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Pokhara University
M. Sc. Construction Management
IIIrd Semester Parties of a Contract
• Chapter:- 3 Project Get Started
 Contractors and Consultants moves in
 Employer’s Role to get project started


Kick off Meetings
Contractor’s submission- WS, Safety Plan, QAP • 3 parties under a typical FIDIC Contract :
 Material testing facilities- Personnel, Lab and equipments
 Contract Doc. Available at site
 Schedules and Plans Review
 Safety and Security Related Plans


Safety management System
Quality management System Designed and initiated  The Employer
 Material testing facilities- Personnel, Lab and equipments
 Contract Doc. Available at site

• Refer-


Consultant Procurement Guidelines ADB (ww.adb.org)
Consultant Procurement Guidelines WB (ww.wb.org)  The Contractor
 Consultant Procurement- PPA 2063; PPR, 2064
 Standard Bidding Documents for procurement of works, PPMO (www.ppmo.gov.np)
 Standard Bidding Documents for procuring Consultant, PPMO (www.ppmo.gov.np)
 Standard Procurement Documents, Procurement of Works- ICB, PPMO, January 2012
(www.ppmo.gov.np)
 Standard Bidding Documents for procuring goods, PPMO ( www.ppmo.gov.np)
 The Engineer (Supervisor)

Nec cps

Definitions
•Employer : The party named in the Contract as the
"FIRST PARTY" who will enter into contract with the
Contractor for the execution of the Works covered by
the Contract, or any other party authorized by the
Employer to exercise the powers and obligations of the
First Party, provided that the Contractor will be
informed accordingly in writing .
•Contractor : The person, company or joint venture
named as Second Party in the Contract whose Tender
has been accepted by the Employer and with whom the
Employer has entered into Contract, and includes the
Contractors personal agents and his legal successors
Definitions
•Engineer: The Consulting office, or Engineering office or
Engineer or any other technical body appointed from time
to time by the Employer to exercise in whole or in part the
powers of the Engineer in accordance with the Conditions
of the Contract provided that the Contractor shall be
accordingly notified in writing.
•Engineers Representative - Any resident engineer, or
clerk of works appointed by the Engineer from time to time
•Site - The land and other places provided by the
Employer or designated as such where the Works are to
be executed, and any other places specifically designated
in the Contract as forming part of the Site.

Parties of a Contract Parties of a Contract

 Relations of the 3 parties in a construction project • Contractor:
 Employer – Contractor
– Work Contract  Responsible from executing the works
 Employer – Engineer  Provides the necessary securities and guarantees
– Service Contract  Held responsible from his and/or his sub contractors
actions
 Engineer – Contractor
 Responsible from the quality of the executed works as
– Engineer supervises the construction and well as the security of the construction site
manages the project with limited authority.  Prepares the interim payment reports
 May use sub contractors as allowed in the conditions of
the contract

