1 Parameter Update Equations for MECE

1.1 Neo- Hookean Model

The strain energy has the form

W (I¯1 , I¯2 , J) = c10 (I¯1 − 3) + KU (J) (1)

where I¯1 = I1
J 2/3
and U (J) is a suitable function for modelling volumetric response of the
material.
The stress in terms of the B matrix is given as:
 
1
I 1 dU
w1 + I¯1 w2 B − I¯1 w1 + 2I¯2 w2 2


SD = 2 2/3
− 4/3 w2 B + KJ I (2)
J 3 J dJ

where w1 = ∂W/∂ I¯1 and w2 = ∂W/∂ I¯2 .

For the Neo-Hookean model, w1 = c10 and w2 = 0, so that the stress is:
 
1 ¯1 c10 I dU
SD = 2 c 10 B − I + KJ I
J 2/3 3 dJ

 
1 I dU
=⇒ S D = 2 2/3
B − I¯1 c10 + KJ I = M c10 + N K
J 3 dJ

where
 
1 I
M =2 2/3
B − I¯1 (3)
J 3
dU
N =J I
dJ

The expression for Σ is:

Σ = S N − M c10 − N K (4)

The derivatives of Σ wrt the material parameters are:

dΣ dΣ
= −M = −N (5)
dc10 dK

Since M T = M and N T = N , we obtain 2 equations as :

Z Z
dΣ
Σ: dΩ0 = tr (M (S N − M c10 − N K)) dΩ0 = 0
Ω0 dc10 Ω0
Z
=⇒ tr(M S N ) − tr(M 2 )c10 − tr(M N )KdΩ0 = 0 (6)
Ω0

1
 Z Z
dΣ
Σ: dΩ0 = tr (N (S N − M c10 − N K)) dΩ0 = 0
Ω0 dK Ω0
Z
=⇒ tr(N S N ) − tr(N M )c10 − tr(N 2 )KdΩ0 = 0 (7)
Ω0

The equations (6) and (7) can be arranged in the matrix format as:
    
2
tr(M ) tr(M N ) c tr(M S N )
Z
   10  −   dΩ0 = 0 (8)
2
Ω0 tr(N M ) tr(N ) K tr(N S N )
From which we may obtain the explicit expressions for parameter update as:
   −1  
2
c tr(M ) tr(M N ) tr(M S N )
Z
 10  =     dΩ0
2
K Ω0 tr(N M ) tr(N ) tr(N S N )
 
Z tr(N 2 )tr(M S N )−tr(M N )tr(N S N )

= (tr(M 2 )tr(N 2 )−tr(M N )tr(N M ))

 dΩ0 (9)
 
−tr(N M )tr(M S N )+tr(M 2 )tr(N S N )

Ω0
(tr(M 2 )tr(N 2 )−tr(M N )tr(N M ))

Let us consider that U (J) = (J − 1)2 . For 2-D Plane Strain, I1 = I˜1 + 1 where I˜1 is
the first invariant of the 2-D B- matrix B̃.
I˜1 +1
If we assume that a = 3
, then the explicit expressions for the parameters c10 and K
can be found from (9) to be:
 
Z 2tr(S ˜N B̃) − tr(S˜N )tr(B̃)
1 2/3
c10 = J dΩ0
2tr(B 2 ) − tr(B)2


Ω0 2

 
Z tr(S˜N )tr(B 2 ) − tr(B̃)tr(S˜N B̃) + 2a · tr(S˜N B̃) − a · tr(S˜N )tr(B)
K= dΩ0
2J(J − 1) 2tr(B 2 ) − tr(B)2


Ω0

1.2 Mooney Rivlin Model

The strain energy has the form

W (I¯1 , I¯2 , J) = c10 (I¯1 − 3) + c01 (I¯2 − 3) + KU (J) (10)

where I¯1 = I1
J 2/3
, I¯2 = I2
J 4/3
.
The stress in terms of the B matrix is given as:
 
