmost Professionalism To play a positive & creative role in realising our
teamwork, to make a measurable difference, to Service Excellence Client’s needs and in meeting requirements to their
maximise value for money & enhance security of Service Excellence – through our expertise and satisfactions
objectives for Clients experience, innovations team work & lateral service
realising our Client’s needs. To manage & control each & every process with
OUR VISION the highest integrity, impartiality & Independency
Employment Excellence
Construction Consultancy providing integral solutions Equal opportunity, Diversity, Recognition of Human To further develop & bring about opportunities for
rather than individual service lines and standing out Capital as our vital asset and investment, Professional professional development in core skills of our staff
from our competitors Development & Continual Learning
Social Responsibility
Duly to the communities, countries and the
environment in which we live and work
ARCADIS
ARCADIS OFFICES
ASIA PACIFIC
INDIA
BANGALORE
ARCADIS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
nd
2 Floor, Esquire Center
No.9, M G Road
Bangalore 560 001, India
GPS : 12.974, 77.617
Tel : (00 91 80) 4123 9141
Fax : (00 91 80) 4123 8922
Email : info-in@arcadis.com
Contact : Ivan Keogh / Darshan Joshi
DELHI
3rd Floor, Tower B,

Logix Techno Park,
Sector 127,
Uttar Pradesh, 201304
Noida
Tel : (00 91 120) 436 8400
Contact : Ivan Keogh / Darshan Joshi
MUMBAI
Platinum Techni Park – Offices 802,803,804
Plot no. 17-18
Sector 30A, Vashi
Navi, Mumbai 400705

Maharashtra, India
Tel : (00 91 22) 6464 5591
Contact : Ivan Keogh/ Darshan Joshi
ARCADIS 91
5 ARCADIS
INDONESIA
BALI
P.T. ARCADIS INDONESIA
Level 2, Alamanda Office
Jalan By Pass Ngurah Rai No. 67
Banjar Pengenderan, Kedonganan
Bali 80361, Indonesia
GPS : 8.7893, 115.2106
Tel : (00 62 361) 472 5353
Fax : (00 62 361) 472 5354
Email : info.idbali@arcadis.com
Contact : Ir. Putu Arya Canti
JAKARTA
P.T. ARCADIS INDONESIA
Level 18, Ratu Plaza Office Tower
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 9
Jakarta 10270, Indonesia
GPS : 6.2271, 106.8008
Tel : (00 62 21) 739 7550

Fax : (00 62 21) 739 7846
Email : info.idqs@arcadis.com
Contact :Peter Robinson
KOREA
SEOUL
ARCADIS KOREA CO LTD
#429, 27, Seochojungang-Ro 24-Gil
Seocho-Gu, Seoul
Korea 137-882
GPS : 37.4953, 127.0164
Tel : (00 82 2) 543 3888
Fax : (00 82 2) 543 3898
92 ARCADIS
Email : info-kr@arcadis.com
Contact: Aaron Page
PHILIPPINES
MANILA
ARCADIS PHILIPPINES INC
ARCADIS PHILIPPINES INTERNATIONAL INC
4th & 7th Floor, Kings Court 1
2129 Chino Roces Avenue
Makati City 1231
Philippines
GPS : 14.5576, 121.0135
Tel : (00 63 2) 811 2971
Fax : (00 63 2) 811 2071
Email : info-ph@arcadis.com
Contact: Darneil Perez
CEBU
12F, 2Quad Bldg., Cardinal Rosales Avenue
Cebu Business Park, Cebu City
Philippines
GPS : 10.3142754, 123.9053502
Tel : (00 63 32) 2322 200
Fax : (00 63 32) 2603 699
Email : info-ph@arcadis.com
Contact : Darneil Perez
ARCADIS 93
5 ARCADIS
SINGAPORE
ARCADIS SINGAPORE PTE LTD
ARCADIS CONTRACT ADVISORY PTE LTD
ARCADIS CONSULTANCY PTE LTD
1 Magazine Road, #05-01 Central Mall
Singapore 059567
GPS : 1.288526,103.842085
Tel : (65) 6222 3888
Fax : (65) 6224 7089
Email : info-sg@arcadis.com
Contact: Tim Risbridger / Khoo Sze Boon / Lorimer

