Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
An Undergraduate Research
By
David Diozon
Hazel Sunga
Acknowledgment
i
The researcher’s offer their profound gratitude and sincere appreciation to
the following who contributed for the completion of this research study.
First and foremost to our almighty God for giving the wisdom, strengths,
inspiration and knowledge in exploring things, for the guidance in helping surpass
all the trials that the researcher’s encountered and for giving determination to
Fransisco, LPT who shared a lot of knowledge, insights, spent time to help us, and
gave his moral support, for which this study would not have been possible without
his guidance.
We would also like to thank the teachers who gave their full participation
to honestly answer our survey. To our friends and classmate who shared their
knowledge to help is in this study. And most important to our loving parents who
Dedication
family who are always there to motivate and support us financially to accomplish
ii
this study. To our fellow SHS students, research adviser and research teacher.
assistance.
To our lord Jesus Christ for the wisdom coupled with favors, strength and
iii
Table of Contents
Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................. i
Dedication ....................................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I ........................................................................................................................... 1
Theoretical framework .................................................................................................... 2
Statement of the problem ................................................................................................ 4
Scope and delimitation.................................................................................................... 4
Significance of the study................................................................................................. 5
Definition of terms .......................................................................................................... 6
Chapter II............................................................................................................................. 6
CHAPTER III ....................................................................................................................... 19
Research Design ............................................................................................................... 20
Cost Description ............................................................................................................... 20
Rationale of the Investigation ........................................................................................... 21
Data analysis ..................................................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER IV ....................................................................................................................... 26
Summary ....................................................................................................................... 29
Findings ......................................................................................................................... 30
Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 30
Curriculum vitae............................................................................................................ 32
iv
CHAPTER I
First, let's make one thing straight. Ampalaya cannot cure diabetes, but it
which the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood is abnormally high because the
There is no known cure for diabetes yet, but know enough of the disease
to be able to control it and prevent its complications (i.e., through proper diet,
There is one natural weapon against diseases that can be found in your
kitchen. It’s that wrinkly green vegetable with a distinctive bitter taste that every
terms of nutritional contents, the fruits and leaves of the Ampalaya are reportedly
low-caloric cost.”
excellent source of vitamins B1, B2, and B3, C, magnesium, folic acid, zinc,
1
phosphorus, manganese, and has high dietary fiber. It is rich in iron, contains
twice the beta-carotene of broccoli, twice the calcium of spinach, and twice the
potassium of a banana.
very nutritious vegetable but has a bitter taste. So the researchers came up with a
project which uses Ampalaya as the main ingredient and lessening its bitter taste,
this experimental project can help improve the health condition of the country
consumed by people.
(14%) of the average daily value for dietary fiber is present in one Ampalaya
fruit. Dietary fiber contributes to gastrointestinal health and the utilization of the
Physicians, fiber also might protect against heart disease, diabetes, diverticulitis
most beneficial vegetables that can help your body to be more healthy and prevent
many types of disease like high blood, diabetes etc. This product aims to reduce
Theoretical framework
2
project that uses ampalaya as the main ingredient despite its bitter taste. Some
believed that this project may not work because of its complicated flavor. Others
say that it wills outcome will produce good result that most children would
transporting glucose from the blood into the cells.” The enzyme is called AMPK,
Most of the people don’t know how ampalaya is very nutritious here.Some
health benefits of ampalaya help to treat burn injury, Treat a chronic cough
keep the health of oral cavity., good for healthy eyes., help to control the blood
pressure., Lowering the cholesterol., Protect the liver, Strengthen the bone and
also beneficial for women as it help to cure some tumor in the uterus,
3
dysmenorrhea and hormonal imbalance. A cup of pounded leaves of ampalaya,
According to Filipinos belief, when ampalaya juice taken was made from
leaves, parasites within the body are extracted. However, both leaves and fruits
can be juiced and taken orally. In addition, a warmed ampalaya leaves can also be
applied to treat wounds, burns and headaches as well as on some skin infections.
A spoonful ampalaya leaf juice is also use to alleviate mild coughs for children
when taken daily. And is as well agreeable treatment for burns, wounds and
scalds.
