AN ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS USED YULE’S THEORY OF

BRUNO MARS SONG’S LYRIC (“BILLIONARE”).

Bab I

INTRODUCTION

Deixis is word deixis or where words or sentences have ambiguous and difficult to understand
meanings in the lyrics of the song "Billionare '' by Bruno mars - the lyrics of this song have
many words and sentences that are deixis or incomplete so that there are ambiguous meaning , a
song is a collection of words that are created by someone who usually contains meaning and can
also be accompanied by music so that it is more lulled in its meaning , I’ll use theory Yule
(1996:9) stated that deixis derived from the ancient Greek word that means, “show or pointing” .

Keywords : Song’s lyric , introduction , genre analysis , personal , time and placeof diexis .

1.1 Identification of problems

here will be reviewed how we distinguish words or sentences that are ambiguous or difficult to
understand because only the person concerned knows, these words or sentences can be events
that have not yet happened or will occur in the future.

1.2 Purposes of Research

To find out whether or not the use of words or sentences in the song lyrics , and any words or
sentences that are often confused in the lyrics of the song.

1.3 Historical of Research

Deixis (/ˈdaɪksɪs/) refers to words and phrases, such as "me" or "here", that cannot be fully
understood without additional contextual information—in this case, the identity of the speaker
("me") and the speaker's location ("here"). Words are deictic if their semantic meaning is fixed but
their denoted meaning varies depending on time and/or place... deixis is believed to be a feature (to
some degree) of all natural languages. The term's origin is Ancient Greek: δεῖξις, romanized: deixis,
lit. 'display, demonstration, or reference', the meaning point of reference in contemporary linguistics having

been taken over from Chrysippus – (Wikipedia) .

1.4 Objective of Research

- To identify the meaning of deixis which show the differences of Personal deixis, Time and Place
.

- To describe and explain all words or sentences which use deitic terms .

1.5 Benefit from Research

Students : Hopes will be able to apply the theories in all available song’s or text discourse
so easily to understand the meaning of it by practice , especially in linguistic
which will help them to know more about English grammatical well .

Teacher : hopefully to lecturer so this can be example of materies to learn such a give the
the example to the student in learning linguistic about lerning grammatical
especially in deixis .

BAB II
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Theoritical Framework

Deixis

In linguistic deixis leads to words or sentences , such as ‘Me’’ or ‘Here’’ that’scompletely can’t
be understand or have ambigus meaning .

According to Levinson (1983:54), deixis comes from Greek word means , “pointing or
indicating” . The means of pointing or indicating has close relation with how words put
into the context. A word can be deixis if the referent is nomadic and change depends on
the speaker, time and place pronounced that words .

Yule (1996:9) stated that deixis derived from the ancient Greek word that means, “show
or pointing” Yule (1996:9) distinguished deictic expression into two parts, include
proximal and distal terms. Proximal terms are known near from the speaker it’s typically
interpreted in terms of the speaker’s location , the terms are “this,here,now” . where areas
, distal terms is known away from the speaker ,its include “that, there and then”.

The non-dietic use’ is an expression for which we don’t need context to understand,
because it is not referring to a specific thing . for example, “I do ‘this and ‘that’” , the ‘this’
and ‘that’ do not refer to anything specific (Al-Tekreeti, 2016,p.)

2.2 Deixis Discourse analysis

Discourse deixis explain deictic that express indicate the next or before of the discourse , in
otherwise , words and sentences that showing the relationship between the previous speech and
discourse . that is the type of commentary on the text or dialogue by the speaker .

BAB III
 METHODS OF RESEARCH

The referential nature of deixis are explain in scema below :

T =text
T
G = ground
d
d = deitic
g
G

 According to Yule (1996:9) deixis is a form of referring that is tied to the

speaker’scontext, with the most basic distinction between deictic expressionsbeing “near
speaker” versus “away from the speaker .

Here a data analysis of song’s lyric :

I wanna be a billionaire so fuckin' bad

Buy all of the things I never had ( lyric of Billionare song )

The use word “I” refers to the person who uttering the sentence. The word “Never had” is included space
deixis but don not have clear detail and difficult to understand because we do not know what connected
from “I” what “Never had” what .

Yeah, I would “have a show like Oprah”, I would be the host of

“Everyday Christmas”, give Travie a wish list (lyric of Billionare song)

The use word “have a show like Oprah”, don’t have which one show that Oprah mine , cause
she’s got much Show about different channel .

In word “Everyday Christmas’’ refers to what time the situation in the song happened , but
Chrismas event only one a year, so this have ambiguity .

