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16 Personality Types

First, Carl Jung formulated the theory of psychological types (Jung, 1971). Then The
Myers–Briggs Type Indicator became a common test for finding out one’s personality
type. (Briggs Myers, 1980). Later, psychologist David Keirsey named and described
each of the 16 personality types. In the above info graphic, you can see how all these
typologies overlap.

David Keirsey expanded on the ancient study of temperament by Hippocrates and


Plato. In his works, Keirsey used the names suggested by Plato: Artisan (iconic),
Guardian (pistic), Idealist (noetic), and Rational (dianoetic). Keirsey divided the four
temperaments into two categories (roles), each with two types (role variants). The
resulting 16 types correlate with the 16 personality types described by Briggs and Myers
(MBTI).

The Protectors (SJs)


ESTJ – The “Overseer”
ESTJs are responsible, logical, norm-following hard workers. Their efforts are
carried out in a practical, structured manner. ESTJs trust facts and experiences
more than theories.

ISTJ – The “Examiner”


ISTJs are responsible, loyal and hard working. They have an acute sense of right
and wrong and work hard at preserving established norms and traditions. Because
of their deep sense of duty they are dedicated to everything they do and are very
dependable.

ESFJ – The “Supporter”


ESFJs are social butterflies that value relationships, supporting and nurturing others.
Never one to shy away from social events, they are often the host. They are great
encouragers of teamwork.

ISFJ – The “Defender”


ISFJs are traditional, loyal, quiet and kind. They are very sensitive to other people’s
needs because they are very observant. They have rich inner thoughts and
emotions. They value stability and cultural norms.
The Creators (SPs)
ISTP – The “Craftsman”
ISTPs are adventurous and independent. They like to figure out how things work. They
have great mechanical and technical skills. They live in the “here and now” which
makes them adaptable and spontaneous.

ESTP – The “Persuader”


ESTPs are action-loving, “here and now” realists with excellent people skills. Informal,
risk-taking, fast-paced and adaptable, they are not always in agreement with rules and
regulations.

ISFP – The “Artist”


ISFPs are artistic, creative, loyal and sensitive. They have a keen appreciation for
beauty because of their highly developed senses.

ESFP – The “Entertainer”


ESFPs are cooperative, “here and now” people-persons that enjoy excitement and love
new adventures. Because of their highly social nature, they are especially lively when
they are the center of attention and hate being alone.

The Intellectuals (NTs)


ENTJ – The “Chief”
ENTJs are strategic, organized and possess natural leadership qualities. They are
master coordinators that can effectively give direction to groups.

INTJ – The “Strategist”


INTJs are introspective, analytical, determined with natural leadership ability. They
prefer to stay in the background while leading. Strategic and adaptable, INTJs are
talented at bringing ideas from conception to reality.

ENTP – The “Originator”


ENTPs are logical, innovative, curious and downright inventive. They see possibilities
for improvement everywhere and possess the ability to understand complex concepts.

INTP – The “Engineer”


INTPs are logical, individualistic, reserved, and very curious individuals. They focus on
ideas, theories and the explanation of how things work. They are especially adept at
discussions and debate.
The Visionaries (NFs)
ENFJ – The “Mentor”
ENFJs are externally focused, introspective, altruistic, positive and have excellent
people skills. They are warm and have a natural desire to be supportive and
encouraging.

INFJ – The “Confidant”


INFJs, making up an estimated 1% of all people, are the most rare type. They are
introspective, caring, sensitive, gentle and complex people that strive for peace and
derive satisfaction from helping others.

ENFP – The “Advocate”


ENFPs are introspective, values-oriented, inspiring, social and extremely expressive.
They actively send their thoughts and ideas out into the world.

INFP – The “Dreamer”


INFPs are introspective, private, creative and highly idealistic individuals who have a
constant desire for meaning. They are driven by their values and seek peace.
Empathetic and compassionate, they want to help others.

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