A. Doig
ARCADIS PROJECT MANAGEMENT PTE LTD

1 Magazine Road, #05-01 Central Mall
Singapore 059567
GPS : 1.288526,103.842085
Tel : (65) 6239 8600
Fax : (65) 6538 4508
Email : pmps@arcadis.sg
Contact: Tim Risbridger / Teoh Wooi Sin
THAILAND
BANGKOK
ARCADIS (THAILAND) LTD
10th Floor, Kian Gwan II Building
140/1 Wireless Road, Lumpini, Pratumwan
Bangkok 10330, Thailand
GPS : 13.734969, 100.545448
Tel : (00 66 2) 253 1438 - 9
Fax : (00 66 2) 253 4977
Email : info-th@arcadis.com
Contact: Ang Yen Kooi / Wong Soon Bin
94 ARCADIS
VIETNAM
HANOI
ARCADIS VIETNAM CO LTD
Level 2, Hoa Binh Tower Building
106 Hoang Quoc Viet Street,
Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
GPS : 21.046280, 105.793827
Tel : (00 844) 3942 7525
Fax : (00 844) 3942 7526
Email : info-vn@arcadis.com
Contac: Mark Olive
HO CHI MINH CITY
ARCADIS VIETNAM CO LTD
L12-03, Level 12, Vincom Building
72 Le Thanh Ton Street
District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
GPS : 10.777828, 106.702548
Tel : (00 848) 3823 8297
Fax : (00 848) 3823 8197
Email : info-vn@arcadis.com
Contact: Mark Olive
MALAYSIA
SELANGOR
ARCADIS (MALAYSIA) SDN BHD
ARCADIS PROJEKS SDN BHD
ARCADIS CONSULTANCY SDN BHD
JUBM SDN BHD
Level 5, Menara TSR
ARCADIS 95
5 ARCADIS
12 Jalan PJU 7/3, Mutiara Damansara
47810 Petaling Jaya
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
GPS : 3.1616, 101.6129
Tel : (60 3) 2106 8000
Fax : (60 3) 2106 9090
Email : info-my@arcadis.com
Contact: Loo Ming Chee / Justin Teoh / Syed
Mahadzir Syed Ahmad / Mohamad Faiz Awang /
Nur Aziz Abu Bakar / Mohd Ali Abd Karim (Non-
Executive Chairman)
JOHOR
47, Jalan Setia Tropika 1/30
Taman Setia Tropika
81200 Johor Bahru
Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia
GPS : 1.5422, 103.7111

Tel : (60 7) 232 8300
Fax : (60 7) 232 8232
Contact: Syed Mahadzir Syed Ahmad
PENANG
Suite 3A-3, Level 3A
Wisma Great Eastern
No.25, Lebuh Light
10200 Penang, Malaysia
GPS : 5.4201, 100.3408
Tel : (60 4) 264 2071 / 264 2072 / 264 2073
Fax : (60 4) 264 2068
Contact: Nu Aziz Abu Bakar
96 ARCADIS
SABAH
Suite 8A, 8th Floor, Wisma Pendidikan, Jalan
Padang
P.O.Box 11598, 88817 Kota Kinabalu
Sabah, Malaysia
GPS : 5.9783, 116.0761
Tel : (60 88) 223 369
Fax : (60 88) 216 537
Contact: Ang Kun Eng
SARAWAK
JUBM SDN BHD

No.2 (3rd Floor), Jalan Song Thian Cheok
93100 Kuching
Sarawak, Malaysia
GPS : 1.5532, 110.3532
Tel : (60 82) 232 212
Fax : (60 82) 232 198
Contact: Nor Azman Bin Baharum
BRUNEI
BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN
ARCADIS (B) SDN BHD
UTAMACON (B) SDN BHD
Unit 25, BT Complex, Kg. Jaya Setia
Mukim Berakas ‘A’ BB2713
P.O.Box 313, Bandar Seri Begawan BS8670
Negara Brunei Darussalam
GPS : 4.9394, 114.9377
Tel : (00 673) 233 2833
Fax : (00 673) 233 2933
Email : info-bn@arcadis.com
Contact: Shafie Yusof / Justin Teoh / Shahril