And adopt a bunch of “babies” that ain't never had shit (lyric of Billionare song) .
Use word “babies” refers to object person that human are divided into two sexes but he did not
mention gilrs or boys , like Yule says “show or pointing”.

Give away a few Mercedes like, "Here lady”, have this (lyric of Billionare song)

But speaker or writer do not explain “Here” , it’s typically not interpered in terms of speaker
location , maintained ambiguity meaning , Here but we do not where is it .

I'll be playing basketball with “the President”, dunkin' on his delegates

Then I'll compliment him on his political etiquette (lyric of Billionare song) .

Use word “the President” it’s kind of personal type of deixis , speaker do not mention the
president’s name , because every country has a different president . Deixis is the single obvious
way in which the relationship between language and context is reflected in the structures of
language themselves. Yule (1996:9)

The researcher found that the lyrics tend to use such types of deixis include person deixis,
spatial deixis,and temporal deixis Billionaire song lyrics. The types of deixis used are various
and have different references and meanings.
This research finds that person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis occur in songs
of in Billionaire lyrics.

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

 The researcher found that the lyrics tend to use such types of deixis include person deixis,
spatial deixis,and temporal deixis Billionaire song lyrics. The types of deixis used are various and
have different references and meanings.
This research finds that person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis occur in songs of
in Billionaire lyrics.

1. Person Deixis

Person deixis is used to point to people, for example the pronouns for first person (‘I’),
second person (‘you’), and third person (‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’). In many languages, this type of deixis
is related to the social status (for example, addressee with a higher status versus addressee with a
lower status). Expressions which indicate a higher status are described as honorifics.

Table 1. Number of Person Deixis

No. Song First person Second person Third person

Billionaire I (21 data), We ( 2 data), My ( 3 You ( 1 data). It (6 data).
data), Me ( 3 data).

From the table above, it can be seen deixis total people are 36 data from Billionaire song.
The lyrics that contain people's deixis are "I want to be a billionaire so frickin bad". There is 1
person data that is lyrics. Data is the first person deixis "I". I refer to Billionaire. second is the
second person "you". you included as the second deixis person which contains a third person
deixis is " you can call me Travie Claus minus the Ho Ho , it beats for you to call a millionaire
single . The function of third person deixis is as object of singular pronoun. Based on the
explanation above, the researcher notes that from Billionaire song, the use of personal deixis that
is followed by the three types of personal deixis occurs. The function of person deixis is to indicate
the use of personal pronoun in the song lyrics.

2. Spatial Deixis
The second type of deixis is spatial deixis, which is used to point to location. The
examples are the adverbs ‘here’, ‘there’, ‘this’ and ‘that’.
 Table 2. number of spatial Deixis

No. Song Spatial / place deixis

Billionaire This ( 1 datum)

From the table above, it can be seen that in song Billionaire there are data of spatial or
place deixis. The lyric “Give away a few like here lady have this” it refers to bruno mars wants a
woman. The function of spatial deixis is to indicate the use of the distance or location in the song
lyrics.

3. Temporal Deixis
The last category of deixis proposed by Yule is temporal deixis, which is used to point to
location in time. This includes time adverbs like ‘now’, ‘then’, ‘soon’, and etc.

Table 3 temporal Deixis

No. Song Temporal / time Deixis

Billionaire every time (1 datum)
every night ( 1 datum)
couple months ( 1 datum)

From the table above, the researcher found 3 data of time deixis. First data is every time in the lyric
“Oh every time I close my eyes”. we talk”. Second data is every night in the lyric “A different
city every night oh”. Third data is couple months night in the lyric “It's been a couple months since
I've been singles”. Every time, every night and couple months refers to time. Based on the
explanation above, the researcher includes that from the song Billionaire , the use of temporal
deixis occurs. The function of temporal deixis is to indicate the use of the timing in the song lyrics.

After analyzing and determining the types of deixis and also interpreting the references
meaning that are used in Billionaire song lyric, the findings of frequency of deixis types which
are used in the songs of Bruno mars are presented as follows:

Table 4. Number of Types of Deixis

 No. Types Of Deixis Frequency

1. Person Deixis 36
2. Partial / place Deixis 1
3. Temporal / Time of Deixis 3

From the table above, it shows that the number or frequency of deixis which is taken
from the song Billionaire are person deixis, partial / place deixis and temporal / time deixis
appear in Billionaire song lyric. The most dominant types of deixis that are used in songs of
Billionaire are person deixis 36 data). Thus the dominant words of person deixis in Billionaire
song Lyric use first person deixis which are I, Me, My, We.

References

http://wwwwikipedi
http://www.unsa.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/selju/article/download/269/177\

http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/4015/5/Bab%202.pdf