Aside from its extreme medicinal value, it is also a great source of iron,
The goals of this study are the following: first, to know the health benefits
of ampalaya. Second, reduce and help diabetics and other type of diseases. Third,
4
The study focused on the health benefits of the ampalaya, delimited the
persons who has health problems like diabetics and also for the children don’t like
eating ampalaya, the product will be pre-tasted given directly to some residence in
Santa Rosa, Nueva Ecija and for those who willing to buy our products.
vegetable that is famous to every Filipino. A tropical plant commonly grown for
its edible fruit, probably among the most bitter of all vegetables on earth which is
used widely for medicinal purposes in the Philippines to treat some common
well as lowering the body blood sugar and blood pressure levels.
Cancer prevention
the blood sugar in the body. A juice from the fruit which has hypoglycemic
5
effects has a greater copious supply which enhances the uptake of glucose and
Definition of terms
For better understanding of this study, the following are operationally defined
limited amounts
Chips- a thin slice of food made crisp by being fried, baked, or dried and typically
eaten as a snack
Chapter II
6
According to Ayson Martinez (2016), one hundred grams of bitter gourd
contains 120 mg of vitamin C --much higher than many vitamin C-rich vegetables
and fruits. Scientific data have shown this extremely rich vitamin content is not
compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids. It has a high medicinal value that
can help to treat and prevent some serious diseases. This mixture helps the body
to produce more insulin which controls the blood sugar levels of a diabetic
person, Research and studies worldwide proved the benefits of bitter melon on the
Eating ampalaya can help prevent heart attack and stroke. It helps to relax
the vascular system walls helping blood to flow without restrictions from narrow
passageways.
Its enzymes and nutrients can help to counter-react the effects of alcohol and
toxins to our body thus, help so maintain proper functionality of spleen and liver.
Juice from Ampalaya leaves and grounded seeds may serve as antiphrastic drug, it
helps to expel intestinal parasites, can also be used in the treatment for dysentery
,diarrhea, and chronic colitis. Grounded seeds can be taken 3x a day until ailments
7
Study by Dr. Simon,it controls mucus build-up and the on-set chest congestion
treat symptoms of colds such as coughing and fever, by proper eating and
including to healthy diet; it will help boost the immune system. It can help expel
and regulates free radicals in the body and may prevent and protect against
According to Philippine herbal medicine, ampalaya has been a folkloric cure for
generations but has now been proven to be an effective herbal medicine for many
aliments. Most significant of which is for Diabetes. The Philippine variety has
alkaloids make the Pancreas produce more insulin that controls the blood sugar in
The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant activities of the
days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, hepatic and renal
kidney of diabetic rats. The results clearly suggest that seeds of Ampalaya treated
8
group may effectively normalize the impaired antioxidant status in streptozotocin
induced-diabetes than the glibenclamide treated groups. The extract exerted rapid
This study, has used human breast cancer cells, and primary human mammary
proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death. Subsequent studies showed that
bitter melon extract treatment of breast cancer cells inhibited surviving and
clasping expression. Further studies revealed that bitter melon extract treatment
enhanced p53, p21, and pChk1/2 and inhibited cycling B1 and cycling D1
Together, these results show that bitter melon extract modulates signal
transduction pathways for inhibition of breast cancer cell growth and can be used
March 2010(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20179194)
Ampalaya (bitter gourd) is not only a nutritious vegetable but it is also used in
studies with animals and humans suggested that the vegetable has a possible role
in glycemic control. The study assessed the effects of Ampalaya for type 2
9
diabetes mellitus. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895968)
This review describes anti-diabetic effects of bitter gourd reported in the literature
and safe use of the bitter gourd for diabetes. Analyses of bioactive compounds
have shown that bitter gourd is rich in nutrients and phytochemicals of which
compounds have been tested in vitro and in vivo. Bitter gourd increases insulin
with type 2 diabetics are weak in their design and/or results, some of the studies
do indicate anti-diabetic effects in patients and safety for bitter gourd treatment in
humans. In the future, well designed studies with rodents will help to understand
administration is optimal. Such results will help to design human studies which
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24295371)
Methanol extract of Ampalaya was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity on four
human cancer cell lines, in this study. Methanol extract of Ampalaya showed
cytotoxic activity towards all cancer cells tested, with the approximate IC(50)
10
ranging from 0.25 to 0.35 mg/mL at 24 h. MCME induced cell death was found to
