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𝑏𝑦 2 𝑚 × 1.2 𝑚
𝑅= = = 0.55 𝑚
𝑏 + 2𝑦 2 𝑚 + 2 × 1.2 𝑚
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦 = 2 𝑚 × 1.2 𝑚 = 2.4 𝑚2
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 + 𝑛 + 𝑆 23 + 0.014 + 0.0012 𝑚2
𝐶= = = 65.63
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.014 𝑠
1 + (23 + 𝑆 ) 1 + (23 + 0.0012 )
√𝑅 √0.55 𝑚
𝑚
𝑉 = 65.63 √0.55 × 0.0012 = 1.69
𝑠
𝑚 𝑚3
𝑄 = 1.69 × 2.4 𝑚2 = 4.06
𝑠 𝑠
CANAL TRIANGULAR:
Datos:
n = 0.014
S = 0.0012
Q = 4.06 m3/s
z= 1
y=?
𝐴 𝑧𝑦 2 𝑦
𝑅= = =
𝑃 2𝑦√1+𝑧 2 2√2
1 0.00155 1 0.00155
23 + 𝑛 + 𝑆 23 + 0.014 + 0.0012 95.72
𝐶= = =
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.014 × 2√2 0.96
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + 0.0012 ) 1+ 𝑦
𝑆 √𝑅 𝑦
95.72 𝑦 1.91√𝑦
𝑉= √ × 0.0012 =
0.96 2√2 0.96
1+ 𝑦 1+ 𝑦
1.91√𝑦
4.06 = ( ) (𝑧𝑦 2 )
0.96
1+ 𝑦
𝑦 = 1.628 𝑚
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Datos:
n = 0.013
S = 0.0009
Q=?
z= 1
y = 0.75 m
Datos:
S = 0.0009
n = 0.013
y = 0.75 m
z=1
T = 1.5 m
𝐴 = 𝑧𝑦 2
𝐴 = 1 × 0.752 = 0.56 𝑚2
𝑃 = 2𝑦√1 + 𝑧 2
𝑃 = 2 × 0.75√1 + 12 = 2.12 𝑚
𝐴
𝑅=
𝑃
0.56
𝑅=
2.12
𝑅 = 0.26 𝑚
5 1
𝐴3 . 𝑆 2
𝑄= 2
𝜂. 𝑃3
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
5 1
(0.56)3 . (0.0009)2
𝑄= 2 = 0.53 𝑚3 ⁄𝑠
(0.013). (2.12) 3
𝑆 = 0.0009 × 2 = 0.0018
5 1
(0.56)3 . (0.0018)2
𝑄= 2 = 0.75 𝑚3 ⁄𝑠
(0.013). (2.12) 3
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦
𝑃 = 𝑏 + 2𝑦
0.38
𝑅=
2.00
𝑅 = 0.19 𝑚
5 1
𝐴3 . 𝑆 2
𝑄= 2
𝜂. 𝑃3
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
5 1
(0.38)3 . (0.0009)2
𝑄= 2 = 0.29 𝑚3 ⁄𝑠
(0.013). (2) 3
𝑆 = 0.0009 × 2 = 0.0018
5 1
(0.38)3 . (0.0018)2
𝑄= 2 = 0.41 𝑚3 ⁄𝑠
(0.013). (2) 3
d) para una sección parabólica que tiene 4 metros de ancho a la profundidad de 1m.
