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• Venturi Meters
• Flow Nozzles
Orifice Meter
Disadvantage:
• Large power consumption in the form of
irrecoverable pressure loss
Orifice Meter
The development of the orifice meter equation is similar to that
of the venturi meter and gives:
where:
β = ratio of orifice diameter to pipe diameter ≈ 0.5 usually
S0 = cross sectional area of orifice
–
V = bulk velocity through the orifice
C0 = orifice coefficient ≈ 0.61 for Re > 30,000
There is a large pressure drop much of which is not
recoverable. This can be a severe limitation when
considering use of an orifice meter.
Pressure Loss in
Orifice Meters
ASME
Design
Standards
Rotameters
Rotameters fall into the category of flow
measurement devices called variable area meters.
These devices have nearly constant pressure and
depend on changing cross sectional area to indicate
flow rate. Rotameters are extremely simple, robust
devices that can measure flow rates of both liquids
and gasses.
Flow
Rotameter
When fluid is passed through a U-bend, it imposes a force on the tube wall
perpendicular to the flow direction (Coriolis force). The deformation of the
U-tube is proportional to the flow rate. Coriolis meters are expensive but
highly accurate.
Pneumatic Control Valves
Orifice Meter Example
for turbulent
flow:
With either laminar or turbulent flow through the rotameter, the
flow rate is proportional to m.
If the cross-sectional area of the tube is made to increase linearly
with length, i.e.,
•where UIN is the velocity at the rotameter inlet, and the tube
diameter D is represented by its value at the inlet, equal to the bob
diameter Db.
• Through the Reynolds number regimes of laminar or turbulent flow,
and particularly important for the rotameter flow regimes with
strong or weak viscosity dependence can be distinguished.
•It has been found to be practical for rotameters to use an alternative
characteristic number, the Ruppel number, defined as:
where mb = ρbD3b is the mass of the bob.