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Parties of a Contract
• Engineer:
 Assigned by the Employer to represent the Employer
 Name, contact information and authorities of an
Engineer are stated in relevant parts of the Works
Contract
 After consulting with the Employer and the Contractor,
should propose fair and objective solutions for claims.
 Checks the quality of the appropriateness of the
workmanship and the materials used
 Approves the payment certificates of the Contractor
Contractor moves at the site
• Under sub-clause 8.1 (FIDIC), the project
cannot commence until the Contract
Agreement has been signed by both parties,
the Contractor has reasonable proof that the
Employer can fund the works and the
Contractor has received any advanced
payments it was entitled to.
Contractor moves at the site
• Upon the signature of the Contract certain procedures need
to completed before the Contractor can commence the
works;
 18.2 Submission of All Risk Insurance
 20.2 Identification of DAB (Dispute Adjudication Board)
member(s). – Sometimes identification is done on Ad
hoc bases.
 3.1 If not already in the Contract, the Employers informs
the Contractor about the details of the Engineer.
 Communication lines and rules are established.
 1.8 & 1.9 Supply of Drawings and Instructions
(RED Book) Drawings should be an integral part of the
• for the execution of the Works. No significant alteration to these
Contract and should be provided based on a well
structured calendar
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Parties of a Contract
• Employer
 Defines the requirements and specifications
 Provides the construction site
 Provides the financial resources (usually)
 Provides the necessary conditions to the Contractor
for the execution of works
Contractor moves at the site
• Before Contract Signature – 1
 Employer gives award notice to the Awardee.
 Contract Negotiations are done (if necessary).
 Priority of documents are re-arranged if necessary
due to contract negotiations or clarifications during
tender period.
 Contract is signed by the Employer (and endorsed
by EUD).
 Contractor submits the required documents (e.g.
performance guarantee) to the Employer together
with the signed Contract.
Contractor moves at the site
• Contractor’s General Obligations
• The Contractor shall design (to the extent specified in the Contract),
execute and complete the Works in accordance with the Contract and
with the Engineer’s instructions, and shall remedy any defects in the
Works.
• The Contractor shall provide the Plant and Contractor’s Documents
specified in the Contract, and all Contractor’s Personnel, Goods,
consumables and other things and services, whether of a temporary or
permanent nature, required in and for this design, execution, completion
and remedying of defects.
• The Contractor shall, whenever required by the Engineer, submit details
of the arrangements and methods which the Contractor proposes to adopt
arrangements and methods shall be made without this having previously
been notified to the Engineer.
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Contractor moves at the site
• Contractor’s General Obligations
• The Contractor shall be responsible for the adequacy, stability and
safety of all Site operations and of all methods of construction.
Except to the extent specified in the Contract, the Contractor :
– shall be responsible for all Contractor’s Documents, Temporary
Works, and such design of each item of Plant and Materials as
is required for the item to be in accordance with the Contract,
and
– shall not otherwise be responsible for the design or
specification of the Permanent Works.
Consultant moves at the site
• Consultant’s (Engineer's) Duties and Authority
• a) The Engineer shall carry out the duties specified in
the Contract .
• b) The Engineer shall exercise the authority specified
in or necessarily to be implied from the Contract .
• Provided, that the Engineer shall obtain the specific
approval of the Employer, in compliance with the terms
of his appointment, and after submitting his
recommendations to the Employer in writing, in the
following matters :
Consultant moves at the site
• Engineer's Representative
• The Engineer's Representative shall be appointed by
and be responsible to the Engineer and shall carry out
such duties of watching and supervising the execution
and workmanship of the Works and to test and examine
any materials to be used or workshop employed in
connection with the Works. He shall exercise such
authority as may be delegated to him by the Engineer
• Engineer refers to the Consultant Firm, not the
Consultant’s Team Leader.
• not have the authority to negotiate amendments on the
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Contractor moves at the site
• Contractor’s General Obligations
• If the Contract specifies that the Contractor shall design
any part of the Permanent Works, then unless otherwise
stated in the Particular Conditions:
A. the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the
Contractor’s Documents for this part in accordance
with the procedures specified in the Contract;
B. these Contractor’s Documents shall be in accordance
with the Specification and Drawings, shall be written
in the language for communications
Consultant moves at the site
• Consultant’s (Engineer's) Duties and Authority
– issuing variation orders;
– deciding on the extension of Time for Completion and
applying the Liquidated Damages Clause;
– approving the appointment of Subcontractors;
– notifying the Contractor on suspension of Works; and
any other matters as may be set out in Part II of these
conditions).
• (c) Except as expressly stated in the Contract, the
Engineer shall have no authority to relieve the
Contractor of any of his obligations under the Contract
Before the Construction Works
Commence
 The personnel of the Employer, the Contractor and
the Engineer to be deployed on the project site is
identified. (4.3 Contractor’s Representative)
 The limits of authority of each personnel is identified
and a line of communication is drafted based on this.
It is recommended that the line of communication is
signed by all parties.
– For example: the Team Leader of the Engineer
approves the Contractors Interim Payments, but does
Consultancy Contract.
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Before the Construction Works
Commence
 Clause 2.1 Right of Access to Site
 Employer should give the right to access and possession of
the site to the Contractor after the Contract Signature.
 Employer should complete his responsibilities and should give
the possession of the site free of problems.
 Delays in this task may cause extensions in the contract
duration and increases in the contract price.
 1.13 Contractor should complete all the necessary local
procedures and obtain the necessary permits to start construction
works.
 Clause 8.1 Unless otherwise stated in PCs the commencement
date is within 42 days after the contract signature. Engineer shall
give the notice not less than 7 days before the Commencement
Date.
Employer’s Role to get project started
• “reasonable evidence that financial
arrangements have been made and are being
