BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

L T P R C
3 0 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
 To Introduce Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering
 To study the communication mechanics in a biomedical system with few examples
 To study measurement of certain important electrical and non-electrical parameters
 To understand the basic principles in imaging techniques
 To have a basic knowledge in life assisting and therapeutic devices

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 9

Cell and its structure – Resting and Action Potential – Nervous system and its fundamentals - Basic
components of a biomedical system- Cardiovascular systems- Respiratory systems –Kidney and blood flow -
Biomechanics of bone - Biomechanics of soft tissues -Physiological signals and transducers - Transducers –
selection criteria – Piezo electric, ultrasonic transducers - Temperature measurements - Fibre optic
temperature sensors

UNIT II NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS MEASUREMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC

PROCEDURES 9
Measurement of blood pressure - Cardiac output - Heart rate - Heart sound - Pulmonary function
measurements – spirometer – Photo Plethysmography, Body Plethysmography – Blood Gas analysers, pH of
blood –measurement of blood pCO2, pO2, finger-tip oxymeter - ESR, GSR measurements.

UNIT III ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS 9

Electrodes – Limb electrodes –floating electrodes – pregelled disposability electrodes - Micro, needle and
surface electrodes – Amplifiers, Preamplifiers, differential amplifiers, chopper amplifiers – Isolation
amplifier - ECG – EEG – EMG – ERG – Lead systems and recording methods – Typical waveforms -
Electrical safety in medical environment, shock hazards – leakage current-Instruments for checking safety
parameters of biomedical equipment.

UNIT IV IMAGING MODALITIES AND ANALYSIS 9

Radio graphic and fluoroscopic techniques – Computer tomography – MRI – Ultrasonography – Endoscopy
– Thermography –Different types of biotelemetry systems - Retinal Imaging – Imaging application in
Biometric systems.

UNIT V LIFE ASSISTING, THERAPEUTIC AND ROBOTIC DEVICES 9

Pacemakers – Defibrillators – Ventilators – Nerve and muscle stimulators – Diathermy – Heart – Lung
machine – Audio meters – Dialysers – Lithotripsy - ICCU patient monitoring system – Nano Robots -
Robotic surgery –Orthopedic prostheses fixation.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES: At the end of the course students will have the
 Ability to understand the philosophy of the heart, lung, blood circulation and
 respiration system.
 Ability to provide latest ideas on devices of non‐electrical devices.
 Ability to gain knowledge on various sensing and measurement devices of electrical origin.
 Ability to understand the analysis systems of various organ types.
 Ability to bring out the important and modern methods of imaging techniques and their analysis.
 Ability to explain the medical assistance/techniques, robotic and therapeutic equipments.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Leslie Cromwell, “Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement”, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 2007.
2. Khandpur R.S, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi,2nd edition, 2003
3. Joseph J Carr and John M.Brown, Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology, John Wiley and
sons, New York, 4th edition, 2012

REFERENCES
1. John G. Webster, Medical Instrumentation Application and Design, John Wiley and sons, New York,
1998.
2. Duane Knudson, Fundamentals of Biomechanics, Springer, 2nd Edition, 2007.
3. Suh, Sang, Gurupur, Varadraj P., Tanik, Murat M., Health Care Systems, Technology and Techniques,
Springer, 1st Edition, 2011.
4. Ed. Joseph D. Bronzino, The Biomedical Engineering Hand Book, Third Edition, Boca Raton, CRC Press
LLC, 2006.
5. M.Arumugam, ‘Bio-Medical Instrumentation’, Anuradha Agencies, 2003.
 ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION, UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION
L T P R C
3 0 0 0 3

OBJECTIVES:
 To impart knowledge on the following Topics
 To study the generation, conservation of electrical power and energy efficient equipments.
 To understand the principle, design of illumination systems and energy efficiency lamps.
 To study the methods of industrial heating and welding.
 To understand the electric traction systems and their performance.

UNIT I ILLUMINATION 9
Importance of lighting – properties of good lighting scheme – laws of illumination – photometry - types of
lamps – lighting calculations – basic design of illumination schemes for residential, commercial, street
lighting, factory lighting and flood lighting – LED lighting and energy efficient lamps.

UNIT II REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING 9

Refrigeration-Domestic refrigerator and water coolers - Air-Conditioning-Various types of air-conditioning
system and their applications, smart air conditioning units – Energy Efficient motors: Standard motor
efficiency, need for efficient motors, Motor life cycle, Direct Savings and payback analysis, efficiency
evaluation factor.

UNIT III HEATING AND WELDING 9

Role of electric heating for industrial applications – resistance heating – induction heating – dielectric
heating - electric arc furnaces. Brief introduction to electric welding – welding generator, welding
transformer and the characteristics.