Othman
ARCADIS 97
5 ARCADIS
KUALA BELAIT
Unit 1, 1st floor,
Tang Ching Ying(TCY) Building,
Lot 118, Jalan Sungai,
Kuala Belait, KA 2331,
Tel : +673 3347641
Email: info.jbpusb@jbpu.com.bn
Contact: Shafie Yusof / Shahril Othman
KUALA BELAIT
Lot 7219, Jalan Jaya Negara
Kg. Pandan, P.O. Box 811
Kuala Belait KA1189
GPS : 4.5843, 114.2087
Tel : (00 673) 3347878
Fax : (00 673) 3347788
Email : pusbkb@pusbbrunei.com.bn
Contact: Shafie Yusof
CHINA
BEIJING
LANGDON & SEAH (BEIJING) CONSTRUCTION

CONSULTANTS CO LTD
Suite 1225 - 1242, South Wing
Central Tower, Junefield Plaza,
10 Xuan Wu Men Wai Street
Beijing 100 052, China
98 ARCADIS
GPS : 39.896738, 116.375676
Tel : (86 10) 6310 1136
Fax : (86 10) 6310 1143
Email : info-cn@arcadis.com
Contact: Chan Chi Keung, Andrew
CHANGSHA
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHANGHAI)

CO LTD CHANGSHA BRANCH
Room 11051, Zhong Tian Plaza
766 Wu Yi Avenue, Furong District,
Changsha, Hunan Province
410005, China
GPS : 28.195151, 112.983057
Tel : (86 731) 8971 1860
Fax : (86 731) 8971 6736
Contact: Lu Mei Hua / Chen Yong
CHENGDU
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (CHENGDU)

CO. LTD.
Room 807, Block A,
Times Plaza
2 Zongfu Road
Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610 016, China
GPS : 30.656666, 104.080567
Tel : (86 28) 8671 8373

Fax : (86 28) 8671 8535
Contact: Lum Ka Wai, Andy
ARCADIS 99
5 ARCADIS
CHONGQING
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (CHENGDU)

CO. LTD. CHONGQING BRANCH
Room 3408, International Trade Centre
38 Qing Nian Road, Central District
Chongqing City 400010, China
GPS : 29.556331, 106.574332
Tel : (86 23) 8655 1333
Fax : (86 23) 8655 1616
Contact: Lin Wai Yip, Gary
DALIAN

CONSULTANTS CO LTD DALIAN BRANCH
Unit 07, 32F, Xiwang Tower,
136 Zhongshan Road Zhongshan District,
Dalian, Liaoning Province
116001, China
GPS : 38.914864, 121.631245
Tel : (86 411) 8800 8018
Fax : (86 411) 8800 8823
Contact: Ng Kin Kan, Kenn
FOSHAN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHENZHEN)

CO. LTD. FOSHAN BRANCH
3/F, Foshan Ling Nan Tian Di
Zu Miao Road Shop Nos. Z01-Z11
Zu Miao Road, Foshan
Guangdong Province
528000, China
100 ARCADIS
GPS : 23.031224, 113.11278
Tel : (86 757) 8203 0028
Fax : (86 757) 8203 0029
Contact: Lin Wai Yip, Gary
GUANGZHOU
CO. LTD. GUANGZHOU BRANCH
3A 10-18 Unit 3/F,
Bank of America Plaza
555 Ren Min Zhong Road
Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510 145, China
GPS : 23.123148, 113.253628
Tel : (86 20) 8130 3813
Fax : (86 20) 8130 3812
Contact: Xu Wei Bin
HAIKOU