maintained which will enable the Employer to
pay the contract price punctually”; and
• “Before the Employer makes any material
change to his financial arrangements, the
Employer shall give notice to the Contractor
with detailed particulars.”
Project Get Started
• How do you get a project started?
• Very simple, organize a project kick-off meeting
as soon as possible to help you collect the basic
project information.
• Invite a group of stakeholders’ representatives
including management, business experts and
members of the development team.
• The main objective of this meeting is to define
the project and do some initial high-level
planning.
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First 28 Days
 Clause 4.4 Necessary permissions and procedures are
completed for the Sub Contractors.
 Clause 4.1 Contractor’s General Obligations.
 Security of the site and works
 Clause 6 Staff and Labour
 Sub Clause 6.4 (Local Labour Laws)
 Sub Clause 6.5 (Working hours)
 Sub Clause 6.7 (Health and safety)
 Contractor should take all the necessary precautions to
avoid accidents and should assign a safety
representative.
Employer’s Role to get project started
• If the Employer fails to provide this evidence, the
Contractor can suspend work, "or reduce the rate
of work”, unless or until the Contractor actually
receives the reasonable evidence.
• This was an entirely new provision to the 1999
FIDIC form and provides a mechanism whereby
the Contractor can obtain confirmation that
sufficient funding arrangements are in place to
enable him to be paid, including if there is a
significant change in the size of the project during
construction.
Project Kick- off Meeting
• A Project Kick-off meeting is a formal meeting to announce
the start of a project, (or the start of a new project phase).
• Once the project manager has created an initial high-level
project plan and has identified the initial project team, the
next step is to schedule a kickoff meeting.
• PURPOSE
• to introduce the project to all the key stakeholders.
• to provide an opportunity for the entire team and other
stakeholders to identify any concerns and issues that could
alter the project plan
• if a steering committee has been appointed to the project, the
purpose, expectations, and members of the steering
committee should also be addressed at the kickoff meeting.
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Project Kick- off Meeting
WHO TO INCLUDE
• It is very important to clearly understand and
recognize from the start all of the people who are
part of the project’s “audience”.
• The definition of a project audience is any person
or group that supports, is affected by, or is
interested in the project.
• Sometimes members of this group are referred to
as stakeholders. In either case, these are the folks
who should be invited to the kickoff meeting
Project Kick- off Meeting
• A typical agenda for Kick-off meeting could be-
Meeting Objectives: What do we want to achieve at
the end of this meeting.
Project Objectives: What do we want to achieve at
the end of this project.
Project Approach: Define the main phases or
components of the project, what is expected during
the project, are we following a specific
methodology?
Project Kick- off Meeting
• A typical agenda for Kick-off meeting could be-
 Change Control: Define the process that will be used to manage
change, especially scope change.
 Communication Plan: Define how the project communication
will be done: Status Reports, frequency of meetings, project
portal, etc.
 Risks: Identify the main potential project risks. This should be
handled as a mini risk assessment session.
 High-level Requirements: This is a very important part of the
meeting, since you can collect a high-level description of each
requirement, usually in a few lines per requirement. It is
important to identify each requirement with an identification
number or ID, and if possible with a priority indicator, like
high, medium, low. I have successfully used a PowerPoint table
to capture requirements during the meeting so that everybody
can see them when projected on a large screen.
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Project Kick- off Meeting
The following list can serve as a guideline for determining the project audience:
Name Description
Project Sponsor
Upper
Person or group providing financial resources for the project.
Executive level management who may serve as project sponsors and are
Management
Requestor
responsible for the general oversight of the project.
Person who requested the project and all others who worked on the
Project Manager
research, analysis, and subsequent chartering of that request.
Person with overall responsibility for the project.
Project Team
Functional or
Team members whose work is directed by the project manager.
People who are typically involved in most large projects such as
Support groups Enrollment, financial staff, HR, business staff, etc.
Technical Experts People who have special knowledge related to the project. For example,
a DBA, network engineer, systems engineer, vendor, consultant,
Clients or
functional user, or subject matter expert.
People who receive service and support from Fordham IT.
Customers
Steering People who have been assigned to oversee the general direction of the
Committee
Community
project and/or serve as an advisory board.
The University community, including faculty, students, staff, alumni,
friends, etc.
Public Groups that might have a vested interest in the project or can assist in the
communication plan such as local media, professional societies, and
regulatory agencies.
Project Kick- off Meeting
• A typical agenda for Kick-off meeting could be-
Deliverables: Discuss and document what are the
expected deliverables of the project so that there are
no misunderstandings on what will be produced.
Project Team: You might want to create and
organization chart of your project, including main
stakeholders, steering committee members, subject
matter experts and technical resources that will be
participating in the project.
Roles & Responsibilities: It is also a good idea to
define the main responsibilities of each role in the
project team. This will help to set expectations from
the very beginning.
Contractor’s Submission
• Timeline: Discuss a tentative timeline for the project, but be
sure to let everybody know that the timeline will need to be
validated once the detailed project schedule is completed.
• Site office: The Contractor shall provide and maintain the
site office as per the Contract Documents
• Site set-up: The Contractor shall be responsible for setting
up the site, hoarding, storage and arranging utilities etc.
• Project Sign: The Contractor shall provide a project signage
as per the Contract Documents.
• Cost breakdown/Cash flow: The Contractor shall submit, to
the Consultant, a breakdown of the contract price for each
section of the work and a breakdown of the contract price
related to time, for cash flow purposes. This is required
within a reasonable time, but must be submitted and agreed
to prior to the first progress billing.
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Contractor’s Submission Contractor’s Submission