SOLUCION:
a) Sección rectangular:
Datos:
y = 1.80 m
S = 0.0018
n = 0.018
b=6m
𝑏𝑦 6 𝑚 × 1.8 𝑚
𝑅= = = 1.13 𝑚
𝑏 + 2𝑦 6 𝑚 + 2 × 1.8 𝑚
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦 = 6 𝑚 × 1.8 𝑚 = 10.8 𝑚2
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 + + 23 + + 𝑚
𝐶= 𝑛 𝑆 = 0.018 0.0018 = 56.56 2
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.018 𝑠
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + )
𝑆 √𝑅 0.0018 √1.13
𝑚
𝑉 = 56.56√1.13 × 0.0018 = 2.55
𝑠
𝑚 𝑚3
𝑄 = 2.55 × 10.8 𝑚2 = 27.54
𝑠 𝑠
b) Sección triangular:
Datos:
y = 1.80 m
S = 0.0018
n = 0.018
z = 1/ tg(60°) = 0.58
𝐴 𝑧𝑦 2 0.58 × 1.82
𝑅= = = = 0.45 𝑚
𝑃 2𝑦√1 + 𝑧 2 2 × 1.8√1 + 0.582
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 + 𝑛 + 𝑆 23 + 0.018 + 0.0018 𝑚2
𝐶= = = 48.42
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.018 𝑠
1 + (23 + 𝑆 ) 1 + (23 + 0.0018 )
√𝑅 √0.45
𝑚
𝑉 = 48.52√0.45 × 0.0018 = 1.38
𝑠
𝑚 𝑚3
𝑄 = 1.38 × 1.88 𝑚2 = 2.59
𝑠 𝑠
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
c) Sección circular:
Datos:
D=4m
S = 0.0018
n = 0.018
0.8
cos ∝ =
2
∝= 66.42°
1 1
𝐴 = (𝜃 − sin 𝜃)𝐷 2 = (1.26𝜋 − 227.16°)42 = 9.38 𝑚2
8 8
1 sin 𝜃 1 227.16°
𝑅 = (1 − ) 𝐷 = (1 − ) 4 = 0.81 𝑚
4 𝜃 4 1.26𝜋
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 + 𝑛 + 𝑆 23 + 0.018 + 0.0018 𝑚2
𝐶= = = 53.76
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.018 𝑠
1 + (23 + 𝑆 ) 1 + (23 + 0.0018 )
√𝑅 √0.81
𝑚
𝑉 = 53.76√0.0018 × 0.81 = 2.05
𝑠
𝑚 𝑚3
𝑄 = 2.05 × 9.38 𝑚2 = 19.23
𝑠 𝑠
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
d) Sección parabólica:
Datos:
y=1m
S = 0.0018
n = 0.018
T=4m
2 2
𝐴= 𝑇𝑦 = (4 𝑚)(1 𝑚) = 2.67 𝑚2
3 3
2𝑇 2 𝑦 2 × 4𝑚2 × 1𝑚
𝑅= = = 1.6 𝑚
3𝑇 + 8𝑦 2 3 × 4𝑚 + 8 × 1𝑚2
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 ++ 23 + + 𝑚2
𝐶= 𝑛 𝑆 = 0.018 0.0018 = 59.29
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.018 𝑠
1 + (23 + 𝑆 ) 1 + (23 + 0.0018 )
√𝑅 √1.6
𝑚
𝑉 = 59.29√1.6 × 0.0018 = 3.18
𝑠
𝑚 𝑚3
𝑄 = 3.18 × 2.67 𝑚2 = 8.49
𝑠 𝑠
Datos:
Q = 10 m3/s
V = 1 m/s
z = 1/tg (30°) = 1.73 m
