PRACTICE 3 : ELECTRO-HYDRAULICS

INTRODUCTION/THEORY
DEFINITION

Electro-hydraulic was defined from the words electro, which means electrical and
hydraulic which means liquid pressure. The electro-hydraulic equipment and
system is an integration of electrical and mechanical components with
compressed liquid source.

COMPONENTS

Power components
- cylinder
Command - swivel cylinder
execution - hydraulic motors Hydraulic power
section

Final Control Elements

Signal output -Electro-hydraulic operated
directional

Processing Elements
Signal processing - Relays
- Contactors Electrical signal
control section

Input Elements
- Pushbuttons
- Control switches
Signal input
- Limit switches
- Reed switches
- Ind. proximity sensors
- Cap. proximity switches
Signal flow

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SWITCH

Normally opened contact switch

In the case, the circuit is open if the switch is in its initial position. The
circuit is closed by pressing the push button where current flows to the load.

Normally closed contact switch

In this case, the circuit is closed when the switch is in its initial position. The
circuit is interrupted by pressing the button.

Changeover contact
The changeover switch combines function of the normally open and closed
contact in one device.

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 RELAY
Relay is an electrical device that contains a coil and a contactor switch. Relay also
can consist of a coil and multiple contactors. Figure above shows a coil with 4
contact or switches. If the coil is activated, the Changeover Contact will change its
state. A NO switch will change its state from ON to OFF state.

SOLENOID VALVE
Solenoid valve is an electro-mechanical device that built-in with a coil and a
hydraulic directional control valve (DCV). There are many types of built-in
solenoid directional control valve.A few of them are:

● 4/2 Way DCV single solenoid with spring return

● 4/3 Way DCV double solenoid with spring return

● 2/2 Way DCV single solenoid with spring return

● 5/2 Way DCV double solenoid

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OBJECTIVES

Upon completing this task, students should be able to :

1) Draw, install and commission an electro-hydraulic circuit to control the

movement of a double acting cylinder using 4/2 way directional control
valve single solenoid.
2) Apply mechanical sensors to electro-hydraulic control system.

EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this experiment, student should be able to :

1. Draw basic electric circuit
2. Draw electro-hydraulic control circuit
3. Design control system circuit, install and test run the circuit
4. Write symbols for electro-hydraulic devices.

EQUIPMENTS

1. Electro-hydraulic trainer
2. Double acting cylinder
3. 4/3 way directional valve double solenoid

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SAFETY PRECAUTION

HYDRAULIC OPERATION

● Always lower the hydraulic working units to the ground before leaving the
machine.
● Park the machinery where children cannot reach.
● Never service the hydraulic system while the machine engine is running
unless absolutely necessary
● Do not remove cylinders until the working units are resting on the ground ;
shut the engine off

ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS

● Electrical connection may only be established and interrupted in the absence

of voltage
● Use low voltage (24V)
● Use connector cable with safety plugs only for electrical connection

MAINTENANCE
An improperly maintained hydraulic system can lead to component failures. Safe
hydraulic system performance requires general maintenance. Periodically check
for oil leaks and worn hoses. Keep contaminants from hydraulic oil and replace
filters periodically.

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METHOD AND S.O.P.
How to operate the trainer
- Switch on the power source
- Assemble the given task as commanded by the instructor
- Switch ON the Main Switch at the Power Box
- Switch ON the Hydraulic Pump Set
- Test Run the task

After finish the task

- Switch off the Hydraulic Pump Set
- Switch off the Main Switch at Power Box
- Switch off the Power Source
- Dismantle the gadgets
- Keep the gadgets properly in its place
- Leave the machine and work area in a safe, clean and tidy state

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 ANALYSIS

The double acting cylinder and 4/3 way directional valve double solenoid is
connected to electro-hydraulic as shown in below figure:

An electro-hydraulic control circuit to move a double acting by pressing a

starting switch A or B to move the single acting cylinder

Figure 1: The setup of hydraulic circuit

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Figure 2: The condition of solenoid in retraction mode

Figure 3: The 4/3 way directional valve

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Below shows the electric circuit diagram :

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DISCUSSION

Once switch A was pressed, contact relay K1 start to activate, makes contact to
close. This causes the solenoid cylinder to extend. Once A is released,
automatically double acting cylinder retract.
Same goes to K2. Once switch B was pressed, the K2 relay was activated, which
makes the contact touch and solenoid cylinder extend. Once switch B was released,
the relay de-energized and the solenoid cylinder retract.

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Below shows the electro – hydraulic circuit

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CONCLUSION

At the end of the experiment 1, we are able to draw and understand basic
hydraulic control circuit to control the movement of a double acting cylinder by
using 4/2 way directional control valve.

At the end of the experiment 2, we able to draw, install and commission

hydraulic circuit to control the movement of a double acting cylinder using 4/3
way directional control valve with a throttle value that control the output flow.
We able to measure the flow rate of hydraulic fluid in the cylinder. Lastly, we
also able to replace the hydraulic cylinder to hydraulic motor and control its
speed by the pressure.

At the end of the experiment 3, we will able to draw and install the electro-
hydraulic circuit to control the movement of a double acting cylinder using 4/3
way directional control valve single solenoid. In addition, we also be able to
apply mechanical sensors to electro-hydraulic control system. Lastly, we are able
to design, install and test run the given task completely with our group members.

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