• List of subcontractors: The Contractor shall submit the
list of subcontractors proposed for the work. The
subcontractors should be the same as those named in the
Contractor’s bid. The Owner and/or Consultant must
approve any changes or substitutions.
• Permits and Licenses: The status of various permit
applications should be determined. It is also important to
make sure that the appropriate parties are pursuing all
the necessary permits. The general assumption is that
the contractor is obtaining all necessary permits, but
there are cases where certain permits are to be obtained,
or have been obtained by others. Make sure all parties
are aware of their obligations in this area.
• Schedules:
 Construction Schedule: The contractor shall submit
a construction schedule for review at the pre-construction
conference. This schedule is to be monitored and updated
by the contractor on a regular basis.
 Submittal schedule: The contractor shall prepare and
submit a submittal schedule to the consultant. This
schedule is a chronological listing of all submittals required
by the contract documents. The submittal schedule should
be coordinated with the construction schedule, and updated
to reflect any changes to the construction schedule as work
progresses.

Contractor’s Submission During Execution of Work

• Schedules:
• Information to be included on submittal schedule: • Project Management Tools
– Description of each submittal, and name of subcontractor  Notices
– Dates of each submission
– Specification section reference  Instructions
– Final date for completion consultant’s review
– Mock-ups/ Sample installations  Reports
• Quality Assurance Plan
– Sources of materials  Records
– Tests and Frequency of tests
– Responsible persons for quality assurance and control  Certificates
– QA/QC process and Procedure

Construction Planning Construction Planning

SPD, ICB 2012, Sec-4 Bidding Form, PPMO
• Construction planning is: 1. Personnel
• operational planning 1. Title of position
• fundamental and challenging activity in the Name
management and execution of construction 2. Title of position*
projects. Name
• It involves - 3. Title of position*
choice of technology, Name
definition of work tasks, 4. Title of position*
estimation of the required resources and durations for Name
individual tasks, and
5. Title of position*
identification of any interactions among the different
work tasks. Name
* As listed in Section 3 (Evaluation and Qualification Criteria).