S = 8/10000 = 0.0008
Según la fórmula de Bazin:
G = 0.85
𝑏𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦 2 𝑏𝑦 + 1.73𝑦 2 𝑏𝑦 + 1.73𝑦 2
𝑅= = =
𝑏 + 2𝑦√𝑧 2 + 1 𝑏 + 2𝑦√1.732 + 1 𝑏 + 4𝑦
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
87 87
𝐶= =
𝐺 0.85
1+ 1+
√𝑅 𝑏𝑦 + 1.73𝑦 2
√
𝑏 + 4𝑦
𝑚 87 𝑏𝑦 + 1.73𝑦 2
1 = √( ) (0.0008)
𝑠 0.85 𝑏 + 4𝑦
1+
𝑏𝑦 + 1.73𝑦 2
√
𝑏 + 4𝑦
𝑚3 𝑚
10 = 1 (𝑏𝑦 + 1.73𝑦 2 )
𝑠 𝑠
𝑏 =5𝑚
𝑦 = 1.36 𝑚
Datos:
S = 0.0006
b = 8 pies
T = 24 pies
z = 1/tg (45°) = 1 pie
n = 0.015
𝑏 = 𝑚𝑦
𝑏 8
𝑦= = = 9.64 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑚 0.83
170.05
𝑅= = 4.82 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠
35.27
Datos:
y=2m
b=8m
z = 1.5
S = 0.0004
n = 0.027
𝑏𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦 2 8𝑚 × 2𝑚 + 1.5𝑚 × 2𝑚2
𝑅= = = 1.45 𝑚
𝑏 + 2𝑦√𝑧 2 + 1 8𝑚 + 2 × 2𝑚√1.52 + 1
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦 2 = 8𝑚 × 2𝑚 + 1.5𝑚 × 2𝑚2 = 22 𝑚2
a) Fórmula de Ganguillet-Kutter:
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 + 𝑛 + 𝑆 23 + 0.027 + 0.0004 𝑚2
𝐶= = = 39.88
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.027 𝑠
1 + (23 + 𝑆 ) 1 + (23 + 0.0004 )
√𝑅 √1.45
𝑚
𝑉 = 39.88√0.0004 × 1.45 = 0.96
𝑠
𝑚 𝑚3
𝑄 = 22 𝑚2 × 0.96 = 21.12
𝑠 𝑠
b) Fórmula de Bazin:
G= 0.85
1
87 87 𝑚2
𝐶= = = 51
𝐺 0.85 𝑠
1+ 1+
√𝑅 √1.45
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
𝑚 𝑚3
𝑄 = 22 𝑚2 × 1.23 = 27.06
𝑠 𝑠
c) Fórmula de Manning:
n = 0.027
1 1 1
𝑅 6 (1.45)6 𝑚2
𝐶= = = 39.40
𝑛 0.027 𝑠
2 1 2 1
𝑅 3 𝑆 2 (1.45)3 (0.0004)2 𝑚
𝑉= = = 0.95
𝑛 0.027 𝑠
𝑚 𝑚3
𝑄 = 0.95 × 22 𝑚2 = 20.9
𝑠 𝑠
d) Fórmula de Chezy:
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 → 𝑅 > 1
𝑥 = 1.3√𝑛 = 1.3√0.027 = 0.21
1
𝑅 𝑥 (1.45)0.21 𝑚2
𝐶= = = 40.04
𝑛 0.027 𝑠
𝑚
𝑉 = 40.04√0.0004 × 1.45 = 0.96
𝑠
𝑚 𝑚3
𝑄 = 22 𝑚2 × 0.96 = 21.12
𝑠 𝑠
Se quiere construir un canal con una pendiente de 0.0035 para conducir 4 m 3/s ¿Qué
dimensiones debe tener el canal para que la velocidad no sea superior a 1.5 m/s. El talud
es 1.5. Considerar que el coeficiente n de Kutter es 0.025.