CO LTD HAIKOU BRANCH
Unit C, 10/F Times Square
2 Guomao Road, Haikou
Hainan Province
570100, China
GPS : 20.029509, 110.326235
Tel : (86 898) 6652 7818
Fax : (86 898) 6652 7809
Contact: Lo Kwok Chu, Kenneth / Yi Zheng Gang
ARCADIS 101
5 ARCADIS
HANGZHOU
CO.LTD. HANGZHOU BRANCH
Room 2305 WinNing International
100 Min Xin Road
Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
310016, China
GPS : 30.251755, 120.218913
Tel : (86 571) 2829 7766
Fax : (86 571) 2829 7622
Contact: Zou Chun Ming, Alex / Zhou Yuan
HENGQIN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (ZHUHAI
HENGQIN) CO. LTD. HENGQIN BRANCH
7/F, 156 Nan Shan Ju Road,
Hengqin, Zhuhai,
Guangdong Province 519031, China
GPS : 22.142774, 113.544438
Tel : (86 756) 868 8986
Fax : (86 756) 868 8969
Contact : Chan Yuk Sim, Katherine / Wan
Chi Shing, Stanley
HONG KONG
ARCADIS ASIA LIMITED
ARCADIS HONG KONG LIMITED
ARCADIS INVESTMENT SERVICES HK LIMITED
38/F AIA Kowloon Tower, Landmark East,
100 How Ming Street
Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
GPS : 22.3125, 114.2223
Tel : (852) 2830 3500
Fax : (852) 2576 0416
Email : info-hk@arcadis.com
Contact : Au Kai Ming, Francis
102 ARCADIS
MACAU
ARCADIS MACAU LIMITED
Avenida da Praia Grande, No. 594,
Edificio BCM, 12th Floor,
Macau.
GPS: 22.192210, 113.541252
Tel: (853) 2833 1710
Fax: (853) 2833 1532
Email: info-mo@arcadis.com
Contact: Chan Yuk Sim, Katherine
NANJING
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY
(SHANGHAI）CO. LTD. NANJING BRANCH
1104 South Tower Jinmao Plaza,
201 Zhong Yang Road, Nanjing
Jiangsu Province 210009, China
GPS: 32.071984, 118.783443
Tel : (86 25) 57911860
Fax : (86 25) 6698 1860
Email: info-cn@arcadis.com
Contact: Choy Kai Shing, David / Chen Taofen
QINGDAO
CO LTD QINGDAO BRANCH
Room 2008, 20F, HNA Center
234 Yan An San Road, Shinan District
Qingdao, Shangdong Province
266071, China
GPS : 36.060852, 120.375351
Tel : (86 532) 8280 1818
Fax : (86 532) 8280 1881
Contact: Lu Mei Hua / Feng Shi En, Andy
ARCADIS 103
5 ARCADIS
SHANGHAI
CO. LTD.
11th Floor, Building C, The Place,
No. 150 Zunyi Road

Changning District
Shanghai 200051
China
GPS : 31.207363, 121.407984
Tel : (86 21) 6026 1300
Fax : (86 21) 6026 1800
Contact : Chan Hoi Or, Joe
SHENYANG
Room 3013 – 3015, Office Toser 1

CONSULTANTS CO. LTD. SHENYANG BRANCH
Forum 66, 1-1 Qingnian Avenue
Shenhe District
Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110 013, China
GPS : 41.814314, 123.435484
Tel : (86 24) 3195 8880
Fax : (86 24) 3128 6983
Contact: Ng Hin Kan, Kenn / Chow Hau Ming,

Simon
104 ARCADIS
SHENZHEN

CO LTD
Room 1001, AVIC Centre,
1018 Huafu Road, Shenzhen,
Guangdong Province 518031, China
GPS : 22.543241, 114.082051
Tel : (86 755) 2598 1841
Fax : (86 755) 2598 1854
Contact: Lo Kwok Chu, Kenneth
SUZHOU

CO LTD SUZHOU BRANCH
Room 906 Century Financial Tower
1 Suzhou Avenue West,
Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
215021 China
GPS : 31.315872, 120.674879
Tel : (86 512) 8777 5599
Fax : (86 512) 8777 5600
Contact: Choy Kai Shing, David / Zhang Rui
TIANJIN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY CO LTD

TIANJIN BRANCH
4002, 40/F
Tianjin World Financial Centre Office Tower
2 Dagubei Road,
He Ping District, Tianjin 300 020, China
GPS : 39.129619, 117.202758
Tel : (86 22) 2329 8611
Fax : (86 22) 2319 3186
Contact: Wong Chin Ying
ARCADIS 105
5 ARCADIS
WUHAN