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Construction Planning Construction Planning

SPD, ICB 2012, Sec-4 Bidding Form, PPMO SPD, ICB 2012, Sec-4 Bidding Form, PPMO
2.Equipment 3. Site Organization
• The Bidder shall provide adequate information to demonstrate clearly that it • The Bidder shall show here in an Organogram format
has the capability to meet the requirements for the key equipment listed in
Section 3 (Evaluation and Qualification Criteria). A separate Form shall be the organization of his site personnel showing clearly
prepared for each item of equipment listed, or for alternative equipment designated duties and responsibilities and the chain
proposed by the Bidder. .
of command throughout the structure. Included in
Type of Equipment the chart shall be the names of respective personnel.
Equipment Name of manufacturer Model and power rating
Information 4. Method Statement
Current
Capacity*
Current location
Year of manufacture
• The Bidder shall provide here a brief description of
Status how the Works are to be undertaken. The
Details of current commitments
description shall indicate how each activities are to
Source Indicate source of the equipment be undertaken.
o Owned o Rented o
Leased o Specially manufactured

Construction Planning Construction Planning

SPD, ICB 2012, Sec-4 Bidding Form, PPMO
3. Site Organization
• The Bidder shall show here in an Organogram format
the organization of his site personnel showing clearly
designated duties and responsibilities and the chain
of command throughout the structure. Included in
the chart shall be the names of respective personnel.
4. Method Statement
• The Bidder shall provide here a brief description of
how the Works are to be undertaken. The
description shall indicate how each activities are to
be undertaken.
SPD, ICB 2012, Sec-4 Bidding Form, PPMO
5. Mobilization Schedule
• The Bidder shall provide here a general description of the
arrangements and methods which he proposes to adopt for the
execution of the Works which shall include but not be limited
to:-
– Mobilization period including periods required for establishing the
Contractor’s offices, workshops etc. and the facilities required for
the Engineer and his staff.
– Sources of Contractor’s equipment and mobilization periods for
items of plant.
6. Construction Schedule
• The Bidder shall provide here his proposed programme for
construction of the Works within the Time for Completion. The
programme shall be presented in the form of a bar chart
showing main construction activities with Milestones.
Associated groups of construction equipment shall be listed.

Scheduling Methods Scheduling Methods

• There are several forms of schedules and several Gantt chart/ Bar chart
methods used to determine accurately the schedule. • The Gantt chart or bar chart used today was developed in the
early 1900’s from a several different charts used by Mr. Henry
• Methods in general use: Gantt to communicate between management and employees
i. Task matrix, about what work was to be accomplished on a given day
ii. Gantt chart, • Each bar represents the amount of time that its respective task
will take.
iii. Network diagram, and • Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal
iv. Line-of-balance scheduling. elements and summary elements of a project.
• Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work
breakdown structure of the project.
• Although now regarded as a common charting technique, Gantt
charts were considered revolutionary when first introduced.
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Scheduling Methods Scheduling Methods

Gantt chart/ Bar chart Gantt chart-
• two dimensional chart.
• x-axis shows the project timeline.
• y-axis is a list of specific activities
that must be accomplished to
complete the project.
• These activities are typically listed in
order of earliest start on the project.
• The content of the bar chart are bars
that show the planned (and/or actual)
start and end times for each task. • Gantt chart- Advantages
• most bar charts show a pattern of bars • Gantt charts have become a common technique for representing
that begin in the upper left of the chart the phases and activities of a project WBS so they can be
and proceed to bars that complete the understood by a wide audience all over the world.
project displayed in the bottom right • A Gantt chart is useful and valuable for small projects that fit on a
of the chart.
single sheet or screen
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Schedules and Plans Construction Safety

• Schedules: • Proactive safety planning during all phases of construction is
• Information to be included : essential in order to reduce the risk associated with
– Description of each submittal, and name of subcontractor construction and renovation activities, as well as eliminate
hazards to construction workers, faculty, staff, students, and
– Dates of each submission the public.
– Specification section reference • This includes the management and implementation of the
– Final date for completion consultant’s review Construction Safety Standard, pre-construction planning,
– Mock-ups/ Sample installations evaluation of contractor safety performance, development of
• Quality Assurance Plan a project hazard analysis, detailed review of high-risk
– Sources of materials activities, and administration of a comprehensive substance
abuse prevention program.
– Tests and Frequency of tests
– Responsible persons for quality assurance and control
– QA/QC process and Procedure