Datos:
n = 0.025
z = 1.5
V = 1.5 m/s
S = 0.0035
Q = 4 m3/s
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦 2 = 𝑏𝑦 + 1.5𝑦 2
𝑏𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦 2 𝑏𝑦 + 1.5𝑦 2
𝑅= =
𝑏 + 2𝑦√𝑧 2 + 1 𝑏 + 3.6𝑦
1 0.00155 1 0.00155
23 + 𝑛 + 23 +
+ 63.44
𝐶= 𝑆 = 0.025 0.0035 =
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.025 0.59
1 + (23 + 𝑆 ) 1 + (23 + ) 1+
√𝑅 0.0035 𝑏𝑦 + 1.5𝑦 2 𝑏𝑦 + 1.5𝑦 2
√ √
𝑏 + 3.6𝑦 𝑏 + 3.6𝑦
𝑚 63.44 𝑏𝑦 + 1.5𝑦 2
1.5 = √( ) (0.0035)
𝑠 1+ 0.59 𝑏 + 3.6𝑦
𝑏𝑦 + 1.5𝑦 2
√
𝑏 + 3.6𝑦
𝑚3 𝑚
4 = 1.5 (𝑏𝑦 + 1.5𝑦 2 )
𝑠 𝑠
𝑏 =2𝑚
𝑦 = 0.825 𝑚
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Datos:
T=5m
b=3m
z = 1/tg (60°) = 0.58
y = tg (60°) = 1.73 m
n = 0.030
Q = 10 m3/s
1 0.00155 1 0.00155
23 + 𝑛 + 𝑆 23 + 0.030 + 𝑆 56.33 𝑆 + 0.00155
𝐶= = =
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.030 1.69 𝑆 + 0.00005
1 + (23 + 𝑆 ) 1 + (23 + 𝑆 )
√𝑅 √0.99
56.33 𝑆 + 0.00155
𝑉= √0.99𝑆
1.69 𝑆 + 0.00005
𝑚3 56.33 𝑆 + 0.00155
10 =( √0.99𝑆) (6.93 𝑚2 )
𝑠 1.69 𝑆 + 0.00005
𝑆 = 0.0019
a) Profundizar el canal:
Datos:
b=3m
z = 1/tg (60°) = 0.58
y=?
n = 0.030
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
1 0.00155 1 0.00155
23 + + 23 + + 57.15
𝐶= 𝑛 𝑆 = 0.030 0.0019 =
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.030 0.71
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + ) 1+
𝑆 √𝑅 0.0019 3𝑦 + 0.58𝑦 2 3𝑦 + 0.58𝑦 2
√ √
3 + 2.32𝑦 3 + 2.32𝑦
57.15 3𝑦 + 0.58𝑦2
𝑉= √( ) (0.0019)
0.71 3 + 2.32𝑦
1+
3𝑦 + 0.58𝑦 2
√
3 + 2.32𝑦
𝑚3 57.15 3𝑦 + 0.58𝑦2
15 = √( ) (0.0019) [3𝑦 + 0.58𝑦2 ]
𝑠 0.71 3 + 2.32𝑦
1+
3𝑦 + 0.58𝑦 2
√
[ 3 + 2.32𝑦 ]
𝑦 = 2.182 𝑚
Datos:
b=?
z = 1/tg (60°) = 0.58
y = 1.73 m
n = 0.030
Q’ = 10 m3/s + 50% (10 m3/s) = 15 m3/s
S = 0.0019
1 0.00155 1 0.00155
23 + + 23 + + 57.15
𝐶= 𝑛 𝑆 = 0.030 0.0019 =
0.00155 𝑛 0.00155 0.030 0.71
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + ) 1+
𝑆 √𝑅 0.0019 1.73𝑏 + 1.74 1.73𝑏 + 1.74
√ √
𝑏+4 𝑏+4
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
𝑏 = 4.49 𝑚
Datos:
b=3m
T=8m
n = 0.025
S = 0.006
√3
𝑦𝑛 = 𝑏
2
√3
𝑦𝑛 = (3𝑚) = 2.6 𝑚
2
2
𝑄×𝑛 𝑦𝑛 3 3
1 = ( ) ( 𝑏𝑦𝑛 )
2 2
𝑆2
2
𝑄 × (0.025) 2.6 𝑚 3 3
1 =( ) ( (3 𝑚)(2.6 𝑚))
(0.006)2 2 2
𝑄 = 43.18
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Datos:
Q = 60 m3/s
z = 1.25
a)
y=2m
S = 0.0008
G = 0.30
𝑏𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦2 2𝑏 + 5
𝑅= =
𝑏 + 2𝑦√𝑧2 + 1 𝑏 + 6.4
87 87
𝐶= =
𝐺 0.30
1+ 1+
√𝑅
√ 2𝑏 + 5
𝑏 + 6.4
87 2𝑏 + 5
𝑉= √( ) (0.0008)
0.30 𝑏 + 6.4
1+
√ 2𝑏 + 5
𝑏 + 6.4
𝑚3 87 2𝑏 + 5
60 = √( ) (0.0008) × (2𝑏 + 5)
𝑠 0.30 𝑏 + 6.4
1+
√ 2𝑏 + 5
𝑏 + 6.4
b = 9.802 m
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
𝑏𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦2 2𝑏 + 5
𝑅= = = 1.52 𝑚
𝑏 + 2𝑦√𝑧2 + 1 𝑏 + 6.4
𝐴 = 2𝑏 + 5 = 24.6 𝑚2
𝑚
𝑉 = 2.44
𝑠
b)
Datos:
Q = 60 m3/s
V = 2.44 m/s
z = 1.25
A = 24.6 m2
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦 2
𝑦 = 2𝑚
𝑃 = 𝑏 + 2𝑦√𝑧2 + 1 = 9.802
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Datos:
b=3m
Q = 7.5 m3/s
yc = ?
