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REPUBLIC ACT 1425
(RIZAL LAW)
Rizal 031: Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings

PART 1: LESSON 1
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WHAT IS REPUBLIC ACT 1425 / RIZAL LAW?
▷ House Bill No. 5561; Senate Bill No. 438
▷ It is commonly known as the Rizal Act, established
on the 12th of June 1956 by Senator Claro M. Recto
▷ It requires the curricula of private and public
schools, colleges, and universities courses to
include works, and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly
his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
▷ It was made effective on August 16, 1956

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WHAT IS REPUBLIC ACT 1425 / RIZAL LAW?
As stated in the preamble of RA 1425 / Rizal Law;
▷ “Whereas, today more than other period for history,
there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideas of
freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived
and died.”
▷ “Whereas, all educational institutions are under the
supervision of, and subject to regulation by the
State, and all schools are enjoined to develop
moral character, personal discipline, civic
conscience, and to teach the duties of citizenship.”
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WHAT IS REPUBLIC ACT 1425 / RIZAL LAW?
▷ The law requires all schools, colleges, universities, private
or public to include in their curricula courses on life and
works of Rizal.
▷ It also states that all schools are required to have an
adequate number of copies of the original and
unexpurgated editions of El Filibusterismo and Noli Me
Tangere, as well as other works and biographies of Rizal.
▷ The purpose of Batas Rizal is to rekindle the flame of
nationalism in the hearts of Filipino, particularly the
youth. We are forgetting what our patriots have done
and given to fight for our freedom.
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FACTORS IN DETERMINING OF A PERSON
▷ Just
▷ Patient
▷ Courageous
▷ Bearer of Wisdom
▷ Respectful
▷ Nationalist

Source: National Historical Commission

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CRITERIA IN CHOOSING THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL HERO
▷ Filipino Citizen
▷ Patriot / Nationalist
▷ Has already been dead
▷ Patient

Source: National Historical Commission

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PERSONALITIES NOMINATED TO BE OUR
NATIONAL HERO
▷ Marcelo H. del Pilar
▷ Emilio Jacinto
▷ Graciano Lopez-Jaena
▷ Antonio Luna

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ISSUES ABOUT THE PROCLAMATION OF
DR. JOSE RIZAL AS NATIONAL HERO
1. He has an illegitimate son, Adolf Hitler
2. He should not be proclaimed as the national hero
because of his cowardice to fight the colonizers through
revolution
3. He was regarded as an “American-made hero”
o First Philippine Commission was formed by the US
President headed by American Governor-General
William Howard C. Taft
o Declaration of Dr. Jose Rizal as our national hero was
only their strategy to hinder our nationalistic feelings.
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ISSUES ABOUT THE PROCLAMATION OF
DR. JOSE RIZAL AS NATIONAL HERO
4. That Bonifacio or Aguinaldo should be the National
Hero, because they fought in the Revolution, while Rizal
had cautioned against it.
○ Not many people know that Bonifacio lost all of his
29 battles
○ Emilio Aguinaldo surrendered to the Americans in
1901

Rizal won over all of them – Filipinos, Spaniards, and

Americans
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 1.2
RIZAL AND HIS TIME /
FILIPINO NATIONALISM
Rizal 031: Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings

PART 1: LESSON 2
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THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
A. Social Structure
▷ The Philippine society was predominantly feudalistic
▷ This was the result of the Spanish land holding
improved upon the country with the arrival of the
conquistadores
▷ The indios (natives) were exploited by the elite class
▷ They were drafted for manual labor
▷ The Spaniards exacted all forms of taxes and tributes
○ Peninsulares – friars, Spanish officials
○ Insulares – favored natives, mestizos, creollos
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THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
B. Political System
▷ The Philippines was governed by Spain through the
Ministro de Ultramar based in Madrid
▷ Central Government
○ Governador-General – King of Spain’s
representative in the governmental affairs
○ Vice – Royal patron over religious affairs
○ Chief executive – issued orders and proclamations
○ Ex-officio - president of the Royal Audiencia
○ Commander-in-chief of the colonial armed forces
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THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
▷ Provincial Government – ALCADIA
○ Alcalde Mayor or Civil Governor (head)
▷ City Government – CABILDO or AYUNTAMIENTO (head)
○ Two alcades en-ordinario
▷ Local Government Unit – PUEBLO or TOWN
○ Gobernador Cillo or Town Mayor (head)
■ Chief Executive;
■ Chief Judge
▷ Small Government Unit – BARANGAY or BARRIO
○ Cabeza de barangay (head)
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THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
○ Cabeza de barangay (head)
■ To collect taxes and tributes from the constituents
■ Received 2% of the tax collection aside from the
4% of the Sanctorum (3 events collected each
year intended for All Saint’s Day, Holy Thursday,
and Corpus Christi).
▷ Guardia Civil
○ Organized in 1867
○ Corps of native police led by Spanish officers
○ In 1880’s feared instrument of summary arrest of any
persons denounced by friars as filibusteros
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THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
▷ Royal Audiencia
○ Highest court of the colony
○ Headed the judicial system
○ Auditor of the government finances
○ High council to which government affairs were
reffered