1
I 1 dU
w1 + I¯1 w2 B − I¯1 w1 + 2I¯2 w2 2


SD = 2 2/3
− 4/3 w2 B + KJ I (11)
J 3 J dJ

2
 where w1 = ∂W/∂ I¯1 and w2 = ∂W/∂ I¯2 . For the Mooney Rivlin model, w1 = c10 and
w2 = c01 , so that the stress is:
 
1
I c 01 dU
c10 + I¯1 c01 B − I¯1 c10 + 2I¯2 c01 2


SD = 2 2/3
− 4/3 B + KJ I (12)
J 3 J dJ

   
2 I 2 I 2 dU
=⇒ S D = B − I1 c10 + 4/3 I1 B − 2I2 − B c01 + KJ I
J 2/3 3 J 3 dJ
= M c10 + N c01 + QK (13)

where
 
2 I
M = 2/3 B − I1
J 3
 
2 I 2
N = 4/3 I1 B − 2I2 − B
J 3
dU
Q=J I
dJ
The expression for Σ is:

Σ = S N − M c10 − N c01 − QK (14)

The derivatives of Σ wrt the material parameters are:

dΣ dΣ dΣ
= −M = −N = −Q (15)
dc10 dc01 dK
We obtain 3 equations as:
Z Z
dΣ
Σ: dΩ0 = tr (M (S N − M c10 − N c01 − QK)) dΩ0 = 0
Ω0 dc10 Ω0
Z
=⇒ tr(M S N ) − tr(M 2 )c10 − tr(M N )c01 − tr(M Q)KdΩ0 = 0 (16)
Ω0

Z Z
dΣ
Σ: dΩ0 = tr (N (S N − M c10 − N c01 − QK)) dΩ0 = 0
Ω0 dc01 Ω0
Z
=⇒ tr(N S N ) − tr(N M )c10 − tr(N 2 )c01 − tr(N Q)KdΩ0 = 0 (17)
Ω0

Z Z
dΣ
Σ: dΩ0 = tr (Q (S N − M c10 − N c01 − QK)) dΩ0 = 0
Ω0 dK Ω0
Z
=⇒ tr(QS N ) − tr(QM )c10 − tr(QN )c01 − tr(Q2 )KdΩ0 = 0 (18)
Ω0

3
 The equations (16),(17) and (18) can be arranged in the matrix format as:
    
2
tr(M ) tr(M N ) tr(M Q) c tr(M S )
Z    10   N

2
 tr(N M ) tr(N ) tr(N Q)   c01  −  tr(N S N )  dΩ0 = 0
    
Ω0      
2
tr(QM ) tr(QN ) tr(Q ) K tr(QS N )

From which we may obtain the explicit expressions for parameter update as:
   −1  
2
c tr(M ) tr(M N ) tr(M Q) tr(M S N )
 10  Z    
=  tr(N M ) tr(N 2 ) tr(N Q)   dΩ0
     
 c01  tr(N S N )
  Ω0    
2
K tr(QM ) tr(QN ) tr(Q ) tr(QS N )

For 2D Plane Strain, the matrices M , N and Q will be 2 dimensional and the invariants
I1 , I2 must be changed likewise.

1.3 Generalized Polynomial Model

The strain energy has the form

m
X n
X
W (I¯1 , I¯2 , J) = (I¯1 − 3)i ci0 + (I¯2 − 3)j c0j + KU (J) (19)
i=1 j=1

where I¯1 = I1
J 2/3
, I¯2 = I2
J 4/3
and U (J) is a suitable function for modelling volumetric response
of the material.
The stress in terms of the B matrix is given as:
 
1 ¯1 w2 B − I¯1 w1 + 2I¯2 w2


I 1 2 dU
SD = 2 w 1 + I − w 2 B + KJ I (20)
J 2/3 3 J 4/3 dJ

where w1 = ∂W/∂ I¯1 and w2 = ∂W/∂ I¯2 .