V=?
E=?
2
𝑦𝑐 = 𝐸 … … . (7 − 25)
3
𝑉𝐶 2 1
= 𝐸 … … (7 − 26)
2𝑔 3
𝑄2 𝑇
𝑓(𝑦) = =1
2𝑔𝐴3
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦𝑐
𝑃 = 𝑏 + 2𝑦𝑐
𝑇=𝑏
(7.5)2 (3)
𝑓(𝑦) = =1
2(9.81)(3 × 𝑦𝑐 )3
𝑦𝑐 = 0.68 𝑚
𝑉𝐶 2
𝐸 = 𝑦𝑐 +
2𝑔
𝑚
𝑉𝐶 = √𝑔 × 𝑦𝑐 = √9.81 × 0.68 = 2.58
𝑠
2.582 𝑚 − 𝑘𝑔
𝐸 = 0.68 + = 1.02
2 × 9.81 𝑘𝑔
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
De la ecuación (7-25):
2 2
𝑦𝑐 = (𝐸) = (1.02) = 0.68 𝑚
3 3
De la ecuación (7-26):
(2.58)2 1
= (1.02)
2 × 9.81 3
0.34 = 0.34
Calcular:
a) El tirante normal.
b) La energía especifica correspondiente al flujo uniforme.
c) El gasto máximo que podría ser transportado con la energía calculada en b
Verificar que se cumple la ecuación 7-14
Datos:
Q = 12 m3/s
b=6m
S = 0.315 %O
n = 0.0125
a)
1 2 1
𝑄= × 𝑅3 × 𝑆 2 × 𝐴
𝑛
𝑚3 1 2 1
12 = × 𝑅 3 × 𝐴 × 0.0003152
𝑠 0.0125
2
8.45 = 𝑅 3 × 𝐴
2
6𝑦 3
8.45 = ( ) × (6𝑦)
2𝑦 + 6
𝑦 = 1.437 𝑚
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
b)
𝑄2 𝑇 𝑚3
1.54 = → 𝑄 = 40.16
𝑔𝐴3 𝑠
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦
𝐴 = (6 𝑚)(1.437 𝑚)
𝐴 = 8.62 𝑚2
𝑄 = 𝑉𝐴
𝑚3
12 𝑠
𝑉=
8.62 𝑚2
𝑚
𝑉 = 1.39
𝑠
𝑉2
𝐸 =𝑦+
2𝑔
1.392
𝐸 = 1.437 +
2 × 9.81
𝑚 − 𝑘𝑔
𝐸 = 1.54
𝑘𝑔
c)
𝐴𝑐 = 4.44
𝑄2 𝑇
𝑓(𝑦) = =1
𝑔𝐴3
122 × 6
=1
9.81 × (6𝑦)3
4.44
(𝑦𝑚 )𝑐 = = 0.74
6
𝑉𝐶 = √𝑔(𝑦𝑚 )𝑐 = 2.69
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
𝑉𝐶 2 𝑑𝑐
=
2𝑔 2
𝐴𝑐
𝑑𝑐 = = 0.74
𝑇𝑐
(2.69)2 0.74
=
2 × 9.81 2
0.37 = 0.37
1 1 1
n = 65 Strickler = 𝑘 = →𝑛= →𝑛= = 0.015
𝑛 𝑘 65
3
Q = 6 m /s
b=8m
𝑔𝑛2
𝑆𝑐 = = 0.00014
𝑏 4/3
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦 = 8𝑦 = 8(1.067) = 8.54 𝑚2
𝑃 = 2𝑦 + 𝑏 = 2𝑦 + 8 = 10.13 𝑚
5 5
𝑄𝑛 𝐴3 6 × 0.015 (8𝑦)3
1 = 2 → 1 = 2
𝑆2 𝑃3 (0.00014)2 (2𝑦 + 8)3
5
(8𝑦)3
7.61 = 2
(2𝑦 + 8)3
𝑦 = 1.067 𝑚
𝐴 8.54
(𝑦𝑚 )𝑐 = = = 1.068 𝑚
𝑇 8
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
(𝑦𝑚 )𝑐 2 1.0682 𝑚 − 𝑘𝑔
𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑦𝑐 + = 1.068 + = 1.126
2𝑔 2 × 9.81 𝑘𝑔
3
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.704𝐸 2
2 3
< 𝑦𝑐 = 𝐸 → 𝐸 = 𝑦𝑐 >
3 2
3
3 2
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.704 ( 𝑦𝑐 )
2
3
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.13𝑦𝑐 2
2
𝑉𝐶 = √𝑔𝑦𝑐 = √9.81 ( 𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛 ) = 2.56𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛 1/2
3
𝟑
c) 𝑬𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟕√𝒒𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐
Condiciones críticas:
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑏𝑦𝑐
𝑉𝐶 = √𝑔𝑦𝑐
3
𝑄 = √𝑔 × 𝑏 × 𝑦𝑐 2
2 𝑄
< 𝑦𝑐 = 𝐸 → 𝑞 = >
3 𝑏
𝑄 2 3/2
= √𝑔 ( 𝐸) ⇒ 𝑞𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1.705𝐸3/2
𝑏 3
𝑄𝑚𝑖𝑛 2/3
𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ( ) = 0.7𝑞2/3
1.705
3
𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.7√𝑞𝑚𝑖𝑛 2
𝟑
d) 𝒚𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟔𝟕√𝒒𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐
3
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.704𝐸 2
3
3 2
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.704 ( 𝑦𝑐 )
2
2
3 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 3
𝑦𝑐 2 = ⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = ( )
3.13 3.13
3
𝑦𝑐 = 0.467√𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 2
e) 𝑽𝑪 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟒√𝒒𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐
𝑄 = 𝐴𝑉𝐶 = 𝑏 × 𝑦𝑐 × 𝑉𝐶
𝑄
= 𝑦𝑐 𝑉𝐶
𝑏
1
𝑞√𝑔 = 𝑉𝐶 𝑉𝐶 2
Hallar el tirante crítico para el canal mostrado en la figura. El gasto es 8 m 3/s. ¿Cuál es la
energía que corresponde a las condiciones críticas? Demostrar que se cumplen las
ecuaciones 7-14, 7-56 y 7-57.
Datos:
yc = ?