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THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
Sources of Weaknesses and Abuses of the Government
▷ Appointment of officials with inferior qualifications
▷ Without dedication to duty
▷ Without moral strength to resist corruption for material
advancement
▷ The lower positions were either filled
▷ Provincial Government – most corrupt government unit
○ Indulto de Comercio – license to engage in trade
○ Buying people’s products at lowest prices
○ Exacting more taxes and tributes
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THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
C. Frailocracia / Frailocracy
▷ Means “rule of the friars”
▷ Political instability in mother country
▷ Friars were found in each town, thus, they became rulers of
that political unit
■ Supervisor of local election
■ Administration of schools
■ Chairman of the board of taxation, health, & charity
■ Responsible for census taking through the parish
registrar
■ Certifies personal Identification Card (ID)
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THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
D. Education System
▷ Friars occupied a dominant position
▷ Emphasis on fear of God and obedience to the friars
▷ Indios were constantly reminded that they had inferior
intelligence
▷ Friars decided what to teach to the children
▷ College of San Juan de Letran – the only official
Secondary School for BOYS
▷ Seven Provinces had private colleges & Latin school for
general studies
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THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
▷ Secondary Education for Girls in Manila:
○ Santa Isabel; La Concordia; Santa Rosa; Asilo de
Lookan; Santa Catalina
▷ UST – is the only University in Manila
▷ Theological seminaries were established:
○ Manila; Cebu; Jaro (Iloilo); Nueva Caceres (Naga);
Nueva Segovia (Vigan)
▷ Educational Decree 1863. “Each major town in the
colony was to establish at least one elementary school
for boys and another one for girls.”
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THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
▷ Books and other materials has to pass rigid censorhip by the
Church and Civil Authorities
▷ Most serious criticisms against the Spanish educational
system are the following:
○ Overemphasis on religion
○ Limited and irrelevant curriculum
○ Obsolete classroom facilities
○ Inadequate teaching materials
○ Absence of academic freedom
■ The implementation of the Moret Decree of 1870
(secularization of higher education in the Philippines)
was opposed by the friars
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
1. Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce
○ 1834 - Spain officially opened Manila to World
Commerce
○ More ports were opened (Sual, Iloilo,
Zamboanga, Legaspi)
○ Brought prosperity to some Filipinos
○ Modern methods of agriculture and improved
means of transportation and communication
○ Emergence of Filipino middle class

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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
2. Influx of Liberal Ideas
○ 1869 - opening of Suez Canal (Europe), shortened
the distance of travel from another place
○ More liberals from Spain and other European
nations came to the country via Suez Canal
○ Foreigners brought books, newspapers, and
magazines
○ Filipinos were able to read enlightened ideas
○ Natives learned also about the American and
French revolution which provided inspiration to
them
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
3. The Secularization Movement
○ Council of Trent (1545-1563) – decided that
parishes were to be administered by Secular
(local) priest
○ Gradually, the secularization movement
became racial and national conflict among
friars curates and the seculars

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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
4. The Liberal Administration of Carlos Maria dela
Torre (1869-1871), the well-loved Spanish
Governor-general
○ Avoided extravagance and lived a simple life
○ Abolished flogging
○ Allowed Filipinos to form Comite de
Reformadores
○ Implemented the Moret Decree of 1870

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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
5. The Cavite Mutiny
○ Rafael Izquierdo (1871-1873) replaced dela Torre
○ “with the crucifix in one hand and a sword in the
other.”
○ Repealed the exemption from rendering the POLO and
the payment tirbute
○ January 20, 1872
○ About 200 Filipinos soldiers and workers in the Cavite
Arsenal revolted.
○ Led by Seregeant Fernando La Madrid
○ Through the punitive force ordered by Izquierdo La
Madrid was killed.
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
6. The Execution of GOMBURZA
○ Izquierdo magnified the mutiny as a full blown
conspiracy against Spanish rule allegedly
instigated by fathers:
■ Mariano Gomez
■ Jose Burgos
■ Jacinto Zamora
○ Found guilty in a “mock-trial”
○ Sentence to die by garrote

