“Convert AC Signal into DC Signal through Bridge

Rectifiers”
Subject: - BEC(Basic Electronics)
Guide: -Mrs. R. P. Nilajage
AISSMS’s Polytechnic Second shift, Pune 01
March________ 2018
SR NO ROLL NO NAME OF STUDENT

01 5117 Atharva Kurhade

02 5118 Yashodeep Mahangare

03 5114 Omkar Kawade

04 5120 Kamlesh Medankar

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 ABSTRACT
A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more) diodes in a bridge circuit configuration
that provides the same polarity of output for either polarity of input.

When used in its most common application, for conversion of an alternating-current (AC)
input into a direct-current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier. A bridge rectifier
provides full-wave rectification from a two-wire AC input, resulting in lower cost and weight
as compared to a rectifier with a 3-wire input from a transformer with a center-
tapped secondary winding.

The essential feature of a diode bridge is that the polarity of the output is the same regardless
of the polarity at the input. The diode bridge circuit was invented by Polish electro
technician Karol Pollak and patented on 14 Jan 1896 under the number DRP[3] 96564. In
1897, the German physicist Leo Graetz independently invented and published a similar
circuit. Today the circuit is still often referred to as a Graetz circuit or Graetz bridge.

Prior to the availability of integrated circuits, a bridge rectifier was constructed from "discrete
components", i.e., separate diodes. Since about 1950, a single four-terminal component
containing the four diodes connected in a bridge configuration became a standard commercial
component and is now available with various voltage and current ratings.

Diodes are also used in bridge topologies along with capacitors as voltage multipliers.

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 CONTENTS

SR NO CONTENT PAGE NO
01 Introduction 04
02 Material/Method/Procedure 05
03 Data/Observation 06
04 Discussion of result 07
05 Conclusion 08
06 Practical Application 09
07 Acknowledgment 10
08 Bibliography 11

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 INTRODUCTION

Current Flow :-

According to the conventional model of current flow (originally established by Benjamin

Franklin and still followed by most engineers today), current is defined to be positive when it
flows through electrical conductors from the positive to the negative pole. In actuality, free
electrons in a conductor nearly always flow from the negative to the positive pole. In the vast
majority of applications, however, the actual direction of current flow is irrelevant.
Therefore, in the discussion below the conventional model is retained.

The fundamental characteristic of a diode is that current can flow only one way through it,
which is defined as the forward direction. A diode bridge uses diodes as series components to
allow current to pass in the forward direction during the positive part of the AC cycle and as
shunt components to redirect current flowing in the reverse direction during the negative part
of the AC cycle to the opposite rails.

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Rectifier

In the diagrams below, when the input connected to the left corner of the diamond is positive,
and the input connected to the right corner is negative, current flows from the uppersupply
terminal to the right along the red (positive) path to the output and returns to the lower supply
terminal through the blue (negative) path.

When the input connected to the left corner is negative, and the input connected to the right
corner is positive, current flows from the lower supply terminal to the right along
the red(positive) path to the output and returns to the upper supply terminal through
the blue (negative) path.[8]

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In each case, the upper right output remains positive, and lower right output negative. Since
this is true whether the input is AC or DC, this circuit not only produces a DC output from an
AC input, it can also provide what is sometimes called "reverse-polarity protection". That is,
it permits normal functioning of DC-powered equipment when batteries have been installed
backwards, or when the leads (wires) from a DC power source have been reversed, and
protects the equipment from potential damage caused by reverse polarity.

Alternatives to the diode-bridge full-wave rectifiers are the center-tapped transformer and
double-diode rectifier, and voltage doubler rectifier using two diodes and two capacitors in a
bridge topology.

AC, half-wave and full-wave rectified signals

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Smoothing

With AC input, the output of a diode bridge (called a full-wave rectifier for this purpose;
there is also half-wave rectification, which does not use a diode bridge) is polarized
pulsating non-sinusoidal voltage of the same amplitude but twice the frequency of the input.
It may be considered as DC voltage upon which is superimposed a very large ripple voltage.
This kind of electric power is not very usable, because ripple is dissipated as waste heat in
DC circuit components and may cause noise or distortion during circuit operation. So nearly
all rectifiers are followed by a series of bandpass or bandstop filters and/or a voltage
regulator to convert most or all of the ripple voltage into a smoother and possibly higher DC
output. A filter may be as simple as a single sufficiently large capacitor or choke, but most
power-supply filters have multiple alternating series and shunt components. When the ripple
voltage rises, reactive power is stored in the filter components, reducing the voltage; when
the ripple voltage falls, reactive power is discharged from the filter components, raising the
voltage. The final stage of rectification may consist of a zener diode-based voltage regulator,
which almost completely eliminates any residual ripple.

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8
 MATERIALS/METHOD/PROCEDURE

Materials:-
1. Computer
2. Google Chrome
3. Internet Connection
4. Internet Explore
5. MS Office Software

Method:-
1. First collect the information of the subject for example collect the information
about the Convert AC Signal into DC Signal through Bridge Rectifiers.
2. Second open the computer and do the design on it and then edit it in word and
save it.
3. Create a Micro project report.

Procedure:-
1. First collect the information of the subject for example collect the information
about the Convert AC Signal into DC Signal through Bridge Rectifiers.
2. Second open the computer and do the design on it and then edit it in word and
save it.
3. Create a Micro project report.

Sr.No. Name of Resource Specification Quantity

1 Transformer 220v/12v v AC,500 mA 1
2 Resistor 10K 1
3 Diode Silicon Diode 1N4007 1
4 Connecting wires, -- 1

connector (red,black)
5 Motherbord -- 1

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 DATA

Data: - In data we are required the internet connection and one computer to getting
information about it. After using the internet browsing we get the information. In that the we
use Microsoft word 2016 and complete the Convert AC Signal into DC Signal through
Bridge Rectifier. micro project, and the information we get on following website
www.wikipedia.co.in

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 CONCLUSION

In this project we have discussed about Convert AC Signal into DC Signal through Bridge
Rectifiers and explain their results and data.

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 PRACTICAL APPLICATION
In practical application we use the object they are below:

Sr.no Objects use to Completed

this project

01 Computer system

02 Microsoft Word

03 Internet Connection

04 Internet Browser

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank a lot of people who helped and supported me during the preparation of
this project titled as “Convert AC Signal into DC Signal through Bridge Rectifiers”.
My sincere thanks to our Guide Teacher Mrs. R. P. Nilajage for helping us in the processes
of technical writing and many more things.
My sincere thanks to our H.O.D “S. D. Patil” for helping us in the processes of technical
writing and many more things.
Thanks to all who directly or indirectly helped us to complete this project.

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BIBOLOGRAPHY

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