Tips for electrical System:

 A wind turbine is based on two electrical systems.

1. High voltage system
Higher than 1000V AC and runs through
 Main switch gear
 Transformer
 Cables
2. Low voltage system
Less than 1000V AC and runs through
 Cabinets
 Cables
 Main convertor
 Generator
  Switchgear is the combination of electrical connectors,
fuses and circuit breakers used to isolate electrical
equipment at the tower from the grid or other turbines. It is
used to de-energize equipment so you can work on it and to
clear faults.
 The switchgear isolates the WTG main transformer from
the grid, or depending on the wind farm configuration,
separates the turbine from other turbines in the same
circuit.
 Main switchgear components are
1. Control part which contains SF6 gas pressure state,
push buttons, protections relay system etc
2. Wire connections and fuses

Electrical cabinets:
Are used to house low voltage protection components, breakers,
communication devices, connectors and all electrical
equipment’s needed to run and monitor the wind turbine.
They distribute the power flow from the generator to the
transformer and from transformer to the different auxiliary
systems found around the nacelle.
Power cabinets (PC):
Directs and controls the turbine power flow.
1. Power from the generator to the grid through the main transformer.
The power cables run from the generator stator to the main contactor and
through the bus bars to the transformer through the main breaker.
2. Power from grid through the main transformer to the different
auxiliary circuits that power up the nacelle.
The PC is located in the mid tower section and is divided into:
 the 400V side: contains all components that power the auxiliary
system.
 the 690V side: contains the generator stator connection and the
inverter connection

Control cabinet:
Contains all of the wind turbine control components (device-net,
Galileo) and all WTG communication devices. It also has
several circuit breakers and fuses for protection purposes.

Auxiliary cabinets:
Contains all the auxiliary systems including motors, sensors,
connections and protections that makes the nacelle functional.
The voltage inside these cabinets ranges from 400V AC to 24V
DC.
Some of those cabinets include
  PB boc
 Lft box
 Add here!

Safety line:
 This is a 24V DC line that connects some of the
sensors with emergency stop push buttons, and is
capable of instantaneously shutting down the turbine.
 This line runs through the whole turbine passing
through Galileo control ,pitch system and the
converter.

Sensors:
 Provide information to the Galileo control about the
current status of the different systems they are
monitoring.
 They play an important role by gathering different
parameters (temperature, pressure, speed, position)
values from the field and sending it to the PLC to
process.
 These values are then analyzed by Galileo PLC and
stored in the system. the PLC then determines if the
turbine is operating within a normal range or it needs
to raise an alarm or even trips the machine if it sees an
unsafe condition.
Some of most common sensors include:
1. Main transformer temperature station:
 Monitors the temperature of the main transformer
and sends its value to the Galileo.
 It also activates main transformer fans and trips the
main switchgear if the transformer temp gets too
high.
2. Twist sensors:
 It monitors the nacelle position with regard to the
tower and determines how many turns the nacelle
has done.
 When the nacelle rotates more than 3 turn in the
same direction. It trips the safety line resets itself.
Galileo will execute a full 3 turns in the opposite
direction to untwist the tower cables.

3. Generator encoder:
 Monitors the generator speed and incase the
generator speed gets too high a small centrifugal
switch installed as part of the encoder will trigger
the safety line and stop the WTG.
4. Wind vane:
 Is an instrument that determines the wind
direction and sends its value to the Galileo it is
control. The PLC will then calculate how much
 the nacelle needs to rotate and orders the yaw
system to move until the blades are facing the
wind at optimal angle.
5. Anemometer:
 This is a device that measures the wind speed.
By knowing this value, the controller can
determine when to start the turbine and
maximizes the power generating capabilities at
different wind speed.
Temperature sensors (PT100):
 They are found everywhere in the nacelle in
order to monitor the temperature of different
components of the turbine (gearbox bearing,
gearbox oil, generator bearings, nacelle internal
temperature, environmental temperature).

Main converter:
The main converter is the system that optimizes and controls the
power generated from the turbine and injected to the grid over a
wind range of generator speed.
Its main function is to automatically regulate the excitation of
the generator rotor so your voltage output that is delivered to the
grid has a constant frequency.
(Drawing and types of inducted field)
Earthing system:
An earthing system is used for the tower to avoid damages when
lightning strikes the turbine.
It is a grounding system that connects all the tower metal
components to a common ground, so in the unfortunate event if
lightening strikes the earth absorbs most of the impact.
Aside from protecting the turbine against lightings, an earthing
system protects the control system and communication from
electromagnetic noise.