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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
The Execution of GOMBURZA, cont’d
○ February 17, 1872 – the three priest were
executed in Bagumbayan
○ The vast crown removed their hats and knelt
down in prayer
○ Fr. Meliton Martinez, the liberal archbishop of
Manila:
■ Refused to defrock the three priest
■ Ordered the continuous tolling of bells during
the execution
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
The Execution of GOMBURZA, cont’d
○ Result:
■ GOMBURZA – password of the Katipunan
■ “remember GomBurZa” – as slogan of the
propaganda

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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
7. The Propaganda Movement
▷ Three major factors for the peaceful campaign for reforms
○ Emergence of Filipino middle class
○ Liberal administration of Carlos Maria dela Torre
○ Execution of GOMBURZA
▷ Objectives of the Movement
○ Assimilation of the colony as a regular province of Spain
○ Secularization of parishes
○ Restoration of the Filipino representation in the Spanish
Cortes
○ Fundamental freedom of speech of the press, assembly,
and religion.
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
The Propaganda Movement, Cont’d
▷ Known Member of the Propaganda Movement
○ Jose Rizal
■ Conscience of the movement
○ Marcelo H. Del Pilar
■ Greatest political analyst
■ Founded the Diariong Tagalog
○ Graciano Lopez-Jaena
■ Prince of Filipino Orators
■ Contributed the satirical novel, Fray Botod
■ Founded the newspaper, La Solidaridad
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
The Propaganda Movement, Cont’d
○ Pedro Paterno
■ Doctor of Law
■ Wrote “Ninay”
■ Published Sampaguitas
○ Gregorio Sanciangco
■ Lawyer and economist
■ Produced the book, El progreso de Filipinas

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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
8.Masonry and Counter Propaganda
▷ Masonry
○ Popular organization for the Filipino exiles
○ Championed the rights and liberal reforms for all
▷ Masonic Lodges Founded
○ Revolution
■ By Jaena at Barcelona
○ Solidaridad
■ By Del Pilar and Julio Liprente
○ Nilad
■ By Serrano Laktaw
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
Masonry and Counter Propaganda, Cont’d
▷ Counter Propagandists
○ Pablo Feced (Quioquiap)
■ A journalist whose writings express hatred and
contempt for the reformist
■ Published Filipinas: Ezbosos Y Pinceladas
○ Wenceslao Retana (Desenganos)
■ A rabid defender of Frailocracy
○ Fr. Jose Rodriguez (OSA)
■ Concentrated his tirades against Jose Rizal
■ Wrote “Caiingat Cayo” a searing attack on the Noli
Me Tangere
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
9. La Liga Filipina
▷ Jose Basa helped in drafting the constitution
▷ July 3, 1892, formal organization at Rajah Matanda
in Tondo
○ President – Ambrosio Salvadro
○ Fiscal – Agustin Dela Rosa
○ Treasurer – Bonifacio Arevalo
○ Secretary – Deodato Arellano

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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
La Liga Filipina, Cont’d
▷ Governing Body
○ Supreme Council
○ Provincial Council
○ Popular Council
▷ 10 centavos – monthly due of each member
▷ Liga-short-lived (3 days only)
○ Three days after founding, Jose Rizal was arrested
and deported to Dapitan on orders to Governor
General Eulogio Despujol
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
10. Failure of the Reform Movement
▷ Canovite System
○ The comprise between the Spanish liberal and the
conservatives to rotate between themselves the
control of the government
▷ Problems encountered by the Propagandists
○ Inadequacy of Finances
○ Funds from the Philippines stopped
▷ La Solidaridad ceased its publication (November 15,
1895)
○ Funds from subscription also stopped
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
Failure of the Reform Movement, Cont’d
▷ Personal and Health Problems
○ Homesickness
○ Differences and conflicts opinions
▷ Del Pilar and Jaena were compelled to change
their political platform from assimilation to
separation on revolt
○ Two months after La Solidaridad folded up,
Jaena died
○ Del Pilar died on July 4, 1896
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DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
11. The Philippinr Revolution of 1896
▷ Andres Bonifacio, a radical member of the Liga initiated the
Katipunan of KKK
○ Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galagan, Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan
▷ Primary Objective of Katipunan
○ To unite Filipinos and struggle for the separation from
Spain through armed conflict
○ August 22, 1896
■ Katipunan had conference in Balintawak
■ Philippine Revolution begun with tearing of their
CEDULAS
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