UNIT IV TRACTION 9
Merits of electric traction – requirements of electric traction system – supply systems – mechanics of train
movement – traction motors and control – braking – recent trends in electric traction.

UNIT V DOMESTIC UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY 9

Domestic utilization of electrical energy – House wiring. Induction based appliances, Online and OFF line
UPS, Batteries - Power quality aspects – nonlinear and domestic loads – Earthing – Domestic, Industrial and
Substation.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:
 To understand the main aspects of generation, utilization and conservation.
 To identify an appropriate method of heating for any particular industrial application.
 To evaluate domestic wiring connection and debug any faults occurred.
 To construct an electric connection for any domestic appliance like refrigerator as well as to
 design a battery charging circuit for a specific household application.
 To realize the appropriate type of electric supply system as well as to evaluate theperformance
of a traction unit.
 To understand the main aspects of Traction.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Wadhwa, C.L. “Generation, Distribution and Utilization of Electrical Energy”, New Age International
Pvt. Ltd, 2003.
2. Dr. Uppal S.L. and Prof. S. Rao, 'Electrical Power Systems', Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 15th Edition,
2014.
3. Energy Efficiency in Electric Utilities, BEE Guide Book, 2010

REFERENCES
1. Partab.H, “Art and Science of Utilisation of Electrical Energy”, Dhanpat Rai and Co, New Delhi, 2004.
2. Openshaw Taylor.E, “Utilization of Electrical Energy in SI Units”, Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd,
2003.
3. Gupta.J.B, “Utilization of Electric Power and Electric Traction”, S.K.Kataria and Sons,
2002.
4. Cleaner Production – Energy Efficiency Manual for GERIAP, UNEP, Bangkok prepared
by National Productivity Council.

RO8591 PRINCIPLES OF ROBOTICS L T P C

3003
OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the functional elements of Robotics
To impart knowledge on the direct and inverse kinematics
To introduce the manipulator differential motion and control
To educate on various path planning techniques
To introduce the dynamics and control of manipulators
UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS 9
Brief history-Types of Robot–Technology-Robot classifications and specifications-Design and
controlissues- Various manipulators – Sensors - work cell - Programming languages.
UNIT II DIRECT AND INVERSE KINEMATICS 9
Mathematical representation of Robots - Position and orientation – Homogeneous transformation-
Various joints- Representation using the Denavit Hattenberg parameters -Degrees of freedom-Direct
kinematics-Inverse kinematics- SCARA robots- Solvability – Solution methods-Closed form solution.
UNIT III MANIPULATOR DIFFERENTIAL MOTION AND STATICS 9
Linear and angular velocities-Manipulator Jacobian-Prismatic and rotary joints–Inverse -Wrist and arm
singularity - Static analysis - Force and moment Balance.
UNIT IV PATH PLANNING 9
Definition-Joint space technique-Use of p-degree polynomial-Cubic polynomial-Cartesian space
technique - Parametric descriptions - Straight line and circular paths - Position and orientation
planning.
UNIT V DYNAMICS AND CONTROL 9
Lagrangian mechanics-2DOF Manipulator-Lagrange Euler formulation-Dynamic model –Manipulator
control problem-Linear control schemes-PID control scheme-Force control of robotic manipulator.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:
Ability to understand basic concept of robotics.
To analyze Instrumentation systems and their applications to various
To know about the differential motion add statics in robotics
To know about the various path planning techniques.
To know about the dynamics and control in robotics industries.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. R.K.Mittal and I.J.Nagrath, Robotics and Control, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,4th Reprint, 2005.
2. JohnJ.Craig ,Introduction to Robotics Mechanics and Control, Third edition, Pearson Education,
2009.
3. M.P.Groover, M.Weiss, R.N. Nageland N. G.Odrej, Industrial Robotics, McGraw-Hill
Singapore, 1996.
REFERENCES:
1. Ashitava Ghoshal, Robotics-Fundamental Concepts and Analysis’, Oxford University Press, Sixth
impression, 2010.
2. K. K.Appu Kuttan, Robotics, I K International, 2007.
3. Edwin Wise, Applied Robotics, Cengage Learning, 2003.
4. R.D.Klafter,T.A.Chimielewski and M.Negin, Robotic Engineering–An Integrated Approach,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1994.
5. B.K.Ghosh, Control in Robotics and Automation: Sensor Based Integration, Allied
Publishers,Chennai, 1998.
6. S.Ghoshal, “ Embedded Systems & Robotics” – Projects using the 8051 Microcontroller”,
Cengage Learning, 2009.