CO. LTD. WUHAN BRANCH
Room 1008, 10/F, Corporate Centre 5,
Wuhan Tiandi, 1628 Zhongshan Road,
Wuhan, Hubei Province 430 010, China
GPS : 30.608202, 114.310273
Tel : (86 27) 5920 9299
Fax : (86 27) 5920 9298
Contact: Chan Hoi Or, Joe / Guang Rong
XI’AN

CO LTD XI’AN BRANCH
Unit 06-07, 16/F, Capita Mall Office Building
64 South Second Ring Western
Xi’an, Shaanxi Province
710065, China
GPS : 34.230397, 108.934893
Tel : (86 29) 8866 9711
Fax : (86 29) 8866 9760
Contact: Lin Wai Yip, Gary / Wang Zhu Zhu
106 ARCADIS
ARCADIS ASIA HEADQUARTERS
HONG KONG
ARCADIS ASIA LIMITED
ARCADIS ASIA REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS

LIMITED
38/F AIA Kowloon Tower, Landmark East,
100 How Ming Street
Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
GPS : 22.3125, 114.2223
Tel : (852) 2830 3500
Fax : (852) 2576 0416
Email : asiainfo@arcadis.com
Contact : Matt Bennion, CEO, Asia
ARCADIS HEADQUARTERS
AMSTERDAM
ARCADIS NV
“Symphony”
Gustav Mahlerplein 97-103
1082 MS Amsterdam
P.O. Box 7895
1008 AB Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel : (31 20) 201 1011
Fax : (31 20) 201 1002
Email : info@arcadis.com
Website : www.arcadis.com
Contact : Stephanie Hottenhuis, Executive

Board Member
ARCADIS 107
NOTES
108 Notes
NOTES
Notes 109
NOTES
110 Notes
NOTES
Notes 111
NOTES
112 Notes
NOTES
Notes 113
ARCADIS INDIA PVT LTD
2nd Floor, Esquire Center,
No.9, M G Road,
Bangalore – 560001, INDIA
Tel: (00 91 80) 4123 9141
Fax: (00 91 80) 4123 8922
Email: info-in@arcadis.com
@Arcadis_India

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INDIA 2017

Arcadis India Pvt Ltd

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may

The information contained herein should be

Unless otherwise stated, costs reflected in this

2. INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

3. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

Basic Cost of Key Materials 72

As in the previous editions, the Arcadis Handbook –

The handbook is structured to serve as a general

The information contained in this handbook has been

India is one of the oldest civilizations with a kaleidoscopic

India is a Sovereign Socialist Democratic Republic with

The federal republic consists of twenty-nine states and

Country Name : Republic of India

Geographic Coordinates : 22N, 77E

Location : Southern Asia

Total Area : 32,87,590 SqKm

Land Area : 29,73,190 SqKm

Water : 3,14,400 SqKm

Land Use : Arable Land 48.83%

Irrigated Land : 1,797,990 SqKm

Natural Resources : Coal (world 4th largest)

Climate Type : Tropical monsoon with

55 & above 13.39%

Delhi : 25.70 million

Mumbai : 21.04 million

Ethnic Group : Hindus 80.5%

Literacy (Definition- : Total Population 75%

GDP (Purchasing Power : $ 5.73 trillion

Major Import Commodities : Crude Oil, Chemicals,

Major Seaports : Kandla,

2013-14 -0.2 2014-15 2015-16

Contribution to GDP Growth

34% 34% 35%

30.0% 31% 31% 31%

Following the liberalization policy in 1990, the

Challenges for Indian Economy

Facilities to SEZ Units

• 100% FDI is allowed in the manufacturing

Breakdown of SEZ by Sector

Real Estate Development

Procurement Model And Contract Forms

Challenges Facing Real Estate And

28 INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

30 INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

•Passenger traffic is projected to grow at a

INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 31

•Transmission and Distribution Network of

32 INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

The real estate development in India has grown

INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 33

In both public and private sectors, most of the

34 INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

•Land Ownership and Title Issues

INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 35

Construction Costs For India

Construction Costs For Major Cities in Asia

Construction Cost Specification

Unit Rates Of Major Work Items For Cities In Asia

M&E Costs For India

M&E Costs For Major Cities In Asia

Basic Cost Of Key Materials