For this material model, w1 = m ¯ (i−1)
ci0 and w2 = nj=1 j(I¯2 − 3)(j−1) c0j , so
P P
i=1 i(I1 − 3)

that the stress is:

m n
!!
2 X X
SD = i(I¯1 − 3)(i−1) ci0 + I¯1 j(I¯2 − 3)(j−1) c0j B
J 2/3 i=1 j=1
m
! n
!!
X X I
−2 I¯1 i(I¯1 − 3)(i−1) ci0 + 2I¯2 j(I¯2 − 3)(j−1) c0j (21)
i=1 j=1
3
n
!
2 X dU
− j(I¯2 − 3)(j−1) c0j B 2 + KJ I
J 4/3 j=1
dJ

4
 Let us assume that a = I¯1 − 3 and b = I¯2 − 3 so that the stress can be written as:

m n
!!
2 X X
S D = 2/3 i · a(i−1) ci0 + I¯1 j · b(j−1) c0j B
J i=1 j=1
m
! n
!!
X X I
− 2 I¯1 i · a(i−1) ci0 + 2I¯2 j · b(j−1) c0j
i=1 j=1
3
n
!
2 X dU
− 4/3 j·b (j−1)
c0j B 2 + KJ I
J j=1
dJ
   X m
2 I
=⇒ S D = 2/3
B − I1 i · a(i−1) ci0 (22)
J 3 i=1
   X n
2 I 2
+ I1 B − 2I 2 − B j · b(j−1) c0j + QK
J 4/3 3 j=1
m
! n
!
X X
(i−1) (j−1)
=M i·a ci0 + N j·b c0j + QK
i=1 j=1

We define 2 vectors v 1 and v 2 as:

 
v1 = 2 (m−1)
1 2a 3a . . . ma
 
v2 = 2 (n−1)
1 2b 3b . . . nb

so that the stress can be written as:

     
c c01
  10    
     
  c20    c02 
SD = M 
v 1 ·  ..
  + N v 2 · 
   ..  + QK

  .    . 
     
cm0 c0n

The expression for Σ is:

     
c c01
  10    
     
  c20    c02 
Σ = SN − M 
v 1 ·  ..
  − N v 2 · 
   ..  − QK
 (23)
  .    . 
     
cm0 c0n

The derivatives of Σ wrt the material parameters are:

dΣ dΣ dΣ
= −M (v 1 (k)) = −N (v 2 (k)) = −Q (24)
dck0 dc0k dK

5
We obtain (m + n + 1) equations as:
    
2
tr(M ){v 1 ⊗ v 1 } tr(M N ){v 1 ⊗ v 2 } tr(M Q) {c } tr(M S N ){v 1 }
Z    k0   
 tr(N M ){v 2 ⊗ v 1 } tr(N 2 ){v 2 ⊗ v 2 } tr(N Q)   {c0k }  −  tr(N S N ){v 2 }  dΩ0
    
Ω0      
2
tr(QM ) tr(QN ) tr(Q ) K tr(QS N )

=0

Or,
 
c10
 
c20
 
 
 
c30
 
 
..
 
.
 
 
   
{ck0 } cm0
 
 
   
 {c0k }  = 
   
c01 
   
 
K  c02 
 
 
 c03 
..
 
 
 . 
 
 
 c0n 
 
K
   
1
   
2a
   
   
   
tr(M S )
 2 
3a
 
 N   
..
   
 
.
 
   
 −1    
2 m−1
tr(M ){v 1 ⊗ v 1 } tr(M N ){v 1 ⊗ v 2 } tr(M Q) m·a
 
Z  
     
= tr(N M ){v 2 ⊗ v 1 } tr(N 2 ){v 2 ⊗ v 2 } tr(N Q)    dΩ0
   
 1
Ω0      
2  
tr(QM ) tr(QN ) tr(Q ) 2b
 
   
   
 tr(N S N )  3b
  2 



..
   
   
  .  
   
n−1
 
 n·b 
 
tr(QS N )