apoptogenic protein, Bax, was increased, whereas Bcl-2 was decreased after
treating for 24 h in all cancer cells, indicating the involvement of mitochondrial
pathway in MCME-induced cell death. These findings indicate that CME has
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091557)
According to Henrylito Tacio in terms of nutritional contents, the fruits and leaves
of the ampalaya are reportedly rich in minerals and vitamins, notably iron,
dishes: it is stir-fried with ground beef and oyster sauce, or with eggs and diced
tomato. A very popular dish from the Ilocos region is the ‘pinakbet,’ which
consists mainly of ampalaya, eggplant, okra, string beans, tomatoes, lima beans,
and other various regional vegetables stewed with a little bagoong based stock.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-stress activity of Momordica
charantia fruit extract on stress-induced changes in albino rats and also to explore
11
attenuating effects of MC on in vitro lipid peroxidation in rat brain. Results have
showed that pretreatment with MC at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153706/)
Bitter gourds, if taken in excessive quantities can turn out to be a nightmare for
pregnant women. Bitter gourds are notorious for causing emmenagogue (increase
Bitter gourds can also trigger contractions. And for lactating women, it is best to
avoid bitter gourd. This is because though there isn’t any scientific backing which
says bitter gourds are bad for lactating women, its adverse effects on pregnant
know vegetables like bitter gourd which are known for their healing properties,
might even come in the way of drugs. But this is the fact. Combining bitter gourds
with standard drugs can reduce blood sugar levels steeply. This might possibly
Pregnant women should be very careful about everything they eat and drink as
their food habits can have a serious impact on the health of the child developing
in them. Eating bitter gourds in excessive quantities can be very bad for a
12
pregnant woman’s health because of their ability to increase the menstrual flow
contractions, and thus increasing the risk of miscarriages. As far as the lactating
mothers are concerned, there is no scientific study to prove that bitter gourd is bad
moderate quantity.bitter gourd is very beneficial for diabetic patients and can help
in regulating the high blood sugar level. However, this benefit of bitter gourd can
turn into a side effect if you are consuming bitter gourd along with your regular
Study by Bharat Sharma explained this is because diabetes medicines and the
bitter gourd can combined reduce the blood sugar level to such a low level that it
can be dangerous for our health. Therefore, diabetic’s patients should consult
with their doctors before adding bitter gourd to their diet bitter gourd is beneficial
for our heart as it helps in preventing clogging of arteries and also regulates blood
irregular heartbeat after he drank half cup of bitter gourd juice. It was found that
that young man had no sign of heart problem earlier. An irregular heartbeat can
lead to the formation of blood clots because of the pooling of blood in one side of
13
the heart. This can cause stroke or heart attack and for this reason.
Luggwa, a nutritionist from Kampala Hospital, the Bitter gourd detoxifies and
helps to clean the blood in cases of hangovers, piles, and poison among others.
Luggwa also noted that bitter gourd stimulates a smooth digestion and proper
movement of food through the bowel until it is defecated from the body.
The fruit is an insulin food that is believed to lower blood sugar levels in diabetic
people. Its bitterness can be reduced by cutting it into pieces and soaking them in
Musta Ramathan, a chef from Truddies at Nakulabye, bitter gourd can be eaten
with bread, pizza and blended to make juice or fried and consumed as vegetables
respectively.
The most important attributes of fried food are texture, appearance and flavor.
Chips are one of the most popular snacks in the United States and they have an oil
content that ranges from 35.3% to 44.5% w.b. which gives the unique attributes
combination that makes the chips desirable (Garayo & Moreira, 2002).
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in reducing the amount of oil
high fat food is a major cause for obesity. In addition, the potential production of
acrylamide during the process of frying at high temperatures has been considered
consequence, there is a demand for healthier food and a need for a cooking
14
method that offers the same desired organoleptic characteristics of deep-fat frying
acrylamide formation. It is well known that deep-fat frying is a prevalent and old
food cooking method which can go back to 1600 BC. Although 1600C is usually
recommended for frying foods, it is always higher than 1600C in the practical
Food processing, palatable taste of fried food and considerable economic benefit
make the deep-fat frying become one of the most pop-ular food cooking methods
Furthermore, the sale of pre-cooked and ready-to-eat products which also refer to
the deep-frying process has dramatically increased in the western world and is
rapidly expanding throughout the developing countries. In other words, fried food
The fried food is endowed with attractive flavor, golden pellicle and crisp texture
or mouth feel when it is fired under the appropriate conditions (Rossell, 2001;
Warner, 2008).