Quality Management System (QMS) Six Problem Solving Steps for Quality
 Service Quality is,
 Fitness of use/customer expectation, • Identify
 Consistency to delivery (conformance) and – Recognize the symptoms
 Design quality subject to Continuous Improvement. • Define
Quality by design- before the Product Line, In the PL, – Agree on the problem and set boundaries
End of the PL
 QM is the planning, organizing, Controlling/Monitoring • Investigate
and directing of processes to ensure the objective are – Collect data
met. • Analyze
 Whereas, TQM is more than QM in terms of system – Use quality tools to aid
approach, communications, commitment, policy,
culture, control, leadership (Oakland & Sohal1996) in • Solve
order to improve competitiveness, effectiveness, – Develop the solution and implement
focuses on prevention not detection. • Confirm
– Follow up to ensure that the solution is effective

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Quality Management System (QMS)
• Overview of Quality and Quality Management :-
• ISO 9000 QMS:
 Foundation for quality excellence
 Documentation of Procedures
 Consistency of Service Quality
 Framework for Service Benchmarking
 Basis for Knowledge enhancement
 Continuous Improvement
why QM is Important to the Construction Industry
• 3 main reasons for pursuit of quality (Beckford, J 1998:
Quality A critical Introduction Chap 1) :-
• Social :Post-war era and recognition of quality on mgt
platforms (Mayo, Herzberg & McGregor – different ways of
designing & managing jobs/orgs)
• Unemployment levels cause by achieving quality?? - Minimize
waste of talent, costs of defects, wastages and maintenance.
E.g , zero defects, no rework or rectification. Efficient systems.
In USA 25% of bldg cost due to waste and defects, Failures in
design in UK amounted to > £ 1Bn Studies showed 10%
improvement in construction efficiency adds 2.5% to GDP
(Australia, CIDA1993)
Quality Management
• Quality Control
• Quality Assurance
• Total Quality Management
• Quality Engineering,
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Why QM is Important to the Construction Industry
• Attainment of acceptable levels of quality in the construction
industry has long been a problem.
• The manufacturing industry has developed Total Quality
Management (TQM) concepts, first applied in Japan and in
the in the United States, which have increased productivity,
decreased product cost and improved product reliability.
• These concepts are also applicable to the construction
industry. For example, Japanese construction companies,
benefiting from the experiences of Japanese manufacturers,
began implementing TQM during the 1970s.
• Even though construction is a creative, one-time process, the
Japanese construction industry embraced the TQM concepts
that some argued could only apply to mass production.
why QM is Important to the Construction Industry
• 3 main reasons for pursuit of quality (Beckford, J 1998:
Quality A critical Introduction Chap 1) :-
• Ethical :
 Emergence of environmental movements.
 Minimize environmental damage, Global warming. Proper Waste
and dumping of waste designs. Whose responsibility? At national
and organization levels. At manager and individual level
• Other Factors:
 Technological impact : innovation, export technology, state-of the
art materials and equipment, Internet Technology, disruptive
technologies.
 Legal & Political : Privatization & deregulations, reforms National
reputation. Govt. Incentives for exporting services and Knowledge-
based global economy. Regulations and statutory requirements.
Quality Management…
• Quality Engineering:
involves the application of procedures to ensure that
the engineering and design for a structure proceed
according to recommended and mandatory criteria set
by related codes, authorities and organizations; while
it produce a facility that most economically serves the
owner’s needs.
• Many of these standards are required by law and /or codes
• It is very expensive to correct mistakes once construction has
begun
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Quality Management… Quality Management…

• Quality control
• Development and application of procedures that will, at • Quality assurance
economical levels, assure attainment of desired quality when the • Generally a broader, term encompasses both Quality Engineering
project is constructed and Quality Control
• This includes
• This process includes 1. application of standards and procedures to insure that a product/ facility
1. Setting specific standard for performance (Plan and Specification) meets or exceeds desired performance criteria
2. Measuring variances from the standards (Supervision and Tests) 2. Documentation to verify the results obtained
3. Taking actions to correct/ minimize adverse variances
4. Planning for improvements in the standards themselves and conformance with
the standards

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Quality Management… Elements of Quality

1. Quality Characteristics
Total Quality Management
2. Quality of Design
Quality Assurance 3. Quality of Conformance
Quality Control