Q = 8 m3/s
𝑉𝐶 2
E = yc + 2𝑔
z1 = 1/ tg (45°) = 1
z2 = 1/tg (60°) = 0.58
2𝑏𝑦𝑐 + 𝑧1 𝑦𝑐 2 + 𝑧2 𝑦𝑐 2
𝐴𝐶 =
2
𝑇𝐶 = 𝑏 + 𝑦𝑐 𝑧1 + 𝑦𝑐 𝑧2
𝑄 2 𝐴𝐶 2 𝐴𝐶 2
= ⇒ 6.52 = ⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = 1.603 𝑚
𝑔 𝑇𝐶 𝑇𝐶
𝐴𝐶 𝑚
𝑉𝐶 = √𝑔 × = 2.76
𝑇𝐶 𝑠
𝑉𝐶 2 𝑚 − 𝑘𝑔
𝐸 = 𝑦𝑐 + = 1.37
2𝑔 𝑘𝑔
- Ecuación 7-14:
𝑉𝐶 2 𝑑𝑐 𝐴𝐶
= ; 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 ∶ 𝑑𝑐 = = 0.78 𝑚
2𝑔 2 𝑇𝐶
0.39 = 0.39
- Ecuación 7-56:
𝑉𝐶 2 𝑏+𝑇
= ×𝐸
2𝑔 5𝑇 + 𝑏
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
0.39 = 0.39
- Ecuación 7-57:
4𝑇
𝑦𝑐 = ×𝐸
5𝑇 + 𝑏
𝑦𝑐 = 0.98
𝐴 = (2𝑦𝑐 2 + 3𝑦𝑐 )
𝑇 = 3 + 2(2)𝑦𝑐
𝑄 2 𝐴3
= … … … … … . (1)
𝑔 𝑇𝑐
Reemplazando:
(2𝑦𝑐 2 + 3𝑦𝑐 )3
79.92 =
(3 + 4𝑦𝑐 )
fy=79.92
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Si f(yc) = 79.92
yc = 1.49476 ≅ 1.495 m
Reemplazar el A y T:
𝑇 = 3 + 4(1.495) = 8.98 𝑚
𝐴 8.96
⇒ 𝑦𝑚 = = = 0.998 ≅ 1 𝑚
𝑇 8.98
𝑚
⇒ 𝑉𝐶 = √9.81 (1𝑚) = 3.13
𝑠
𝑉𝑐 2 3.132 𝑚 − 𝑘𝑔
𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑦𝑐 + = 1.495 + = 1.994
2(9.81) 2(9.81) 𝑘𝑔
a) El tirante normal.
b) El tirante crítico.
c) La pendiente critica.
d) La pendiente critica para un tirante normal de 1 m y el gasto correspondiente.
(Las cotas están medidas sobre la superficie libre).
Datos:
Q = 10 m3/s
b=4m
z = 1/tg (45°) = 1
n = 0.02
S = (864.3-863.7)/1000=0.0006
b)
𝑄 2 𝐴3
=
𝑔 𝑇𝑐
Reemplazando:
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
102 (4𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )3
=
9.81 4 + 2𝑦
(4𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )3
10.19 =
4 + 2𝑦
f(y) = 10.19
yc = 0.802 m
a)
1 2
10 = × 𝑅 3 × √0.0006 × 𝐴 … … … … . . (1)
0.02
→ 𝑃 = 2√2𝑦 + 4
Si:
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦 2
𝐴 = (𝑃 + 2√2𝑦)𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝐴 = 𝑃𝑦 − 1.83𝑦 2 … … … (2)
𝑑𝐴
= 𝑃 − 2(1.83)𝑦
𝑑𝑦
0 = 𝑃 − 3.66𝑦
𝑃 = 3.66𝑦 … … … (3)
(3) en (2):
𝐴 = 3.66𝑦 2 − 1.83𝑦 2
𝐴 = 1.83𝑦 2
En (1):
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
5
10(0.02) (1.83𝑦 2 )3
= 2
√0.0006 (3.66𝑦)3
5
(1.83𝑦 2 )3
8.16 = 2
(3.66𝑦)3
2
(8.16)(3.66)3 8
5 = 𝑦3
(1.83)3
𝑦 = 2.08 𝑚
c)
𝐴 𝑛2
𝑆𝑐 = 𝑔
𝑇 43
𝑅
d)
(4 × 1 + 12 )3 (0.02)2
𝑆𝑐 = (9.81) 4 = 0.12
(4 + 2 × 1)
4 × 1 + 12 3
( )
4 + 2√2 × 1
En un canal trapecial los taludes tienen una inclinación z = 4/3. El canal es de concreto (n
= 0,015). La pendiente es 0,004. Si el canal está trabajando en condiciones de máxima
eficiencia hidráulica, hallar
a) El caudal, de forma tal que la energía especifica sea mínima y el valor de dicha energía.
b) La energía específica cuando el gasto sea de 15 m3/s.
