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Matlab Tutorials in Surveying Mathematics, Tutorials for 2nd year students

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Ahmed Abdalla Paul H Denys

Leibniz Universität Hannover University of Otago
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 MATLAB Tutorial

SURV202
Survey Mathematics

Orginal author: Ahmed Abdalla

Revised by: Paul Denys

School of Surveying

Otago University

Dunedin

July 2012
Contents

Contents ii

List of Tables v

List of Figures vi

Preliminaries 1

1 Calculations and Graphs 3

1.1 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.2 String variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.2.1 Assigning numerical values for Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2.2 Variable names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.3 Matrices and Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3.1 Generating Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.3.2 Generating Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.3.3 Special Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.4 Matrices and Vectors operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.5 Matrix Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.6 Mathematical Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.7 Two-dimensional plotting in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.8 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2 Reading and Writing Files 15

2.1 Reading ascii les to MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.1.1 Reading les with load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.1.2 Reading les with dlmread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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CONTENTS iii

2.1.3 Reading strings data with readtext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.1.4 Performing basic calculations on loaded data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.2 Saving output data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.2.1 Saving les with `fid' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.2.2 Saving les with `dlmwrite' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.3 Time and date conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.4 Advanced plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4.1 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4.2 Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4.3 Line and Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4.4 Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.4.5 Multiplots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3 Programming with MATLAB 25

3.1 Conditions and Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.1.1 The `If ... end' statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.1.2 The `while ... end' statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.1.3 The `for ... end' statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.2 M-le Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3.3 M-le Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.4 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4 Surface, Contour and Vector Field Plots 31

4.1 Contour and Surface plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.2 Contour Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.2.1 Format Geoid Spatial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.2.2 Function contour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.3 Surface Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.3.1 Function mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.3.2 Function surf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

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iv CONTENTS

5 Levelling Networks 37
5.1 Observations of equal precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5.2 Observation precision proportional to distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

5.3 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

6 Resection and Intersection Calculations 47

6.1 Resection by Distance Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

6.2 Resection By Unoriented Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

6.3 Intersection by Bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

6.4 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

7 Geoid-Ellipsoid Surface Calculations 58

7.1 Geoid-Ellipsoid model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

7.2 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

8 Horizontal Transformation Calculations 62

8.1 Conformal Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

8.2 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Suggested References 67

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List of Tables

1.1 MATLAB Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.2 Arithmetic operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.3 Matrix operation conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.4 Arthimetic operations for matrices and vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.5 Matrix functions in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.6 Mathematical functions in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5.1 Levelling observation data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5.2 Levelling observation data: precision proportional to distance . . . . . . . . . . . 42

6.1 Distance resection: coordinates and distance observations to x station P . . . . 47

6.2 Direction resection: coordinates and distance observations to x station P . . . . 51

6.3 Bearing Intersection: coordinates and distance observations to x station P . . . 54

7.1 Orthometric and Geodetic Heights, North Dunedin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

8.1 Horizontal transformation coordinate data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

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 List of Figures

1.7.1 Sine function plot with range [−π : 0.1 : π] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.7.2 Cosine function plot with range [−π : 0.1 : π] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.7.3 Combined trigonometric functions plot tan(sin(x)) − sin(tan(x)) . . . . . . . . . 13

2.4.1 A solid line plot with circles as markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.4.2 Fancy informative plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.4.3 Multiplots gure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.2.1 MATLAB Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3.3.1 Structure of MATLAB Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4.2.1 Figure tool bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.2.2 Default contour map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.2.3 Contour map with labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.2.4 Contour map with a colour scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.3.1 Three-dimensional plot using the `mesh' function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.3.2 Three-dimensional plot using the `meshz' function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.3.3 Three-dimensional plot using the `surf' function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.3.4 Three-dimensional plot using the `surfl' function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

School of Surveying, University of Otago Version 12.02 ( July 2012 )

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