All these factors have cost implication on the project

Detection of errors
Verification of conformity As with the quality of design, there is a close correlation
between standards for conformance and the cost of achieving
Prevention of errors
those standards
Continuous Improvement

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Elements of Quality… Quality Performance – Contractor’s

Obligation
1. Quality Characteristics: those properties chosen to define the
nature of a product for design and control purpose, e.g. for • In one way or another, directly or indirectly, explained
concrete- compressive strength, slump, aggregate size, w/c in one or another clauses of contract, ultimately
ratio etc.
contractor is made responsible for any non
2. Quality of Design: relates to the design tolerances set for the
conformance in construction
chosen characteristics that will enable a product to function at
the desired level of reliability and economy, e.g. Re-bar • Contractor performing quality works do not need to
spacing- 120mm +/- 5mm, no more than 20% cubes have the depend on the mercy of client or the engineer for their
strength of 200kg/sq. cm
work to be approved and paid
3. Quality of Conformance: is the degree to which the physical
work produced confirms to the specified design

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Quality Performance – Contractor’s Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)

Obligation…
• Ultimate responsibility of quality is of contractor and
they should show more concern about quality and
achieve the same at lower cost
• Quality is about achieving high quality in low cost and
not high quality at high cost and low quality at low
cost, Hence, appropriate shift would improve quality
and savings
QAP-
All those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide
adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy given
requirements
Concept of QAP for the public works is thought to be useful for:
• Cost effectiveness, time efficiency and material Quality of
public works
• Facilitating monitoring and evaluation of output of the project
• Maintaining transparency
QAP shall be prepared and submitted to the Engineer by the Contractor

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Quality and Specification Quality and Specification…

• Specification is a document where the level of intended quality • Specification serves the bidders to guide about the client’s
is specified intended quality requirements
• Specifications are a clear and concise description of materials • It is a part of Contract Document and serves as a guide for
and workmanship including the methods of construction and Supervisors, Engineers and Fabricators
precautions to be taken
• Priority in case of discrepancies:
• The client prepares specification and mentions his quality Priced BoQ- Spec- Drawing
requirements
• Types of Specification
• It should not be vague or unclear and it should exactly mention 1. Contract Specification
1. General
what client is looking for 2. Particular
2. Standard Specification
• A standard specification would be of much help for 3. Overall Performance Specification
departmental repetitive works 4. Manufacturer’s Specification
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Quality and Supervision Quality and Supervision...

Construction Supervision is necessary to:
• ensure the works are constructed in accordance with the
design and specification,
• safeguard the quality of construction, oversee the safety of
the works, and when required,
• provide a cost-monitoring service to the client
• Contract Administration and Supervision of contract is
normally performed by the supervision Consultant, i.e.
Engineer (FIDIC MDB)
• Monitoring of the supervision of works performed by the
Engineer is the responsibility of Clients’ Project Manager
• Other Project Staffs shall assist PM to monitor the work

The role varies depending on the contract e.g. re-measure, Design & Build
(D&B), Design, Build, Finance & Operate (DBFO), and Early Contractor
Involvement (ECI) and whether our client is the Employer or the Contractor

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Documents made available at site
• All the contract documents and other related
documents shall be made available at site by the
Contractor as well as by the employer.
• The documents includes but not limited to:-
– Condition of Contract (GCC, PCC),
– Drawings(Tender Drawings, Contract Drawings/ Shop
Drawings),
– BoQ,
– Specification (General, Special)
– Codes
– Lab testing manuals and Test Reports
– Others
Thank You
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Assignment
1. Prepare a list showing the duty and responsibilities of
Employer’s Project Manager, Consultant’s Team Leader
and Contractor’s Contract Manager for a successful
construction project.
2. What is Kick off meeting? Why it is important in a
construction Project management? Prepare a typical kick
off meeting agenda for a construction project.
3. What is Quality management? Prepare a good Quality
Assurance Plan for a Multi- storey office Building
Construction project.
4. Mention the importance of Construction Planning and
Scheduling. Prepare a typical work schedule for a Road
Upgrading Project with total contract duration of 15
months.
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