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RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION
In Accordance With ASME BPV Section V – Article 2, 2007 and
ASME B31.3, 2004 As Acceptance Criteria
QU/RT/003
The signatures below indicate, Review and Authorization of all the numbered pages in this Operating
Procedures up to and including the date of Authorization. This Procedure is invalid without page 1.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION NO TITLE
1.0. SCOPE
2.0. REFERENCES AND APPLICABLE CODES
3.0. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION & RESPONSIBILITY
4.0. SAFETY
5.0. EQUIPMENTS
6.0. FILM, PROCESSING AND LEAD INTENSIFYING SCREENS
7.0. SURFACE PREPARATION
8.0. DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF BACK SCATTERED RADIATION
9.0. SYSTEM RADIOGRAPHS IDENTIFICATION
10.0. FILM AND SOURCE PLACEMENT
11.0. IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR (IQI) & PLACEMENT
12.0. SHARPNESS OF RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE AND SOURCE
TO FILM DISTANCE
13.0. QUALITY AND INTERPRETATION OF RADIOGRAPHS
14.0. QUALIFICATION OF TESTING PROCEDURE / TECHNIQUE SHEETS
15.0. EXTENT OF EXAMINATION
16.0. REPORTING
17.0. RE – EXAMINATION
18.0. ACCEPTENCE CRITERIA
Appendix 1 SINGLE WALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE
Appendix 2 EXPOSURE TECHNIQUE FOR FLAT COMPONENTS
Appendix 3 PLACEMENT OF LOCATION MARKERS
Appendix 4 IQI DESIGNATION AND SELECTION
Appendix 5 ASTM WIRE – TYPE PENETRAMETER
Appendix 6 HOLE – TYPE IQI PENETRAMETER
Appendix 7 PERIODIC VERIFICATION CERTIFICATE
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1.0 SCOPE
1.1. This testing procedure describes the requirements, technique evaluation and
interpretation of radiographic testing on boilers and pressure vessels.
1.2. Specific testing parameter are detailed in the technique sheet.
4.0 SAFETY
All radiographers and assistants shall abide to the safety requirements and rules at all times
when performing radiographic work or handling of radio isotopes.
This manual formed part of the employment condition for the employees. Client safety
procedure shall be followed in addition to the in-house safety manual.
5.0 EQUIPMENT
5.1 Generally the X-ray unit, Ir-192 and Se-75 Gamma ray system shall be used.
5.2 Gamma source unit shall be of the remote (wind-out) type
Example Tech-ops model 660 gamma camera. The cameras shall be tested and certified
by the manufacturer prior to shipment to the end user.
In addition, it is mandatory requirement that these cameras be inspected periodically by
the National Atomic Energy (BATAN).
5.3 Small Control Area Radiography ( S.C.A.R ) system with Sentinel model 959 projector
including controls, pipe mounting jigs and shield Se-75 source with a maximum of 30
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curie strength.
5.4 Source strength of Ir-192 will be 100 curies maximum.
5.5 All personnel radiation safety devices shall be calibrated and in good working
condition. Record of dosage and calibration of devices shall be maintained and
available for inspection at all times.
5.6 The recommended thickness range (testing limit) for Ir-192 is as follow :
IQI. The Shim dimensions shall exceed the IQI dimensions and outline of at least three
sides of the IQI image shall be visible.
11.3 IQIs / penetrameters shall meet the requirements of ASME V, i.e. wire type (SE-747) or
hole type (SE-1025) see T233 Valid for Appendix 2
11.4 One IQI shall be used for 10” x 4” film and two IQI shall be used for 15” x 4” or larger
films.
11.5 IQI shall be placed at the least advantage position across the area of interest with
thinnest wire facing outward except when using panoramic technique).
The identification of the IQI shall not obscure the image of the area of interest.
11.6 Placement of IQIs
IQI shall be on the source side of the component being radiographed. If the source side
is inaccessible, the IQI may be placed on the film side for which letters ‘F’ shall appear,
provided the radiograph’s sensitivity as stipulated in section 13.0 can be achieved. If
necessary, procedure qualification can be carried out on a test weld (having same
dimensions as the production weld) on which IQI s can be placed on both source and
film sides. When the source side IQI achieved the required sensitivity , the smallest
corresponding wire discernible on the film used for production radiography.
Ft
Ug = -------
D
Where :
F = Source size , the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or
focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the component
being radiographer.
D = Source to object distance.
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t = Thickness of component, assuming the film is intact with the component, plus
the space between the film and component. In double wall – double – image
technique on piping, the outside diameter shall be considered as it.
ii. The diameter of the smallest discernible wire image of the IQI on the parent metal
adjacent to the weld-toe-shall be considered.
iii. For double wall double image exposure, that IQI sensitivity shall be computed
based on double wall thickness . The IQI sensitivity shall be 3% or better.
13.5 Viewing room for radiographs shall be provided with subdued background lighting of
an intensity that will not cause shadow or glare on the radiographs. The viewer shall
have minimum 30,000 Lux of Light Intensity to properly illuminate radiographs with H
& D density of up 3.5 and adjustment of intensity will be incorporated.
13.6 All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other blemishes to the extent
that they cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of
interest in the radiograph, such blemishes include but are not limited to :
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i. Fogging
ii. Processing defects such as streaks, water marks or chemical stains.
iii. Scratches , finger marks, crimps, dirt, static marks, smudges or tears.
iv. False indications due to defective screens or internal faults.
16.0 REPORTING
16.1 Interpretation of radiographs shall be reported on the standard radiographic report
format (see attached).
16.2 Accompanying the reports, radiographs of each component shall be presented to the
client in film folders with all the necessary information including result of
interpretation, printed name and signature, recorded on the outside for easy reference.
16.3 A copy of the radiographic report shall be keep and maintained by PT. Qualita Utama
for filing and record.
16.4 Client is responsible for maintaining and safekeeping of the reports and radiographs.
K
17.0 RE-EXAMINATION
17.1 An item showing unacceptable defects ,when repaired, shall be re-examined using the
same RT technique as originally used.
b.3 ¾” (19.0 mm) for t over 2 ¼” (57 mm) where t is the thickness of
the thinner portion of the weld
c. Any group of indications in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of
12t, except where the distance between the successive indications exceed 6L where L is
the longest indication in the group
d. Porosity in excess of that shown as acceptable in Appendix A-250 of ASME BPV Section
I, 2007 Edition and Addenda 2009
e. Root concavity when there is an abrupt change in density, as indicated on the radiograph.
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APPENDIX 1
T-276 Either
Any Single
X X and Side
Wall Table T-275.3
T-276 T-275.1(c)
Film
Side
T-277.1(b)
Source centrally placed within circumference.
Film(s) wrapped around outside surface.
Single Source
Wall Side
T-271.1 X T-277.1(a)
X
T-276 Film
Any Single and Side
Wall Table T-275.1
T-276 (b)(1)
Film
Side
Source offset internally. FILM T-277.1(b)
Film on opposite outside surface.
X X
Source
Single Side
Wall T-277.1(a)
T-271.1
Film
Side
T-277.1(b)
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APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
RADIATION SOURCE
O
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APPENDIX 3
APPENDIX 4
APPENDIX 4
APPENDIX 5
APPENDIX 6
APPENDIX 7
The step wedge comparison films is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than + 0.05 density
units from the density stated on the step wedge comparison films.
Verified By,
Name______________
ASNT NDT RT. Level II
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APPENDIX 8