REVISION THEORY

a) Develop a conceptual framework and discuss the relationship between variable involved.

Moderating Variable (MV)

Better Public
Hire School Bus
Transport

Transportation

Working Parents
School Absenteeism

Personality
Dependent Variable (DV)

Homework

Independent Variable (IV)

b) Develop 4 Research Objectives and 4 Research Questions.

RO1: To verify how far transportation issues influence the increasing rate of absenteeism
among the school children.

RO2: To verify how far working parents issues influence the increasing rate of absenteeism
among the school children.

RO3: To figure out how far personality issues influence the increasing rate of absenteeism
among the school children.

RO4: To figure out how far homework issues influence the increasing rate of absenteeism
among the school children.

RO5: To discover which issues most issues influence the increasing rate of absenteeism
among the school children.

RQ1: How far transportation issues influence the increasing rate of absenteeism among the
school children?

RQ2: How far working parents issues influence the increasing rate of absenteeism among the
school children?

RQ3: How far personality issues influence the increasing rate of absenteeism among the
school children?

RQ4: How far homework issues influence the increasing rate of absenteeism among the
school children?

RO5: Which issues most issues influence the increasing rate of absenteeism among the school
children?
c) Develop 3 Directional Hyphotesis and 3 Non-Directional Hyphotesis.

DH1: There is a higher increasing rate that influence an absenteeism among the school
children and transportation issues.

DH2: There is a higher increasing rate that influence an absenteeism among the school
children and working parents.

DH3: There is a higher increasing rate that influence an absenteeism among the school
children and personality issues.

DH4: There is a higher increasing rate that influence an absenteeism among the school
children and homework issues.

NDH1: There is a relationship influencing the increasing rate between transportation issues
and absenteeism among the school children.

NDH2: There is a relationship influencing the increasing rate between working parents issues
and absenteeism among the school children.

NDH3: There is a relationship influencing the increasing rate between personality issues
and absenteeism among the school children.

NDH4: There is a relationship influencing the increasing rate between homework issues
and absenteeism among the school children.

d) State the problem statement.

There is an increasing rate of absenteeism among the school children in Puncak Alam for
the last three (3) months this year that can affected their studies if it is not treated. The
issues that causes increasing rate of an absenteeism are transportion, working parents,
personality and homework. They also found out that better public transport in Puncak Alam
area and those working parents who hired a school bus to send their children could unravel
the problem of absenteeism.
 e) Develop 1:
i) Nominal measurement
1. What is your gender?
 Male  Female

2. What is your race?

 Malay  Chinese

 Indian  Others: _______________

ii) Interval measurement

PART B: TO IDENTIFY THE POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ABSENTEEISM

STRONGLY DISAGREE NEUTRAL AGREE STRONGLY

NO STATEMENT DISAGREE AGREE
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1. I found it is difficult for me to get a
public transport to go to school
2. Both of my parents are working and
can’t send me to school
3. I feel boring with the school
environment
4. There are lots of homework need to
finish and submit

iii) Ratio measurement

How many days have you been absent from school over the past 1 month?

 0 – 5 days

 6 – 11 days

 12 – 17 days

 18 days and above

 iv) Ordinal measurement

Which of the following do you think the most TOP issues you has absent from school.

1. Bad service of public transport ( )

2. Working parents ( )
3. Boring with school environment ( )
4. Lots of homework ( )

f) Identify

iii. The Unit of analysis

The unit of analysis refer to the level of aggregation of data collected doing from interviews and
investigation stage. For this purpose, data will have to be collected from each individual each a
primary school children in Puncak Alam and the unit analysis is the individual.

iv. The population of the study

The population is an individual that has one or more characteristics in common and that are of
interest to the researchers. Based on data from teacher from a primary School child in Puncak Alam
the total population student in Puncal Alam in 200 students.

v. The sample of this study

The sample of study is refer to as physically representing the population among a primary school
children in Puncak Alam, The sampling frame for the study will be obtained from one of teacher
school. Sample siza 132 school children.

vi. Identify the best sampling technique for this study and justify

The best sampling technique for this study is Cluster sampling (area sampling) because can be
categorized, which means the sampling unit is a Cluster or group consist of population elements.
Cluster geographic areas for example district and state and the cost per element is low .
 i) The extent of researcher interference
It is depending on either the study is correlational or causal study. Based on the case
study, the exploratory and descriptive study are conducted in the natural environment of
the organization where the researcher minimally interferes the normal flow of work with
just distribute the questionnaires and conducted some interviews. The researcher just want
to study the issues that most affected the increasing rate of absenteeism among the school
children in Puncak Alam for the last three months. As a result, the researcher uses
minimal extend of researcher interference types for the study.

ii) The time horizon

Multiple cross-sectional designs, there are two or more samples of respondents, and
information from each sample is obtained only once. Often, information from different
samples is obtained at different times. The time horizon of this study is Multiple Cross
Sectional design, there a two or more samples of respondents and information from each
sample is obtain only once . Information differences a sample is obtain at difference times.

iii) The unit of analysis

Data will be collected from each individual and the unit of analysis is the individual.
iv) The population of this study
The population of this study is school children at Puncak Alam.
v) The sample of this study
Based on the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table, the minimum questionnaire that must distribute
is 1000. Thus, the sample size that should be return and analyzed at least reaches to 269.
vI) Identify the best sampling technique for this study and justify
Stratified Random Sampling
A stratified random sample is obtained by separating the population into non-overlapping groups
(strata) and then selecting a simple random sample from each stratum.
There are 10 units of primary school in Puncak Alam that averagely has 1000 students per
school. 100 questionnaires from will be distribute to each school and focusing only to standard five
(5) and six (6) students. The division of questionnaires will be 50/50 for these two (2) groups for
student.

The unit of analysis

Individual

The population of this study

Total student of primary school at Puncak Alam

The sample of this study

Primary respected school student at Puncak Alam

Identify the best sampling technique for this study and justify

Stratified Random Sampling

A stratified random sampling divides the entire population into homogeneous groups, based on
shared characteristics.Stratified random sampling involves dividing called strata.This sampling
allows researchers to obtain a sample population that best represents the entire population
being studied.It is differs from simple random sampling, which involves the random selection of
data from an entire population, so each possible sample is equally likely to occur.
This sampling captures key population characteristics in the sample. Similar to a weighted
average, this method of sampling produces characteristics in the sample that are proportional to
the overall population. Stratified random sampling works well for populations with a variety of
attributes but is otherwise ineffective if subgroups cannot be formed. Stratification gives a
smaller error in estimation and greater precision than the simple random sampling method. The
greater the differences between the strata, the greater the gain in precision.

g)