Ampalaya has insulin-like polypeptides, called p-insulin, in its fruits and seeds.
Insulin helps your body use and store blood glucose when you eat food, advises the
American Diabetes Association. The plant also contains leptin, a hormone that can
play a role in insulin resistance. While bitter melon has a scientifically proven track
record for improving insulin resistance in the body, the exact mechanism by which
15
the plant works remains unknown (Qixuan Chen, lead author of a study published
According to Chen (2008), The plant’s ability to lower blood-glucose levels might
be the result of its ability to create a metabolic environment in the body that reduces
According to Victoria Nampala the fruit also known as bitter melon or bitter
squash can be eaten as vegetable or blended to make juice or chips .Bitter gourd
(Kalera) is a fruit that looks like cucumber or chameleon with warts, belonging to
the cucumber family. the fruit also known as bitter melon or bitter squash can be
eaten as vegetable or blended to make juice. The fruit is sour as the name states
powerful natural antioxidant that helps to search harmful free waste from the
human body.
Bitter gourd also reduces the rate at which cancer spreads in the body cells. Dr
Henry Ddungu, an oncologist from Mulago Cancer Institute says the fruit can
16
cryptoxanthin, cucurbitns, cucuritacins, cucuritanes, cycloartenols, diosgenin,
glycoside, saponin like substances, rennin an aromatic volatile oil mucilage. Bitter
gourd shows a significant antimicrobial activity and is of great use in medicine for
treatment of many diseases such as piles, leprosy, jaundice; diabetes and snake
bite. Its fruits and leaves have been shown to exhibit various biological activities
parasitic activity).
Books and articles on Philippine medicinal plants list several diseases where
ampalaya is apparently beneficial. Reportedly, the extract from the leaves or roots
shrinks hemorrhoids. The leaf juice is supposedly a good antitussive (i.e., it stops
cough), antipyretic (i.e., for fever), purgative and anthelmintic (i.e., against
roundworms).
Yes, ampalaya has been considered as nature’s answer to diabetes. Today, almost
all studies have demonstrated the blood sugar lowering effect of this bitter fruit.
Dr. A. Raman and Dr. C. Lau, who reviewed over 150 pre-clinical and clinical
17
Oral administration of fruit juice or seed powder (of bitter melon) causes a
In the Philippines, Dr. William Torres, former director of Bureau of Food and
Drugs, came up with this conclusion after reviewing several studies done on
ampalaya: Ampalaya fruits, leaves, seeds and other parts, when used as dry
hypoglycemic activity.
polypeptide-P, plant insulin found only in the ampalaya. Similar to animal insulin,
polypeptide-P lowers elevated blood sugar levels. Dr. Torres maintains that
potentiate insulin.
Even ampalaya have some blood sugar lowering effect among diabetics,
University. “This effect is noticeable regardless of how the leaves are prepared -
studies so far conducted on ampalaya and diabetes can be labeled conclusive. All
18
were done using a very limited number of human subjects, and most are not
controlled.
the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that could possibly reduce the dose of
(Gonzales,2016).
The Bureau of Food and Drugs approved the first ampalaya tea in the country
Ampalaya Tea as ideal for diabetics’ special dietary needs. However, diabetics
who wish to try ampalaya need not spend money on the tablet, capsule or tea
forms of the plant. They can cultivate the plant or buy it from the market and
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This Chapter presents the method used. The materials used the instrument
applied in the conduct if this study and the data analysis utilized by the
researchers.
19
Research Design
gathering data and information. This method is most appropriate since most of the
make the best result of the product. The study used the product output
experimental design.
