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ACTIVITY NO. 2
READING A PRIMARY SOURCE VS. A SECONDARY SOURCE
Direction: Read the Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General by Santiago Alvarez and The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan by
Teodoro Agoncillo and examine their respective claims about the Tejeros Convention through the matrix below. A credit of up to 10 points shall be allotted
for each item in each box, hence a total of 200 points for all.
A. TEST OF AUTHENTICITY
1
FOR NON-BA HISTORY MAJORS ONLY
ACTIVITY NO. 2
READING A PRIMARY SOURCE VS. A SECONDARY SOURCE
paper with some torn paper of the Battle of Dalahican". Tejeros Convention (1896) Where Lumbreras and seated with him
present. The bindings of the Although marginalized within the election for the 1st president of the at the long presidential table
pages seemed to be falling off ranks of the revolution with the philippines was held where along with Andres Bonifacio and
suggesting that the book has ascendancy of a rival faction, AGUINALDO and BONIFACIO are all of the Magdiwang. Among the
been kept for quite some time. Alvarez continued to support the the participants Magdalo is seated at the
There are also donation stamps cause of the revolution. After the presidential table, and all the
marked at the first few pages as revolution, he enrolled at the other were standing in the group
well as the bottom part (tail) of the University of Santo Tomas, later seated. The environment is full of
book. It also had crease marks at transferred to the Colegio de San tension and stress, it’s like
the spine of the book which Juan de Letran where he obtained everyone is a ticking bomb that
suggest that the book has been a Bachelor of Arts. He then took everytime is going to explode.
opened a lot of times. The book up law at the Liceo de Manila.
was published by Ateneo de
Manila press with cooperation Upon establishment of the
with University of Wisconsin- American civil government in the
Madison Center of Southeast Philippines, Alvarez assisted
Asian Studies in 1992 and was Pascual H. Poblete, Lope K.
donated to Ninoy Aquino Library Santos and many others in the
and Learning Resources Center in organization of the Nacionalista
PUP Sta Mesa around 2006. The Party, wherein he later became
thickness of the book reaches up president of its directorate.
to 1 inch
In 1902, he presided over the
Junta Magna de la Comisión de la
Paz (Great Council of the Peace
Commission). The Junta was
created to accelerate the
rehabilitation of the country from
the destruction caused by the war.
2
FOR NON-BA HISTORY MAJORS ONLY
ACTIVITY NO. 2
READING A PRIMARY SOURCE VS. A SECONDARY SOURCE
3
FOR NON-BA HISTORY MAJORS ONLY
ACTIVITY NO. 2
READING A PRIMARY SOURCE VS. A SECONDARY SOURCE
B. TEST OF CREDIBILITY
SOURCE OF
Objectives of the Event Arguments of the Sources Persons Involved in the Event Biases of the Author
HISTORY
The objective of the event was to Arguments of Santiago Alvarez Andres Bonifacio With our own understanding, the
Katipunan and primarily discuss about bolstering Tejeros Convention: Emilio Aguinaldo excerpt described the events with
the Revolution: the defense of the areas under “He described the elections as Jacinto Lumbreras full neutrality. There were
Memoirs of a Magdiwang’s control. However, it spoiled by unevenness. There are Captain General Santiago Alvarez dialogues included which helped
General was soon forgotten due to the circumstances of irregularities, Severino De Las Alas the readers distinguish the
argument of Mr. Severino de las when slips of paper were gave to Daniel Tirona characteristics and attitudes of
Alas, claiming that their the participants on which to name Artemio Ricarte each person involved. We
revolutionary government’s future their preferred candidates, many Mariano Trias noticed that there were not much
is much more important; This in of the slips already had writing on Mariano Alvarez adjectives which may suggest
turn yielded their initial agenda them. Other observers of the Baldomero Aguinaldo subjectivity and bias used.
behind as to elect the joint officers meeting saw ballot intervention, Emiliano R. De Dios
of the two factions in return. voting by unqualified voters, and Diego Mojica We can therefore conclude that
variety of misconduct." the events in the excerpt were
narrated rather than explained.
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FOR NON-BA HISTORY MAJORS ONLY
ACTIVITY NO. 2
READING A PRIMARY SOURCE VS. A SECONDARY SOURCE
The objective of the event was Arguments of Teodoro Agoncillo the Andres Bonifacio Unlike in the first one, adjectives
The Revolt of the very suspicious and it somehow revolt of masses: Mariano Alvarez that suggest subjectivity and bias
Masses: The leads to the dirty process of "In dealing with Andres Bonifacio Emilio Aguinaldo were clearly stated in this
Story of election. It allegedly describes and the Katipunan, I have laid more Artemio Ricarte excerpt. Statements such as
Bonifacio and the how the Magdalo faction was emphasis on the latter than on its Juan Castañeda “Bonifacio’s gestures and
Katipunan planning to manipulate the result, founder and organizer, firstly Baldomero Aguinaldo behaviour that he regarded
that’s why Bonifacio earned a low because of the dearth of materials Vicente Fernandez himself superior and acted as if
position despite being the founder on his life, and secondly, because it Daniel Tirona he were a king.” and “The
of the Katipunan. is my belief that Bonifacio can best Esteban San Juan delegates, mostly belonging to
be seen and appreciated against
Edilberto Evangelista the Magdiwang, lazily trooped
the backdrop of the revolutionary
It also aims to determine on what Santiago Alvarez that sultry afternoon to the
society. He could not have been
type of government should they greater than the Katipunan. Nor Captain Mariano San Gabriel spacious estate-house of
pursue and they ended up being could he have risen above it. To Antonio Montenegro Tejeros.” were basically implying
in a Republic type of government. understand him, one must Jose Del Rosario that the author sides with the
They somewhat ignored the understand the Katipunan. He Emilio Jacinto Magdalo faction more than the
desire to strengthen the defenses looms great because of the society. Magdiwang faction. He described
of the Magdiwang faction to the He must, therefore, be seen in and Andres Bonifacio as if he’s an
whole Cavite province. through the Katipunan, and this arrogant man that has been led
method of unravelling the thin and astray by his need for recognition
scattered threads of his life is valid not only during the election, but
only because of the lack of for the whole duration of the
materials.” revolutionary war as well. He also
described the Magdalo faction as
silent observers.
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FOR NON-BA HISTORY MAJORS ONLY
ACTIVITY NO. 2
READING A PRIMARY SOURCE VS. A SECONDARY SOURCE
C. FINDING / CONCLUSION
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