Datos:
z =4/3
n=0.015
S=0.004
Q=15 m3/s.
a)
𝐴 = 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑧𝑦 2 = 𝑏𝑦 + 1.33𝑦 2 … … (1)
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
𝐴 = (𝑃 − 3.33𝑦)𝑦 + 1.33𝑦 2
𝐴 = 𝑃𝑦 − 2𝑦 2
𝑑𝐴
= 𝑃 − 4𝑦 = 0 → 𝑃 = 4𝑦
𝑑𝑦
𝐴 = 4𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 2𝑦 2
Reemplazando:
15𝑚3 8
= 0.336𝑦 3
𝑠
𝑦 = 4.16 𝑚
b)
𝑉2
𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑦 +
2𝑔
0.222
𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4.16 + = 4.17 𝑚
2 × 9.81
𝐴 = 2𝑦 2 = 34.61 𝑚2
𝑃 = 4𝑦 = 16.64 𝑚
𝑄 𝑚
𝑉= = 0.43
𝐴 𝑠
𝐴
𝑅= = 2.08 𝑚
𝑃
b) ¿Cuál debería ser la pendiente para que conduciendo el mismo, gasto, este sea critico?
(Talud 60°; tirante 0.80 m; ancho en el fondo 3 m).
Datos:
C = 60 m1/2/s
Q = 8 m3/s
z = 1/tg (60°) = 0.58
y = 0.8 m
b=3m
a)
𝑄 8 𝑚
𝑄 = 𝑉𝐴 → 𝑉 = →𝑉= → 𝑉 = 2.89
𝐴 2.77 𝑠
𝑉 2.89
𝐹= = = 1.10
√𝑔 × 𝐴 √9.81 × 2.77
𝑇 3.92
b)
3 𝑞2
𝑦𝑐 = √ = 0.9 𝑚
𝑔
𝐴𝐶 = 3.97
𝑃𝐶 = 5.08
𝑇𝐶 = 4.04
1 𝐴5/3 × 𝑆 1/2
𝑄= ×
𝑛 𝑃2/3
𝑺 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟖
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Demostrar que los resultados del ejemplo 7.6 son compatibles con la ecuación 7-60.
z=3
b = 0.5
E = 1.39
𝑦𝑐 = 1.096 ≅ 1.1
𝟐 𝟎.𝟐 𝑸 𝟎.𝟒
𝒚𝒄 = ( ) ( )
𝒈 𝒛
1
𝐴 = 𝑦𝑐 𝑇
2
1
𝑉 = √ 𝑔𝑦𝑐
2
𝑄 2
<𝑞= → 𝑄 = 𝑞𝑇 > 𝑦𝑐 = 𝐸
𝑇 3
1 1
𝑄 = 𝐴𝑉 = 𝑦𝑐 𝑇√ 𝑔𝑦𝑐
2 2
1 3
1 1 2 1 2 3 1
𝑄 = 𝑇𝑦𝑐 ( 𝑔𝑦𝑐 ) = ( ) 𝑇𝑦𝑐 2 𝑔2
2 2 2
3
1 2 3 1
𝑞𝑇 = ( ) 𝑇𝑦𝑐 2 𝑔2
2
3
𝑞 = 0.792𝐸 2
2
𝑦𝑐 = 0.935𝑞3
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
1 2
2 5 𝑄 5
⇒ 𝑦𝑐 = ( ) ( )
𝑔 𝑧
2 0.2 𝑄 0.4
𝑦𝑐 = ( ) ( )
𝑔 𝑧
𝑽𝑪 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟑𝑸𝟎.𝟐
2 0.2 𝑄 0.4
𝑦𝑐 = ( ) ( )
𝑔 𝑧
𝑦𝑐 = 0.7277𝑄0.4
𝑔
Multiplicamos por
2
𝑔 𝑔
𝑦𝑐 = ( ) (0.7277)𝑄0.4
2 2
𝑔 1/2 1/2
( 𝑦𝑐 ) = (3.5694𝑄2/5 )
2
𝑉𝐶 = 1.8883𝑄0.2