Ingredients:
Ampalaya
Apog
Flour
Salt
Pan
Mayo
4. Labeling
Cost Description
The researchers bought ampalaya, space crispy fry from the market. The
salt and apog were usual stuff in kitchen the stove and gas were used in making
20
the ampalaya chips. Since some of materials are already given, the researcher’s
The Ampalaya was soaked in hot water with 1 cup of salt and apog,
waiting almost 1 hour to 3 hours, after 1 to 3 hours wash the ampalaya to pop off
the existing apog and salt .The researchers showed how the bitterness of the
Procedure in Testing
Ampalaya was bought from the market and was cut into small pieces with
almost 1 to 2 inch thin. After cutting the ampalaya, researchers soaked the
ampalaya with hot water with salt and apog mixed together. After 1 hour to 3
hours of soaking washed the ampalaya to remove exsisting salt and apog.
2. Making product
Heat the pan, rolled over the ampalaya with the crispy fried mix, then deep
3. Tasting Product
21
After cooking the ampalaya and turning it chips, researcher’s noticed that
4. Labeling
Data analysis
Product analysis was be used in the study. The output of the experiment
22
23
24
25
CHAPTER IV
interpretation of the gathered data. The data gathered were presented using tables
Table 1
chips
Ingredients
table, all the other chips identified materials are discarded in nature which means
that is possible to create ampalaya out of tha given materials and ingredients.
26
Table 2
seen in the table, 3 trials were made by the researches in which the average time
already took 24 hours in apog and for the frying the researches consumed 6-7
minutes.
The data implied that it take more than 28 hours to produce the
27
Availability of the Material and Ingredients
the researchers had no question in mind since ampalaya was found at the store and
malls because Ampalaya is abundant here at the Philippines. Apog and the flour
was bought from the store and also the oil used easy to find at the public market
or in the malls. The pan used in frying the ampalaya was found only in the
kitchen. So the availability of the materials and ingredients was not the problem.
The researchers tested the finish product of the Ampalaya chips. The
output was good and tasty and also nontoxic and safe treat for adults and kids.
Since we don’t use any preservatives, it’s safe for everyone to eat Ampalaya
chips.
The study can serve as an eye opener to students likes the researchers that
simple research can be done using the materials found in the kitchen and also you
can buy from the store and public store and malls.
For students like the researchers, this study can be a proof that the learned
principles in some of the subjects already taken and the example set by the
teachers teaching those subjects have been instilled in the minds of the students.
28
CHAPTER V
This chapter presents the summary, conclusions and the recommendations given
by the researchers.
Summary
This experimental research tested that the Ampalaya bitterness can vanish
doing a few steps and also Ampalaya can be made to a chips for the kids and
people who have diabetes. The researchers consider some materials were found in
the kitchen and some of them was founded in stores and malls. Product testing
and analysis was used in order to establish the result of the study.
29
1.3 Availability of the materials.
Findings
The following are the findings of the study
products of Ampalaya and other chips. However, ampalaya chips can help those
who was suffering in diabetes. It is also an alternative food for the people
Conclusions
Based on the result of the study the following conclusions were derived:
and also can be used as chips so that the people who was suffering the diabetes
2. That Amapaya chips can be done in how many hours but it is also easy to fry
and easy to make. Materials and ingredients were found only at the kitchen or can
Recommendations
30
Based on the conclusions, the researchers recommend the following:
2. This study should be considered and used especially for people who are
suffering from diabetes and for the kids who don’t like the taste of the bitterness
of Ampalaya.
31
Curriculum vitae
Email address:SAM.Vergara78@gmail.com
Contact number:09073706086
Age:18
Civil Status:Singel
Religion:Medthodist
32
Name: Patrick Jerome Cruz
Email address:patrickjerome@gmail.com
Contact number:0974939536
Age:18
Civil Status:Singel
Religion:INC
33
Name: Hazel Sunga
Email address:Hazelfsunga@gmail.com
Contact number:097550228599
Age:18
Civil Status:Singel
Religion:Chatholic
34
Name: John David Diozon
Email address:Daviddiozon@gmail.com
Contact number:09755982985
Age:18
Civil Status:Singel
Religion:Chatholic
35
Name: John Paolo Ocampo
Email address:Paoloocampo20@gmail.com
Contact number:09053076299
Age:18
Civil Status:Singel
Religion:Chatholic
36